Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:1973 Nantes mid-air collision

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Mid-air collision over France in 1973}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Aircraft accident
| name = Iberia Flight 504<br/>Spantax Flight 400
| date = 5 March 1973
| type = [[Mid-air collision]] caused by [[Air traffic control|ATC]] error
| occurrence_type = Accident
| site = [[Nantes]], France
| total_fatalities = 68
| total_survivors = 107
| plane1_image = Iberia DC-9-32; EC-BIM, August 1968 ALG (5127275604).jpg
| plane1_caption = An Iberia DC-9-32, similar to the one involved
| plane1_type = [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]-32
<ref name="Spotters">{{cite web |url=http://www.planespotters.net/Production_List/McDonnell-Douglas/DC-9/47077,EC-BII-Iberia.php |title=EC-BII Iberia McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 - cn 47077 / ln 148 - Planespotters.net Just Aviation |publisher=Planespotters.net |access-date=18 August 2014 |archive-date=13 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813123612/http://www.planespotters.net/Production_List/McDonnell-Douglas/DC-9/47077,EC-BII-Iberia.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| plane1_operator = [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]]
| plane1_IATA            = IB504
| plane1_ICAO            = IBE504
| plane1_callsign        = IBERIA 504
| plane1_tailnum = EC-BII
| plane1_origin = [[Palma de Mallorca Airport]]
| plane1_destination = [[London Heathrow Airport]]<br/>London, United Kingdom
| plane1_occupants = 68
| plane1_passengers = 61
| plane1_crew = 7
| plane1_fatalities = 68
| plane1_survivors = 0
| plane2_image = Spantax Convair 990A (30A-5) AN0094550.jpg
| plane2_caption = The [[Spantax]] Convair 990 involved in the accident
| plane2_type = [[Convair 990 Coronado]]<ref name="ASN">{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19730305-1 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Convair CV-990-30A-5 Coronado EC-BJC La Plance, near Nantes |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date=5 March 1973 |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref>
| plane2_operator = [[Spantax]]
| plane2_IATA            = BX400
| plane2_ICAO            = BXS400
| plane2_callsign        = SPANTAX 400
| plane2_tailnum = EC-BJC
| plane2_origin = [[Madrid-Barajas Airport]]
| plane2_destination = [[London Heathrow Airport]]<br/>London, United Kingdom
| plane2_occupants = 107
| plane2_passengers = 99
| plane2_crew = 8
| plane2_fatalities = 0
| plane2_injuries = 0
| plane2_survivors = 107
}}
The '''1973 Nantes mid-air collision''' occurred when two airliners travelling to [[London Heathrow]] airport hit each other over [[Nantes]], [[France]], on 5 March 1973. They were an [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]] [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]] flying from [[Palma de Mallorca]] to [[London]] and a [[Spantax]] [[Convair 990]] from [[Madrid]] to [[London]]. All 68 people on board the DC-9 were killed. The CV-990 was able to make a successful emergency landing at [[Cognac – Châteaubernard Air Base]].<ref name="ASN"/>

==Crash==
Iberia flight 504, a scheduled service from Palma de Mallorca, and Spantax flight 400, a charter flight from Madrid, were both traversing France en route to Heathrow airport in London. They were guided by French military [[Air Traffic Control]] as the country's civilian air traffic controllers were on strike.<ref name = "BBC">{{cite news|title=1973: Mid-air collision kills 68|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/5/newsid_4202000/4202039.stm|website=BBC news|date=5 March 1973|publisher=BBC|access-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> The Iberia DC-9 was due to reach the Nantes [[VHF omnidirectional range|VOR]] point at 12:52 at [[flight level]] 290 (29,000 feet) and the Spantax Convair CV-990 was scheduled to reach it at 13:00 at the same level.
Both aircraft had received instructions from Marina sector Air Traffic Control at the French Air Force base in [[Mont-de-Marsan]], who asked them to contact Menhir sector ATC at the French Air Force base in [[Brest, France|Brest]]. The Spantax aircraft was on the boundary between the sectors and had difficulty hearing Marina ATC, also receiving no reply to two requests to circle to avoid arriving at the Nantes VOR before 13:00 GMT. The crew decided to start the manoeuvre without ATC authorisation and while in cloud collided with the Iberia DC-9 at 12:52 GMT. The DC-9 lost control, exploded, and broke up in mid-air before crashing to the ground.<ref name = "BBC"/> 

The CV-990 managed to land at Cognac – Châteaubernard Air Base with damage to its left wing.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Simpson|first1=Paul|title=The Mammoth Book of Air Disasters and Near Misses|date=2014|publisher=Hachette UK|location=London|isbn=9781780338293|page=60|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTK0BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT60}}</ref> A survivor, Betty Barrett, later recounted: 

{{quote|My father was sitting in the aisle seat, and I was on the right hand side. And I turned around, and he's very British and very stoic, and I said "daddy do you think we are going to make it?". He said "I rather doubt it darling" and pointed to the other wing.<ref name="Why Planes Crash" />}}

All 61 passengers and 7 crew of the Iberia flight were killed, including [[Michael Jeffery (manager)|Michael Jeffery]], the former manager of [[The Animals]] and [[Jimi Hendrix]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Leblanc|first1=Larry|title=Re-experiencing Jimi Hendrix|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/music/re-experiencing-jimi-hendrix/article4308120/|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|access-date=26 February 2017|date=27 February 2010}}</ref> 47 of the dead were British citizens.<ref name = "BBC"/> No-one aboard the Spantax flight was harmed.

==Report==
The accident was investigated by French air accident body, the [[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile]]. Its report identified difficulties in communication between the flight crew of the Convair CV-990 and air traffic control as well as procedural errors from both parties. The crew's unilateral decision to turn the aircraft brought it into the path of the DC-9. ATC had assumed a time-based separation of the two aircraft at the same flight level.

==In popular culture==
The event is briefly mentioned in the [[MSNBC]]/[[The Weather Channel]] documentary series ''[[Why Planes Crash]]'', during the first season episode "Collision Course". The episode features an interview with survivor Betty Barrett who shows images of the CV-990's damaged wing after landing.<ref name = "Why Planes Crash">{{cite book |last1=Sommers |first1=Caroline |title=Collision Course |date=27 April 2013 |publisher=NBC Peacock Productions |location=[[Why Planes Crash]] |format=TV Documentary |url=https://weloveweather.tv/twc/ |access-date=16 November 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613201254/https://weloveweather.tv/twc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Mid-air collision#List of notable civilian and military–civilian mid-air collisions|List of civilian mid-air collisions]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|Aviation|Spain|France}}
* Final accident report, [[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile]] {{in lang|fr}}
** [https://bea.aero/fileadmin/documents/docspa/1973/ec-c730305/pdf/ec-c730305_19.pdf PDF version] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130930151837/http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1973/ec-i730305/pdf/ec-i730305.pdf Archive])
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084108/http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1973/ec-i730305/htm/ec-i730305.html HTML version]
* [https://www.gov.uk/aaib-reports/7-1975-iberia-dc9-ec-bii-and-spantax-coronado-ec-bjc-5-march-1973 English translation hosted by the] [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]]
** [https://assets.digital.cabinet-office.gov.uk/media/5422eb6240f0b61346000079/7-1975_EC-BII_and_EC-BJC.pdf Report PDF] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150724115158/https://assets.digital.cabinet-office.gov.uk/media/5422eb6240f0b61346000079/7-1975_EC-BII_and_EC-BJC.pdf Archive])
** [https://assets.digital.cabinet-office.gov.uk/media/5422eb63ed915d1371000069/7-1975_EC-BII_and__EC-BJC_Append.pdf Appendices] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150724115203/https://assets.digital.cabinet-office.gov.uk/media/5422eb63ed915d1371000069/7-1975_EC-BII_and__EC-BJC_Append.pdf Archive])

{{McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in France}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1973}}
{{International Airlines Group}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nantes Mid-Air Collision}}
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1973]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Convair 990 Coronado]]
[[Category:Air traffic control in France]]
[[Category:Mid-air collisions]]
[[Category:Mid-air collisions involving airliners]]
[[Category:Military air traffic control]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in France]]
[[Category:Iberia (airline) accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Spantax accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:March 1973 events in Europe]]
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