Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:140 New Montgomery

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Infobox building
| name               = 140 New Montgomery
| image              = 140 New Montgomery from Salesforce Park.jpg
| caption            = From Salesforce Park in April 2021
| former_names       = <small>{{bulletedlist|The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company Building|The Pacific Bell Building}}</small>
|alternate_names    = <small>{{bulletedlist|The Pacific Telephone Building|The Telephone Building|Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. Coast Division Offices}}</small>
| location           = {{plainlist|
* {{nowrap|140 [[New Montgomery Street]]}}
* [[San Francisco]], [[California]]}}
| coordinates        = {{coord|37.7868194444444|-122.399905555556|format=dms|region:US-CA_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map        = United States San Francisco Central
| highest_region     = San Francisco
| current_tenants    = [[Yelp]]
| highest_prev       = [[225 Bush Street]]
| highest_next       = [[Russ Building]]
| completion_date    = 1925
| start_date         = {{Start date and age|1924|01|01}}
| opened_date        = May 30, 1925
| building_type      = [[Mixed-use development|Mixed-use]]
| height             = 
| architectural      = {{convert|132.7|m|abbr=off|order=flip||sp=us|lk=on}} 
| tip                = {{convert|140.2|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} 
| antenna_spire      = {{convert|140.2|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} 
| roof               = {{convert|132.6|m|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| top_floor          = {{convert|125.9|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} 
| other_dimensions   = {{convert|147.00|ft|abbr=on}} length x {{convert|160.00|ft|abbr=on}} width
| floor_count        = 26
| elevator_count     = 10
| cost       = {{USD|4 million|link=yes}} (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|4|1925|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}})
| floor_area         = {{convert|295000|sqft|abbr=on}}
| architect       = {{plainlist|
* [[James Rupert Miller|James R. Miller]]
* [[Timothy L. Pflueger]]
* {{nowrap|A. A. (Alexander Aimwell) Cantin}}}}<ref name=":1"/>
| architecture_firm   = [[Miller and Pflueger]]
| architectural_style = [[Art Deco]]
| structural_system  = steel
| owner              = Pembroke Real Estate Inc.
| management         = 
| renovation_date    = 1980s ([[facade|façade]])
| designations = {{flatlist|
* San Francisco Category I Historic Building
* [[Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design#Certification_level|LEED Gold]]}}
| website            = {{URL|https://140nm.com/|140NM.com}}
| references         = <ref name="Emp1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/118764 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061629/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/118764 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |title=Emporis building ID 118764 |work=[[Emporis]]}}</ref><ref>{{skyscraperpage|1100|title=PacBell Building}}</ref><ref>{{Structurae|id=20009332|title=Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/140-new-montgomery-street/12796|title=140 New Montgomery Street — The Skyscraper Center|website=SkyscraperCenter.com|language=en-US|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Pembroke">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pembroke.com/north-america/140-new-montgomery|title=140 New Montgomery — San Francisco — North America|website=Pembroke.com|language=en-US|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="CalifDigitalLib">{{Cite web|url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt7b69r95s/entire_text/|title=Inventory of the A.A. and A.M. Cantin Collection, 1933-1977|website=OAC.CdLib.org|language=en-US|quote="Alexander (Aimwell) Cantin was born March 4, 1876, and died in 1964. He is possibly best known for designing a series of Pacific Telephone and Telegraph buildings in San Francisco and collaborated with the firm of Miller and Pflueger on the 26-story, Coast Division Building of the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company at 140 New Montgomery Street."|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="SFgate_Bday" /><ref name="TimothyPflueger">{{Cite web|url=https://140nm.com/design/then/architect/|title=Timothy Pflueger — Architect — Then — Design|website=140NM.com|language=en-US|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703190142/https://140nm.com/design/then/architect/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="AAcantinArchives">{{Cite web|url=https://archives.ced.berkeley.edu/collections/cantin-alexander-mackenzie|title=Cantin, Alexander & Mackenzie — Environmental Design Archives, College of Environmental Design, University of California, Berkeley|website=Archives.CED.Berkeley.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="PolettiGooogleBooks">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcUhJJJwCoIC&pg=PA59|title=Art Deco San Francisco: The Architecture of Timothy Pflueger|last1=Poletti|first1=Therese|last2=Pavia|first2=Tom|date=3 September 2008|publisher=[[Princeton Architectural Press]]|location=New York|edition=1st|pages=59–79|isbn=978-1-56898-756-9|oclc=191732382|language=en-US|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="HABS_CA-2870">{{HABS|survey=CA-2870|id=ca3887|title=Pacific Telephone Building, 140 New Montgomery Street|photos=25|data=4|cap=3}}</ref><ref name="CTUBH2015">{{Cite journal|url=http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/2097-sustaining-a-historic-high-rise-structure.pdf|title=Retrofit / Seismic: Sustaining a Historic High-Rise Structure|last1=Mahjoub|first1=Nina A.|last2=Stringer|first2=Megan|last3=Tremayne|first3=Bill|journal=CTUBH Journal|date=2015|issue=1|pages=34–39|publisher=[[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat]]|location=Chicago, IL|jstor=ctbuhj|issn=1946-1186|oclc=183595840|language=en-US|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>
}}

'''140 New Montgomery Street''' is a 26-[[Storey|floor]]  [[Art Deco]] [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] office tower located in [[San Francisco]]'s [[South of Market, San Francisco|South of Market district]], close to the [[St. Regis Museum Tower]] and the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]].<ref name="Emp1"/> Constructed in 1925 as a modern headquarters for [[Pacific Bell|The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co.]], it was originally known as '''The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company Building''' or simply the '''Telephone Building''','''<ref name="Emp1" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Poletti |first=Therese |date=2009-01-03 |title=On Hold in San Francisco. How the Economic Crisis Has Stalled the Renovation of the City's Telephone Building |url=http://www.preservationnation.org/magazine/story-of-the-week/2009/san-francisco-telephone-building.html |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=[[Preservation (magazine)|Preservation]] |archive-date=2015-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610211300/http://www.preservationnation.org/magazine/story-of-the-week/2009/san-francisco-telephone-building.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>''' and, after 1984, as '''The Pacific Bell Building''' or''' The PacBell Building'''.{{Cn|date=May 2023}}

When it opened on May 30, 1925, The Pacific Telephone Building was San Francisco's first significant [[skyscraper]] development, and was the tallest building in San Francisco, until the [[Russ Building]] matched its height in 1927 at the time of its completion.<ref name="Emp1"/><ref name="PolettiGooogleBooks" /><ref name="HABS_CA-2870" /> The building was the first high-rise south of Market Street, and along with the Russ Building, remained the city's tallest until it was overtaken by [[650 California Street]] in 1964.  It was the first high rise located on the [[West Coast of the United States|west coast]] to be occupied solely by a single tenant.<ref name="HABS_CA-2870" />

[[AT&T Corporation|AT&T]] sold the building in 2007. As of 2013, [[Internet]] company [[Yelp, Inc.|Yelp]] was the main tenant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://news.theregistrysf.com/yelp-occupies-140-new-montgomery/|title=Yelp Occupies 140 New Montgomery|last=Simonson|first=Sharon|date=19 August 2013|website=TheRegistrySF.com|language=en-US|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite work|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/118778/russ-building-san-francisco-ca-usa|title=Russ Building, San Francisco|work=[[Emporis]]|language=en|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref> Yelp moved out in 2021 following a rise in remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

==History==
The building was designed to consolidate numerous smaller buildings and outdated offices into a modern headquarters for [[Pacific Bell|The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co.]], and as a result, was designated as the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. Coast Division Offices by the company, though referred to colloquially as ''The Telephone Building''.<ref name="SFmuseum">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist8/140telco.html|last=Smith|first=Richard C.|title=The News Letter and the Telephone|work=San Francisco News Letter|date=September 1925|edition=Diamond Jubilee|via=[[San Francisco Museum and Historical Society|Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco]]|language=en-US|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="PolettiGooogleBooks" />

The building's architecture was influenced by [[Eliel Saarinen's Tribune Tower design]], in particular regarding the setbacks on the higher floors.<ref name=":1"/>

In reference to the [[Bell System]] - which The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. was a member of at the time of construction - the [[façade]] featured bell motifs in many locations, most notably surrounding the arch over the main entrance doors on [[New Montgomery Street]]. The decorations near the base and in the lobby also include references to the [[candlestick telephone]] and the [[pneumatic tube]], some of the most modern communication technologies in use at the time.<ref name=":1" /> After the [[breakup of the Bell System]] (AT&T) in 1984,<ref name="NYT1984">{{Cite news |last=Pollack |first=Andrew |date=1 January 1984 |title=Bell System Breakup Opens Era of Great Expectations and Great Concern |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/01/us/bell-system-breakup-opens-era-of-great-expectations-and-great-concern.html |access-date=2023-05-23 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and the formation the [[Regional Bell Operating Company|Regional Bell Operating Companies]], also known as the Baby Bells, Pacific Telephone changed its name to [[Pacific Bell]].

Statues of eight eagles (each {{convert|13|ft|m}} in height) perch atop the tower's crown.<ref name="Bevk 2012-03-08">{{cite web|last=Bevk|first=Alex|title=Pacific Telephone Building Scraps Plans For Condos, Moves On To Office Space|url=http://sf.curbed.com/archives/2012/03/08/pacific_telephone_building_scraps_plans_for_condos_moves_on_to_office_space.php|website=SF.curbed,com|access-date=7 December 2013|date=8 March 2012|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008133033/http://sf.curbed.com/archives/2012/03/08/pacific_telephone_building_scraps_plans_for_condos_moves_on_to_office_space.php|archive-date=2012-10-08|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Dineen 2013-08-22">{{cite work|last=Dineen|first=J. K.|title=Sneak peek: Yelp's new San Francisco HQ set to open|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/2013/08/sneak-peak-yelp-new-san-francisco-hq.html?page=all|work=San Francisco Business Times|access-date=7 December 2013|date=22 August 2013|language=en-US}}</ref>  The building has an ''L''—shaped floor plan, and the architecture decoratively incorporates spotlights to show the exterior's terra cotta ornamentation day and night.<ref name="SFmuseum" />

In 1929, Sir [[Winston Churchill]] visited the building and made his first [[Transatlantic telephone cable|transatlantic telephone call]], phoning his [[London]] home.<ref name="Churchill">{{Cite magazine|url=https://140nm.com/wp-content/themes/140nm/pdf/churchill.pdf|title=Noted Statesman visits Telephone Building|date=September 1929|magazine=The Pacific Telephone Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703190845/https://140nm.com/wp-content/themes/140nm/pdf/churchill.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="LonelyPlanet">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/san-francisco/attractions/pacific-telephone-telegraph-company-building/a/poi-sig/1569327/361858|title=Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company Building — San Francisco, USA Attractions|website=LonelyPlanet.com|language=en|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="SFgate_Bday">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Pac-Bell-Rings-In-70th-Birthday-of-S-F-3022020.php|title=Pac Bell Rings In 70th Birthday of S.F. Headquarters|last=Nolte|first=Carl|date=20 October 1995|website=SFgate.com|language=en-US|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>

For 44 years until 1978, the top of the roof was used to convey official storm warnings to sailors at the direction of the United States [[National Weather Service]], in the form of a {{convert|25|ft|m|abbr=off}} long triangular red flag by day, and a red light at night.<ref name="SFgate_Bday" />

The [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake]] did only minor damage to the building, affecting parts of the [[terracotta]] cladding and requiring the eight eagle sculptures to be replaced with fiberglass replicas.'''<ref name=":1" />'''

=== In the 21st century ===
In 2006, AT&T moved out of the building, following its merger with SBC Communications.<ref name=":1" /> In 2007, the PacBell Building was sold by AT&T to [[Stockbridge Capital Group]] and Wilson Meany Sullivan for {{USD|118 million|link=yes}}.<ref name="Bearings">{{Cite work|title=An Abandoned Skyscraper: The Pac Bell Building|url=http://www.terrastories.com/bearings/pac-bell-san-francisco|last=Haeber|first=Jonathan M.|work=Bearings|date=22 June 2009 |language=en-US|publisher=Chronicas Media|location=Richmond, California|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref> In 2008, the new owners filed plans to convert the tower into 118 luxury condominiums. However, those plans were put on hold during the [[Financial crisis of 2007–2008|2008 financial crisis]], and the building sat empty for nearly six years.<ref name="wsj">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204520204577249961903936938|title=New Call by Developer on Historic Tower
|last=Poletti|first=Therese|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=7 March 2012|language=en-US|access-date=9 December 2012|quote=A historic skyscraper in downtown San Francisco, the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph building, empty for almost six years, is about to become a hub of construction activity as a {{USD|50 million|link=yes}}–plus modernization project begins. ... This is a new strategy from the developer, which in 2008 filed plans to turn the tower, also known as the Telephone Building, into 118 luxury condominiums, at an estimated cost of {{USD|80 million}} to {{USD|100 million}}.}}</ref>

Following a surge in office demand in 2010–2011, Wilson Meany Sullivan changed the plans back to office space.<ref name="wsj"/> Major renovation work began in February 2012, to improve the building's seismic performance, install all–new mechanical, electric, plumbing and fire sprinkler systems, and preserve and restore the building's historic lobby, at an estimated cost of {{USD|80–100 million}}.<ref name="140 Project Website">{{cite web|title=140 New Montgomery|url=http://www.140NM.com|website=140NM.com|date=2012|language=en-US|access-date=3 April 2012}}</ref> In 2012, Yelp announced it had signed a lease on the building's {{convert|100000|sqft|sqm}} of office space through 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2012%2F05%2F09%2FBUC11OFIV6.DTL&tsp=1|title=Yelp signs Pacific Telephone Building lease to 2020|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=9 May 2012|language=en-US}}</ref> After two expansions, the company held a total of almost {{convert|150000|sqft|sqm}} on 13 floors in the fall 2015.<ref name=":0" />

In April 2016, Pembroke Real Estate Inc., a [[Boston]]–based [[Real estate investment trust|REIT]], acquired 140 New Montgomery as part of its portfolio — its second acquisition in San Francisco.<ref name="Pembroke" /><ref>{{Cite work|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=36395263|title=Company Overview of Pembroke Real Estate Inc.|work=[[Bloomberg Markets]]|language=en-US|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="biz2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2016/12/15/soma-foundry-square-san-francisco-tishman-jpm.html|url-access=limited|last=Li|first=Roland|title=Developers double their money with $350 million SoMA office sale|date=15 December 2016|work=San Francisco Business Times|language=en-US|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="biz2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2017/03/23/real-deals-wilson-meany-140-montgomery.html|url-access=limited|last=Li|first=Roland|title=Wilson Meany sells a revamped, historic gem (video)|date=24 March 2017|work=San Francisco Business Times|language=en-US|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref> According to property records, Pembroke paid {{USD|284 million|link=yes}} for the property, at around {{USD|962}} per square foot.<ref name="biz2016" /><ref name="biz2017" />

In 2021, Yelp did not renew its 2011 lease, and instead subleased a smaller space at nearby [[350 Mission Street]], due to the rise of remote work in the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Roland |date=2021-11-05 |title=Former Yelp headquarters in attracts 6 new tenants as S.F. office market continues recovery |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/tech/article/Former-Yelp-HQ-in-S-F-attracts-six-new-tenants-16596261.php |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=San Francisco Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> As of May 2023, during what the San Francisco Chronicle described as "Downtown San Francisco['s] worst office vacancy crisis on record," the building had a vacancy rate of 32.9%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Roland |last2=Devulapalli |first2=Sriharsha |date=2023-05-08 |title=Downtown S.F. has 18.4 million square feet of empty office space. We mapped every vacancy |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/downtown-empty-offices-business-tech-17911258.php |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=San Francisco Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref>

{{Gallery|File:PacBell Building, San Francisco.jpg|140 New Montgomery entrance|File:Eagles-on-Top-of-Pac-Bell-Building-643px.jpg|140 New Montgomery eagles|File:Yerba-Buena-Gardens-MOMA.jpg|The building as seen from [[Yerba Buena Gardens]], rising behind the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]]|File:140 New Montgomery Street (PacBell Building) seen from Mission Street - cropped, perspective transformed.jpg|View from [[Market Street (San Francisco)|Market Street]]}}

==See also==
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}
*[[South of Market, San Francisco]] (SOMA)
*[[Russ Building]]
*[[List of tallest buildings in San Francisco]]

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Structurae|id=20009332|title=Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co.}}
* [http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/140-new-montgomery-street/12796 140 New Montgomery Street] at the [[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat]]'s ''The Skyscraper Center''
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/118764 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061629/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/118764 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |title=Emporis building ID 118764 |work=[[Emporis]]}}
* {{skyscraperpage|1100|title=PacBell Building}}
* [https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/90.31 ''Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. Building''] by [[James Rupert Miller|James R. Miller]], 1924, architectural drawing, charcoal and graphite on paper, at the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]]
* {{Cite web|url=http://the140story.com/|title=140 New Montgomery — The 140 Story|website=The140story.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-17|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510010600/https://the140story.com/|url-status=dead}}
*[http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/dBuildings+--+Pacific+Telephone+%26+Telegraph./dbuildings+pacific+telephone+and+telegraph/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CE/2exact&FF=dbuildings+pacific+telephone+and+telegraph&1%2C70%2C Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company Building photographs] for multiple San Francisco locations at the [[San Francisco Public Library]]
* {{Cite magazine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/03/a-26-story-history-of-san-francisco/284467/|title=A 26-Story History of San Francisco|last=Madrigal|first=Alexis C.|date=19 March 2014|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en-US}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{South of Market, San Francisco}}
{{Buildings in California timeline}}
{{Buildings in San Francisco timeline}}
{{Buildings in San Francisco}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1925]]
[[Category:Art Deco architecture in California]]
[[Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in California]]
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in San Francisco]]
[[Category:South of Market, San Francisco]]
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