Английская Википедия:2S1 Gvozdika

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Infobox weapon The 2S1 Gvozdika (Шаблон:Lang-ru, "Carnation") is a Soviet self-propelled howitzer introduced in 1972 and in service in Russia and other countries Шаблон:As of. It is based on the MT-LBu multi-purpose chassis, mounting a 122 mm 2A18 howitzer. "2S1" is its GRAU designation. An alternative Russian designation is SAU-122, but in the Russian Army it is commonly known as Gvozdika. The 2S1 is fully amphibious with very little preparation, and once afloat is propelled by its tracks. A variety of track widths are available to allow the 2S1 to operate in snow or swamp conditions. It is NBC protected and has infrared night-vision capability.

One was used in Series 21 of the British television series Top Gear (2002 TV series), as part of the fictional Top Gear Police Department.

Description

Файл:Croatian Defense Council (HVO) soldiers stand out the top of a Russian 122 MM Howitzer 2S1 during Operation Joint Endeavor (DD-SD-99-06163).jpg
Croatian 2S1 in 1996

The 2S1 was developed in Kharkiv, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. It has seven road wheels on each side; the running gear can be fitted with different widths of track to match terrain. The interior is separated into a driver's compartment on the left, an engine compartment on the right and a fighting compartment to the rear. Within the fighting compartment the commander sits on the left, the loader on the right and the gunner to the front. The all-welded turret is located above the fighting compartment. The 2S1 uses a 122 mm howitzer based on the towed D-30 howitzer. The gun is equipped with a power rammer, a double-baffle muzzle brake and a fume extractor. It is capable of firing HE (high explosive), leaflet, HE/RAP, armor-piercing HE, flechette and chemical rounds.[1][2]

Production history

The first prototype was ready in 1958. The 2S1 entered service with the Soviet Army in the early 1970s and was first seen in public at a Polish Army parade in 1974. The vehicle was deployed in large numbers (72 per tank division, 36 per motorized rifle division). It was designated the M1974 by the U.S. Army and manufactured in Soviet, Polish and Bulgarian state factories.

Variants

Iran

  • Raad-1 ('Thunder') – Iranian variant based on the hull of the Boragh APC.

Myanmar

  • 2S1U – In March 2019, a Ukrainian company, the Great Export Import Company, and the Myanmar military have signed a joint-venture agreement to build a plant capable of manufacturing armored personnel carriers (APCs) and self-propelled howitzers. The types of APCs that will be made in the plant are said to be eight-wheeled BTR-4Us while the howitzers will be 2S1Us, which are based on the MT-LBu multipurpose chassis.[3][4]

Poland

The 2S1 Gvozdika, and other related vehicles such as the MT-LB and Opal, were produced in Poland by Huta Stalowa Wola under the name 2S1 Goździk.

  • 2S1M Goździk – Version with special amphibious kit that increases the vehicle's amphibious capabilities.
  • 2S1T Goździk – Version with a TOPAZ digital fire control system from WB electronics. The system consists of a FONET-IP digital intercom system, new digital radio, military GPS receiver, military computer and dedicated software. The same system is used on other Polish Armed Forces artillery systems like the AHS Krab, Dana-T and WR-40 Langusta.

Romania

  • OAPR model 89 (Obuzierul autopropulsat românesc, model 89) – Romanian variant combining the 2S1 Gvozdika's turret and a modified version of the MLI-84's chassis. Designed around 1978, produced between 1987 and 1992. Also simply known as Model 89.[5][6]

Russia

Serbia

  • 2S1 modernized - The modernization is being carried out on the basis of the 122 mm towed howitzer of the Serbian modernization program. Project "SORA 122mm" and NORA B-52. Where the truck platform was abandoned, which was used by the proto-type version of the "SORA 122mm" system in favor of a much better, crawler platform 2S1 Gvozdika system. The action was made possible by two new projectiles and an increased range of about 40% from 15,200 to almost 22,000 m. A new ballistic computer and fire control system make it much faster to prepare for action. There is also a new inertial navigation system, GPRS, as well as the possibility of action, multiple projectiles in one point MRSI. Thus, it was achieved that with one 2S1 Gvozdika system, in the system of MRSI action in one point, 6 projectiles can be fired in one minute; the modernized 2S1 Gvozdika is much improved. For better defence a turret with a 12.7mm machine gun was added. In 2021, the first modernized 2S1 Gvozdika system battery was inducted into service with the Serbian Army.

Soviet Union

Ukraine

  • Kevlar-E – Infantry fighting vehicle based on the 2S1 platform, equipped with Shturm remote weapon station and room for 6 passengers in addition to the 3 crew. The original 300 horsepower V8 diesel engine has been replaced with a 420 horsepower diesel engine produced by Caterpillar, Cummins or Deutz, increasing the maximum road speed to 70 km/h. The vehicle is amphibious, and has air conditioning, a fire detection and suppression system, an NBC system, navigation system and night-vision equipment. The variant was first introduced in April 2018.[8] The prototype has been fighting in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[9]

Operators

Файл:2S1 operators.png
Map of 2S1 operators: Шаблон:LegendШаблон:Legend
Файл:2S1 Gvozdika Vojske Srbije 2.jpg
Serbian Army 2S1 Gvozdika modernized
Файл:2S1 Gvozdika in artillery range.JPG
Polish Land Forces 2S1 Gvozdika at artillery range
Файл:2S1 Model 1989.jpg
Romanian Model 89, using the 2S1's turret on the MLI-84's chassis
Файл:M1974-sp-howitzer-19910304.jpg
An Iraqi M-1974 howitzer lies stranded in the desert after being deserted by Iraqi forces during the Persian Gulf War's Operation Desert Storm.

Current operators

Former operators

Combat history

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:PostWWIISovietAFVS Шаблон:SovArtyColdWar Шаблон:ModernPOLAFVsNav Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ http://www.worldwar2.ro/documents/004-artileria-romana-in-date-si-imagini.pdf p. 164
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ "Belarus Army Equipment" Шаблон:Webarchive, GlobalSecurity
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ IISS Military Balance 2020, p.469
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ International Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military Balance 2022
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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