Английская Википедия:Ames Monument
Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox NRHP
The Ames Monument is a large pyramid in Albany County, Wyoming, designed by Henry Hobson Richardson and dedicated to brothers Oakes Ames and Oliver Ames Jr., Union Pacific Railroad financiers. It marked the highest point on the first transcontinental railroad, at Шаблон:Convert.[1]
Henry Hobson Richarson designed the monument midway into his career. [2] He was very much inspired by the 12 centuries of France, Italy's, and Spain's architecture designs. His work was not very known to the public and he did not have a lot of work to do until the 1870, when he helped with Trinity Church and Buffalo asylum. [3]
The town of Sherman rose up around it, but then Union Pacific moved its tracks to the south, leaving Sherman to become a ghost town.
Oliver served as president of the Union Pacific Railroad from 1866 to 1871,[4] while Oakes, a U.S. representative from Massachusetts, asserted near-total control of its construction. In 1873, investigators implicated Oakes in fraud associated with financing of the railroad. Congress subsequently censured Oakes, who resigned in 1873[5] and died soon thereafter.
Richardsonian design
The Ames Monument is located about Шаблон:Convert east of Laramie, Wyoming, on a wind-blown, treeless summit south of Interstate 80 at the Vedauwoo exit. The monument is a four-sided, random ashlar pyramid, Шаблон:Convert square at the base and Шаблон:Convert high, constructed of light-colored native granite. The pyramid features an interior passage, now sealed, alongside the perimeter of the structure's base.[6]
Noted American architect H. H. Richardson designed the pyramid, which includes two Шаблон:Convert tall bas-relief portraits of the Ames brothers by sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens on the east and west sides of the pyramid's top. Saint-Gaudens chiseled the bas-reliefs from Quincy, Massachusetts, granite.[7] The north side, which at one time faced the railroad tracks, displays one-foot-high letters grouted in the granite noting: "In Memory of Oakes Ames and Oliver Ames". The monument is one of a half-dozen or more projects that Richardson did for the Ames family.[7]
The pyramid is one of only two examples of Richardson's work west of the Mississippi River, the other being the Isaac H. Lionberger House in St. Louis less than two miles from the river.[8] Richardson's monolithic structure employed rough-hewn granite boulders in its construction. The monument's stones at the base are five feet by eight feet and weigh thousands of pounds each.[7] The pyramid narrows from the base to become progressively smaller towards the top at a ratio of four inches to the foot.
History
The reasoning for the building of the monument was H.H Richard wanted to honor the Ames Brothers Oliver and Oakes Ames for building and completing the railroads. [9] The rail roads that was built was the first transitional railroad in the Union Pacifics. These rails roads were meant[10] to pass through the mountains of Laramie and Northern Utah.
The audacity of building a transcontinental railroad in the 1860s was "today's equivalent of the mission to Mars: Big, expensive and impossible," wrote University of Wyoming historian Phil Roberts.[5] President Abraham Lincoln reportedly told Oakes Ames that if he could get the transcontinental railroad built, he would be "the most remembered man of the century."[5] Lincoln personally recruited Oakes after progress by and financial support for Credit Mobilier of America, the construction company charged with building the railroad, ground to a halt.[7] The Ames brothers succeeded where others failed and completed the transcontinental railway. However, in 1873 charges of financial fraud were leveled at Oakes, tarnishing his reputation and that of the Union Pacific Railroad Company's .[7]
Public outcry towards Oakes and other "Kings of Frauds" associated with scandal threatened the Ames family reputation and that of the Ames Company, founded in 1774 to make steel-edged shovels.[7] The Ames Company later sold axes and shovels to miners during the California Gold Rush.[11] The company supplied the government with shovels during the Civil War, for excavating the Panama Canal, for mining Pennsylvania coal fields, and for digging the New York City Subway.[7]
In 1875, the Union Pacific Railroad board of directors voted to erect the grand Ames Monument, in part to burnish the company's tarnished reputation.[8][5] Union Pacific stockholders subsequently authorized the construction at a meeting in Boston on March 10, 1875.[4]
The Norcross Brothers of Worcester, Massachusetts, built the monument, employing some 85 workers who lived on site, "where reportedly no liquor or gambling was allowed."[4] Workers cut the stone for the pyramid from a granite outcropping common in the area. They then used oxen teams to skid the stone a half-mile to the work site. Some of the rough-faced granite blocks weigh several tons.[7]
Workers constructed the pyramid about 300 yards south of the tracks on a small knoll.[7] When completed in 1882, the Ames Monument stood Шаблон:Convert south of, and Шаблон:Convert above, the highest elevation of the original tracks of Union Pacific transcontinental railroad at Шаблон:Convert.[1] President Rutherford B. Hayes underscored the importance of the transcontinental railroad and thereby the Ames brothers by attending the monument's dedication ceremony.[5]
However, when completed in 1882, the Ames Monument was visited by many persons who were allowed to momentarily leave their trains in order to view the monolithic curiosity. It was said that when the construction of the monument was almost completed, some people had the opportunity of being lifted to the top of the monument by a special rig and from their breezy perch could view the surrounding area for a hundred miles in all directions.[7]
When it was finished in the year 1882 the ending cost of the structure was $64,000. Around 12 miles away from the monument they had finished the railroad tracks in the year 1865. [12]
In 1885, after finding that the Union Pacific had accidentally built the monument not on one of the plots granted to the corporation by the government, but on one of the alternating plots available for purchase or claim by Homesteaders, local resident William Murphy purchased the land that contained the monument, intending to cover the pyramid with advertising. The Union Pacific Railroad Company contested the purchase, and eventually obtained a special deed to the property in 1889, both frustrating Murphy and bankrupting him through legal proceedings.Шаблон:Citation needed
Sherman
Шаблон:Main The small town of Sherman arose at the site north of the tracks where trains stopped to change engines on their transcontinental journey. The stop provided a roundhouse with five stalls and a turntable, two section houses, and a windmill with water tank. Trains were inspected at Sherman before beginning the long descent from the Sherman Pass summit, either east towards Cheyenne or west across the Шаблон:Convert high Dale Creek Bridge to the Laramie Valley. The town's death knell came in 1918. The railroad company closed its station house and relocated the tracks about three miles (5 km) south.[11] Residents soon abandoned Sherman, leaving behind a small cemetery that is still present today.
The monument today
Union Pacific donated the railroad monument to the state of Wyoming in 1983.[5] The structure is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is maintained as a Wyoming state historic site. Time and possible vandalism have destroyed some of the features of the bas-relief portraits of the Ames brothers on the monument. The Ames Monument is open year-round, weather permitting.
Work took place in 2010 and 2011 to restore the monument. On October 31, 2016, the site received National Historic Landmark status.[6] The designation was made in recognition of the unique collaboration between Richardson and Saint-Gaudens, two of the era's leading creative figures.[13]
Notes
References
- Dell Upton, Architecture in the United States, Oxford University Press, 1998, pages 96–97. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress)
External links
- Ames Monument, Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites
- Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office article
- Save Outdoor Sculpture Survey for the Ames Monument
- Ames Monument, Interstate 80, Laramie, Albany, WY at the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)
Шаблон:Protected areas of Wyoming Шаблон:NRHP in Carbon County, Wyoming Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 State wants to attract more visitors to railroad monument, by JODI ROGSTAD. Associated Press. December 7, 2006.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 7,7 7,8 7,9 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Buildings and structures completed in 1880
- Buildings and structures in Albany County, Wyoming
- Henry Hobson Richardson buildings
- Richardsonian Romanesque architecture in Wyoming
- Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
- Protected areas of Albany County, Wyoming
- Pyramids in the United States
- Granite sculptures in Wyoming
- Union Pacific Railroad
- Wyoming state historic sites
- Historic American Buildings Survey in Wyoming
- 1880 establishments in Wyoming Territory
- Butler–Ames family
- National Register of Historic Places in Albany County, Wyoming
- National Historic Landmarks in Wyoming
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
