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{{short description|Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox tropical cyclone season
 | Basin                    = Atl
 | Year                     = 2010
 | Track                    = 2010_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png
 | First storm formed       = June 25, 2010
 | Last storm dissipated    = November 7, 2010
 | Strongest storm name     = [[Hurricane Igor|Igor]]
 | Strongest storm pressure = 924
 | Strongest storm winds    = 135
 | Average wind speed       = 1
 | Total depressions        = 21
 | Total storms             = 19
 | Total hurricanes         = 12
 | Total intense            = 5
 | Damages                  = 7390
 | Fatalities               = 392 total
 | five seasons             = [[2008 Atlantic hurricane season|2008]], [[2009 Atlantic hurricane season|2009]], '''2010''', [[2011 Atlantic hurricane season|2011]], [[2012 Atlantic hurricane season|2012]]
 | Season timeline          = Timeline of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season
 | West Pacific season      = 2010 Pacific typhoon season
 | East Pacific season      = 2010 Pacific hurricane season
 | North Indian season      = 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
}}
The '''2010 Atlantic hurricane season''' was the first of three consecutive very active [[Atlantic hurricane season]]s, each with 19&nbsp;[[Tropical cyclone naming|named storms]]. This above average activity included 12&nbsp;hurricanes, equaling the number that formed in [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season|1969]]. Only the [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020]] and [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]] seasons have had more, at 14 and 15 hurricanes respectively. Despite the high number of hurricanes, not one hurricane hit the United States making the season the only season with 10 or more hurricanes without a United States landfall. The overall [[tropical cyclone]] count in the Atlantic exceeded that in the [[Tropical cyclone basins#Northwestern Pacific Ocean|West Pacific]] for only the second time on record. The season officially began on June&nbsp;1 and ended on November&nbsp;30, dates that conventionally delimit the period during each year when [[tropical cyclone]] formation is most likely. The first cyclone, [[Hurricane Alex (2010)|Alex]] intensified into the first June hurricane since [[Hurricane Allison (1995)|Allison]] in [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]]. The month of September featured eight named storms. October featured five hurricanes, including [[Hurricane Tomas|Tomas]], which became the latest on record in a calendar year to move through the [[Windward Islands]]. Activity was represented with an [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) value of 165&nbsp;units, which was the eleventh highest value on record at the time. The activity in 2010 was heightened due to a very strong [[2010–12 La Niña event|La Niña]], which also led to an inactive [[2010 Pacific hurricane season|Pacific hurricane season]].

Numerous tropical cyclones affected countries bordering the Atlantic Ocean throughout 2010. Alex caused 52&nbsp;deaths and up to $1.52&nbsp;billion (2010 [[United States dollar|USD]]) in damage as it struck northern Mexico in June. The next month, [[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2010)|Tropical Storm Bonnie]] struck Florida as a weak cyclone, leaving one dead. [[Tropical Storm Colin (2010)|Tropical Storm Colin]] led to one drowning death, and rip currents produced by [[Tropical Depression Five (2010)|Tropical Depression Five]] killed two people. Hurricane Danielle passed east of Bermuda while [[Hurricane Earl (2010)|Earl]] moved parallel to the East Coast of the United States and into [[Nova Scotia]] throughout late August, resulting in 2 and 8 deaths, respectively. In early September, [[Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)|Tropical Storm Hermine]] caused significant flooding across Texas and killed 8 people. The strongest hurricane of the year, [[Hurricane Igor|Igor]], killed four as it traversed the Atlantic and across [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. Latin America was badly hit by [[Hurricane Karl]] and [[Tropical Storm Matthew (2010)|Tropical Storm Matthew]], with 22 and 126&nbsp;deaths, respectively. In late September, [[Tropical Storm Nicole (2010)|Tropical Storm Nicole]] produced torrential rainfall from the Caribbean into the U.S. East Coast, resulting in 16&nbsp;fatalities. [[Hurricane Paula]] caused a tourist to drown offshore [[Cozumel]] in mid-October, while [[Hurricane Richard]] left two dead in [[Belize]] later that month. The season concluded with Tomas which caused 35 fatalities along its track through the Caribbean and into the Atlantic.

== Seasonal forecasts ==
{| class="toccolours" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:right; clear: right;"
|+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2010 season'''
|- style="background:#ccccff"
|align="center"|'''Source'''
|align="center"|'''Date'''
|align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Named<br />storms</span>'''
|align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Hurricanes</span>'''
|align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Major<br />hurricanes</span>'''
|align="center"|'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Ref</span>'''
|-
|align="center" colspan="2"|''Average <span style="font-size: 80%;">(1950–2005)</span>'' || 10.3 || 6.2 || 2.7 || <ref name="Background">{{cite report|agency=[[Climate Prediction Center]]|url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603105643/http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml|title=Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=August 6, 2015|archive-date=June 3, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" colspan="2"|''Record high activity''
|[[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|30]]
|[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|15]]
|[[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|7]]†
|<ref name="CSU Atl">{{cite web| title=North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics|url=http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northatlantic|publisher=Colorado State University|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|access-date=July 19, 2023}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" colspan="2"|''Record low activity''
|[[1914 Atlantic hurricane season|1]]
|[[1914 Atlantic hurricane season|0]]†
|[[2013 Atlantic hurricane season|0]]†
|<ref name="CSU Atl"/>
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|<hr/>
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|December 7, 2009
|13.9
|7.4
|3.4
|<ref name="DecTSR">{{cite web|author=Dr. Adam Lea|author2=Professor Mark Saunders|title=Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2010|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastDec2010.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=December 7, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|[[Colorado State University|CSU]]
|align="left"|December 9, 2009
|11–16
|6–8
|3–5
|<ref name="DecCSU">{{cite report|author=Philip J. Klotzbach|author2=William M. Gray|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2010|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2000s/2009-12.pdf|publisher=Colorado State University|date=December 9, 2009|access-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|TWC/WSI

|align="left"|January 27, 2010
|13
|7
|3
|<ref name="JanWSI">{{cite web|title=WSI Predicts 2010 Hurricane Season to be More Active than 2009|url=http://archive.wsi.com/201fc347-7a65-4b38-8dea-757f8ba84eaf/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|publisher=WSI Corporation|date=January 27, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234339/http://archive.wsi.com/201fc347-7a65-4b38-8dea-757f8ba84eaf/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|archive-date=February 1, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|April 7, 2010
|15
|8
|4
|<ref name="AprCSU">{{cite report|author=Philip J. Klotzbach|author2=William M. Gray|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2010|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2010s/2010-04.pdf|publisher=Colorado State University|date=April 7, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|April 9, 2010
|16.3
|8.5
|4
|<ref name="AprTSR">{{cite web|author=Dr. Adam Lea|author2=Professor Mark Saunders|title=April Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2010|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastApr2010.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=April 9, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|TWC/WSI
|align="left"|April 21, 2010
|16
|9
|5
|<ref name="AprWSI">{{cite web|title=WSI Significantly Increases Forecast Numbers for 2010 Hurricane Season|url=http://archive.wsi.com/c5d448b8-bee5-4336-b2ad-b9ce7f3a5c70/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|publisher=WSI Corporation|date=April 21, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234225/http://archive.wsi.com/c5d448b8-bee5-4336-b2ad-b9ce7f3a5c70/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|archive-date=2017-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|[[North Carolina State University|NCSU]]
|align="left"|April 26, 2010
|15–18
|8–11
|N/A
|<ref name="AprNCSU">{{cite web|author=Tracey Peake|title=NC State Predicts Active Atlantic Hurricane Season for 2010|url=http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/hurricane10/|publisher=North Carolina State University|date=April 26, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|May 25, 2010
|16
|8
|4
|<ref name="MayTSR">{{cite web|author=Dr. Adam Lea|author2=Professor Mark Saunders|title=TSR Pre-Season Forecast for 2010 Atlantic Hurricane Activity|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecast25May2010.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=May 25, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|TWC/WSI
|align="left"|May 26, 2010
|18
|10
|5
|<ref name="MayWSI">{{cite web|title=WSI Raises Its April Forecast Numbers for 2010 Hurricane Season|url=http://archive.wsi.com/d2af3877-41d5-4009-bd79-67de31c5eb68/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|publisher=WSI Corporation|date=May 26, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234223/http://archive.wsi.com/d2af3877-41d5-4009-bd79-67de31c5eb68/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|archive-date=2017-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
|align="left"|May 27, 2010
|14–23
|8–14
|3–7
|<ref name="MayNOAA">{{cite web|author=Climate Prediction Center|title=NOAA Expects Busy Atlantic Hurricane Season|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20100527_hurricaneoutlook.html|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=May 27, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527225631/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20100527_hurricaneoutlook.html|archive-date=May 27, 2010}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|[[Florida State University|FSU COAPS]]
|align="left"|June 1, 2010
|17
|10
|N/A
|<ref name="JunFSUCOAPS">{{cite web|author=Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies|title=FSU COAPS Atlantic Hurricane Season Forecast Archive|url=http://coaps.fsu.edu/hurricanes/archive.php|publisher=Florida State University|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619103455/http://coaps.fsu.edu/hurricanes/archive.php|archive-date=June 19, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|June 2, 2010
|18
|10
|5
|<ref name="JunCSU">{{cite report|author=Philip J. Klotzbach|author2=William M. Gray|title=Extended-Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2010|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2010s/2010-06.pdf|publisher=Colorado State University|date=June 2, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|June 4, 2010
|17.7
|9.5
|4.4
|<ref name="JunTSR">{{cite web|author=Dr. Adam Lea|author2=Professor Mark Saunders|title=June Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2010|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastJun2010.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=June 4, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|[[UKMET]]
|align="left"|June 17, 2010
|20*
|N/A
|N/A
|<ref name="JunUKMET">{{cite news|title=North Atlantic tropical storm seasonal forecast 2010|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/tropicalcyclone/seasonal/northatlantic2010|publisher=Met Office|date=June 17, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|TWC/WSI
|align="left"|June 23, 2010
|20
|11
|5
|<ref name="JunWSI">{{cite web|title=WSI Again Increases Its Forecast Numbers for 2010 Hurricane Season|url=http://archive.wsi.com/f82917da-879b-46de-b957-5e5d7c608813/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|publisher=WSI Corporation|date=June 23, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234421/http://archive.wsi.com/f82917da-879b-46de-b957-5e5d7c608813/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|archive-date=2017-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|July 6, 2010
|19.1
|10.4
|4.8
|<ref name="JulTSR">{{cite web|author=Dr. Adam Lea|author2=Professor Mark Saunders|title=July Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2010|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastJul2010.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=July 6, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|TWC/WSI
|align="left"|July 21, 2010
|19
|11
|5
|<ref name="JulWSI">{{cite web|title=Relatively Inactive June-July Period Forces Decrease in WSI 2010 Tropical Forecast From 20 to 19 Named Storms|url=http://archive.wsi.com/8fc1b877-978a-41a8-b5e6-80a80592785f/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|publisher=WSI Corporation|date=July 21, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234425/http://archive.wsi.com/8fc1b877-978a-41a8-b5e6-80a80592785f/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|archive-date=2017-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|August 4, 2010
|18
|10
|5
|<ref name="AugCSU">{{cite report|author=Philip J. Klotzbach|author2=William M. Gray|title=Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2010|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2010s/2010-08.pdf|publisher=Colorado State University|date=August 4, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|August 4, 2010
|17.8
|9.7
|4.5
|<ref name="AugTSR">{{cite web|author=Dr. Adam Lea|author2=Professor Mark Saunders|title=August Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2010|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastAug2010.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=August 4, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|NOAA
|align="left"|August 5, 2010
|14–20
|8–12
|4–6
|<ref name="AugNOAA">{{cite web|title=NOAA Still Expects Active Atlantic Hurricane Season; La Niña Develops|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20100805_hurricaneupdate.html|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=August 5, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|align="left"|TWC/WSI
|align="left"|August 25, 2010
|18
|10
|5
|<ref name="AugWSI">{{cite web|title=WSI Expects a Very Active Remainder of 2010 Hurricane Season|url=http://archive.wsi.com/6340e057-91cf-41b3-a7ed-4b410cfeae97/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|publisher=WSI Corporation|date=August 25, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>

|-
|align="left"|TWC/WSI
|align="left"|September 22, 2010
|18
|10
|6
|<ref name="SepWSI">{{cite web|title=WSI Expects 2010 Hurricane Season to Finish Strong|url=http://archive.wsi.com/2a3e38a5-aa1c-448b-ac48-3a51d0b84a6a/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|publisher=WSI Corporation|date=September 22, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234140/http://archive.wsi.com/2a3e38a5-aa1c-448b-ac48-3a51d0b84a6a/news-scheduled-forecast-archive-detail.htm|archive-date=2017-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|<hr/>
|-
|align="left"|
|align="left"|'''Actual activity'''
|19
|12
|5
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Extremely Active Atlantic Hurricane Season was a 'Gentle Giant' for U.S.|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20101129_hurricaneseason.html|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=November 29, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203010504/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20101129_hurricaneseason.html|archive-date=December 3, 2010}}</ref>
|-
|align="left" colspan="5"|* June–November only<br />† Most recent of several such occurrences. ([[List of Atlantic hurricane records#Seasonal activity|See all]])
|}
Before and during each hurricane season, several [[Tropical cyclone seasonal forecasting|forecasts of hurricane activity]] are issued by national meteorological services, scientific agencies, and noted hurricane experts. The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. According to NOAA, the average Atlantic hurricane season between 1950 and 2005 contained 10.3 tropical storms, 6.2 hurricanes, 2.7 major hurricanes, and an [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) index of 66–103 units. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of {{convert|39|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Accordingly, tropical depressions are not included in the count. After the storm has dissipated, typically after the end of the season, the NHC re-examines the data and produces a final report on each storm. These revisions can lead to a revised ACE total either upward or downward compared to the original value.<ref>{{cite report|title=Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE)|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/tmr/documents/ACE.doc|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=April 27, 2017|format=DOC}}</ref> The [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) typically categorizes a season as either above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE Index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season are occasionally considered as well.<ref name="Background"/>

=== Pre-season forecasts ===
On December&nbsp;7, 2009, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) issued their first extended range outlook for the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, predicting 13.9 named storms, 7.4 hurricanes, 3.4 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 135 units. The organization referenced two main factors, slower trade winds across the Caribbean and above-average ocean temperatures across the Atlantic, for an above-average season.<ref name="DecTSR"/> Two days later, [[Colorado State University]] (CSU) issued their first extended range outlook, projecting 11 to 16 named storms, 6 to 8 hurricanes, 3 to 5 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 100 to 162 units. The organization stated that although a strong El Niño event was ongoing at the release of their forecast, a continuation of a warm [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation]] was unlikely to persist through the hurricane season.<ref name="DecCSU"/> On January&nbsp;27, 2010, [[The Weather Company]] (formerly WSI) called for the year to feature 13 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes.<ref name="JanWSI"/>

CSU issued a more detailed update on April&nbsp;7, upping their forecast to 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 150. More confidence in the weakening of El Niño (and thus lower vertical [[wind shear]]) and the continuation of anomalously warm [[sea surface temperature]]s across the Atlantic Ocean were cited.<ref name="AprCSU"/> Two days later, TSR revised their forecast upward to 16.3 named storms, 8.5 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 159 units.<ref name="AprTSR"/> In their April&nbsp;21 update, WSI predicted the most active year since the record-breaking 2005 season, with 16 named storms, 9 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.<ref name="AprWSI"/> Five days later, [[North Carolina State University]] (NCSU) released their only forecast for the season, with 15 to 18 named storms and 8 to 11 hurricanes.<ref name="AprNCSU"/> TSR largely maintained their forecast for their May&nbsp;25 release.<ref name="MayTSR"/> The next day, TWC/WSI again raised their forecast to 18 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.<ref name="MayWSI"/> NOAA, meanwhile, released their forecast prediction for the 2010 season on May&nbsp;27. The organization called for an active to extremely active year including 14 to 23 named storms, 8 to 14 hurricanes, and 3 to 7 major hurricanes, referencing a continuation of the active era that began in 1995.<ref name="MayNOAA"/>

=== Mid-season outlooks ===
On the first day of the 2010 Atlantic season, [[Florida State University]]'s Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (FSU COAPS) released their only predictions, forecasting 17 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and an ACE index of 156 units.<ref name="JunFSUCOAPS"/> The next day, CSU upped their forecast to 18 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.<ref name="JunCSU"/> On June&nbsp;4, TSR followed suit, with 17.7 named storms, 9.5 hurricanes, 4.4 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 182 units.<ref name="JunTSR"/> The United Kingdom's [[Met Office]] (UKMET) released their only prediction for the season on June&nbsp;17, with the most likely number of tropical storms being 20 and the most likely value of the ACE index being 204 units.<ref name="JunUKMET"/> On June&nbsp;23, TWC/WSI once again upped their forecast, noting 20 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.<ref name="JunWSI"/> TSR issued their boldest predictions on July&nbsp;6, with 19.1 named storms, 10.4 hurricanes, 4.8 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 203 units.<ref name="JulTSR"/>

Following a slightly less active June and July than originally anticipated, TWC/WSI downgraded their number of named storms from 20 to 19 on July&nbsp;21, but kept their June numbers of 11 hurricanes and 5 major hurricanes untouched.<ref name="JulWSI"/> In their final seasonal prediction on August&nbsp;4, CSU left their June numbers the same, predicting 18 named storms, 10 hurricanes, 5 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 185 units.<ref name="AugCSU"/> That same day, TSR reduced their predictions for their final seasonal outlook, expecting 17.8 named storms, 9.7 hurricanes, 4.5 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 183 units.<ref name="AugTSR"/> On August&nbsp;5, NOAA announced the official development of La Niña in their last seasonal outlook. The organization lowered the upper bounds of their forecast compared to May due to less early season activity than expected, in all predicting 14 to 20 named storms, 8 to 12 hurricanes, and 4 to 6 major hurricanes.<ref name="AugNOAA"/> TWC/WSI issued two final forecasts on August&nbsp;25 and September&nbsp;22, both expecting 18 named storms and 10 hurricanes. The number of major hurricanes was increased from 5 to 6 in their September update, however.<ref name="AugWSI"/><ref name="SepWSI"/>

== Seasonal summary ==
{{For timeline}}
<div style="text-align: center;">
<timeline>
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  barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
  from:25/06/2010 till:02/07/2010 color:C2 text:"[[Hurricane Alex (2010)|Alex (C2)]]"
  from:08/07/2010 till:09/07/2010 color:TD text:"[[Tropical Depression Two (2010)|Two (TD)]]"
  from:22/07/2010 till:24/07/2010 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2010)|Bonnie (TS)]]"
  from:02/08/2010 till:03/08/2010 color:TS
  barset:break
  barset:skip
  barset:skip
  barset:skip
  from:05/08/2010 till:08/08/2010 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Colin (2010)|Colin (TS)]]"
  from:10/08/2010 till:11/08/2010 color:TD text:"[[Tropical Depression Five (2010)|Five (TD)]]"
  from:21/08/2010 till:30/08/2010 color:C4 text:"Danielle (C4)"
  from:25/08/2010 till:04/09/2010 color:C4 text:"[[Hurricane Earl (2010)|Earl (C4)]]"
  from:30/08/2010 till:04/09/2010 color:TS text:"Fiona (TS)"
  from:01/09/2010 till:02/09/2010 color:TS text:"Gaston (TS)"
  from:05/09/2010 till:09/09/2010 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)|Hermine (TS)]]"
  barset:break
  from:08/09/2010 till:21/09/2010 color:C4 text:"[[Hurricane Igor|Igor (C4)]]"
  from:12/09/2010 till:20/09/2010 color:C4 text:"[[Hurricane Julia (2010)|Julia (C4)]]"
  from:14/09/2010 till:18/09/2010 color:C3 text:"[[Hurricane Karl|Karl (C3)]]"
  from:21/09/2010 till:26/09/2010 color:C1 text:"Lisa (C1)"
  from:23/09/2010 till:26/09/2010 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Matthew (2010)|Matthew (TS)]]"
  from:28/09/2010 till:29/09/2010 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Nicole (2010)|Nicole (TS)]]"
  from:06/10/2010 till:10/10/2010 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Otto (2010)|Otto (C1)]]"
  from:11/10/2010 till:15/10/2010 color:C2 text:"[[Hurricane Paula|Paula (C2)]]"
  from:21/10/2010 till:26/10/2010 color:C2 text:"[[Hurricane Richard|Richard (C2)]]"
  from:28/10/2010 till:30/10/2010 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Shary|Shary (C1)]]"
  barset:break
  from:29/10/2010 till:07/11/2010 color:C2 text:"[[Hurricane Tomas|Tomas (C2)]]"

 bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
  from:01/06/2010 till:30/06/2010 text:June
  from:01/07/2010 till:31/07/2010 text:July
  from:01/08/2010 till:31/08/2010 text:August
  from:01/09/2010 till:30/09/2010 text:September
  from:01/10/2010 till:31/10/2010 text:October
  from:01/11/2010 till:30/11/2010 text:November
TextData =
   pos:(570,30)
   text:"(From the"
   pos:(618,30)
   text:"[[Saffir–Simpson scale]])"

</timeline>
</div>
[[File:Igor Julia Karl sept 16 2010 1445Z.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Satellite image of three simultaneous tropical cyclones on September 16, with [[Hurricane Karl|Karl]] ''(left)'', [[Hurricane Igor|Igor]] ''(center)'', and [[Hurricane Julia (2010)|Julia]] ''(right)''. All were hurricanes at the time.]]
Unlike on the [[2010 Pacific hurricane season|eastern Pacific]], which tied [[1977 Pacific hurricane season|1977]] for the least active year in the reliable records, the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season ended as one of the most active in recorded history. It began on June&nbsp;1 and ended on November&nbsp;30, dates that conventionally delimit the period during each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic Ocean. The first system of the season, Hurricane Alex, developed on June&nbsp;25; the final system of the season, Hurricane Tomas, dissipated on November&nbsp;7. A total of 21 tropical depressions formed within the basin, of which 19 intensified into tropical storms, 12 intensified into hurricanes, and 5 further intensified into major hurricanes. The year's 12 hurricanes matched [[1969 Atlantic hurricane season|1969]] for the third highest count on record, exceeded only by 2005 and 2020.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Records set in the Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005|url=https://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/articles/2005-hurricane-season-records|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref> There were more tropical storms in the Atlantic than the West Pacific in 2010, the second such occurrence on record after 2005. Throughout the entire Atlantic tropical cyclone database, 2010 is the only year with more than 10 hurricanes not to feature a hurricane landfall on the United States.<ref>{{cite report|title=Remarkable 2010 Hurricane and Typhoon Seasons|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSR-hurricane-and-typhoon-review-2010.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=December 2, 2010|access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref>

Several factors contributed to exceptional activity. A strong El Niño observed in 2009 rapidly transitioned into a strong La Niña by mid-summer 2010, projecting anomalously low vertical wind shear across the Atlantic Ocean. Ocean temperatures reached record levels across the basin, averaging at 0.82&nbsp;°C above the 1981–2010 average. Not only did ocean temperatures surpass 2005 to break the record overall, averaged water temperatures across the Main Development Region (MDR) of the Atlantic set monthly records from February to October 2010. This was aided by a strongly negative North Atlantic Oscillation that contributed to weaker trade winds and thus anomalous warming of ocean temperatures in the months leading up to the hurricane season. Lower [[Atmospheric pressure#Mean sea-level pressure|sea level pressures]] were prevalent throughout much of the season, trailing only [[1955 Atlantic hurricane season|1955]] for the lowest average values across the MDR during the August to October period. In spite of the high number of tropical cyclones, mid-level dry air dominated the tropical Atlantic throughout the peak of the season, perhaps hindering the season from being even more active.<ref>{{cite report|author=Phillip J. Klotzbach|author2=William M. Gray|title=Summary of 2010 Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity and Verification of Author's Seasonal and Two-Week Forecasts|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2010s/2010-11.pdf|publisher=Colorado State University|date=November 10, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|pages=52–60}}</ref>

The beginning of the Atlantic season featured Alex, the first hurricane observed in June since [[Hurricane Allison (1995)|Hurricane Allison]] in 1995.<ref>{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Monthly Tropical Weather Summary: June|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSAT_jun.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=July 1, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> One tropical storm, Bonnie, and a tropical depression formed in the month of July.<ref>{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart |display-authors=etal|title=Monthly Tropical Weather Summary: July|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSAT_jul.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 1, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> August featured five cyclones – a tropical depression, tropical storms Colin and Fiona, as well as hurricanes Danielle and Earl (both of which further intensified into major hurricanes).<ref>{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|author2=Eric S. Blake|title=Monthly Tropical Weather Summary: August|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSAT_aug.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 1, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> September, the peak period of the Atlantic hurricane season, was its most active month, featuring eight tropical cyclones: tropical storms Gaston, Hermine, Matthew, and Nicole, as well as hurricanes Igor, Julia, Karl, and Lisa. This put the season into a tie with [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002]] and [[2007 Atlantic hurricane season|2007]] for the most tropical storms to develop in September, a record that stood until it was surpassed in [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Dolce|first=Chris|title=All the Records the 2020 Hurricane Season has Broken So Far|date=October 6, 2020|url=https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2020-09-21-atlantic-hurricane-season-2020-records#:~:text=The%20month%20of%20September%20has,and%202010%2C%20according%20to%20Klotzbach.|website=weather.com|publisher=The Weather Channel|access-date=September 19, 2021}}</ref> Igor attained peak winds of {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on September&nbsp;15, cementing its status as the most intense storm of the season.<ref name="Itcr"/> Well above-average activity continued into October, with the formation of hurricanes Otto, Paula, Richard, Shary, and Tomas, one hurricane short of the monthly record set in [[1870 Atlantic hurricane season|1870]].<ref>{{cite report|author=Todd B. Kimerlain|author2=Robbie J. Berg|author3=Eric S. Blake|author4=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Monthly Tropical Weather Summary: October|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSAT_oct.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 1, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> Tomas persisted into the subsequent month before dissipating on November&nbsp;7, heralding the end of the season's tropical cyclone activity.<ref name="Ttcr"/>

The season's activity was reflected with an ACE rating of approximately 165 units, the highest since 2005.<ref>{{cite report|author=Hurricane Specialist Unit|title=Monthly Tropical Weather Summary: November|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/tws/MIATWSAT_nov.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 1, 2010|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Systems ==

=== Hurricane Alex ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = File:Alex 2010-07-01 0202Z.png
 | Track         = Alex 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = June 25
 | Dissipated    = July 2
 | 1-min winds   = 95
 | Pressure      = 946
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Alex (2010)}}
A disturbance developed within the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] on June&nbsp;17 and remained well defined as it tracked westward. An area of low pressure developed in association with the system over the northwestern Caribbean on June&nbsp;24 and further organized into a tropical depression by 18:00&nbsp;UTC the following day, supported by data from a [[hurricane hunters|reconnaissance aircraft]]. Steered west and eventually west-northwest by an expansive ridge across the [[Bahamas]] and [[Gulf of Mexico]], the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Alex at 06:00&nbsp;UTC on June&nbsp;26 and attained an initial peak with winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} before moving ashore near [[Belize City|Belize City, Belize]] several hours later. Alex maintained tropical storm intensity as it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula, and upon executing a northward turn and a second westward turn began to steadily intensify. The cyclone intensified into the season's first hurricane at 00:00&nbsp;UTC on June&nbsp;30 and attained peak winds of {{convert|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} as it made landfall near [[Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas|Soto la Marina, Mexico]], at 02:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;1. Once inland, Alex turned west-southwest and rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of Mexico. The increasingly disrupted system dissipated at 06:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;2.<ref name="Atcr">{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Alex|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012010_Alex.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 15, 2010|access-date=January 11, 2017|pages=1, 2, 5|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

The precursor disturbance to Alex flooded hundreds of homes and prompted the evacuation of thousands of residents in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Un muerto 2 mil 840 desplazados y 568 viviendas afectadas por lluvias en RD|url=http://elnuevodiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=203604|newspaper=El Nuevo Diario|date=June 22, 2010|access-date=January 11, 2017|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419203434/http://elnuevodiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=203604|archive-date=2016-04-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Damage to crops and hundreds of structures occurred across Central America.<ref>{{cite web|author=Government of Guatemala|title=Guatemala: Daños en agricultura se incrementan con tormenta Alex|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/guatemala-da%C3%B1os-en-agricultura-se-incrementan-con-tormenta-alex|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=June 29, 2010|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> In southern Mexico, torrential rainfall led to numerous landslides and mudslides, while swollen rivers flooded many homes and roads were collapsed.<ref>{{cite news|author=Y. Rodríguez|author2=Ó. Gutiérrez|title=Alex pegará como huracán a Tamaulipas|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/76665.html|newspaper=El Universal|date=June 30, 2010|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> Near the track of Alex in northern Mexico, rainfall reached as high as {{convert|35.04|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Monterrey]],<ref name="WPCAlex">{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|title= Hurricane Alex - June 29 - July 6, 2010|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/alex2010.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> {{convert|13|ft|m|adj=on}} waves affected the coastline,<ref>{{cite news|author=Roberto Aguilar |display-authors=et al|title=Furia de Alex obliga a miles a dejar su hogar|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/76685.html|newspaper=El Universal|date=July 1, 2010|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> hundreds of thousands of citizens lost power,<ref>{{cite news|title=Deja Alex 256 mil personas sin luz en Tamaulipas |url=http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/7c954b2a681dd8c89db2c26caf6152ee |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411090214/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/7c954b2a681dd8c89db2c26caf6152ee |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |newspaper=Milenio |date=July 1, 2010 |access-date=January 11, 2017 }}</ref> and widespread infrastructure was damaged or destroyed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Alex dejó 6 mil casas dañadas en Tamaulipas|url=http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/alexdejo6milcasasdanadasentamaulipas-523044.html|newspaper=Vanguardia|date=July 22, 2010|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> Although the hurricane did not directly move ashore the coastline of the United States, its [[rainband|spiral bands]] produced tropical storm-force sustained winds across the southern reaches of Texas, peaking at {{convert|51|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[Port Isabel, Texas|Port Isabel]].<ref>{{cite report|author=United States of America|title=Reports of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Disturbances, and Related Flooding During 2010|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/Doc.4.2.4_USA.doc|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=March 8, 2011|access-date=January 11, 2017|format=DOC}}</ref> Heavy rainfall broke accumulation records,<ref name="WPCAlex"/> a storm surge of at least 3.{{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} caused [[Coastal erosion|beach erosion]],<ref>{{cite report|title=Brief report on Hurricane Alex and Impacts on the Lower Rio Grande Valley|url=http://www.weather.gov/bro/2010event_alexreport|agency=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Brownsville, Texas|publisher=National Weather Service|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> and embedded [[supercell]]s produced nine tornadoes (all rated [[Enhanced Fujita scale|EF0]]).<ref name="Atcr"/> Along its track, Alex was responsible for 51 deaths (22 missing) and $1.52 billion in damage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricane season 2010: Constant storms, inconsistent impact|url=http://www.planitnow.org/november2010_article1|publisher=Plant It Now|date=November 16, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116152332/http://www.planitnow.org/november2010_article1/|archive-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Tropical Depression Two ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = 02L 2010-07-08 1940Z.jpg
 | Track         = 02-L 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = July 8
 | Dissipated    = July 9
 | 1-min winds   = 30
 | Pressure      = 1005
}}
{{main|Tropical Depression Two (2010)}}
A [[tropical wave]] emerged off the western coast of Africa on June&nbsp;24, eventually emerging into the Gulf of Mexico on July&nbsp;7. An area of low pressure became discernible, and with data from a reconnaissance aircraft, the system was upgraded to a tropical depression by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;8. The depression failed to organize appreciably as it tracked west to west-northwest, moving ashore [[South Padre Island, Texas]] with winds of {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 14:00&nbsp;UTC that day. The depression degenerated into a remnant low by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;9 and dissipated over northern Mexico a day later.<ref name="2TCR">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven II|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Two|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL022010_Two.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 21, 2010|access-date=January 12, 2017|pages=1, 2|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

In advance of landfall, the NHC issued a tropical storm warning from [[Baffin Bay (Texas)|Baffin Bay, Texas]] to Rio San Fernando, Mexico; this was canceled once the storm failed to intensify.<ref name="2TCR"/> The [[Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)|Servicio Meteorológico Nacional]] warned residents of gusty winds and heavy rainfall in excess of {{convert|4|–|8|in|mm|abbr=on}} capable of producing localized flooding and mudslides.<ref>{{cite news|title=Alertan a estados del norte por efectos de la depresión tropical 2|url=http://www.zocalo.com.mx/seccion/articulo/alertan-a-estados-por-efectos-de-depresion-tropical-en-el-pacifico-14331635|newspaper=Periódico Zócalo|date=July 8, 2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Upon moving ashore, the depression produced a storm surge of {{convert|2|–|4|ft|m|abbr=on}} along the southern coastline of Texas.<ref>{{cite report|agency=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Corpus Christi, Texas|title=Event Report: Storm Surge/Tide|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=254545|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Rainfall accumulations peaked at {{convert|5.16|in|mm|abbr=on}} along the [[Guadalupe River (Texas)|Guadalupe River]], with lesser amounts elsewhere, including across areas affected by Hurricane Alex a week prior.<ref name="WPCAlex"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Mary Beth Gerhadt|title=Remnants of Tropical Depression Two Public Advisory Number 9|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/2010/TWO/TWO_09.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|date=July 9, 2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Tropical Storm Bonnie ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Bonnie 2010-07-23 0327Z.jpg
 | Track         = Bonnie 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = July 22
 | Dissipated    = July 24
 | 1-min winds   = 40
 | Pressure      = 1005
}}
{{main|Tropical Storm Bonnie (2010)}}
A tropical wave emerged off the western coast of Africa on July&nbsp;10. Once north of the Greater Antilles, convective growth and the development of a well-defined surface low led to the formation of a tropical depression just south of [[Acklins|Acklins Island]] by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;22. Amid a brief reprieve in strong upper-level winds, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Bonnie as it crossed [[Ragged Island, Bahamas|Ragged Island]] around 23:15&nbsp;UTC that day. It later traversed [[Andros, Bahamas|Andros Island]] at peak intensity, with sustained winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, and weakened slightly before moving ashore near [[Elliott Key|Elliott Key, Florida]], with winds of {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on July&nbsp;23. Bonnie weakened to a tropical depression as it crossed South Florida, and the persistent effects of strong wind shear prevented intensification in the Gulf of Mexico. The cyclone degenerated into a remnant low by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;25 and later moved into southeastern Louisiana before dissipating later that day.<ref name="Btcr">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Bonnie|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL032010_Bonnie.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 28, 2010|access-date=January 12, 2017|pages=1, 2, 5|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

The precursor disturbance to Bonnie produced rainfall up to {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}} in the Dominican Republic, isolating towns due to bridge collapses and prompting the evacuation of thousands of residents. In nearby [[Puerto Rico]], one person drowned in a swollen river.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bonnie Hits Florida on Way to Gulf|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/bonnie-hits-florida-on-way-to-gulf/|newspaper=CBS News|date=July 23, 2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Upon designation, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued along portions of the Florida coastline.<ref name="Btcr"/> Approximately 14,000 Florida customers lost power as Bonnie moved ashore. Minimal tropical storm-force winds affected Virginia Key, where a storm surge of {{convert|0.92|ft|m|abbr=on}} was also reported, and rainfall up to {{convert|3.25|in|mm|abbr=on}} across [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]] caused [[urban flooding]].<ref>{{cite report|agency=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Miami, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: Tropical Storm|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=251890|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Despite degenerating into a remnant low, Bonnie produced more substantial rainfall totals across Louisiana and Mississippi, officially peaking at {{convert|5.75|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Tylertown, Mississippi|Tylertown]].<ref>{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|title=Tropical Storm Bonnie - July 22-25, 2010|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/bonnie2010.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Radar estimates of {{convert|8|–|9|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain prompted flash flooding which washed out more than 20 roads and bridges in [[Washington Parish, Louisiana|Washington Parish]],<ref>{{cite report|agency=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana|title=Louisiana Event Report: Heavy Rain/Tropical System|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250193|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> while about 110 homes were flooded in [[West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana|West Baton Rouge Parish]].<ref>{{cite report|agency=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in New Orleans, Louisiana|title=Louisiana Event Report: Heavy Rain/Tropical System|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250182|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Remnant moisture combined with a cold front to produce damaging severe thunderstorms across portions of the Southeast in late July.<ref>{{cite report|agency=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas|title=Arkansas Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=237480|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Tropical Storm Colin ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Tropical Storm Colin August 5 1505UTC.jpg
 | Track         = Colin 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 50
 | Pressure      = 1005
 | Formed        = August 2
 | Dissipated    = August 8
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Colin (2010)}}
The interaction of two tropical waves and an [[Trough (meteorology)|upper-level trough]] led to the development of a tropical depression over the central Atlantic by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;2. The depression steadily organized after formation, intensifying into Tropical Storm Colin by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;3. An abnormally strong [[Ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] to the storm's north steered Colin to the west-northwest; reaching a forward speed up to {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, the system was unable to maintain a closed circulation and instead degenerated into a trough by 18:00&nbsp;UTC that day. Over the coming days, the trough decelerated and recurved north into a weakness in the ridge while still producing tropical storm-force winds. Satellite imagery showed the reformation of a well-defined circulation by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;5, and the system was once again classified as Tropical Storm Colin. After attaining peak winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, an approaching trough sheared the cyclone and turned it northeast. Colin weakened to a tropical depression by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;8 and degenerated into a trough for a second time twelve hours later; the trough dissipated early on August&nbsp;9.<ref name="Ctcr">{{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Colin|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL042010_Colin.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 4, 2010|access-date=January 12, 2017|pages=1, 2, 4|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

A tropical storm warning was raised for [[Bermuda]] as Colin approached but was later discontinued as it weakened.<ref name="Ctcr"/> Average winds of {{convert|31|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} were observed across the island, although peak winds fell just shy of tropical storm intensity at {{convert|37|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. [[L.F. Wade International Airport]] received {{convert|0.16|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall.<ref>{{cite report|title=BWS Daily Climatology Written Summary|url=http://www.weather.bm/climatereport/climateReport.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201144149/http://www.weather.bm/climatereport/climateReport.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 1, 2010|publisher=Bermuda Weather Service|date=August 9, 2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> Although Colin steered well clear of [[the Carolinas]], swells from the storm prompted at least 205 water rescues,<ref>{{cite web|author=Colin Hackman |title=Hundreds of ocean rescues on rip filled beaches |url=http://www.wect.com/Global/story.asp?S=12943857 |publisher=WECT News |date=August 9, 2010 |access-date=January 12, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230144844/http://www.wect.com/Global/story.asp?S=12943857 |archive-date=December 30, 2016 }}</ref> and a rip current off [[Ocracoke, North Carolina|Ocracoke]] led to the drowning of one man.<ref>{{cite web|author=Matthew Burns|title=Maryland man drowns off Ocracoke Island|url=http://www.wral.com/maryland-man-drowns-off-ocracoke-island/8105808/|publisher=WRAL News|date=August 9, 2010|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>
{{clear}}

=== Tropical Depression Five ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = 05L 2010-08-10 1840Z.jpg
 | Track         = 5-L 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 30
 | Pressure      = 1008
 | Formed        = August 10
 | Dissipated    = August 11
}}
{{Main|Tropical Depression Five (2010)}}
A non-tropical area of low pressure, first noted over the [[Gulf Stream]] on August&nbsp;7, entered the southeastern Gulf of Mexico and organized into a tropical depression about {{convert|120|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} west of [[Fort Myers, Florida]], by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;10. As the newly formed cyclone moved west-northwest, a nearby upper-level low imparted high wind shear and dry air entrainment, and the depression degenerated into a remnant low twelve hours later without attaining tropical storm intensity. Upon degeneration, the low moved into the Gulf Coast of the United States and conducted a clockwise loop.<ref name="5tcr">{{cite report|author=Michael J. Brennan|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Five|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL052010_Five.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 4, 2010|access-date=January 13, 2017|pages=1, 3|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> It emerged into the Gulf of Mexico again on August&nbsp;16, where the disturbance nearly regenerated into a tropical cyclone before making a second landfall in Mississippi the next day.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard J. Pasch|author2=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/2010/TWOAT.201008162008.txt|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 16, 2010|access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref> The remnants dissipated over the southeastern portion of the state on August&nbsp;18.<ref name="5tcr"/>

The tropical depression produced waves up to {{convert|3|ft|m|abbr=on}} around [[Anna Maria Island]], where two people died of fatigue-related heart attacks after being caught in a rip current.<ref>{{cite news|author=Christopher O'Donnell|title=Deaths show secluded beaches carry some risk|url=http://www.heraldtribune.com/news/20100814/deaths-show-secluded-beaches-carry-some-risk|newspaper=Sarasota Herald-Tribune|date=August 14, 2010|access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref> Heavy rainfall in the [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] and [[Mobile, Alabama]] areas—aided by instability from the remnants of the depression—flooded streets, inundating an apartment complex in the former city and cutting power to 1,921 customers in the latter city.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mark Schleifstein |title=Remnants of Tropical Depression 5 soak New Orleans area |url=http://www.nola.com/hurricane/index.ssf/2010/08/remnants_of_tropical_depressio.html |newspaper=The Times-Picayune |date=August 13, 2010 |access-date=January 13, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925070735/http://www.nola.com/hurricane/index.ssf/2010/08/remnants_of_tropical_depressio.html |archive-date=September 25, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Mark R. Kent|title=Intense thunderstorm dumps 3 inches of rain on Mobile, damages Archdiocese building|url=http://blog.al.com/live/2010/08/intense_thunderstorm_dumps_3_i.html|publisher=AL.com|date=August 15, 2010|access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref> Forty homes and businesses were flooded in [[Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana|Avoyelles Parish]].<ref>{{cite report|agency=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana|title=Louisiana Event Report: Heavy Rain|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=257929|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2010|access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref> Rainfall accumulations peaked south of [[Natchez, Mississippi]], where {{convert|13.9|in|mm|abbr=on}} was documented.<ref>{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|title=Tropical Depression Five - August 9-20, 2010|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/td05aof2010.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Danielle ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Danielle Aug 27 2010 1740Z.jpg
 | Track         = Danielle 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 115
 | Pressure      = 942
 | Formed        = August 21
 | Dissipated    = August 30
}}
The interaction of a vigorous tropical wave and a disturbance within the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] led to the formation of a tropical depression about {{convert|520|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} west-southwest of Cabo Verde by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;21. Steered by a ridge to its north, the depression steadily organized as it moved west-northwest, intensifying into Tropical Storm Danielle by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;22 and attaining hurricane intensity the following day. Influenced by moderate wind shear initially, Danielle maintained its status as a minimal hurricane for several days. Early on August&nbsp;26, however, a more conducive environment led to rapid intensification, and by 18:00&nbsp;UTC the next day, the storm attained its peak intensity as a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane with winds of {{convert|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Danielle began to round the western periphery of the steering ridge after peak intensity, curving northeast as it began an [[eyewall replacement cycle]]. The inner core change, combined with progressively cooler waters, resulted in the system weakening to a tropical storm by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;30 and degenerating into a remnant low six hours later. The low became extratropical on August&nbsp;31 maintained distinct until dissipating well east-southeast of [[Greenland]] on September&nbsp;3.<ref name="Dtcr">{{cite report|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Danielle|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL062010_Danielle.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 15, 2010|access-date=January 13, 2017|pages=1, 2, 4, 5|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

A tropical storm watch was issued for Bermuda on August&nbsp;27 but swiftly canceled the next day as Danielle steered well clear of the island.<ref name="Dtcr"/> Swells from the powerful hurricane reached the East Coast of the United States, leading to the rescues of 250 people in [[Ocean City, Maryland]] and an additional 70 people off the coast of Central Florida. The body of a man—whose death appeared to have been from drowning—was pulled from the waters of [[Satellite Beach, Florida]]; a second man went missing in Ocean City, but his body was never recovered and the search was eventually called off.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricanes roil Atlantic coast; 1 dead, 1 missing|url=http://www.wistv.com/global/story.asp?s=13060687|publisher=WIS News|date=August 30, 2010|access-date=January 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118090909/http://www.wistv.com/global/story.asp?s=13060687|archive-date=January 18, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Researchers examining the wreckage of [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] were forced to seek refuge in [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's, Newfoundland]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic explorers take cover from hurricane|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/titanic-explorers-take-cover-from-hurricane-1.939111|publisher=CBC News|date=August 30, 2010|access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref> swells as large as {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on}} impacted the coastline of Newfoundland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricane Season 2010: Danielle (Atlantic Ocean)|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2010/h2010_Danielle.html|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|date=August 31, 2010|access-date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Earl ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Earl 2010-09-02 0320Z.jpg
 | Track         = Earl 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 125
 | Pressure      = 927
 | Formed        = August 25
 | Dissipated    = September 4
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Earl (2010)}}
A vigorous tropical wave entered the Atlantic on August&nbsp;23, developing into a tropical depression off the western coast of Africa two days later at 06:00&nbsp;UTC. The nascent depression steadily intensified as it moved west-northwest, becoming Tropical Storm Earl six hours after formation and further strengthening into a hurricane by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;29. A weakness in the steering ridge, created by leading Hurricane Danielle, caused Earl to narrowly miss the northern Leeward Islands as it strengthened into a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane on August&nbsp;30. Intensification was temporarily stunted as the cyclone underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, but Earl ultimately attained peak winds of {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;2. Increased shear and a second replacement cycle caused the hurricane to rapidly weaken thereafter. It weakened to a tropical storm by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;4, and although the system briefly re-attained hurricane intensity as it moved ashore near [[Liverpool, Nova Scotia]], Earl transitioned into an extratropical cyclone twelve hours later. The extratropical low merged with another system over the [[Labrador Sea]] the next day.<ref name="Etcr">{{cite report|author=John P. Cangialosi|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Earl|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL072010_Earl.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 13, 2011|access-date=January 14, 2017|pages=1, 2, 6, 7|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Severe impacts from Earl in [[Antigua and Barbuda]] amounted to [[Eastern Caribbean dollar|EC]] $34&nbsp;million ($12.6 million&nbsp;[[United States dollar|USD]]).<ref>{{cite news|title=Hurricane Earl damages amount to $34M, report finds|url=http://antiguaobserver.com/hurricane-earl-damages-amount-to-34m-report-finds|newspaper=The Daily Observer|date=October 5, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202143333/http://antiguaobserver.com/hurricane-earl-damages-amount-to-34m-report-finds/|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> One person was electrocuted trying to restore power.<ref>{{cite report|author=Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency|title=CDEMA Situation Report #3 – Hurricane Earl|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/antigua-and-barbuda/cdema-situation-report-3-hurricane-earl|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 1, 2010|access-date=January 14, 2017}}</ref> Wind gusts neared or surpassed hurricane force across [[Guadeloupe]] and the [[French West Indies|French islands]], peaking at {{convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} in [[Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy|Gustavia]].<ref>{{cite report|title=Passage de L'ouragan Earl sur la Guadeloupe et les iles du nord les 29 et 30 Août 2010|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/antilles/pack-public/cyclone/saison2010/earl_%20gd_idn.pdf|publisher=Météo France|access-date=January 14, 2017|language=fr}}</ref> Approximately 7,500 residents were left without power across Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy, and Guadeloupe.<ref>{{cite web|title=US braces for Hurricane Earl|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2010/08/201083103531328596.html|publisher=Al Jazerra|date=August 30, 2010|access-date=January 14, 2017}}</ref> Heavy rainfall and strong wind gusts battered Saint Kitts and Nevis, leaving streets flooded and many residences without power.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sheena Brooks|title=Back on Track after Hurricane Earl|url=http://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/archives/back-on-track-after-hurricane-earl-by-sheena-brooks/|newspaper=The St Kitts & Nevis Observer|date=September 3, 2010|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref> In the British Virgin Islands, wind gusts up to {{convert|88|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} damaged or destroyed dozens of structures, resulting in up to $7 million in damage.<ref>{{cite web|author=Melissa French |title=Earl Cost Gov't $7M; Recent Flood to Cost More |url=http://www2.bviplatinum.com/news.php?module%3Dnews%26page%3DArticle%26articleID%3D1286500126 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5tKcbHUmH?url=http://www2.bviplatinum.com/news.php?module=news&page=Article&articleID=1286500126 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 8, 2010 |publisher=BVI Platinum News |access-date=January 15, 2017 }}</ref> Substantial effects were also observed in the U.S. Virgin Islands, where total infrastructure losses were placed at $2.5 million and revenue losses from deterred vacationers reached $10.7 million.<ref>{{cite web|author=Aldeth Lewin|title=Obama declares Earl a USVI disaster, allowing federal aid|url=http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/topstory-Obama-declares-Earl-a-USVI-disaster,-allowing-federal-aid-2283.html|publisher=Caribbean News Now|date=October 2, 2010|access-date=January 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116165518/http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/topstory-Obama-declares-Earl-a-USVI-disaster,-allowing-federal-aid-2283.html|archive-date=2017-01-16|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Joy Blackburn|title=V.I. can feel economic winds from hurricanes far from territory|url=http://www.triborobanner.com/v-i-can-feel-economic-winds-from-hurricanes-far-from-territory-1.1012823|publisher=The Triboro Banner|date=September 15, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116175315/http://www.triborobanner.com/v-i-can-feel-economic-winds-from-hurricanes-far-from-territory-1.1012823|archive-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> Flooding and downed power lines in Puerto Rico left 187,000 residents without power and an additional 60,000 without water access.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gay Nagle Myers|title=Hurricane Earl does damage in Anguilla|url=http://www.travelweekly.com/Caribbean-Travel/Hurricane-Earl-does-damage-in-Anguilla|publisher=Travel Weekly|date=September 1, 2010|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref> As Earl paralleled the East Coast of the United States, it produced varying degrees of impact; North Carolina was hardest hit, with over $3.5 million in damage.<ref name="Etcr"/> Three people were killed in rough seas off Florida,<ref name="Etcr"/><ref>{{cite news|author=David Landes|title=Swedish sailor missing after tropical storm Earl|url=http://www.thelocal.se/20100905/28786|newspaper=The Local|date=September 5, 2010|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|agency=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Miami, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: High Surf|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=260617|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2010|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref> one person was killed by rough seas off Maine,<ref name="Etcr"/> and two people were killed by rip currents off New Jersey.<ref name="Etcr"/> Approximately 940,000 people were left without power across Nova Scotia and surrounding areas, where one death occurred.<ref name="Etcr"/><ref>{{cite news|author=Agence-France Presse|title=Hurricane Earl sweeps through Canada|url=http://www.theage.com.au//breaking-news-world/hurricane-earl-sweeps-through-canada-20100905-14vjz.html|newspaper=The Age|date=September 5, 2010|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Tropical Storm Fiona ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Fiona 2010-09-01 1450Z.jpg
 | Track         = Fiona 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 55
 | Pressure      = 998
 | Formed        = August 30
 | Dissipated    = September 3
}}
A large and convective tropical wave moved off the western coast of Africa in late August, developing into a tropical depression by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;30 about {{convert|1,035|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of the Lesser Antilles. Satellite imagery and data from a research aircraft indicated the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Fiona six hours later. Directed by an expansive mid-level ridge to its north, the cyclone moved west-northwest for several days, attaining peak winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;1 as it passed close to the northern Leeward Islands. Fiona's position between the mid-level ridge and the large circulation of Hurricane Earl off The Carolinas turned the storm northwest and then north as it encountered increasingly strong wind shear and began to weaken. Expansive outflow from Earl caused Fiona's low-level circulation to become dislocated from its convection, and the system degenerated into a remnant low by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;4.<ref name="Ftcr">{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Fiona|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL082010_Fiona.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 18, 2010|access-date=January 15, 2017|pages=1, 2, 4|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> The remnant low passed near Bermuda, producing light winds and about {{convert|0.78|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.bm/climate.asp |title=Climate data for Bermuda - September 2010 |publisher=Bermuda Weather Service |access-date=January 15, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216052441/http://www.weather.bm/climate.asp |archive-date=December 16, 2009 }}</ref> before dissipating the next day.<ref name="Ftcr"/>
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=== Tropical Storm Gaston ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Gaston Sept 1 2010 1310Z.jpg
 | Track         = Gaston 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 35
 | Pressure      = 1005
 | Formed        = September 1
 | Dissipated    = September 2
}}
A strong tropical wave organized into a tropical depression by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;1 about {{convert|920|mi|km|abbr=on}} west-southwest of Cabo Verde. With a burst of convection near its center, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Gaston six hours later and reached peak winds of {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="Gtcr">{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Gaston|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092010_Gaston.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 18, 2010|access-date=January 15, 2017|pages=1–3|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Despite initial projections that Gaston would become an increasingly strong hurricane over the central Atlantic,<ref>{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Tropical Storm Gaston Discussion Number 2|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/al09/al092010.discus.002.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 1, 2010|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref> exceptionally dry air began to wrap in the storm after peak. It weakened to a tropical depression by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;2 and further degenerated into a remnant low by 18:00&nbsp;UTC that day. The system nearly regenerated into a tropical cyclone the following day as shallow convection wrapped into the center, but the increased organization was transient and it ultimately remained a remnant low until dissipating southeast on the Dominican Republic on September&nbsp;8.<ref name="Gtcr"/> The remnants of Gaston produced sporadic rainfall across Puerto Rico, peaking at {{convert|3.03|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Naguabo, Puerto Rico|Naguabo]].<ref>{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|title=Remnants of Gaston - September 6-7, 2010|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/gaston2010.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|access-date=January 15, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Tropical Storm Hermine ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Hermine 2010-09-06 1955Z.jpg
 | Track         = Hermine 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 60
 | Pressure      = 989
 | Formed        = September 5
 | Dissipated    = September 9
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)}}
The East Pacific's [[Tropical Depression Eleven-E (2010)|Tropical Depression Eleven-E]] moved across Mexico and degenerated into a remnant low on September&nbsp;4. Its low and mid-level circulations survived crossing Mexico and entered the southern Bay of Campeche, reforming as a tropical depression by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;5. Steered north to north-northwest, the cyclone quickly strengthened as deep convection fired over its center; it intensified into Tropical Storm Hermine by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;6 and attained peak winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 02:00&nbsp;UTC the following day as it made landfall near Matamoros, Mexico.<ref name="Htcr">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Hermine|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL102010_Hermine.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 22, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017|pages=1, 4|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Despite being well inland, Hermine continued to maintain an inner core and only slowly weakened.<ref>{{cite report|author=John P. Cangialosi|author2=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Storm Hermine Discussion Number 8|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/al10/al102010.discus.008.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 7, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> It fell to tropical depression status over central Texas by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;8 and ultimately dissipated over southeastern Kansas by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;10.<ref name="Htcr"/>

Tropical storm-force winds affected mainly coastal sections of northern Mexico; Matamoros recorded peak sustained winds of {{convert|53|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} with gusts to {{convert|67|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Dozens of structures were damaged, trees and power lines were downed, and many residents were left without power.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hermine Weakens to Tropical Depression|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hermine-weakens-to-tropical-depression/|work=CBS News|date=September 7, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> Impact was more significant across the United States—most notably in Texas—where 283 homes sustained minor damage, 231 homes sustained major damage, and 68 homes were destroyed.<ref>{{cite report|author=State of Texas|title=Tropical Storm Hermine Situation Report Six|publisher=Texas State Operations Center|date=September 13, 2010}}</ref> Torrential rainfall, peaking at {{convert|16.37|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Georgetown, Texas|Georgetown]],<ref>{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|title=Tropical Depression 11-E/T.S. Hermine - September 3-11, 2010|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/hermine2010.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> forced more than 100 high water rescues.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ken Miller|title=Deadly remnants of Hermine pound Texas, Okla.|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/weather/storms/2010-09-08-hermine-texas_N.htm|work=USA Today|date=September 10, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> In Oklahoma, flash flooding resulted in severe infrastructure damage.<ref>{{cite web|author=Courtney Bullard|title=Sequoyah County denied flood assistance|url=http://www.sequoyahcountytimes.com/news/local_news/article_db7d5465-3c00-5634-a3bc-2e3ce51ecc7e.html|publisher=Sequoyah County Times|date=November 12, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uT0xsvKV?url=http://www.sequoyahcountytimes.com/view/full_story/10296966/article-Sequoyah-County-denied-flood-assistance-?instance=top_story|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 24, 2010}}</ref> Several tornadoes touched down in both states.<ref name="Htcr"/> Seven people were killed in Texas and one in Oklahoma,<ref>{{cite web|title=Death toll from remnants of Tropical Storm Hermine reaches 8 after 2 bodies found in Texas|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/09/14/death-toll-remnants-tropical-storm-hermine-reaches-bodies-texas.html|publisher=Fox News|date=September 14, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> while the total damage total reached $240 million.<ref name="Htcr"/>
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=== Hurricane Igor ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Formed        = September 8
 | Dissipated    = September 21
 | Image         = File:Igor 2010-09-14 1945Z.png
 | Track         = Igor 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 135
 | Pressure      = 924
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Igor}}
The most intense hurricane of the season began as a tropical wave that organized into a tropical depression southeast of Cabo Verde early on September&nbsp;8. Initial organization was fast-paced, and the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Igor six hours after formation. Igor moved west to west-northwest for several days while embedded within the [[monsoon trough]]. Increased vertical shear caused the cyclone to temporarily weaken to a tropical depression by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;9, but it re-attained tropical storm intensity the next day and further strengthened to a hurricane by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;12. After rapid intensification and a subsequent eyewall replacement cycle, Igor attained its peak with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;15. Inner core changes continued after peak, and Igor continued as a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane for several days until increased shear and dry air entrainment forced a consistent weakening trend early on September&nbsp;17. The system recurved north-northeast while passing within {{convert|60|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} of Bermuda as a minimal hurricane. It eventually made landfall near [[Cape Race|Cape Race, Newfoundland]] with winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 15:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;21 and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone three hours later. The extratropical low was absorbed by a larger such system between Greenland and [[Labrador]] on September&nbsp;23.<ref name="Itcr">{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|author2=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Igor|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112010_Igor.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 15, 2011|access-date=January 16, 2017|pages=1, 2, 6, 7|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Although Igor steered well clear of the Caribbean, large swells of {{convert|15|–|20|ft|m|abbr=on}} propagated from the storm, drowning one person in [[St. Croix]] and another in Puerto Rico.<ref name="Itcr"/> Large waves affected the East Coast of the United States, and one person drowned in [[Surf City, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Matt Tomsic|title=Surfer dies after being pulled from water at Surf City|url=http://www.starnewsonline.com/news/20100919/surfer-dies-after-being-pulled-from-water-at-surf-city|newspaper=Star News|date=September 19, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> In Bermuda, sustained winds of {{convert|91|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and gusts up to {{convert|117|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} downed trees and power lines, cutting power to approximately 28,000 residents. Rainfall was largely insignificant, peaking at {{convert|3.19|in|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Itcr"/> Impacts near the storm's landfall in Newfoundland were more severe. Rainfall amounts of more than {{convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on}} were widespread, with a peak of {{convert|9.37|in|mm|abbr=on}} in St Lawrence; as such, Igor ranks as the third wettest tropical cyclone to impact [[Atlantic Canada]].<ref>{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|title=Hurricane Igor - September 20-21, 2010|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/igor2010.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> Run-off from the torrential rainfall damaged or destroyed structures, killed a man when his driveway was washed out and he was swept away, and isolated approximately 150 communities.<ref name="Canadarpt">{{cite report|author=Government of Canada|title=Review of the Past Hurricane Season: Reports of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, and Tropical Disturbances and Related Flooding During 2010|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/Doc.4.2.2_Canada.doc|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=March 8, 2011|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref> Sustained winds of {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} with gusts to {{convert|107|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[Cape Pine]] downed trees and power lines while damaging or destroying many homes.<ref name="Canadarpt"/> Approximately 50,000 households lost power during the peak of the storm.<ref>{{cite news|author=QMI Agency|title=Igor cleanup will take months|url=http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2010/09/27/15490226.html|newspaper=The Toronto Sun|date=September 27, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101121348/https://torontosun.com/news/canada/2010/09/27/15490226.html|archive-date=November 1, 2016}}</ref> The overall damage total reached $200 million across Newfoundland, making Igor the costliest hurricane on record there.<ref name="Itcr"/> It was regarded as the worst storm of tropical origin to hit Newfoundland since [[Hurricane Two (1935)|1935]].<ref name="Government of Canada">{{cite web|author=Government of Canada|title=Notable Canadian Tropical Cyclones|url=https://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=En&n=CC8A7AA0-1|publisher=Environment and Climate Change Canada|access-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Julia ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = File:Julia 2010-09-15 1445Z.png
 | Track         = Julia 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 120
 | Pressure      = 948
 | Formed        = September 12
 | Dissipated    = September 20
}}
{{main|Hurricane Julia (2010)}}
A vigorous tropical wave moved off the western coast of Africa on September&nbsp;11 and almost immediately led to the formation of a tropical depression by 06:00&nbsp;UTC the next day. Steered in a traditional west-northwest fashion, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Julia twelve hours later and continued steady strengthening to become a hurricane by 12:00&nbsp;UTC September&nbsp;14.<ref name="Jtcr">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven II|author2=Christopher W. Landsea|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Julia|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL122010_Julia.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Cener|date=December 9, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017|pages=1, 2, 5, 6|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> As a reminder of limited hurricane intensity forecasting skill,<ref>{{cite web|author=John P. Cangialosi|title=Hurricane Julia Discussion Number 13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/al12/al122010.discus.013.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 15, 2010|access-date=January 16, 2017|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> the system began a period of rapid intensification thereafter, attaining peak winds of {{convert|140|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;15. Julia became the easternmost Category&nbsp;4 hurricane on record in the Atlantic as a result. After peak, the system recurved around a ridge while simultaneously weakening under influence of Hurricane Igor's outflow. It fell back to tropical storm intensity by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;18 and degenerated into a remnant low by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;20 while located about {{convert|1,095|mi|km|abbr=on}} west of the [[Azores]]. The remnant low turned back west, dissipating late on September&nbsp;24.<ref name="Jtcr"/>

The Government of Cabo Verde issued a tropical storm warning for the island chain as Julia approached.<ref name="Jtcr"/> Gusts of {{convert|24|–|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} damaged [[maize|maize crops]], and waves of {{convert|9.8|–|14.8|ft|m|abbr=on}} affected the coastline. Landslides isolated the community of Covão Grande.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tempestade tropical Júlia afasta-se de Cabo Verde|url=http://www.rtc.cv/index.php?paginas=21&id_cod=1428|publisher=Radiotelevisão Caboverdiana|date=September 14, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122931/http://www.rtc.cv/index.php?paginas=21&id_cod=1428|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Rainfall was insignificant, peaking at {{convert|0.39|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Weather History for Sal, Cabo Verde: September 12, 2010|url=https://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/GVAC/2010/9/12/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|publisher=Weather Underground|date=September 12, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007090646/https://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/GVAC/2010/9/12/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|archive-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Weather History for Sal, Cabo Verde: September 13, 2010|url=https://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/GVAC/2010/9/13/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|publisher=Weather Underground|date=September 12, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007090913/http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/GVAC/2010/9/13/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|archive-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Karl ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = File:Karl 2010-09-17 1415Z.png
 | Track         = Karl 2010 track.png
 | 1-min winds   = 110
 | Pressure      = 956
 | Formed        = September 14
 | Dissipated    = September 18
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Karl}}
The interaction of a tropical wave and another elongated trough led to the development of a tropical depression by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;14 about {{convert|375|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east of [[Chetumal|Chetumal, Mexico]]. The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Karl six hours later and continued to strengthen until moving ashore near Rio Huach, Mexico, with winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} at 12:45&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;15. Although the storm's winds diminished over land, the structure of the storm actually improved, allowing Karl to quickly become a hurricane by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;16 once emerging over the [[Bay of Campeche]]. A period of rapid deepening brought the cyclone to its peak of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} early on September&nbsp;17, the only major hurricane on record in the Bay of Campeche. Increasing shear and dry air entrainment caused Karl to weaken slightly, but it retained winds of {{convert|115|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} while making landfall just north of [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz, Mexico]] by 16:45&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;17. The system weakened rapidly over the mountainous terrain of Mexico, falling to tropical storm intensity by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;18, weakening to a tropical depression six hours later, and dissipating about {{convert|85|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} southeast of Veracruz by 12:00&nbsp;UTC.<ref name="Ktcr">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Karl|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL132010_Karl.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 31, 2011|access-date=January 17, 2017|pages=1, 2, 6|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Throughout [[Quintana Roo]], heavy rains from Karl resulted in scattered flooding which forced hundreds of families from their homes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Karl, una de las peores tormentas: autoridades|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/709136.html|work=El Universal|date=September 15, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017|language=es}}</ref> More than 600 houses were destroyed in the city of Chetumal as a result of flooding and landslides.<ref name="AONreport">{{cite report|title=Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report|url=http://www.aon.com/attachments/reinsurance/201012_if_annual_global_climate_cat_report.pdf|publisher=AON Benefield|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> At the height of the storm, a total of 54,265&nbsp;residents were without power; however, most had their electricity restored within a day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Daños eléctricos en Quintana Roo a causa de la tormenta "Karl"|url=https://a7.com.mx/index.php?notaid=4625|publisher=Artículo 7|date=September 15, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017|language=es}}</ref> Thousands of hectares of crops were lost.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ernestoa Perea|title=Daños agropecuarios e inundaciones deja el año más húmedo en 60 años|url=http://imagenagropecuaria.com/2010/danos_agropecuarios_e_inundaciones_deja_el_ano_mas_humedo_en_60_anos/|publisher=Imagen Agropecuaria|date=September 22, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017|language=es}}</ref> Upon making landfall in Veracruz, Karl caused widespread heavy rainfall, peaking at {{convert|17.83|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Misantla|Misantla, Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|author=David M. Roth|title=Hurricane Karl - September 14-18, 2010|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/karl2010.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> Strong winds uprooted hundreds of thousands of trees and downed power lines, leaving up to 280,000 residents in the dark.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hay 235 mil casas sin luz en Veracruz|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2010/234527/6/hay-235-mil-casas-sin-luz-en-veracruz.htm|publisher=El Informador|date=September 18, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017|language=es}}</ref> More than 200,000 homes were damaged or destroyed across the states of Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca.<ref name="AONreport"/> A total of 22 people were killed by the storm, and the damage cost totaled to approximately $3.9 billion.<ref name="Ktcr"/><ref name="AONreport"/>
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=== Hurricane Lisa ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Lisa 2010-09-25 0010Z.jpg
 | Track         = Lisa 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = September 20
 | Dissipated    = September 26
 | 1-min winds   = 75
 | Pressure      = 982
}}
Following a sequence of [[Cape Verde hurricane]]s, another tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 16. A broad area of low pressure developed in association with the wave as it passed southwest of Cape Verde. By 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;20, the wave developed into a tropical depression about {{convert|460|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} southwest of Cape Verde. An unusually weak subtropical ridge steered the system north, east, and then north again over subsequent days. The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Lisa six hours after formation, but fell back to tropical depression intensity by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;22 as dry air entered the circulation. A more favorable environment allowed Lisa to re-attain tropical storm status by 12:00&nbsp;UTC the following day and subsequently begin a period of rapid intensification. The small cyclone reached hurricane intensity by 21:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;24 and attained peak winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} six hours later. Progressively cooler waters and stronger shear caused Lisa to weaken to a tropical storm early on September&nbsp;25, weaken to a tropical depression early on September&nbsp;26, and degenerate into a remnant low at 18:00&nbsp;UTC that day. The remnant low moved northwest and north, dissipating by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;29 about {{convert|595|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southwest of the Azores.<ref>{{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Lisa|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL142010_Lisa.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|pages=1, 2, 4|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>
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=== Tropical Storm Matthew ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Matthew 2010-09-24 1630Z.jpg
 | Track         = Matthew 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = September 23
 | Dissipated    = September 26
 | 1-min winds   = 50
 | Pressure      = 998
}}
{{main|Tropical Storm Matthew (2010)}}
The same tropical wave that led to the formation of Julia moved off the western coast of Africa on September&nbsp;11, leading to the development of a tropical depression by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;23 about {{convert|565|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east of [[Cabo Gracias a Dios]]. Steered west to west-northwest by a subtropical ridge to its north, the depression steadily organized, intensifying into Tropical Storm Matthew six hours after formation and attaining peak winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;23, an intensity it maintained while making just south of Cabo Gracias a Dios an hour later. The system briefly emerged into the Gulf of Honduras on September&nbsp;25 before making a second landfall north-northeast of Monkey River Town, Belize, with winds of {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} around 15:00&nbsp;UTC. The system weakened quickly once inland, falling to a tropical depression by 18:00&nbsp;UTC and degenerating into a remnant low by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;26. The remnant low turned southwest and dissipated twelve hours later.<ref name="Mtcr">{{cite report|author=Michael J. Brennan|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Matthew|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152010_Matthew.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 30, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017|pages=1, 2, 5|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

The precursor wave to Matthew produced heavy rainfall across portions of [[Venezuela]], destroying several homes and leading to eight fatalities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fourteen dead in tropical storm|newspaper=News.com.au|url=http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/fourteen-dead-in-tropical-storm/news-story/e1382e8f9a63fbc3db60f4a6ad92715f|publisher=News.com.au|date=September 26, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> Impacts extended across Central America, especially in [[Nicaragua]] where 70 people were killed. Bridges were collapsed, roads were destroyed, communication lines were downed, and up to 255 communities were affected by the storm there.<ref>{{cite report|title=CWS Emergency Situation Report: 2010 Tropical Storm Matthew|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/nicaragua/cws-emergency-situation-report-2010-tropical-storm-matthew|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=October 1, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> Similar but less severe damage was observed in [[Honduras]], where four people were killed, and in [[El Salvador]], where one person died.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Disaster Database: Disaster List |url=http://www.emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html |publisher=EM-DAT |access-date=January 17, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708003828/http://emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html |archive-date=July 8, 2015 }}</ref> Widespread rainfall totals of {{convert|10|in|mm|abbr=on}} were recorded across Veracruz, peaking at {{convert|16.73|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Acayucan]].<ref>{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|title=Tropical Storm Matthew - September 23-26, 2010|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/matthew2010.html|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> The combined impacts of Hurricane Karl and Tropical Storm Matthew in the state cost up to $8 billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical storms cost Mexican state $8 bn|url=http://www.laprensasa.com/2.0/3/309/881086/America-in-English/Tropical-storms-cost-Mexican-state-8-bn.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20101018115300/http://www.laprensasa.com/2.0/3/309/881086/America-in-English/Tropical-storms-cost-Mexican-state-8-bn.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 18, 2010|publisher=La Prensa|date=October 14, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> Flooding from Matthew further inland in Mexico, which was already observing one of its wettest years on record, led to a landslide in [[Santa María Tlahuitoltepec]] that killed seven people.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jo Tuckman|author2=Rory Carroll|title=Hundreds feared dead in Mexico landslide|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/28/hundreds-feared-dead-mexico-landslide|work=The Guardian|date=September 28, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Tropical Storm Nicole ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Nicole Sept 29 2010.jpg
 | Track         = Nicole 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = September 28
 | Dissipated    = September 29
 | 1-min winds   = 40
 | Pressure      = 995
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Nicole (2010)}}
The remnants of Matthew combined with a broad area of low pressure over the northwestern Caribbean to form Tropical Storm Nicole by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;28, about {{convert|75|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south of the [[Isla de la Juventud|Isle of Youth, Cuba]]. Affected by strong westerly shear, Nicole never inherited a traditional appearance on satellite imagery; instead, it was characterized by an ill-defined circulation west of most convection, with the strongest winds well displaced from the center. The cyclone attained peak winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} shortly after formation, but its center of circulation became increasingly diffuse as Nicole tracked toward the Cuba coastline, leading to degeneration into a remnant low by 15:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;29. The low moved north-northeast into the Bahamas, where it became extratropical and quickly weakened to a trough on September&nbsp;30.<ref name="Ntcr">{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Nicole|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162010_Nicole.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 31, 2011|access-date=January 17, 2017|pages=1, 2, 4|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Nicole produced a tremendous amount of rain in Jamaica, totaling to {{convert|37.42|in|mm|abbr=on}} in Belleisle.<ref name="Ntcr"/> Severe flooding and landslides affected up to 507,831 residents, resulting 16 deaths and 42 injuries.<ref name="Nicoleassessment">{{cite report|title=Tropical Storm Nicole Impact Assessment|url=http://www.pioj.gov.jm/Portals/0/Sustainable_Development/Tropical%20Storm%20Nicole_Impact%20Assessment_Final.pdf|publisher=Planning Institute of Jamaica|date=November 2010|access-date=January 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000535/http://www.pioj.gov.jm/Portals/0/Sustainable_Development/Tropical%20Storm%20Nicole_Impact%20Assessment_Final.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Flooded roadways isolated communities, trapping hundreds of people in their homes.<ref>{{cite report|title=DREF operation final report – Jamaica: Tropical Storm Nicole|url=http://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/10/MDRJM002dfr.pdf|publisher=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|work=Disaster Relief Emergency Fund|date=June 2, 2011|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> Over 288,000 residences lost power, over 40 percent of the island's water supply systems were inoperable at one point, and dozens of bridges collapsed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tropical Storm Nicole bringing rain to South Florida|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/weather/storms/2010-09-29-tropical-storm-nicole_N.htm|work=USA Today|agency=Associated Press|date=September 29, 2010|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> Infrastructure damage totaled to $235.4 million,<ref>{{cite news|title=Tropical Storm Nicole bill now at $20 billion|url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/power/23714|newspaper=Jamaica Observer|date=October 27, 2010|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> while property damage reached $3.2 million and agricultural damage amounted to $6.8 million.<ref name="Nicoleassessment"/> In nearby Cuba, rainfall reached {{convert|9.22|in|mm|abbr=on}} and winds gusted to {{convert|53|mph|km/h|abbr=on}};<ref name="Ntcr"/> houses were flooded, crops were damaged, and livestock was killed as a result.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lluvias causan daños en cultivos y viviendas|url=http://www.elnuevoherald.com/ultimas-noticias/article2009039.html|publisher=Noticias 24|newspaper=El Nuevo Herald|date=October 2, 2010|access-date=January 20, 2017|language=es}}</ref> Similar impacts occurred across the Cayman Islands, with sporadic power outages, flooding in low-lying locations, and damaged houses.<ref>{{cite report|title=Annual Report 2010-2011|url=http://www.caymanprepared.ky/portal/pls/portal/docs/1/10206091.PDF|publisher=Cayman Prepared|work=Hazard Management Cayman Islands|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> While the remnants of Nicole produced only minor impacts across Florida, mainly in the form of street flooding,<ref name="Ntcr"/> impacts were much more severe across the Mid-Atlantic as the system combined with a large area of low pressure across the region.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricane Season 2010: Tropical Storm Nicole (Atlantic Ocean)|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2010/h2010_Nicole.html|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|date=October 4, 2010|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> Record-breaking rainfall, accumulating to {{convert|22.54|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Wilmington, North Carolina]], closed over 150 roadways, knocked out power, and caused traffic accidents.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ron Scherer|title=Remnants of tropical storm Nicole wallop East Coast with huge rainfall|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/1001/Remnants-of-tropical-storm-Nicole-wallop-East-Coast-with-huge-rainfall|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor|date=October 1, 2010|access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Otto ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Otto 2010-10-09 0203Z.jpg
 | Track         = Otto 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = October 6
 | Dissipated    = October 10
 | 1-min winds   = 75
 | Pressure      = 976
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Otto (2010)}}
A [[tropical wave]] departed the western coast of Africa on September&nbsp;26, becoming entangled with an upper-level trough to form a subtropical depression by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;6, about {{convert|265|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} north-northwest of San Juan, Puerto Rico. The depression recurved sharply northeast and quickly strengthened into Subtropical Storm Otto six hours after formation. On October&nbsp;7, Otto completed transition into a fully tropical cyclone as deep convection formed over its center, despite weakening during the process. The system further intensified into a hurricane by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;8 and attained peak winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} twelve hours later. An abrupt increase in wind shear caused Otto to weaken as it accelerated northeast; it fell to tropical storm intensity by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;10 and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone six hours later while positioned about {{convert|1,035|mi|km|abbr=on}} east-northeast of Bermuda. The extratropical cyclone persisted for several days, eventually becoming a non-convective swirl early on October&nbsp;14 and dissipating by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;18.<ref name="TCR-Otto">{{cite report|author=John P. Cangialosi|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Otto|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL172010_Otto.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 17, 2010|access-date=January 18, 2017|pages=1, 2, 4, 5|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Otto and its precursor disturbance brought several days of rainfall and gusty winds to the Greater Antilles. In St. Lucia, 400 houses were severely flooded or destroyed, access to water was cut off, and power outages were observed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Red Cross responds to St Lucia floods|url=http://www.caribbean360.com/news/red-cross-responds-to-st-lucia-floods|publisher=Caribbean 360|date=October 18, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001751/http://www.caribbean360.com/news/red-cross-responds-to-st-lucia-floods|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Storm impacts in Saint Kitts and Nevis flooded homes, caused minor beach erosion, topped bridges, washed out roads, and caused severe disruption to electrical services.<ref>{{cite web|title=Heavy rains, high winds in SKN disrupt residents' daily routine|url=http://www.sknvibes.com/News/NewsDetails.cfm/15329|publisher=SKN Vibes|date=October 8, 2010|access-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> Throughout the U.S. Virgin Islands, monthly rainfall records were shattered, with {{convert|21.52|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Red Hook, U.S. Virgin Islands|Red Hook]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Joy Blackburn|title=Storm pummels St. Croix|url=http://thetimes-tribune.com/news/storm-pummels-st-croix-1.1045082|publisher=The Times Tribune|work=Daily News|date=October 7, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001444/https://www.thetimes-tribune.com/news/storm-pummels-st-croix-1.1045082|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Flooding and landslides on surrounding islands closed roads and highways.<ref>{{cite web|author=Joy Blackburn|author2=Aldeth Lewin|title=Otto's onslaught spread havoc|url=http://www.triborobanner.com/news/otto-s-onslaught-spreads-havoc-1.1045699|publisher=The Triboro Banner|work=Daily News|date=October 8, 2010|access-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> Across the British Virgin Islands, the worst flooding in the nation's history—with precipitation amounts up to {{convert|24.98|in|mm|abbr=on}}—overturned cars, damaged drainage pipes and utility lines, and left residents without water.<ref>{{cite news|author=Danica Coto|title=Tropical Storm Otto unleashes floods|url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/world/tropical-storm-otto-unleashes-floods-2010100812|newspaper=Newshub|date=October 7, 2010|access-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> Widespread flooding across Puerto Rico affected at least 295 roads, including at least 14 that were severely damaged, and impacted crops.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gobierno desembolsará millones por estragos causados por Otto|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/nota/gobiernodesembolsaramillonesporestragoscausadosporotto-796333/|publisher=El Nuevodia|date=October 11, 2010|access-date=January 21, 2017|language=es}}</ref> Landslides and downed utility poles isolated communities, waters supplies were contaminated, and numerous people required rescuing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Familias incomunicadas en Arecibo, Ponce y Cayey|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/nota/familiasincomunicadasenareciboponceycayey-794233/|publisher=El Nuevodia|date=October 7, 2010|access-date=January 21, 2017|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Estado de emergencia en toda la Isla|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/nota/estadodeemergenciaentodalaisla-794673/|publisher=El Nuevodia|date=October 8, 2010|access-date=January 21, 2017|language=es}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Paula ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Hurricane Paula 2010-10-12 1620Z.jpg
 | Track         = Paula 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = October 11
 | Dissipated    = October 15
 | 1-min winds   = 90
 | Pressure      = 981
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Paula}}
The complex interaction between a cold front, multiple tropical waves, and a broad area of low pressure in the wake of Nicole led to the formation of a tropical depression by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;11 about {{convert|115|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} southeast of Cabo Gracias a Dios. The nascent cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Paula six hours later, briefly moving ashore the northeastern tip of Honduras early on October&nbsp;11 before re-emerging into the northwestern Caribbean. Amid a favorable environment, Paula intensified into a hurricane by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;12 and attained peak winds of {{convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} at 18:00&nbsp;UTC while maintaining an unusually small size. An increase in shear prompted a steady weakening trend as the system turned north and then east. Paula fell to tropical storm intensity early on October&nbsp;14, making landfall between Santa Lucia and Puerto Esperanza with winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. The system further weakened to a tropical depression early on October&nbsp;15 and degenerated into a remnant low by 12:00&nbsp;UTC. The remnant low quickly became diffuse, dissipating at 18:00&nbsp;UTC.<ref name="Ptcr">{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Paula|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL182010_Paula.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 20, 2010|access-date=January 18, 2017|pages=1, 2, 5|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

In northeastern Honduras, low-lying areas were evacuated and numerous homes were destroyed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricane Paula Lashes Honduras, Nears Yucatán|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hurricane-paula-lashes-honduras-nears-yucatan/|work=CBS News|date=October 12, 2010|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> Rainfall peaked at {{convert|7.9|in|mm|abbr=on}}, resulting in widespread flooding.<ref>{{cite web|title=Huracán "Paula" se aleja de Honduras|url=http://www.laprensa.hn/honduras/478511-97/hurac%C3%A1n-paula-se-aleja-de-honduras|publisher=LaPrensa|date=October 12, 2010|access-date=April 26, 2017|language=es}}</ref> Waves up to {{convert|7|ft|m|abbr=on}} affected the coastline.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tormenta tropical Paula daña casas y derriba árboles en Honduras|url=http://www.primerahora.com/noticias/mundo/nota/tormentatropicalpauladanacasasyderribaarbolesenhonduras-432919/|publisher=Primera Hora|date=October 12, 2010|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> An American tourist drowned off [[Cozumel]] after succumbing to rough seas.<ref name="Ptcr" /> Only very minor impacts were observed along the northeastern coastline of the Yucatán Peninsula.<ref>{{cite web|title=Weather History for Quintana Roo|url=https://www.wunderground.com/dashboard/pws/IQUINTAN5/graph/2010-10-13/2010-10-13/daily|publisher=Weather Underground|date=October 13, 2010|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> The outer bands of Paula affected Cuba, where rainfall peaked at {{convert|7.32|in|mm|abbr=on}} and winds reached {{convert|68|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Ptcr" /><ref>{{cite web|title=A weakening Paula drenches Cuba|url=http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.cuba/2010-10/msg00412.html|publisher=Der Keiler|date=October 15, 2010|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427100637/http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.cuba/2010-10/msg00412.html|archive-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref> The strong winds downed many trees, blocking roadways, and damaged the roofs of several homes. The rain, however, was regarded as generally beneficial to crops and low reservoirs. Rough seas removed concrete from [[Havana]]'s sea wall and submerged coastal streets under {{convert|1|–|2|ft|m|abbr=on}} of water.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuba's capital cleans up from Tropical Storm Paula|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2010/10/15/cubas-capital-cleans-tropical-storm-paula.html|publisher=Fox News|date=October 15, 2010|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Richard ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Hurricane Richard 2010-10-24 1645Z.jpg
 | Track         = Richard 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = October 20
 | Dissipated    = October 25
 | 1-min winds   = 85
 | Pressure      = 977
}}
{{main|Hurricane Richard}}
An area of disturbed weather within a persistent, broad trough across the southwestern Caribbean organized into the nineteenth tropical depression of the season by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;20 about {{convert|195|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} north of Cabo Gracias a Dios. The depression was slow to organize at first, affected by dry air and moderate shear from a trough over the Southeast United States and western Atlantic, but eventually strengthened into Tropical Storm Richard by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;21 as it curved south and then west. Upper-level winds slackened over subsequent days, allowing the cyclone to attain hurricane intensity early on October&nbsp;24 and reach peak winds of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 00:00&nbsp;UTC the next day. Richard moved ashore near Gales Point, Belize, thirty minutes later. The system weakened rapidly once inland, degenerating into a remnant low by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;26. Despite emerging over the Bay of Campeche, high wind shear prevented redevelopment and instead caused the feature to dissipate eighteen hours later.<ref name="Rtcr">{{cite report|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Richard|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL192010_Richard.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 13, 2011|access-date=January 18, 2017|pages=1, 2, 5|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Although Richard tracked north of Honduras, strong winds along the coastline downed trees and power lines. Mudslides stranded up to 15,000 people across 40 different towns. The island of [[Roatán]] received a gust of {{convert|58|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|agency=The Associated Press|title=Richard becomes hurricane, heads for tiny Belize|url=http://www.sify.com/news/richard-becomes-hurricane-heads-for-tiny-belize-news-others-kk0iv0hbfjg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427195047/http://www.sify.com/news/richard-becomes-hurricane-heads-for-tiny-belize-news-others-kk0iv0hbfjg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 27, 2017|website=Sify News|date=October 26, 2010|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> Farther north and west in Belize, the Belize Zoo and Tropical Education Center—popular attractions for tourists—were heavily damaged.<ref>{{cite web|author=Beth Buczynski|title=Belize Zoo Ravaged By Hurricane Richard|url=http://www.care2.com/causes/belize-zoo-ravaged-by-hurricane-richard.html|publisher=Care 2|date=November 14, 2010|access-date=April 26, 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119005846/http://www.care2.com/causes/belize-zoo-ravaged-by-hurricane-richard.html|archive-date=January 19, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> About 80% of the grapefruit and nearly 25% of the orange crop were lost there. Two deaths were observed: one man was killed when his boat capsized in rough seas, while a second man was mauled to death by a jaguar that escaped after a tree mangled its cage. The damage cost topped $80 million.<ref name="Rtcr" />
{{clear}}

=== Hurricane Shary ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Hurricane Shary 2010-10-30 1424Z.jpg
 | Track         = Shary 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = October 28
 | Dissipated    = October 30
 | 1-min winds   = 65
 | Pressure      = 989
}}
{{main|Hurricane Shary}}
A broad area of low pressure formed at the tail-end of a [[stationary front]], organizing into a tropical depression by 18:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;28 about {{convert|520|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southeast of Bermuda. Steered west-northwest and then sharply northeast ahead of an approaching cold front, the system intensified into Tropical Storm Shary six hours after formation. Within an environment of low wind shear, Shary strengthened into a hurricane and attained peak winds of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;30 as an eye became apparent on microwave imagery. The storm became increasingly asymmetric as it interacted with the front, and Shary transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by 18:00&nbsp;UTC that day. The extratropical system was completely absorbed by the front six hours later.<ref name="Stcr">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Shary|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL202010_Shary.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 3, 2011|access-date=January 18, 2017|pages=1, 3|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> Since Shary remained south and east of Bermuda, its effects were limited to {{convert|0.54|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall and a gust to {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite report|title=BWS Daily Climatological Written Summary|url=http://www.weather.bm/climatereport/climateReport.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201144149/http://www.weather.bm/climatereport/climateReport.asp|publisher=Bermuda Weather Service|date=October 30, 2010|archive-date=February 1, 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref>
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=== Hurricane Tomas ===
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
 | Basin         = Atl
 | Image         = Tomas 2010-10-30 1735Z.jpg
 | Track         = Tomas Atlantic 2010 track.png
 | Formed        = October 29
 | Dissipated    = November 7
 | 1-min winds   = 85
 | Pressure      = 982
}}
{{main|Hurricane Tomas}}
The final tropical cyclone of the 2010 season developed from a tropical wave that moved off Africa on October&nbsp;24. The wave pushed west, organizing into a tropical depression by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;29 and into Tropical Storm Tomas six hours later while located a few hundred miles east of Barbados. The cyclone turned northwest after formation while continuing to intensify, moving over Barbados by 09:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;30 with winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}; as such, Tomas became the latest storm in a calendar year to strike the Windward Islands. The system reached hurricane intensity three hours later, and by 20:00&nbsp;UTC, attained its peak winds of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} while moving across St. Lucia. After moving into the Caribbean, a sharp increase in wind shear and dry air entrainment caused Tomas to dramatically weaken, and the storm fell to a tropical depression by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;3. Fluctuating atmospheric conditions allowed Tomas to strengthen and oscillate between a tropical storm and hurricane as it curved through the [[Windward Passage]] and into the Atlantic. By 00:00&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;8, the cyclone succumbed to an increasingly unfavorable regime and became an extratropical cyclone. The storm rotated around a broader low in the western Atlantic before being absorbed by a larger extratropical low south of Newfoundland early on November&nbsp;11.<ref name="Ttcr">{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|author2=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Tomas|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL212010_Tomas.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=March 7, 2011|access-date=January 18, 2017|pages=1, 2, 5, 6|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Impacts throughout the Windward Islands were substantial, but most heavily concentrated in St. Lucia. There, gusts reached {{convert|69|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, toppling trees and power lines. Torrential rainfall up to {{convert|26.3|in|mm|abbr=on}} created mudslides and landslides that damaged or destroyed numerous structures, bridges, and vehicles. Most of the island's plantain and banana crops were destroyed.<ref name="Ttcr" /> Up to 14 people were killed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricane kills 14 people in St Lucia|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-11672819|publisher=BBC News|date=November 2, 2010|access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref> Farther west in Curaçao, Tomas led to the most prolific rain event in four decades.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dick Drayer|title=Meteo rapporteert over Tomas|url=http://archief.wereldomroep.nl/caribiana/article/meteo-rapporteert-over-tomas|publisher=Radio Nederland Wereldomroep|date=November 11, 2010|access-date=April 27, 2017|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929112502/http://archief.wereldomroep.nl/caribiana/article/meteo-rapporteert-over-tomas|archive-date=2017-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> An elderly man was killed after suffering a heart attack and drowning in his flooded vehicle,<ref name="Ttcr" /> while a rescue worker died after a hospital wall collapsed.<ref>{{cite web|author=Leoni Leidel-Schenk|title=Tomas eist twee levens|url=http://www.versgeperst.com/nieuws/70588/tomas-eist-twee-levens.html|publisher=Versgeperst.com|date=November 2, 2010|access-date=April 27, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104060236/http://www.versgeperst.com/nieuws/70588/tomas-eist-twee-levens.html|archive-date=November 4, 2010}}</ref> In Haiti, already ravaged by a catastrophic [[Moment magnitude scale|7.0 M<sub>W</sub>]] earthquake [[2010 Haiti earthquake|less than a year prior]], heavy rainfall flooded a refugee camp and triggered mudslides that destroyed homes and roads.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rain hits Haiti, flooding refugee camp|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/rain-hits-haiti-flooding-refugee-camp-20101106-17hs3.html|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5u18aEZua?url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/rain-hits-haiti-flooding-refugee-camp-20101106-17hs3.html|publisher=SMH News|date=November 6, 2010|archive-date=November 5, 2010|url-status=live|access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref> Up to 35 people were killed there, though it was feared many more could die as Tomas exacerbated an [[2010 Haiti cholera outbreak|already-deadly cholera outbreak]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Haiti fears spread of cholera|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2010/11/2010117113247951990.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=November 7, 2010|access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Storm names ==
The following list of names was used for [[Tropical cyclone naming|named storms]] that formed in the North Atlantic during 2010. The names not retired from this list were used again in the [[2016 Atlantic hurricane season|2016 season]]. This was the same list used in the [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004 season]] with the exceptions of Colin, Fiona, Igor, and Julia, which replaced [[Hurricane Charley|Charley]], [[Hurricane Frances|Frances]], [[Hurricane Ivan|Ivan]], and [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]], respectively.<ref name="Retired names">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/retirednames.shtml|title=Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=November 29, 2009|archive-date=June 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628193705/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/retirednames.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The names Colin, Fiona, Igor, Julia, Paula, Richard, Shary, and Tomas were used for the first time this year (and only, in the cases of Igor and Tomas).

{| style="width:90%;"
|
* [[Hurricane Alex (2010)|Alex]]
* [[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2010)|Bonnie]]
* [[Tropical Storm Colin (2010)|Colin]]
* Danielle
* [[Hurricane Earl (2010)|Earl]]
* Fiona
* Gaston
|
* [[Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)|Hermine]]
* [[Hurricane Igor|Igor]]
* [[Hurricane Julia (2010)|Julia]]
* [[Hurricane Karl (2010)|Karl]]
* Lisa
* [[Tropical Storm Matthew (2010)|Matthew]]
* [[Tropical Storm Nicole (2010)|Nicole]]
|
* [[Hurricane Otto (2010)|Otto]]
* [[Hurricane Paula|Paula]]
* [[Hurricane Richard|Richard]]
* [[Hurricane Shary|Shary]]
* [[Hurricane Tomas|Tomas]]
* {{tcname unused|Virginie}}
* {{tcname unused|Walter}}
|
|}

=== Retirement ===
{{see also|List of retired Atlantic hurricane names}}
On March&nbsp;16, 2011, at the 33rd&nbsp;Session of the RA IV hurricane committee, the [[World Meteorological Organization]] retired the names ''Igor'' and ''Tomas'' from its [[Tropical cyclone naming#North Atlantic Ocean|rotating name lists]] due to the number of deaths and damage they caused, and they will not be used again for another [[Atlantic hurricane]]. They were replaced with ''Ian'' and ''Tobias'', respectively, for the [[2016 Atlantic hurricane season]].<ref>{{cite report|author=Dennis Feltgen|title=Two Tropical Cyclone Names Retired from List of Atlantic Storms|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/tropical_cyclone_names_retired_2011.pdf|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=March 16, 2011|access-date=April 28, 2017}}</ref>

== Season effects ==
This is a table of the storms that formed in the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. This table includes each storm's name, duration, peak intensity, areas affected, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave or a low. All of the damage figures are in 2010 USD (the listed damage figure is in millions).

{{Saffir–Simpson small|align=center}}<div style="text-align: center;">
{{TC stats table start3|year=2010|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=[[Hurricane Alex (2010)|Alex]]|dates=June 25&nbsp;– July 2|max-winds=110 (175)|min-press=946|areas=[[Greater Antilles]], Central America, [[Yucatán Peninsula]], [[Northern Mexico]], [[South Texas]]|damage=$1.52 billion|deaths=33 (19)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=[[Tropical Depression Two (2010)|Two]]|dates=July 8–9|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1005|areas=Northern Mexico, South Texas|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Bonnie (2010)|Bonnie]]|dates=July 22–24|max-winds=45 (75)|min-press=1005|areas=[[Puerto Rico]], [[Hispaniola]], [[Turks and Caicos]], [[Bahamas]], [[Florida]]|damage=$1.36 million|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Colin (2010)|Colin]]|dates=August 2–8|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=1005|areas=[[Leeward Islands]], [[Bermuda]], [[The Carolinas]], [[New England]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=[[Tropical Depression Five (2010)|Five]]|dates=August 10–11|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1007|areas=[[United States Gulf Coast]]|damage=$1 million|deaths=0 (2)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=Danielle|dates=August 21–30|max-winds=130 (215)|min-press=942|areas=Bermuda, [[United States East Coast]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=2}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Earl (2010)|Earl]]|dates=August 25&nbsp;– September 4|max-winds=145 (230)|min-press=927|areas=Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, [[Eastern United States]], [[Atlantic Canada]], [[Quebec]]|damage=$45 million|deaths=5 (3)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Fiona|dates=August 30&nbsp;– September 3|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=998|areas=Leeward Islands, Bermuda|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Gaston|dates=September 1–2|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=1005|areas=Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)|Hermine]]|dates=September 5–9|max-winds=70 (110)|min-press=989|areas=Central America, Mexico, [[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Kansas]]|damage=$740 million|deaths=52 (50)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Igor|Igor]]|dates=September 8–21|max-winds=155 (250)|min-press=924|areas=[[Cabo Verde]], Leeward Islands, Bermuda, United States East Coast, [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]|damage=$200.5 million|deaths=4}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Julia (2010)|Julia]]|dates=September 12–20|max-winds=140 (220)|min-press=948|areas=Cabo Verde|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=[[Hurricane Karl|Karl]]|dates=September 14–18|max-winds=125 (205)|min-press=956|areas=Belize, Yucatán Peninsula, [[Veracruz]]|damage=$3.9 billion|deaths=22}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Lisa|dates=September 20–26|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=982|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Matthew (2010)|Matthew]]|dates=September 23–26|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=998|areas=[[Venezuela]], Central America, Mexico, [[Jamaica]], [[Haiti]]|damage=$171.2 million|deaths=126}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Nicole (2010)|Nicole]]|dates=September 28–29|max-winds=45 (75)|min-press=995|areas=[[Cayman Islands]], Jamaica, [[Cuba]], Florida, Bahamas, United States East Coast|damage=$245.4 million|deaths=16}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Otto (2010)|Otto]]|dates=October 6&nbsp;-10|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=976|areas=Leeward Islands, [[Virgin Islands]], Puerto Rico|damage=$22.5 million|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=[[Hurricane Paula|Paula]]|dates=October 11–15|max-winds=105 (165)|min-press=981|areas=Nicaragua, [[Honduras]], Mexico, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida|damage=Unknown|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=[[Hurricane Richard|Richard]]|dates=October 20–26|max-winds=100 (155)|min-press=977|areas=Honduras, Belize, [[Guatemala]], Mexico|damage=$80 million|deaths=1 (1)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Shary|Shary]]|dates=October 28–30|max-winds=75 (120)|min-press=989|areas=Bermuda|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=[[Hurricane Tomas|Tomas]]|dates=October 29&nbsp;– November 7|max-winds=100 (155)|min-press=982|areas=[[Windward Islands]], [[Leeward Antilles]], Greater Antilles, [[Lucayan Archipelago]]|damage=$463.4 million|deaths=51}}
{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=21|dates=June 25 – November 7|max-winds=155 (250)|min-press=924|tot-areas=|tot-damage=$7.39 billion|tot-deaths=315 (77)}}</div>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[Tropical cyclones in 2010]]
* [[2010 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[2010 Pacific typhoon season]]
* [[2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[2009–10 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2009–10]], [[2010–11 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2010–11]]
* Australian region cyclone seasons: [[2009–10 Australian region cyclone season|2009–10]], [[2010–11 Australian region cyclone season|2010–11]]
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[2009–10 South Pacific cyclone season|2009–10]], [[2010–11 South Pacific cyclone season|2010–11]]
* [[South Atlantic tropical cyclone]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|2010 Atlantic hurricane season}}
* [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/2010.html The Weather Prediction Center's rainfall page for 2010 Tropical Cyclones]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov The National Hurricane Center's website]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ual22znKM10 NOAA Visualization's annotated animation of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season]
{{2010 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}
{{TC Decades|Year=2010|basin=Atlantic|type=hurricane}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2010 Atlantic Hurricane Season}}
[[Category:2010 Atlantic hurricane season| ]]
[[Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2010]]
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