Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:2002 Sumatra earthquake

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{{Short description|2002 earthquake in Indonesia}}
{{Infobox earthquake
|title= 2002 Sumatra earthquake
|timestamp = 2002-11-02 01:26:10
|anss-url = usp000bfuz
|isc-event = 6121703
|local-date= {{Start-date|November 2, 2002}}
|local-time = 08:26
|map2 = {{Location map | Indonesia Sumatra 
 | label=
 | lat=2.824
 | long=96.085
 | mark=Bullseye1.png
 | marksize=40
 | position=top
 | width= 250
 | float=right
 | relief = yes
 | caption=}}
|magnitude = 7.4 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]
|depth= 30 km (19 mi)
|location={{coord|2.824|96.085|display=inline,title}}<ref name="NGDC">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=5662&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display|title=Comments for the Significant Earthquake|author=NGDC|accessdate=26 November 2010}}</ref>
|countries affected = [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]
|intensity = {{MMI|6}}<ref name="NGDC" />
|casualties = 3 dead, 65 injured
}}
The '''2002 Sumatra earthquake''' occurred at 01:26 [[Coordinated universal time|UTC]] on 2 November. It had a magnitude of 7.4 on the [[moment magnitude scale]] with an [[epicenter]] just north of [[Simeulue Regency|Simeulue]] island and caused three deaths. This [[earthquake]] is regarded as a [[foreshock]] of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]], which had an epicenter about 60&nbsp;km to the northwest.

==Tectonic setting==
[[File:Great Sumatran Fault.png|thumb|left|190px|Great Sumatra fault]]
The island of Sumatra lies on the [[Convergent boundary|convergent plate boundary]] between the [[Indo-Australian Plate]] and the [[Eurasian Plate]]. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure [[Fault (geology)#Fault types|dip-slip faulting]] along the subduction zone, known as the [[Sunda megathrust]], and near pure [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip faulting]] along the [[Great Sumatran fault]]. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of [[megathrust]] type. Historically, great or giant megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in [[1797 Sumatra earthquake|1797]], [[1833 Sumatra earthquake|1833]], [[1861 Sumatra earthquake|1861]], [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004]], [[2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake|2005]] and [[September 2007 Sumatra earthquakes|2007]], most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in [[1935 Sumatra earthquake|1935]], [[1984 Northern Sumatra earthquake|1984]], [[2000 Enggano earthquake|2000]] and 2002.<ref name="Natawidjaja">{{cite journal|last=Natawidjaja |first=D. H. |author1-link=Danny Hilman Natawidjaja |author2=Sieh K. |author3=Chlieh M. |author4=Galetzka J. |author5=Suwargadi B.W. |author6=Cheng H. |author7=Edwards R.L. |author8=Avouac J.-P. |author9=Ward S. N. |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |title=Source parameters of the great Sumatran megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 inferred from coral microatolls |volume=111 |issue=B06403 |pages=n/a |url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P06e.pdf |doi=10.1029/2005JB004025 |accessdate=2009-10-24 |bibcode=2006JGRB..111.6403N |hdl=10220/8480 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012210241/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P06e.pdf |archivedate=2009-10-12 }}</ref>

==Damage==
The greatest effects were felt on the island of Simeulue, where 994 buildings were damaged, three people died and 65 were injured. The earthquake was also felt at [[Tapaktuan]] ([[Mercalli intensity scale|VI]] (''Strong'')), [[Meulaboh]] and [[Singkil, Indonesia|Singkil]] (V (''Moderate'')) in the [[Aceh]] province of [[Sumatra]].<ref name="NGDC"/>

==Characteristics==
The rupture area of the 2002 earthquake lies at the boundary between the rupture areas of the 2004 and 2005 earthquakes, as determined by the uplift patterns of coral [[microatoll]]s. From its proximity to the epicenter of the 2004 earthquake, it is regarded as a foreshock of that event.<ref name="Biggs">{{cite journal|last=Biggs|first=J.|author2=Robinson D.P.|author3=Dixon T.H.|name-list-style=amp|year=2009|title=The 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0): seismology and geodesy|journal=Geophysical Journal International|volume=176|issue=3|pages=657–669|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03990.x|bibcode=2009GeoJI.176..657B|doi-access=free}}</ref> Microatolls around Simeulue show evidence of uplift as a result of the 2002 event, distinct from the uplift caused by the 2004 event.<ref name="Sieh">{{cite web|url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/submitted/Snu.pdf |title=The Sunda megathrust: past, present and future |last=Sieh |first=K. |authorlink=Kerry Sieh |accessdate=29 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801095111/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/submitted/Snu.pdf |archivedate=1 August 2010 }}</ref> Waveforms from this earthquake have been used to model the propagation of [[Rayleigh waves]] during the 2004 earthquake, using an empirical [[Green's function]] analysis.<ref name="Vallée">{{cite journal|last=Vallée |first=M. |year=2007 |title=Rupture Properties of the Giant Sumatra Earthquake Imaged by Empirical Green's Function Analysis |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=97 |issue=1A |pages=S103–S114 |doi=10.1785/0120050616 |url=http://mahabghodss.net/NewBooks/www/web/digital/nashrieh/bssa/2007/january%201%202007-%2097%20issue%201a/S103.pdf |accessdate=29 November 2010 |bibcode=2007BuSSA..97S.103V |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723201958/http://mahabghodss.net/NewBooks/www/web/digital/nashrieh/bssa/2007/january%201%202007-%2097%20issue%201a/S103.pdf |archivedate=23 July 2011 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of earthquakes in 2002]]
*[[List of earthquakes in Indonesia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{EQ-isc-link|6121703}}

{{Earthquakes in 2002}}
{{Earthquakes in Indonesia}}

[[Category:2002 disasters in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Sumatra]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Indonesia]]
[[Category:2002 earthquakes|Sumatra Earthquake, 2002]]
[[Category:November 2002 events in Asia]]
[[Category:2002 in Indonesia]]
[[Category:History of Sumatra]]
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