Английская Википедия:Brazil–France relations
Шаблон:Infobox bilateral relations
Brazil–France relations are the bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the French Republic.
The two countries are committed to strengthening their bilateral cooperation in the areas for which working groups have been created: nuclear energy, renewable energies, defence technologies, technological innovation, joint cooperation in African countries and space technologies, medicines and the environment.[1]
Brazil and France entered a formal strategic alliance in 2008.[2][3] France supports Brazil's ambition to become a global player on the international scene,[4] and has been a strong supporter of the Brazilian bid for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council.[1] Through significant technology transfers, France intends to help Brazil acquire key technologies of a major world power in the military, space, energy and technology sectors.[4]
According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, 54% of French people view Brazil's influence positively, with 32% expressing a negative view, while 50% of Brazilians view France's influence positively, with 19% expressing a negative view.[5]
History
| Timeline of bilateral relations | |
|---|---|
| 1825 | France is the first European country to recognize the independence of Brazil.[6] |
| 1959 | Inauguration of the House of Brazil (Casa do Brasil) at the University of Paris.[6] |
| 2003 | France invites Brazil to participate at the G8 Summit in Evian.[6] |
| 2004 | Creation of the Action Against Hunger and Poverty by initiative of Presidents Lula and Chirac; Creation of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti.[6] |
| 2005 | Year of Brazil in France.[6] |
| 2008 | Brazil and France enter a strategic alliance.[2] |
| 2009 | Year of France in Brazil.[7] |
In 2019, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro commented that he would only accept $20 million in G7 aid to fight the Amazon rainforest wildfires if French President Emmanuel Macron retracted criticisms which he found offensive.[8]
Money relations
Brazil is France's leading trade partner in Latin America and its fourth most important partner outside OECD. Over 500 French companies are established directly in Brazil and employ over 250,000 people.[9] Total trade between the two countries surpassed $6.5 billion dollars in 2009.[6]
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flagicon French exports to Brazil | $1.8 billion | $2.3 billion | $2.7 billion | $2.8 billion | $3.5 billion | $4.7 billion | $3.6 billion |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Brazilian exports to France | $1.7 billion | $2.2 billion | $2.5 billion | $2.7 billion | $3.5 billion | $4.1 billion | $2.9 billion |
| Total trade | $3.5 billion | $4.5 billion | $5.2 billion | $5.5 billion | $7 billion | $8.8 billion | $6.5 billion |
| Note: All values are in U.S. dollars. Source:.[6] | |||||||
Cultural relations
Brazil is France's leading partner in Latin America for cultural, scientific, and technical cooperation. Three French secondary schools (Brasília, Rio, and São Paulo) have a total of 2,150 students; 1,000 of whom are French. The Alliances françaises in Brazil constitute the oldest and most extensive in the world (74 establishments in 52 cities).[10] Brazil, through its past and present connections to France, is eligible for membership with the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Both countries also share the distinction of being the largest Roman Catholic-majority countries by population on their respective continents.
Cross-border cooperation
Brazil and France share a 730 km border between the state of Amapá and the overseas department of French Guiana.[11] The cross-border cooperation between the two countries has enjoyed increased vitality. This cooperation makes it possible to better integrate French Guiana into its geographical environment, to respond to the concerns of both parties about the various cross-border risks, to encourage human exchanges and trade and to develop the economy of the Amazon region, respecting the local populations and extraordinary environment. The granting to France, on the initiative of Brazil, of observer status within the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization, will strengthen this cooperation. The construction of the Oyapock River Bridge over the Oyapock River, decided during President Lula’s visit to France, made the Cayenne-Macapá road link possible.[12] The bridge was opened in 2017.
Military cooperation
Defence cooperation has undergone major developments in recent years. On July 15, 2005, Brazil and France signed several military cooperation agreements in areas such as aviation and advanced military technologies.[13][14] On 2008, the two countries entered a Status of Forces Agreement.[15] On 23 December 2008, Brazil and France established a formal strategic alliance.[2]
Brazil and France signed a major defense pact on December 24, 2008.[16] At the occasion, the Brazilian government purchased 50 EC-725 Super Cougar helicopters, a nuclear submarine, and four Шаблон:Sclass2s from the French government worth an estimated $12 billion. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and French President Nicolas Sarkozy signed an accord approving the sale in Rio de Janeiro.[17] All these contracts come with significant technology transfer and offer considerable participation prospects for the Brazilian industry.[18] The helicopters will be built locally by the Brazilian firm Helibras in partnership with Eurocopter. The four conventional Scorpènes will also be built locally, in a new shipyard being built by Odebrecht and DCNS in Itaguaí, state of Rio de Janeiro.
In September 2009, the two countries announced a joint venture between Agrale and Renault Trucks to produce military transport vehicles.[19]
In late 2019, it was reported that the Brazilian military viewed France as its biggest potential threat due to disputes over the Amazon rainforest.[20]
Transportation
There are direct flights between Brazil and France with the following airlines: Air France and LATAM Brasil.
Lobster War
Шаблон:Main When the Brazilian navy moved to intercept French lobster fisherman off the coast of the state of Pernambuco in 1961, the French Navy deployed vessels in response. This is considered a bloodless war as no casualties occurred nor violence.
Scientific cooperation
France is Brazil's second-leading scientific partner, after the United States. Brazil is France's leading scientific partner in Latin America.[21] The two countries cooperate in the areas of climate change, sustainable development, biodiversity, technological innovation and the genome.[21]
Resident diplomatic missions
- Brazil has an embassy in Paris and consulates-general in Marseille and in Cayenne and Saint-Georges (both in French Guiana).
- France has an embassy in Brasília and consulates-general in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo and a consulate in Recife.
-
Embassy of Brazil in Paris
-
Consulate-General of Brazil in Paris
See also
- Foreign relations of Brazil
- Foreign relations of France
- French Brazilian
- Brazilians in France
- French invasions in Brazil
References
External links
- Embassy of France in Brasília Official website
- Embassy of Brazil in Paris Шаблон:Webarchive Official website
Шаблон:Foreign relations of Brazil Шаблон:Foreign relations of France Шаблон:Portal bar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Political relations Шаблон:Webarchive, French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Retrieved on 2010-11-29.
- ↑ Views of China and India Slide While UK's Ratings Climb Шаблон:Webarchive BBC World Service
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 Relações Bilaterais Brasil-França Шаблон:Webarchive Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Retrieved on 2010-11-28. Шаблон:In lang.
- ↑ 2009: Ano da França no Brasil Шаблон:Webarchive Ministério da Cultura. Retrieved on 2010-11-28. Шаблон:In lang.
- ↑ Bolsonaro makes accepting millions in G7 aid for Amazon contingent on apology from Macron. France 24
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Brazil, France sign major defense pact Reuters UK. Retrieved on December 25, 2008.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Brazil's military elite sees France as country's biggest threat, leaked report reveals France 24
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 Cultural, scientific and technical cooperation Шаблон:Webarchive French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Retrieved on 2010-11-29.
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