Английская Википедия:Book of Roads and Kingdoms

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Файл:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0972 fol 6b-7a.jpg
Map of Arabia from the Kitab al-Masalik wa'l-Mamalik by al-Istakhri (copy dated to Шаблон:Circa CE)

Шаблон:Italic title The Book of Roads and Kingdoms (Шаблон:Lang-ar, Kitāb al-Masālik waʿl-Mamālik[1]) is a group of Islamic manuscripts composed from the Middle Ages to the early modern period.Шаблон:Sfn They emerged from the administrative tradition of listing pilgrim and post stages.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Their text covers the cities, roads, topography, and peoples of the Muslim world, interspersed with personal anecdotes.Шаблон:Sfn A theoretical explanation of the "Inhabited Quarter" of the world, comparable to the ecumene, frames the world with classical concepts like the seven climes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The books include illustrations so geometric that they are barely recognizable as maps.Шаблон:Sfn These schematic maps do not attempt a mimetic depiction of physical boundaries.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn With little change in design, the treatises typically offer twenty regional maps and a disc-shaped map of the world surrounded by the Encircling Ocean.Шаблон:Sfn The maps have a flat quality, but the textual component implies a spherical earth. Andalusi scholar Abi Bakr Zuhri explained, "Their objective is the depiction of the earth, even if it does not correspond to reality. Because the earth is spherical but the [map] is simple".Шаблон:Sfn

The first, incomplete Kitāb al-Masālik wa'l-Mamālik by Ja‘far ibn Ahmad al-Marwazi is now lost.Шаблон:Sfn The earliest surviving version was written by Ibn Khordadbeh circa 870 CE,Шаблон:Sfn during the reigns of Abbasid caliphs al-Wathiq and al-Mu'tamid.Шаблон:Sfn The earliest known version of the idiosyncratic cartography was composed by al-Istakhri circa 950 CE,Шаблон:Sfn although only copies by later artists survive.Шаблон:Sfn As he was a follower of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi,Шаблон:Sfn this style of map-making is often referred to as the "Balkhī school",Шаблон:Sfn or the "Classical School". The maps are sometimes called the "Atlas of Islam",Шаблон:Sfn or abbreviated as KMMS maps.Шаблон:Sfn This tradition of mapping appears in related works including Ibn Hawqal's Ṣūrat al-’Arḍ (Шаблон:Lang; "The face of the Earth").Шаблон:Sfn

Gallery

Шаблон:Gallery

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

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  1. ↑ Also translated "Highways and Kingdoms", "Routes and Kingdoms", "Routes and Countries", "Routes and Realms", etc.
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