Английская Википедия:Argiope appensa

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Argiope appensa, also referred to as the Hawaiian garden spider or banana spider, is an orb-weaving spider belonging to the family Araneidae.

Distribution and habitat

This species occurs on several islands in the western Pacific Ocean, in Hawaii and from Taiwan, Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea to Indonesia.

It has been introduced to all main islands of Hawaii. It inhabits a wide variety of habitats, from coasts to upland forests. During the rainy season from June to November, this species is common in sunny edge areas, such as along roadsides and cultivated area.

Description

This species shows an evident sexual dimorphism. The strikingly black and yellow females are Шаблон:Convert long, including legs, while the brown males reach only about Шаблон:Convert.

On Guam, where Argiope appensa is ubiquitous, it is frequently visited by Argyrodes argentatus, that steals food from the host. Following the brown tree snake and the subsequent extinction or near-extinction of many of the island's small birds, spider populations on Guam exploded in response to decreasing predation and competition. Nature writer David Quammen has called Argiope appensa "almost certainly one of the larger species" which were encountered in vast numbers during his research trip to Guam for the book The Song of the Dodo.

Biology

Argiope appensa construct webs mainly in bushes, between branches, and in human constructions. The webs are rather large and show a white zig-zag silk decoration developed from one corner to the center of the web. These decorations, usually called stabilimenta, could be a warning device to prevent birds from inadvertently destroying the web.

Gallery

• Community of multi-generational Argiope appensa on the Big Island of Hawaii

  Community of multi-generational Argiope appensa on the Big Island of Hawaii

• Mature female being handled in Hilo, Hawaii

  Mature female being handled in Hilo, Hawaii

• Mature female (ventral view) and male (dorsal)

  Mature female (ventral view) and male (dorsal)

• Side view of female

  Side view of female

• Female in Kauai Jungle, Hawaii

  Female in Kauai Jungle, Hawaii

• Female of Argiope appensa in Hawaii, ventral view. Video clip

  Female of Argiope appensa in Hawaii, ventral view. Video clip

References

• Walckenaer, C. A. (1842): Histoire naturelle des Insects. Aptères. Paris, 2: 1-549.