Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:120-PM-43 mortar

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name=M1943 Mortar
|image=120 mm regimental mortar M1943.jpg
|image_size=300
|caption=120mm PM-43 mortar
|origin=Soviet Union
|type=Mortar
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=
|is_bladed=
|is_explosive=
|is_artillery=yes
|is_vehicle=
|is_UK=
<!-- Service history -->
|service=
|used_by=
|wars=[[Eastern Front (World War II)]]<br />[[Korean War]]<ref name="Korea">{{cite book|title=Korean War Order of Battle: United States, United Nations, and Communist Ground, Naval, and Air Forces, 1950-1953|first=Gordon L.|last=Rottman|page=198|date=December 2002|publisher=Praeger|isbn=978-0-275-97835-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NpOp2OO1-DAC&pg=PA198|access-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209123838/https://books.google.fr/books?id=NpOp2OO1-DAC&pg=PA198|archive-date=2018-12-09|url-status=live}}</ref><br>[[Vietnam War]]<ref name ="NVA">{{cite book|title=North Vietnamese Army Soldier 1958–75|series=Warrior 135|first=Gordon L. |last=Rottman|date= 10 Feb 2009|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|isbn=9781846033711|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iC21CwAAQBAJ|page=32}}</ref><br>[[Lebanese Civil War]]<br />[[Soviet–Afghan War]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Soviet Paratrooper vs Mujahideen Fighter: Afghanistan 1979–89|series=Combat 29|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|first=David |last=Campbell|date=30 Nov 2017|isbn=9781472817648|pages=19, 77}}</ref><br>[[Gulf War]]<br>[[South Sudanese Civil War]]{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=492}}
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=
|design_date=
|manufacturer=
|production_date=
|number=
|variants=
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight= {{convert|275|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|length=
|part_length=
|width=
|height=
|crew= 6
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=
|caliber={{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}}
|action=
|rate= 9 rpm maximum, 70 rds/hr sustained
|velocity={{convert|272|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} Frag-HE & HE
|range={{convert|5700|m|yd|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|500|m|yd|abbr=on}} minimum
|max_range=
|feed=
|sights=
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
|breech=muzzle loaded
|recoil=
|carriage=
|elevation= +45° to +80°
|traverse=
<!-- Bladed weapon specifications -->
|blade_type=
|hilt_type=
|sheath_type=
|head_type=
|haft_type=
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
|diameter=
|filling=
|filling_weight=
|detonation=
|yield=
<!-- Vehicle specifications -->
|armour=
|primary_armament=
|secondary_armament=
|engine=
|engine_power=
|pw_ratio=
|suspension=
|vehicle_range=
|speed=
}}

The '''M1943 Mortar''' or '''120-PM-43''' ({{lang-ru|120-'''П'''олевой '''М'''иномёт-43}}) or the '''120-mm mortar Model 1943''' ({{lang-ru|120-мм миномет обр. 1943 г.}}), also known as the '''SAMOVAR''', is a [[Soviet]] 120 millimeter calibre smoothbore mortar first introduced in 1943 as a modified version of the [[M1938 mortar]].<ref name="Encyclopedie">{{cite encyclopedia|title=120-HM 38|language=fr |encyclopedia =Encyclopédie des armes : Les forces armées du monde|publisher=Atlas|year=1986|pages=2042–2043|volume=IX|number=103. Armes de soutien d'infanterie 1939-1945}}</ref> It virtually replaced the M1938 as the standard weapon for mortar batteries in all Soviet infantry battalions by the late 1980s, though the armies of the [[Warsaw Pact]] utilised both in their forces.<ref name="FM-100-2-3">US Army, ''FM 100-2-3 The Soviet Army: Troops, Organization and Equipment'', 5–60</ref>

== Design ==
This muzzle-loading mortar can be easily broken down into three parts – barrel, bipod and baseplate – for movement over short distances or towed by a [[GAZ-66]] truck on a two-wheel tubular carriage. The baseplate mounting permits all-azimuth firing, however as with most Soviet mortars it was difficult to turn rapidly over a wide traverse. It could accommodate small-angle shifts of up to 6 degrees without having to shift the baseplate though.<ref name="FM-100-2-3"/>

== Variants ==
It was copied in [[China]] as the '''Type 53''' mortar.<ref name="Janes Type 53">{{cite encyclopedia|title=120 mm Type 53 mortar|encyclopedia=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003|url=https://archive.org/details/Janes_Infantry_Weapons/page/n1295|pages=1295–1296|date=15 March 1992}}</ref> A more robust but heavier version, the '''Type 55''', was developed by [[Norinco]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=NORINCO 120 mm Type 55 mortar|encyclopedia=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003|url=https://archive.org/details/Janes_Infantry_Weapons/page/n1295|pages=1295–1296|date=4 June 2001}}</ref>
Egypt also produced a locally modified variant, the '''Helwan Model UK 2'''.<ref name="Janes Helwan">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Helwan 120 mm Model UK 2 heavy mortar|encyclopedia=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003|url=https://archive.org/details/Janes_Infantry_Weapons/page/n1617|pages=1617–1618|date=4 June 2001}}</ref>
An improved version called the [[2B11 Sani]] was also produced by the Soviets and, in combination with the [[2B9 Vasilek]], was being used to phase out the M1943 from service.<ref name="FM-100-2-3"/>

== Users ==
[[File:120-PM-43 mortar Users.png|thumb|A map with nations that use the 120-PM-43 mortar in blue]]
{{Div col}}
* {{flag|Afghanistan}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Afghanistan, Arms and Conflict: Armed Groups, Disarmament and Security in a Post-War Society|first1=Michael Vinai|last1=Bhatia|first2=Mark|last2=Sedra|publisher=[[Routledge]]|editor=Small Arms Survey|editor-link=Small Arms Survey|isbn=978-0-415-45308-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4N9AgAAQBAJ|page=66|date=May 2008|access-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901145604/https://books.google.fr/books?id=P4N9AgAAQBAJ|archive-date=2018-09-01|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Albania}}<ref name="Janes 2002">{{cite encyclopedia|title=120 mm M-43 mortar|encyclopedia=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003|url=https://archive.org/details/Janes_Infantry_Weapons/page/n3681|pages=3682–3683|date=4 June 2001}}</ref>
* {{flag|Algeria}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=320}}
* {{flag|Bangladesh}}: Type 53 variant<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=National inventories, Bangladesh|encyclopedia=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001-2002|url=https://archive.org/details/Janes_Infantry_Weapons/page/n819|page=819|date=22 November 2000}}</ref>
* {{BWA}}: 6{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=431}}
* {{BFA}}: 12<ref name="armstrade.sipri.org">{{Cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|title=Trade Registers|website=armstrade.sipri.org}}</ref>
* {{CAM}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=239}}
* {{CPV}}: 6{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=435}}
* {{CAF}}: 12 in store{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=436}}
* {{flag|China}}: Manufactured as ''Type 53'' and ''Type 55''<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* {{COG}}: 28{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=438}}
* {{CUB}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=393}}
* {{flag|Czech Republic}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* {{flag|Egypt}}: PM-43{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=324}} and Helwan Model UK 2<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* {{GUI}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=449}}
* {{GNB}}: 8{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=450}}
* {{GUY}}: 18{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=400}}
* {{flag|Hungary}}: 1 {{as of|lc=yes|2016}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=107}}
* {{flag|Iraq}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/><ref name ="gulf">{{cite book|title=Armies of the Gulf War|url=https://archive.org/details/armiesgulfwar00rott|url-access=limited|series= Elite 45 |first= Gordon L.|last= Rottman|date=1993|isbn= 9781855322776|publisher=Osprey Publishing|page=[https://archive.org/details/armiesgulfwar00rott/page/n48 49]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref name ='SAS 2012 4'>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2012/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2012-Chapter-04-EN.pdf|chapter=Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms|title=Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2012|author=Small Arms Survey|author-link=Small Arms Survey|page=131|isbn=978-0-521-19714-4|access-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002411/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|archive-date=2018-08-31|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{PRK}}<ref name="Weapon">{{cite book|title=North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition|chapter=120mm M-1943 Mortar|page=A-91|author=US Department of Defense|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf|access-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111733/http://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=265}}
* {{LAO}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=271}}
* {{LBY}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Tracking Arms Transfers By The UAE, Russia, Jordan And Egypt To The Libyan National Army Since 2014 |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/06/types-of-arms-and-equipment-supplied-to.html |website=Oryx Blog |date=23 March 2021}}</ref>
* {{MDG}}: 8<ref name="IISS">{{cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]]|date=2021|title=The Military Balance|page=473|isbn=9781032012278}}</ref>
* {{MOZ}}: 12{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=458}}
* {{MYA}}: Type 53 variant{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=276}}
* {{flag|Nepal}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=277}}
* {{NIC}}: 24{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=406}}
* {{PAK}}: Type 53 variant<ref name="Janes Type 53"/>
* {{ROM}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* {{flag|Russia}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* {{flag|Slovakia}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* {{flag|South Sudan}}: Type 55{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=469}}
* {{flag|Sudan}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=471}}
* {{flag|Sri Lanka}}{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=289}}
* {{flag|Syria}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=354}}
* {{flag|Tanzania}}: Type 53 variant<ref name="Janes Type 53"/>
* {{flag|Vietnam}}: PM-43, Type 53 and Type 55<ref name="Janes Type 53"/><ref name="Janes 2002"/>{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=297}}
* {{ZWE}}: 6{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=478}}
{{Div col end}}

=== Former users ===
* {{flag|East Germany}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Humanitarian Operation Factual Analysis July 2006 – May 2009 |publisher=Ministry Of Defence Democratic Socialist Republic Of Sri Lanka |url=http://slembassyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Sri-Lankan-Humanitarian-Operation-Factual-Analysis.pdf |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>
* {{flag|South Yemen}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* {{flag|Soviet Union}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>
* {{flag|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}}<ref name="Janes 2002"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2016|date=February 2016|volume=116|isbn=9781857438352 |publisher=Routlegde|ref={{harvid|The Military Balance 2016}}|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911031047/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/M-43-120-mm-mortar-Russian-Federation.html M-43 120 mm mortar (Russian Federation), Mortars] – Jane's Infantry Weapons

{{SovMortarsGPW}}

[[Category:World War II infantry mortars of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Cold War artillery of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:120mm mortars]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1943]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]