Английская Википедия:Cardinal and Theological Virtues (Raphael)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox artwork The Cardinal and Theological Virtues is a lunette fresco by Raphael found on the south wall of the Stanza della Segnatura in the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican. Three of the cardinal virtues are personified as statuesque women seated in a bucolic landscape, and the theological virtues are depicted by putti.
The fresco was part of Raphael's commission to decorate the private apartments of Pope Julius II. These rooms are now known as the Stanze di Raffaello.
After completing his three monumental frescoes Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, The Parnassus, and The School of Athens in the Stanza della Segnatura, in 1511 Raphael painted the Cardinal and Theological Virtues.Шаблон:Sfn
Description
The walls containing frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura depict four branches of human knowledge: Philosophy (School of Athens), Religion (Disputation), Poetry (Parnassus), and Law (Virtues).Шаблон:Sfn The fourth wall containing the Virtues addresses both the civil law of the secular state and the canon law of the Church.Шаблон:Sfn Accordingly, three classical cardinal virtues (Fortitude, Prudence and Temperance) are attended by five putti, three of whom depict the theological virtues of Charity, Hope, and Faith.Шаблон:Sfn
On the left, Raphael painted Fortitude. Armor-clad, she caresses a lion with her left hand while grasping a sapling of black oak with her right.Шаблон:Sfn The oak tree symbolizes strength and alludes to the Della Rovere family to which Pope Julius II belonged.Шаблон:Sfn A putto representing Charity harvests acorns from the oak branch.Шаблон:Sfn Fortitude's seated posture and the folds of her clothing are copied directly from a modello Raphael had seen of Michelangelo's Moses.Шаблон:Sfn
Prominently seated in the center is Prudence. On her breast is an effigy of a winged Gorgon to ward off deceit and fraud. Janus-like, her head has two faces shown in profile. Her youthful feminine face looks forward into a mirror. This is an allegory of wisdom and knowledge of the present. The backward-facing visage of the old man peers into a past for sound judgment predicated on experience.Шаблон:Sfn His view is enhanced by the flaming torch held by a putto depicting Hope.Шаблон:Sfn
Temperance sits on the right. She holds the bridle of restraintШаблон:Sfn and is accompanied by a putto portraying Faith who points upward to heaven with his right hand.Шаблон:Sfn
The fourth cardinal virtue, Justice, isn't included in the scene. Instead, she is depicted holding scales and a sword in a tondo on the ceiling directly above the fresco.Шаблон:Sfn The more prominent position of Justice is explained by the emphasis Plato placed on this fourth virtue. He introduced it to ensure the other three cardinal virtues existed in harmony.Шаблон:Sfn
The other two frescoes found lower on the wall also portray scenes concerning the law. To the left of the window is a fresco designed by Raphael but executed by his studio. It depicts the Emperor Justinian receiving the civil code known as the Pandects of the Corpus Juris Civilis from Tribonian. To the right of the window, Pope Gregory IX (in the likeness of Pope Julius II) receives the code of canon law known as the Decretals from Raymond of Penyafort.Шаблон:Sfn
Gallery
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Virtues shown below Justice in the Stanza della Segnatura
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Detail of putto with a cornucopia
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Detail of Fortitude
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Detail of Prudence
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Detail of Temperance
See also
Notes
References
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External links
Шаблон:Raphael Шаблон:Authority control
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