Английская Википедия:French ironclad Turenne

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

Turenne was an ironclad barbette ship of the French Navy built in the 1870s and 1890s; she was the second and final member of the Шаблон:Sclass. Intended for service in the French colonial empire, she was designed as a "station ironclad", which were smaller versions of the first-rate vessels built for the main fleet. The Bayard class was a scaled down variant of Шаблон:Ship. They carried their main battery of four Шаблон:Cvt guns in open barbettes, two forward side-by-side and the other two aft on the centerline. Turenne was laid down in 1877 and was commissioned in 1882.

Design

Шаблон:Main

The Bayard class of barbette ships was designed in the late 1870s as part of a naval construction program that began under the post-Franco-Prussian War fleet plan of 1872. At the time, the French Navy categorized its capital ships as high-seas ships for the main fleet, station ironclads for use in the French colonial empire, and smaller coastal defense ships. The Bayard class was intended to serve in the second role, and they were based on the high-seas ironclad Шаблон:Ship, albeit a scaled-down version.Шаблон:Sfn

Turenne was Шаблон:Cvt long at the waterline, with a beam of Шаблон:Cvt and a draft of Шаблон:Cvt. She displaced Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:Sfn The crew numbered 20 officers and 430 enlisted men.Шаблон:Sfn Her propulsion machinery consisted of two compound steam engines with steam provided by eight coal-burning fire-tube boilers. Her engines were rated to produce Шаблон:Convert for a top speed of Шаблон:Convert. To supplement the steam engines on long voyages overseas, she was fitted with a full-ship rig.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Her main battery consisted of four Шаблон:Cvt, 19-caliber guns mounted in individual barbette mounts, two forward placed abreast and two aft, both on the centerline. She carried a pair of Шаблон:Cvt guns, one in the bow and one in the stern as chase guns. These guns were supported by a secondary battery of six Шаблон:Cvt guns carried in a central battery located amidships in the hull, three guns per broadside. For defense against torpedo boats, she carried four Шаблон:Cvt 3-pounder Hotchkiss revolver cannon and twelve Шаблон:Cvt 1-pounder Hotchkiss revolvers, all in individual mounts. The ship was protected with wrought iron armor; her belt was Шаблон:Cvt thick and extended for the entire length of the hull. The barbettes for the main battery were Шаблон:Cvt thick, and her main deck was Шаблон:Cvt thick.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Service history

Файл:French ironclad Turenne NH 74876.jpg
Turenne, date unknown; the photo was likely taken while she was in Algiers in March 1885.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction of Turenne began with her keel laying on 1 March 1877 in Lorient; her completed hull was launched on 16 October 1879, and fitting out work was completed in 1881, when she began sea trials that continued into the following year. She was commissioned on 4 February 1882. She was thereafter placed in reserve, remaining there for the next two years.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was recommissioned for active service in 1884.Шаблон:Sfn On 16 February 1884, Turenne was involved in experiments with marine gyroscopes at Brest.Шаблон:Sfn

The ship was deployed overseas in 1885 to join the Шаблон:Lang (Far East Squadron) to reinforce the unit during the Sino-French War. The unprotected cruisers Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship, and Шаблон:Ship, and several gunboats and smaller craft were sent along with Turenne. She departed Brest on 21 February and stopped in Algiers, French Algeria, on 3 March while en route. By 25 April, she had arrived on station in French Indochina, though a preliminary peace agreement had already been signed on 4 April, so Turenne saw no action during the war. Over the course of the ship's tour abroad over the next five years, she cruised extensively through East Asia, visiting numerous foreign ports,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and served as the flagship of the squadron.Шаблон:Sfn

By 1889, the unit consisted of Turenne, the flagship, the old unprotected cruiser Шаблон:Ship, the aviso Шаблон:Ship, and the gunboats Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship. Turenne embarked on her final such tour on 14 August 1889 in company with Vipère, stopping in Chefoo, China, and then Nagasaki, Japan, by 13 September. On 14 November, she visited Kobe, Japan, before returning to Chinese waters. Turenne met Chasseur in Hong Kong on 9 December. Five days later, the two ships departed to return to French Indochina, stopping first in Along Bay on 17 December and then proceeding to Saigon on 4 January 1890. They arrived there four days later and immediately began preparations for Turenne to return to France. She departed on 30 January, stopping in Singapore, Colombo, and Aden on the way. She reached the Suez Canal on 2 March, and after entering the Mediterranean Sea, stopped in Toulon, France, on 13 March. After staying there a week, she left for Cherbourg.Шаблон:Sfn She thereafter was placed in the second category of reserve, where she spent the next five years.Шаблон:Sfn

The ship took part in a training exercise for naval reservists in mid-1891; around 3,700 men were called up to take part in familiarization training and Turenne was activated to participate, along with the coastal defense ships Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:Ship, and Шаблон:Ship. They did not participate in formal maneuvers, and each vessel went to sea individually to train their crews.Шаблон:Sfn Turenne was placed in commission for special service in 1894, along with the unprotected cruiser Шаблон:Ship, the aviso Шаблон:Ship, and the gunboat Шаблон:Ship.Шаблон:Sfn In 1896, the contemporary journal The Naval Annual noted that the ship, along with the other station ironclads still in the French inventory, was "practically condemned" and would "shortly be struck off the list". She nevertheless remained in the navy's inventory as part of the second category of reserve, along with several old coastal defense ships and unprotected cruisers. They were retained in a state that allowed them to be mobilized in the event of a major war.Шаблон:Sfn The French government struck a number of old vessels from the naval estimates beginning in 1899, removing funding allocated to keep them up.Шаблон:Sfn Turenne was struck from the naval register on 4 September 1900 and she was later placed for sale at Cherbourg in 1901.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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References

Шаблон:Bayard-class ironclads Шаблон:French ironclads