Английская Википедия:2019 Cotabato earthquakes

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The 2019 Cotabato earthquakes were an earthquake swarm which struck the province of Cotabato on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines in October 2019. Three of these earthquakes were above 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale with a Mercalli intensity of VIII. More than 40 people have been reported dead or missing and nearly 800 were injured as a result of these events.

Tectonic setting

Mindanao lies across the complex convergent boundary between the Sunda Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. Part of the oblique convergence between these plates is taken up by subduction along the Cotabato Trench. The strike-slip component of the convergence is accommodated partly by the Philippine Fault System and partly by the Cotabato Fault System, a network of mainly NW-SE trending sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faults that form the boundary between the Cotabato Arc and the Central Mindanao Volcanic Belt. In the area of the October 2019 earthquakes series, the individual faults include the NW-SE trending South Columbio Fault, North Columbio Fault, M'Lang Fault, Makilala–Malungon Fault and Tangbulan Fault, and the SW-NE trending Makilala Fault and Balabag Fault.

Earthquakes M≥5.0

Events at or above Шаблон:M 5.0 associated with the 2019 Cotabato earthquakes

Date	Time (UTC)	Magnitude Шаблон:M	Intensity	Depth	Location	Шаблон:Tooltip
Шаблон:Nts	11:37:05	6.4	Шаблон:Ntsh VIII	10.0 km (6.2 mi)	Шаблон:Convert ENE of Columbio
Шаблон:Nts	12:09:31	5.5	Шаблон:Ntsh VI	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert ENE of Columbio
Шаблон:Nts	22:52:18	5.0	Шаблон:Ntsh V	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert W of Magsaysay
Шаблон:Nts	11:44:28	5.2	Шаблон:Ntsh III	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert S of Magsaysay
Шаблон:Nts	08:55:32	5.2	Шаблон:Ntsh V	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert N of Lambayong
Шаблон:Nts	11:50:35	5.0	Шаблон:Ntsh V	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert WNW of Kiblawan
Шаблон:Nts	11:59:43	5.1	Шаблон:Ntsh V	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert NW of Kiblawan
Шаблон:Nts	01:04:44	6.6	Шаблон:Ntsh VIII	9.0 km (5.5 mi)	Шаблон:Convert E of Bual
Шаблон:Nts	02:22:35	5.1	Шаблон:Ntsh V	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert SE of Saguing
Шаблон:Nts	02:42:39	6.1	Шаблон:Ntsh VII	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert E of Bagontapay
Шаблон:Nts	08:33:12	5.4	Шаблон:Ntsh V	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert E of Bagontapay
Шаблон:Nts	08:46:03	5.2	Шаблон:Ntsh V	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert SW of Dolo
Шаблон:Nts	21:22:07	5.0	V	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert W of Magsaysay
Шаблон:Nts	01:11:19	6.5	Шаблон:Ntsh VIII	6.0 km (3.7 mi)	Шаблон:Convert NW of Bulatukan

Major earthquakes

Файл:2019 Cotabato EQs+faults.png

Map of the M≥5 earthquakes from the October 2019 sequence, highlighting the three largest. The location of the main active faults are also shown

October 16

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported that an earthquake of 6.3 magnitude was recorded at 19:37 PST (UTC+8) with a depth of 10.0 km kilometers (recorded as 6.4 Шаблон:M at a depth of 12.8 km by the USGS). The epicenter was 7 kilometers ENE of Columbio, 22 kilometers southeast of Tulunan, Cotabato where the earthquake was felt at Intensity VII. VII was also reached at M'lang and Kidapawan. Intensity VI was reached at Tacurong, Santo Niño in South Cotabato, and Digos in Davao del Sur. The earthquake was a result of sinistral movement on a NW-SE trending strike-slip fault.

Magnitude 6.3

PEIS REPORTED INTENSITIES
Intensity	Location
Шаблон:PEIS	Tulunan, M'lang, Makilala and Kidapawan, Cotabato
Шаблон:PEIS	Digos, Davao del Sur; Santo Nino, South Cotabato; Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat
Шаблон:PEIS	President Roxas and Pikit, Cotabato; Koronadal, Lake Sebu, Polomolok, Tampakan and Tupi, South Cotabato; General Santos; Alabel and Malungon, Sarangani; Davao City; Kalamansig, Lebak and Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
Шаблон:PEIS	Kiamba, Sarangani; Esperanza and Rosario, Agusan del Sur; Kalilangan, Quezon, Kadingilan and Damulog, Bukidnon; Mawab, Compostela Valley; Cotabato City; Matanog, Barira, and Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao
Шаблон:PEIS	Santa Josefa, Agusan del Sur; Iligan; Dipolog; Cagayan de Oro; Gingoog, Misamis Oriental;
Шаблон:PEIS	Butuan; Zamboanga City
Шаблон:PEIS	Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur

Philippine government seismologist Renato Solidum described the quake as "moderately powerful". The National Tsunami Center issues a statement saying no present tsunami threat from the earthquake.

Three malls in Davao City reported damage following the earthquake. In General Santos, the Gaisano Mall was mostly gutted following a fire triggered by the earthquake. 143 buildings were damaged and one was destroyed. The damaged buildings included 40 houses, 70 schools, 7 health facilities, 10 commercial buildings, and 2 places of worship.

October 29

On October 29, a 6.6-magnitude earthquake struck Mindanao at a depth of 14.0 km, according to the USGS, and 7 km according to PHIVOLCS. The maximum perceived shaking was VII on both the PEIS and MMS scales. This intensity was reached in Tulunan, Makilala, Kidapawan City, Digos, and Malungon. This earthquake was caused by movement on a different, but related, strike-slip fault to the October 16 event.

Magnitude 6.6

PEIS REPORTED INTENSITIES
Intensity	Location
Шаблон:PEIS	Tulunan and Makilala, Cotabato; Kidapawan City; Digos, Bansalan, Magsaysay, Davao del Sur and Malungon, Sarangani
Шаблон:PEIS	Koronadal City and Davao City
Шаблон:PEIS	Cotabato City; Tampakan, Surallah, Banga and Tupi, South Cotabato; General Santos; Magpet, Cotabato; Tacurong City, Kalamansig, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat; Alabel, Sarangani; Kalilangan and Damulog, Bukidnon; Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Шаблон:PEIS	Cagayan De Oro City; Talakag, Manolo Fortich and Libona, Bukidnon; Glan, Maitum, Maasim and Kiamba, Sarangani; Butuan City; Iligan City; Tubod and Bacolod, Lanao del Norte
Шаблон:PEIS	Molave, Zamboanga del Sur; Dipolog City, Sergio Osmeņa Sr. and Polanco, Zamboanga del Norte; Zamboanga City; Gingoog City, Misamis Oriental and Bislig City
Шаблон:PEIS	Kabasalan, Zamboanga Sibugay, Mambajao, Camiguin and Isabela City, Basilan
Шаблон:PEIS	Palo, Leyte; Dipolog City and Bislig City

A major fire broke out in General Santos. There were power outages in many parts of Cotabato and locally in South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, and Sarangani. At least ten deaths were reported, with a minimum of another four hundred injured. The fatalities were reported in Arakan, Carmen, Tulunan, Makilala, Digos, and Magsaysay. School classes were suspended in parts of North Cotabato, South Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat.

October 31

On October 31, a 6.5 magnitude earthquake struck Mindanao at a depth of 10 km according to the USGS, with the epicenter located 1 km south of Kisante. A maximum perceived shaking of VII (PEIS) was reported from Tulunan, Makilala, Kidapawan City, Santa Cruz, Matanao, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Digos. Some buildings in Davao and Soccksargen were seriously damaged and some collapsed. The death toll of these two quakes (October 29 and 31) was raised to 24, with 563 people injured, and 11 still missing. More than 300 aftershocks were recorded after the earthquake.

Magnitude 6.5

PEIS REPORTED INTENSITIES
Intensity	Location
Шаблон:PEIS	Tulunan and Makilala, Cotabato; Kidapawan; Matanao, Bansalan, Magsaysay and Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur; Digos
Шаблон:PEIS	Davao City; Hagonoy, Davao del Sur
Шаблон:PEIS	Polomolok, Tampakan, Tupi, Surallah and Sto Nino, South Cotabato; Isulan, Sultan Kudarat; Malungon, Sarangani; Koronadal; General Santos
Шаблон:PEIS	Lake Sebu, South Cotabato; Lebak, Kalamansig, Pigcawayan and Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat; Kalilangan, Damulog, Kadingilan and Talakag, Bukidnon; Alabel, Malampatan and Kiamba, Sarangani; Tacurong
Шаблон:PEIS	Banga, South Cotabato; Lambayon, Sultan Kudarat; Baungon, Manolo Fortich, Don Carlos, Maramag, Quezon, Libona, Valencia and Malaybalay, Bukidnon; Tubod and Kauswagan, Lanao Del Norte; Naawan, Misamis Oriental; El Salvador; Gingoog; Cagayan de Oro; Butuan; Bislig
Шаблон:PEIS	Sindangan and Polanco, Zamboanga del Norte; Las Nieves, Agusan del Sur; Dapitan; Dipolog
Шаблон:PEIS	Zamboanga City

A hotel in Kidapawan City collapsed following the earthquake; according to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), no one was inside when the earthquake struck. The Davao City government suspended the classes on all levels. Affected residents in Makilala, Cotabato were seen begging on the highway for basic needs such as rice and tents. According to the NDRRMC, about 30,000 families or 150,000 individuals were affected by the earthquake.

December 15

Шаблон:Main The Cotabato sequence was followed by an earthquake, with a magnitude of Шаблон:M 6.8 (ANSS) or Шаблон:M 6.9 (PHIVOLCS), on December 15 at 14:11 PST with an epicenter in the neighboring province of Davao del Sur. It had a hypocentral depth of between 22.4 km (ANSS) and 3.0 km (PHIVOLCS) and a maximum felt intensity of VII MMI or VII PEIS. The greatest damage was reported from the towns of Matanao, Magsaysay, Hagonoy and Padada. The earthquake caused 13 deaths and a further 210 people were injured.

Landslides

The earthquake sequence triggered a large number of landslides and rockslides. Municipalities affected by landslides include Kidapawan City, Antipas, Arakan, Makilala, M'Lang and Tulunan in Cotabato province; Magsaysay, Bansalan, Malalag, Matanao and Kiblawan in Davao Del Sur. Three fatalities were caused by landslides triggered by the October 29 shock with a further six people reported missing. Two fatalities were caused by landslides triggered by the October 31 shock, with a further five people reported missing.

Effects on infrastructure

Damage to infrastructure in the eight most badly affected areas from the earthquakes on October 29 and October 31

Province	Houses		Schools		Health facilities		Other public structures		Places of worship		Commercial buildings		Roads & Bridges
	Destroyed	Damaged	Destroyed	Damaged	Destroyed	Damaged	Destroyed	Damaged	Destroyed	Damaged	Destroyed	Damaged	Destroyed	Damaged
North Cotabato	21,120	7,915	20	505	21	76	25	41	5	14	9	24	0	15
Davao del Sur	2,185	7,505	2	260	27	129	3	2	0	0	1	12	0	9
Sultan Kudarat	14	24	0	132	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
Davao Occidental	1	20	1	3	1	4	0	4	0	0	0	4	0	0
Maguindanao	0	20	0	29	0	0	0	2	0	4	0	0	0	0
South Cotabato	1	17	0	223	0	2	0	3	0	0	0	5	0	2
Davao del Norte	0	0	0	113	0	2	0	15	0	1	0	1	0	1
Sarangani	0	0	13	98	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0

Reactions

International

The US Ambassador to the Philippines, Sung Kim, and the EU delegation to the Philippines both offered their condolences to the Filipino people. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi also sent his message of sympathy to Philippine Foreign Secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr. The Chinese government has donated ¥3 million yuan (roughly equivalent to ₱22 million pesos) to support the disaster relief efforts in Mindanao. Meanwhile, the Spanish Consulate in the Philippines pledged to donate up to 35,000 euros to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and 70,000 euros to assist people in water, hygiene and sanitation.

Domestic

The Provincial Government of South Cotabato, Sarangani and the City of General Santos was one of the first to initiate to help the citizens with blankets, trapal, food and water near the epicenter of the earthquake swarm, most especially in the Municipalities of Makilala, Tulunan, M'lang and City of Kidapawan. Local citizens in Soccsksargen acted in both giving donations in the government processes and privately giving donations across the highway in Makilala, Tulunan and Kidapawan. The Davao City Government also helped the affected areas. The Island Garden City of Samal Government also went to Cotabato Province to give relief goods and drinking water. The Bangsamoro Government also went to the affected areas to give relief goods. The municipal government of Datu Saudi Ampatuan also went to the area to share donations to help the affected people. Among other institutions that immediately helped where banks, malls, universities and schools in Soccsksargen and Davao Region to assist their fellow Mindanaoans in crisis.

See also

• List of earthquakes in 2019
• List of earthquakes in the Philippines
• 2019 Luzon earthquake
• 2019 Visayas earthquake

External links

• Шаблон:EQ-isc-link (October 16, M 6.3)
• Шаблон:EQ-isc-link (October 29, M 6.6)
• Шаблон:EQ-isc-link (October 31, M 6.5)
• Шаблон:ReliefWeb-link (Covers all three earthquakes)