Английская Википедия:Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox cemetery Hollywood Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 412 South Cherry Street in the Oregon Hill neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia. It was established in 1847 and designed by the landscape architect John Notman. It is 135-acres in size and overlooks the James River. It is the only cemetery other than Arlington National Cemetery that contains the burials of two United States Presidents, James Monroe and John Tyler.

Due to Richmond's role as capital of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, the cemetery contains the burials of many government officials of the confederacy including president Jefferson Davis and secretary of war James A. Seddon. Hollywood contains the burials of 25 Confederate States Army officers including generals J.E.B. Stuart, Fitzhugh Lee and George Pickett. The cemetery contains the remains of over 11,000 confederate soldiers, the largest number buried in one cemetery. They are memorialized by the Monument of the Confederate War Dead, a 90-foot tall granite pyramid built in 1869. The cemetery is considered the unofficial National Confederate Cemetery and has hosted ceremonies commemorating Confederate Memorial Day since 1866. Hollywood Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

Description

The cemetery is in the Oregon Hill neighborhood of Richmond.Шаблон:Sfn It is 135 acres in size[1] and overlooks the James River.Шаблон:Sfn It is one of the most visited cemeteries in Virginia.[2]

Presidents Circle

Hollywood Cemetery is the only cemetery besides Arlington National Cemetery that contains the burial of two U.S. Presidents.[3]

President James Monroe was originally interred in Marble Cemetery in New York City when he died in 1831.Шаблон:Sfn Virginia petitioned to have his remains reinterred to Hollywood Cemetery. The Gothic Revival James Monroe Tomb monument designed by Albert Lybrock resembles a bird cage surrounding a simple granite sarcophagus.Шаблон:Sfn It was built in the Presidents Circle section of the cemeteryШаблон:Sfn and dedicated by Virginia governor Henry A. Wise on July 5, 1858. The monument was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.Шаблон:Sfn

President John Tyler was buried in the Presidents Circle section of the cemetery in 1862 and a monument was dedicated by Congress in 1915. His death was not recognized in Washington, D.C., due to his allegiance to the confederacy. His burial ceremony was escorted by Jefferson DavisШаблон:Sfn and address given by Armistead C. Gordon.[4]

Confederate president Jefferson Davis died in 1889. He was initially interred in Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans,[3] and reinterred to Hollywood Cemetery in 1893.Шаблон:Sfn A life-size statue made of bronze sculpted by George Julian Zolnay[3] was added near his grave.[5]

Monument of Confederate War Dead

The women of the Hollywood Memorial Association placed the Monument of Confederate War Dead on the top of a hill so it would be the first thing visitors see when they enter the cemetery.
The Monument of Confederate War Dead

In 1869, a Шаблон:Convert high granite pyramid designed by Charles H. Dimmock was built as a memorial to the more than 11,000 enlisted men of the Confederate Army buried in the cemetery.[6] The monument is made of roughly cut James River granite blocks.[7] The monument is inscribed with text in Latin that translates to, "In eternal memory of those who stood for God and Country."[3] It was a project supported by the Hollywood Ladies' Memorial Association, a group of Southern women dedicated to honoring and caring for the burial sites of fallen Confederate soldiers.[8]

The pyramid became a symbol of the Hollywood Memorial Association, appearing on its stationery as well as on the front of a pamphlet of buried soldiers, the Register of the Confederate Dead.[9]

History

William Byrd III, a wealthy planter, politician and military officer, was facing financial problems and divided his estate in Richmond known as the Belvidere into several plots 100-acres in size for sale. The Harvie family bought several of these lots which became known as "Harvie's Woods."Шаблон:Sfn

In 1847, Joshua J. Fry and William H. Haxall, visited Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston, Massachusetts. They were impressed with Mount Auburn and proposed the creation of a similar rural cemetery in Richmond.[10] It was through their efforts and the subsequent cooperation of local citizens that Hollywood Cemetery was created.Шаблон:Sfn

Fry, Haxall, and 40 other prominent Richmond citizens[11] purchased 42 acres[3] from Lewis E. Harvie on June 3, 1847, for $4,075 to establish the cemetery.[10] The founders hired John Notman, who was the landscape architect for Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, to design the cemetery in the rural garden style.[12] It was originally planned to be named Mount Vernon Cemetery,[3] however Notman proposed the name Hollywood[11] due to the abundance of holly trees on the property.Шаблон:Sfn Oliver P. Baldwin[13] delivered the dedication address in 1849.[14]

Hollywood Cemetery became so popular, that by the mid-1850s, the city of Richmond implemented an omnibus to transport visitors there every afternoon. A streetcar line was added in the 1860s.[3]

American Civil War

At the outbreak of the American Civil War, the cemetery directors set aside two acres for confederate soldier burials which became known as the Soldiers' Section. Richmond citizens became outraged when they learned that soldiers that died in local hospitals were buried in potter's fields. In response to the outrage, the city increased the number of burials of dead soldiers at Hollywood and established Oakwood Cemetery across town for additional burials.Шаблон:Sfn

The initial two acres assigned for soldier burials became full by July 1862 and the cemetery purchased additional land funded by the confederate government. By April 1865, the cemetery contained more than 11,000 confederate soldiers, which accounted for more than half of the total burials in the cemetery.Шаблон:Sfn After the war, the Ladies' Memorial Association worked to reinter 2,935 confederate soldiers from Gettysburg to Hollywood Cemetery. Confederate Civil War veterans continued to be buried in the cemetery into the 1900s.[3]

The cemetery claims to contain the burial of 18,000 confederate soldiers, however researchers believe the number is actually several thousand lower.[1] It is the largest single burial location of confederate soldiers.Шаблон:Sfn It contains the burials of 25 Confederate Army officers including J.E.B. Stuart, Fitzhugh Lee and George Pickett.Шаблон:Sfn The cemetery is unofficially considered the Confederate National Cemetery.Шаблон:Sfn

Confederate Memorial Day

Шаблон:Main On May 31, 1866, Hollywood Cemetery held its first Confederate Memorial Day celebration, and over 20,000 people were in attendance.Шаблон:Sfn The celebrations "became imbued with cultural and religious symbolism that underscored the gravity of what it meant to be a southerner."[15]

The second Confederate Memorial Day celebration in 1867 at Hollywood Cemetery differed greatly from the one the year before. There were fewer marches and military bands and more women and children in attendance.[16]

Other history

In 1876, the Gothic Revival stone structure designed to look like a ruined medieval tower was built at the entrance to house the chapel, office and receiving vault.Шаблон:Sfn In 1915, the original entrance was closed and the present one was opened to better facilitate cars.[17]

The cemetery expanded in 1877 with the purchase of an additional thirty-three acres along the river.Шаблон:Sfn

On November 12, 1969, Hollywood Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[11]

Файл:Interior of Palmer Chapel, Hollywood Cemetery.jpg
Interior of Palmer Chapel Mausoleum at Hollywood Cemetery

The Palmer Chapel Mausoleum was built 1992, adding 730 crypts for caskets and 160 cremation niches.[18]

There are many local legends surrounding certain tombs and grave sites in the cemetery. One interesting grave of Florence Rees, a girl that died at 3 years old in 1862 of scarlet fever. The grave includes a cast-iron statue of a dog that stands watch over her.[5] A local legend claims the statue was moved to the cemetery to prevent it from being melted down and used for bullets in the Civil War.[19] There is also the legend of Richmond Vampire which purports that William Wortham Pool, buried in the cemetery, was a vampire.[20]

In 2020, Hollywood Cemetery's board of directors quietly banned the display of Confederate flags in the cemetery due to its connection as a symbol of racism and the potential to provoke vandalism.[1]

A place rich in history, legend, and gothic landscape, Hollywood Cemetery is also frequented by many of the local students attending Virginia Commonwealth University.Шаблон:Sfn

Notable burials

Шаблон:Main

Gallery

See also

References

Citations Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:James Monroe Шаблон:John Tyler Шаблон:National Register of Historic Places in Virginia Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ Шаблон:CitationШаблон:Cbignore
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Alfred L. Brophy, "The Road to the Gettysburg Address," Florida State University Law Review 43 (2016):831-905.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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