Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:2013 Lahad Datu standoff

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Military conflict in Sabah, Malaysia, with Sulu nationalists}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = 2013 Lahad Datu standoff<br />Lahad Datu incursion<ref name="gov claim">{{cite book|url=http://www.searcct.gov.my/images/Articles_2016/Bk_Lahad-Datu_2507_NEW.pdf|title=The Lahad Datu Incursion and its Impact on Malaysia's Security|author1=Jasmine Jawhar|author2=Kennimrod Sariburaja|work=The Southeast Asia Regional Centre for Counter-Terrorism (SEARCCT)|publisher=[[National Library of Malaysia]]|year=2016|access-date=12 March 2017|pages=17–19|isbn=978-983-44397-8-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103542/http://www.searcct.gov.my/images/Articles_2016/Bk_Lahad-Datu_2507_NEW.pdf|archive-date=8 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />Operation Daulat
| partof            = the [[North Borneo dispute]] and [[cross border attacks in Sabah]]
| image             = Felda-Sahabat Sabah Kg-Tanduo-01.jpg
| image_size        = 300px
| caption           = The entrance to the first site of the standoff in Kampung [[Tanduo]], now a Malaysian Army camp. The signboard reads (in [[Malay language|Malay]]), "Welcome to the Tanduo Village Camp. Caution! You have entered a military camp. Please maintain your discipline!".<br />[[File:2013 Lahad Datu standoff.svg|300px]]<br />Location map of the standoff
| date              = 11 February – 24 March 2013<ref name="stats" /><br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=11|year1=2013|month2=03|day2=24|year2=2013}})
| place             = Kg. [[Tanduo]], [[Lahad Datu District|Lahad Datu]] as well as [[Semporna District|Semporna]], [[Kunak District|Kunak]] and [[Tawau District|Tawau]] in eastern [[Sabah]]
| territory         = 
| result            = [[Decisive victory|Decisive]] Malaysian victory<ref name=20130305com-lahad>{{cite news|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/03/05/lahad-datu-sulu-gunmen-in-kg-tanduo-have-been-totally-defeated-say-police-sources/|title=Lahad Datu: Sulu gunmen in Kg Tanduo have been totally defeated, say police sources|newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|date=5 March 2013|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=20140208com-security>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/news-asia/2014/02/08/security-forces-full-control-sabah%E2%80%99s-east-coast-police|title=Security forces in full control of Sabah's east coast: Police|work=[[The Brunei Times]]|publisher=The Star/[[Asia News Network|ANN]]|date=8 February 2014|access-date=20 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402203135/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-asia/2014/02/08/security-forces-full-control-sabah%E2%80%99s-east-coast-police|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Military operations replaced by [[Eastern Sabah Security Command|ESSCOM]] and [[Eastern Sabah Security Zone|ESSZONE]].<ref name="endOP">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/06/29/Ops-daulat-Lahad-datu.aspx|title=Lahad Datu: Ops Daulat officially ends today|author=Muguntan Vanar|work=The Star|date=29 June 2013|access-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030003121/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/06/29/Ops-daulat-Lahad-datu.aspx|archive-date=30 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=20131022newsabahtimes>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/72588|title=ESSCOM will continue to hold programmes on security within ESSZONE|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=22 October 2013|access-date=26 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629152805/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/72588|archive-date=29 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Those detained were charged under the [[Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012]].
* Thousands of [[Illegal immigrants in Malaysia|illegal immigrants]] in Sabah [[repatriated]].<ref name="localised">{{cite web|url=http://www.theantdaily.com/Top-Stories/-Localised-illegal-immigrants-helping-foreign-relatives-in-Sabah/|title='Localised' illegal immigrants helping 'foreign' relatives in Sabah|author=Kanul Gindol|publisher=The Ant Daily |date=31 May 2014|access-date=21 June 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701061128/http://theantdaily.com/Top-Stories/-Localised-illegal-immigrants-helping-foreign-relatives-in-Sabah/|archive-date=1 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="flushed out">{{cite news|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/11992-illegals-repatriated-from-sabah-between-january-and-november-says-tas|title=11,992 illegals repatriated from Sabah between January and November, says task force director|newspaper=The Malay Mail|date=22 November 2013|access-date=7 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="illegals"/>
| status            = 
| combatants_header = 
| combatant1        = {{flagicon|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} [[Sultanate of Sulu]] (Jamalul Kiram III's faction)<br />[[Illegal immigrants in Malaysia|Filipino illegal immigrants]] (non-combative)<ref name="localised"/><br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flagicon image|MNLF flag.svg}} [[Moro National Liberation Front]] (Misuari faction)<ref name=20130314astroawani>{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/mnlf-supports-sulu-claim-says-nur-misuari-faction-9877|title=MNLF supports Sulu claim, says Nur Misuari faction|author=Teoh El Sen|publisher=Astro Awani|date=14 March 2013|access-date=13 June 2014}}</ref>
| combatant2        = {{flagu|Malaysia}}<br />{{flagdeco|Sabah}} [[Bumiputra#Definition|Sabahan local villagers]]<ref name=20130303freemalaysiatoday-villagers>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/03/villagers-beat-gunman-to-death/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305231520/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/03/villagers-beat-gunman-to-death/|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2013|title=Villagers beat gunman to death|work=[[Bernama]]|publisher=[[Free Malaysia Today]]|date=3 March 2013|access-date=11 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/03/Semporna-villagers-beat-to-death-exMoro-commander/|title=Semporna villagers beat to death ex-Moro commander|work=The Star|date=3 March 2013|access-date=11 October 2013}}</ref><ref name=20130630theborneopost-sabahans>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/06/30/sabahans-will-not-forget-lahad-datu-incident-musa/|title=Sabahans will not forget Lahad Datu incident — Musa|work=Bernama|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]|date=30 June 2013|access-date =11 October 2013}}</ref><br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Government of the Philippines|Philippines]]<ref name="standoff" group = "note">Supported Malaysian action during the standoff, but was not involved in the operation.</ref><ref name="not allow">{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/67373/aquino-i-wont-allow-sulu-sultan-to-drag-ph-into-war-with-malaysia |title=Aquino: I won't allow Sulu sultan to drag PH into war with Malaysia |author=Michael Lim Ubac |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=7 March 2013 |access-date=7 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724170821/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/67373/aquino-i-wont-allow-sulu-sultan-to-drag-ph-into-war-with-malaysia |archive-date=24 July 2014 |url-status=dead |quote=President Aquino said in a statement, 'I appeal to you (Jamalul Kiram III) — we should be really clear on this — this incident is wrong. If this is wrong, why should we (the government) lend support to this? We should support what is right... which will lead us to brighter prospects; the wrong option will only bring us ruin. That's it, that's my simple message.'  He also added 'Let's not forget: What they (the Jamalul Kiram III faction) are pushing for is their right as so-called heirs of the sultan of Sulu. It's not yet clear if their rights have been transferred to the Philippines. But we (the Philippines citizens and our nation) will all be affected by their conflict (with Malaysia).'}}</ref>
| combatant3        = 
| commander1        = {{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} [[Jamalul Kiram III]]<br />{{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} Agbimuddin Kiram<br />{{flagicon image|MNLF flag.svg}} [[Nur Misuari]]
| commander2        = {{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Sultan Abdul Halim]] ([[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]])<br />{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Najib Razak]] ([[Prime Minister of Malaysia]])<br />{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Anifah Aman]] ([[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]])<br />{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Ahmad Zahid Hamidi|Zahid Hamidi]] ([[Minister of Defence (Malaysia)|Minister of Defence]]) <br />{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Ismail Omar]] ([[Inspector-General of Police (Malaysia)|Chief of Royal Malaysia Police]]) <br />{{flagdeco |Malaysia}} [[Zulkifeli Mohd. Zin]] ([[Chief of Defence Forces (Malaysia)|Chief of Defence Forces]])<br />{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Musa Aman]] ([[Chief Minister of Sabah]])<br />'''Supported by:'''<br>{{flagdeco |Philippines}} [[Benigno Aquino III]] ([[President of Philippines]])<ref name="standoff" group = "note"/><ref name="not allow" />
| commander3        = 
| units1            = {{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} Royal Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo<ref name = "Heirs of Sultan" />
| units2            = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Royal Malaysian Police.svg}} [[Royal Malaysia Police]]
* {{flagicon image|Crest of the Special Operations Command.svg}}{{flagicon image|Crest of the Special Actions Unit.PNG}} [[Pasukan Gerakan Khas|PGK]]
* {{flagicon image|Crest of Pasukan Gerakan Marin.png}} [[Marine Operations Force|Marine Police]]
** {{flagicon image|Crest of the Marine Combat Unit.png}} [[UNGERIN]]
* {{flagicon image|General Operations Force.svg}} [[General Operations Force|GOF]]
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg}} [[Malaysian Armed Forces]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Malaysian Army.svg}} [[Malaysian Army]]
** {{flagicon image|Grup Gerak Khas (GGK) Insignia.svg}} [[Grup Gerak Khas|GGK]]
** {{flagicon image|}} [[Royal Malay Regiment|RMR]]
* {{flagicon image|Naval Ensign of Malaysia.svg}} [[Royal Malaysian Navy]]
** {{flagicon image|Crest of the KD Panglima Hitam - PASKAL.svg}} [[PASKAL]]
* {{flagicon image|Air Force Ensign of Malaysia.svg}} [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]]
** {{flagicon image|Crest of the Special Air Service of Air Force.svg}} [[PASKAU]]
'''Supported elements:'''
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency.svg}} [[Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency]]
'''Philippine elements''':
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippine Navy.png}} [[Philippine Navy]]<ref name="standoff" group="note"/><ref name="ph naval">{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/22/nation/20130222100058|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413153253/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/22/nation/20130222100058|url-status=dead|archive-date= 13 April 2013|title=Lahad Datu Standoff: Philippines naval ships in Tawi-Tawi waters to help stabilise situation|author=Muguntan Vanar|work=The Star|date=22 February 2013|access-date=25 February 2013}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippine Coast Guard.png|size=28px}} [[Philippine Coast Guard]]
| units3            = 
| strength1         = 235 militants (Filipino media claimed)<ref name="aqn">{{cite web|url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/philippines-aquino-calls-talks-sabah-080626445.html|title=Philippines' Aquino calls for talks on Sabah|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=17 March 2013|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="ac">{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/80696-agbimuddin-kiram-dies|title=Sabah standoff leader dies in Tawi-Tawi|author=Angela Casauay|work=[[Rappler]]|date=13 January 2015|access-date=14 January 2015}}</ref><br />400 militants (Kiram claimed)<ref name=gmanetwork303176>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/303176/news/nation/kiram-camp-claims-having-reinforcements-in-sabah|title=Kiram camp claims having 'reinforcements' in Sabah|publisher=[[GMA News and Public Affairs|GMA News]]|date=10 April 2013|access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="no" />
| strength2         = '''Malaysia strength'''<br />~6,500 armed forces<br />7 [[Malaysian Armed Forces|MAF]] battalions<ref name=20130304bharian>{{cite news|url=http://w1.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/7bataliontenteradihantarkeSabah_PanglimaATM/Article/|title=7 batalion tentera dihantar ke Sabah: Panglima ATM|language=ms|newspaper=Berita Harian|date=4 March 2013|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304133935/http://w1.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/7bataliontenteradihantarkeSabah_PanglimaATM/Article/|archive-date=4 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />1 [[General Operations Force|GOF]] battalion<ref name=20130305bharian>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/BatalionPGASarawakkeLahatDatuuntukbantu/Article/|title=Batalion PGA Sarawak ke Lahad Datu untuk bantu|language=ms|work=Bernama|publisher=Berita Harian|date=5 March 2013|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305185551/http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/BatalionPGASarawakkeLahatDatuuntukbantu/Article/|archive-date=5 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />12 [[FNSS ACV-15|ACV-300 Adnan]]<br />3 [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|F/A-18 Hornet]]<ref name="aircrafts">{{cite news|url=http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/3pesawatF-18Hornet_5HawkTUDMdigunakanpagitadi_AhmadZahid/Article/index_html|title=3 pesawat F-18 Hornet, 5 Hawk TUDM digunakan pagi tadi: Ahmad Zahid|language=ms|newspaper=Berita Harian|date=5 March 2013|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305155136/http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/3pesawatF-18Hornet_5HawkTUDMdigunakanpagitadi_AhmadZahid/Article/index_html|archive-date=5 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />5 [[British Aerospace Hawk 200|BAE Hawk 200]]<ref name="aircrafts"/><br>'''Philippine strength'''
Six naval ships
| strength3         = 
| casualties1       = {{plainlist|
* 56 killed
* 3 wounded
* 149 captured
  }}
----
 {{plainlist|
* 68 killed ([[Malaysian government]] claimed)<ref name="gov claim"/>
  }}
| casualties2       = {{plainlist|
* 10 killed (1 non-combat casualty)<ref group="note">One soldier was killed in [[traffic collision|traffic accident]] at Felda Sahabat on his way to send food to the Malaysian forces.</ref>
* 12 wounded
  }}
| casualties3       = {{plainlist |
* '''Civilian casualties'''
* 6 killed
* 1 wounded
* 6 escaped<ref name="escaped" group = "note">Escaped from the intruders when they tried to take civilian as a hostage.</ref>
* 564 arrested<ref name="illegals" group = "note">Majority arrested were [[Illegal immigrants in Malaysia|illegal immigrants]] who gave help to the intruders.</ref>
  }}
| notes             = ''All statistics reference'':<ref name="stats" /><ref name="arrested">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/30/Lahad-Datu-Sabah-CPO--No-halt-to-Ops-Daulat-until-Sulu-terrorists-are-flushed-out/|title=Lahad Datu: Sabah CPO – No halt to Ops Daulat until Sulu terrorists are flushed out|work=The Star|date=30 March 2013|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref name=20130812astroawani>{{cite web|url=http://www.astroawani.com/news/show/dakwaan-anggota-tentera-terbunuh-hanya-taktik-musuh-panglima-tentera-darat-20183|title=Dakwaan anggota tentera terbunuh hanya taktik musuh – Panglima Tentera Darat|language=ms|publisher=Astro Awani|date=12 August 2013|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref name=20131230astroawani>{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/lahad-datu-invasion-a-painful-memory-of-2013-27579|title=Lahad Datu invasion: A painful memory of 2013|author=Najiah Najib|publisher=Astro Awani|date=30 December 2013|access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref>
Note: All these total only during the standoff and does not include the total in any [[#Further arrests and the killing of more Sulu militants|further actions]].
}}

The '''2013 Lahad Datu standoff''', also known as the '''Lahad Datu incursion''' or '''Operation Daulat''' ({{lang-ms|Operasi Daulat}}), was a military conflict in [[Lahad Datu District|Lahad Datu]], [[Malaysia]].<ref name="stats" /> The conflict began on 11 February, when 235 militants<ref name="aqn"/> arrived in Lahad Datu by boat, and ended on 24 March.<ref name="Heirs of Sultan">{{cite news |last=Cruz |first=Arlyn Dela |date=16 February 2013 |title=Heirs of Sultan of Sulu pursue Sabah claim on their own |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/64577/heirs-of-sultan-of-sulu-pursue-sabah-claim-on-their-own |access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="NoSurrender">{{cite news |author1=Ubac |first=Michael Lim |author2= |others=Reports by Nikko Dizon and Allan Nawal |date=3 March 2013 |title=No surrender, we stay |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66287/aquino-surrender-order-not-acceptable-kirams |access-date=3 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="CNN1">{{cite web |author=Mullen |first=Jethro |date=15 February 2013 |title=Filipino group on Borneo claims to represent sultanate, Malaysia says |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/15/world/asia/malaysia-philippines-standoff |access-date=25 February 2013 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> The militants, who called themselves the "Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo",<ref name="Heirs of Sultan" /> were sent by [[Jamalul Kiram III|a claimant]] to the throne of the [[Sultanate of Sulu]].

The militants' stated objective was to assert the [[North Borneo dispute|territorial claim]] of the [[Philippines]] to eastern [[Sabah]].<ref name=20130223philstar-912045>{{cite news |author=Frialde |first1=Mike |last2=Laude |first2=Jaime |last3=Calica |first3=Aurea |last4=Lee-Brago |first4=Pia |date=23 February 2013 |title=Sultanate of Sulu wants Sabah returned to Phl |newspaper=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/02/23/912045/sultanate-sulu-wants-sabah-returned-phl |access-date=24 February 2013}}</ref> Malaysian security forces surrounded the village where the group had gathered. After weeks of negotiations and several deadlines for the group to withdraw, the killing of local policemen prompted Malaysian security forces to flush out the militants with a military operation.<ref name=scmp1176321>{{cite web |date=4 March 2013 |title=Malaysian troops sent to Borneo after police slain |url=http://m.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1176321/malaysian-troops-sent-borneo-after-police-slain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410173517/http://m.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1176321/malaysian-troops-sent-borneo-after-police-slain |archive-date=10 April 2017 |access-date=11 April 2017 |work=South China Morning Post |publisher=}}</ref> At the end of the standoff around 72 people were left dead, including 56 militants, 10 Malaysian security force personnel, and 6 civilians. The surviving militants were all either captured or escaped.

==Background==

===National territorial dispute===
{{main|North Borneo dispute|Madrid Protocol of 1885}}
The Philippines retains a [[territorial claim]] to eastern Sabah, formerly known as [[North Borneo]], through the heritage of the [[Sultanate of Sulu]].<ref name="CNN1"/><ref>{{cite web|title=East and Southeast Asia: the Philippines |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/philippines/ |work=CIA Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=7 March 2013}}</ref> The basis of this claim is that the dominion of the [[sultanate]] historically spanned from the [[Sulu Archipelago]] into parts of northern [[Borneo]]. In line with the [[International Court of Justice]] court decision in the case concerning [[Ligitan and Sipadan dispute|sovereignty of Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan]] in 2002,<ref>{{cite book|author=International Court of Justice|title=Summaries of Judgments, Advisory Opinions, and Orders of the International Court of Justice, 1997–2002 Document (United Nations)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhIhqVaIpawC&q=%22that%20it%20cannot%20be%20disputed%2C%20that%20the%20Sultan%20of%20Sulu%20relinquished%22&pg=PA268|year=2003|edition=Illustrated|publisher=United Nations Publications|isbn=978-92-1-133541-5|page=268}} {{dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Malaysia claimed that Sultan of Sulu indisputably relinquished the sovereign rights of all its possession in favour of [[Spain]] on 22 July 1878, hence relinquishing any claim to Sabah.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mohamad|first=Kadir|year=2009|title=Malaysia's territorial disputes – two cases at the ICJ : Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Ligitan and Sipadan [and the Sabah claim] (Malaysia/Indonesia/Philippines)|url=http://www.idfr.gov.my/images/stories/publication/2009/inside_pbp.pdf|publisher=Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR) Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia|page=47|access-date=13 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516042053/http://www.idfr.gov.my/images/stories/publication/2009/inside_pbp.pdf|archive-date=16 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|year=2001|title=VERBATIM RECORD. ''Application for permission to intervene filed by the Republic of the Philippines''|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/102/4713.pdf?PHPSESSID=3a9b0bc634262ad727317e0342486b81|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6QStsJHFg?url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/102/4713.pdf?PHPSESSID=3a9b0bc634262ad727317e0342486b81|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 June 2014|pages=Point 11|access-date=13 May 2014|format=PDF}}</ref>

===Sulu succession dispute===
{{main|Sulu succession dispute}}
The unresolved status of the Sultanate of Sulu was a driving issue behind the standoff, with the militant group claiming [[Jamalul Kiram III]] as the legitimate Sultan of Sulu. The militant group claimed that Kirams supposed role as Sultan justified their occupation, however, Kirams status as sultan has been disputed by several other claimants to the sultanate.<ref name="2moreclaim">{{cite news |author=Nawal |first=Allan |date=26 February 2013 |title=2 more claim to be real sultan of Sulu |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/364955/2-more-claim-to-be-real-sultan-of-sulu |access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref>

==Initiation ==
Heirs to the sultanate felt excluded by the [[Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro|framework of a peace deal]] between the Philippine government and the [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]], as announced on 7 October 2012 by Philippine president [[Benigno Aquino III]]. In response, Jamalul Kiram III, claiming to be Sulu's legitimate heir, decreed on 11 November 2012 that a civilian and military contingent should assert his territorial rights in North Borneo. He appointed his brother and ''Raja Muda'' ("heir apparent" or "crown prince"), Agbimuddin Kiram, to lead the group.<ref name="Heirs of Sultan"/><ref name=20130219com-Malaysian>{{cite web|title=Malaysian security forces moving in on village|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/02/19/Malaysian-security-forces-moving-in-on-village.aspx|work=The Star|access-date=20 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023062858/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/02/19/Malaysian-security-forces-moving-in-on-village.aspx|archive-date=23 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Months later on 11 February 2013, Agbimuddin Kiram and at least 101 followers arrived in the village of [[Tanduo]], located near Tungku in Lahad Datu from neighbouring [[Simunul, Tawi-Tawi|Simunul]] island, [[Tawi-Tawi]], in the southern Philippines.<ref name="CNN1"/> Around eighty people fled from 15 homes in Tanduo.<ref name=20130225com-nation>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/25/nation/12755639|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413154201/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/25/nation/12755639|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 April 2013|title=Only Malaysians receive aid, says Lahad Datu district office|work=The Star|access-date=25 February 2013}}</ref>

==Development ==
Malaysian police blocked roads leading from Lahad Datu to Tanduo. Malaysian police boats patrolled nearby waters. Filipino security agencies blocked off entry from the southern Philippines<ref name=20130217inquirer>{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/64729/ph-calls-for-peaceful-solution-to-borneo-standoff|title=PH calls for peaceful solution to Borneo standoff|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=17 February 2013|access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref> and deployed six naval ships to help stabilise the situation.<ref name="ph naval"/> An additional Philippine naval ship was sent to Malaysian waters off Lahad Datu to provide humanitarian assistance.<ref name=20130226philstar-913212>{{cite news |author=Calica |first1=Aurea |last2=Clapano |first2=Jose Rodel |last3=Pareo |first3=Roel |last4=Echeminada |first4=Perseus |last5=Lee-Brago |first5=Pia |last6=Laude |first6=Jaime |date=26 February 2013 |title=Phl wants diplomatic solution to Sabah standoff |newspaper=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/02/26/913212/phl-wants-diplomatic-solution-sabah-standoff |access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref>

[[File:President Benigno S. Aquino III asks Sultan Jamalul Kiram III of Sulu to withdraw his supporters in Sabah, Malacañan Palace.jpg|thumb|left|Philippine President [[Benigno Aquino III]] in [[Malacañang Palace]] on 26 February 2013 urging [[Jamalul Kiram III]] to withdraw his followers in Sabah. Also in the picture are Justice Secretary [[Leila de Lima]] (left) and Interior and Local Government Secretary [[Mar Roxas|Manuel Roxas II]] (right).]]
On 26 February 2013, President Aquino appealed to Kiram III to recall his followers and to hold discussions with the government to address his family's concerns.<ref name="AquinoToSultan">{{cite web |author=Chiu |first=Patricia Denise |date=26 February 2013 |title=Aquino to Sulu sultan: Order your followers to leave Sabah and go home |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/296660/news/nation/aquino-to-sulu-sultan-order-your-followers-to-leave-sabah-and-go-home |access-date=26 February 2013 |publisher=GMA News}}</ref> In a press conference held at [[Malacañang Palace]], Aquino said that the longer Kiram's III followers stayed in Sabah, the more they endangered their own lives, but also the thousands of Filipinos living there. Addressing Kiram III, he said, "It must be clear to you that this small group of people will not succeed in addressing your grievances, and that there is no way that force can achieve your aims".<ref name="PHPressCon">{{cite news|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/02/26/statement-of-president-aquino-on-the-sabah-incident-february-26-2013/|title=Statement of President Aquino on Sabah, February 26, 2013|newspaper=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]|date=26 February 2013|access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref> Aquino reminded him that as a Filipino citizen, he was bound by the [[Constitution of the Philippines]] and its laws. The president said that he had ordered an investigation into possible violations of laws by Kiram III, his followers and collaborators. He cited the Constitution's provision on [[pacifism|renouncing war]] as a policy instrument and Article 118 of the [[Revised Penal Code of the Philippines|Revised Penal Code]], which punishes those who "provoke or give occasion for a war...or expose Filipino citizens to reprisals on their persons or property".<ref name="PHPressCon"/> He said a dialogue to address the country's territorial dispute to eastern Sabah could be arranged after the standoff ended. Aquino declined to confirm reports of other parties allegedly behind the standoff to sabotage the [[Peace process with the Bangsamoro in the Philippines|Bangsamoro peace process]].<ref name="AquinoToSultan"/><ref>{{cite web |author=Cheng |first=Williard |date=26 February 2013 |title=PNoy to Kiram: Bring your followers home |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/02/26/13/pnoy-kiram-bring-your-followers-home |access-date=26 February 2013 |publisher=ABS-CBN News}}</ref> Aquino's statement was supported by [[Senator of the Philippines|Senator]] [[Francis Pangilinan]]. In a statement, he said:

{{blockquote|This standoff has reached a critical point where the [[Government of the Philippines|Philippine government]] must now act decisively and do what is necessary to protect the general interest of the Filipino people. Kiram is essentially declaring war on Malaysia. He must understand that it has never been a policy of the Philippines to take on other countries by force. Regardless of Sulu's rightful claim to Sabah, an armed invasion will unlikely lead to an amicable resolution. This has come at a time when we are so close to achieving lasting peace with our brothers from [[Mindanao|the South]]. Malaysia has played a crucial role in brokering talks between the Philippine government and our Muslim brothers in Mindanao. We cannot afford to have a wedge between our country and Malaysia because of one person's whim.<ref name=20130226senate>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0226_pangilinan2.asp|title=KIKO: KIRAM FORCES THE HAND OF THE GOVERNMENT|publisher=[[Senate of the Philippines]]|date=26 February 2013|access-date=26 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218003406/https://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0226_pangilinan2.asp|archive-date=18 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>|[[Senator of the Philippines|Philippine Senator]], [[Francis Pangilinan]].}}

Kiram III remained defiant and said his men would not go back home "until an arrangement has been done by our officials and the president, and if that will be arranged accordingly with a written agreement signed by the parties concerned". He shared that in his last conversation with Agbimuddin, his brother told him that their followers were firm in their decision to stay in Sabah.<ref name="SultanDefies">{{cite news |author=Avendaño |first1=Christine O. |last2=Ramos |first2=Marlon |last3=Ubac |first3=Michael |last4=Quismundo |first4=Tarra |date=27 February 2013 |title=Sulu sultan defies Aquino |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/65749/sulu-sultan-defies-aquino |access-date=27 February 2013}}</ref> The 74-year-old sultan said he was ready to be jailed if the Philippine government filed a case against him and members of his clan. He said he could not understand what his violation against the Constitution was, saying he had always respected it and that "coming home to their homeland" was not a crime. Kiram III asked Malaysia to "sit down in a square table and to diplomatically settle the issue on the claim" stressing the need to "come up with a win-win solution". He reiterated that he and his men "will not initiate the violence... But are prepared to defend our lives and aspirations" and that the Sabah issue "can be peacefully settled without threat, but in a diplomatic way".<ref name="SultanDefies"/> His daughter Sitti Jacel said her father's followers were not in Lahad Datu to wage war but to reside peacefully on their ancestral territory. She added that they would not leave without a  solution. She expressed disappointment at the apparent lack of support from the Philippine government, adding that Manila needed to balance diplomatic relations and the interests of its constituents.<ref name=gmanetwork296688>{{cite web |author=Lapeña |first=Carmela |date=26 February 2013 |title=Sulu sultan remains defiant, says followers in Sabah won't go home |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/296688/news/nation/sulu-sultan-remains-defiant-says-followers-in-sabah-won-t-go-home |access-date=26 February 2013 |publisher=GMA News}}</ref>

[[File:Secretary del Rosario meets with Malaysian Foreign and Defense Ministers.png|thumb|right|[[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)|Philippines Secretary of Foreign Affairs]] meet with the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Malaysian Foreign Minister]] and the [[Ministry of Defence (Malaysia)|Defence Minister]] to discuss peacefully on how to resolve the incident.]]
On 7 March 2013, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Malaysian Foreign Ministry]] issued a statement that said it considered Kiram's III forces as a group of [[terrorist]]s "following their atrocities and brutalities committed in the killing of Malaysia's security personnel". It added that the label had the agreement of [[Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)|Philippine Foreign Affairs]] Secretary [[Albert Del Rosario]].<ref name=20130305kln>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/home?p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_Yt06&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-3&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=5&_101_INSTANCE_Yt06_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_INSTANCE_Yt06_urlTitle=press-statement%3A-meeting-with-the-secretary-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-philippines-h-e-albert-f-del-rosario-on-4-march-2013-kenyataan-akhbar%3A-pertemuan-dengan-setiausaha-luar-filipina-t-y-t-albert-fl-del-rosario-pada-4-mac-2013&_101_INSTANCE_Yt06_type=content&redirect=%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fhome |title=Press Statement: Meeting with the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines, H.E. Albert F. del Rosario on 4 March 2013 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia]] |date=5 March 2013 |access-date=7 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308101100/http://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/home?p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_Yt06&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-3&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=5&_101_INSTANCE_Yt06_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_INSTANCE_Yt06_urlTitle=press-statement%3A-meeting-with-the-secretary-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-philippines-h-e-albert-f-del-rosario-on-4-march-2013-kenyataan-akhbar%3A-pertemuan-dengan-setiausaha-luar-filipina-t-y-t-albert-fl-del-rosario-pada-4-mac-2013&_101_INSTANCE_Yt06_type=content&redirect=%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fhome |archive-date=8 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This was denied by the Philippine Ambassador to Malaysia, Jose Eduardo Malaya, who said Del Rosario was "taken out of context". It was clarified that Del Rosario agreed that those responsible for the killing of Malaysian police forces committed "terroristic acts".<ref name=20130306philstar-916490>{{cite news |last1=Arcibal |first1=Cheryl |last2=Frialde |first2=Mike |date=6 March 2013 |title=DFA denies calling Sultan followers as 'terrorists' |newspaper=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/03/06/916490/dfa-denies-calling-sultan-followers-terrorists |access-date=7 March 2013}}</ref>

==Military operations==
{{quote box
|title=Timeline of attacks
|align=right
|width=25%
|quote=
1 March:
* '''10:15'''&nbsp;– First shootout between the sultanate's forces and the police at the Tanduo village, two police officers and 12 sultanate's men killed.
3 March:
* '''6:30'''&nbsp;– Ambushed at the Semporna, killing six police officers and six terrorists also killed.
5 March:
* Military and police begun mopping-up operations codenamed "Ops Daulat".
11 March:
* Security forces end the siege on the Tanduo village.
24 March:
* Operation Daulat ended.
29 June:
* Eastern Sabah Security Command (ESSCOM) put in place security arrangements and undertake operations on the Ops Daulat area.
{{align|right|<small>All times are [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] ([[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]).</small>}}
}}

===1 March skirmish===
[[File:Tunku Sabah Felda-Sahabat-11-03.jpg|thumb|left|One of the locations where the [[shootout]] took place on a [[palm oil]] plantation, today the site had been transformed into a Malaysian Army controlled station.]]
At around {{nowrap|10:15&nbsp;am}} on 1 March 2013, three days after Malaysia's extended deadline for the group to leave Lahad Datu, a confrontation occurred between the sultanate's forces and Malaysian police, with shots exchanged. According to Abraham Idjirani, Kiram's spokesperson, 10 army members were killed with four more injured.<ref name="10menPS">{{cite news |author=Carcamo |first=Dennis |date=1 March 2013 |title=Sulu sultan spokesman: 10 men killed in Sabah |newspaper=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/03/01/914610/sulu-sultan-spokesman-10-men-killed-sabah |access-date=1 March 2013}}</ref> The Malaysian lost two casualties. The owner of the house where Agbimuddin Kiram and his men had stayed was killed in the exchange.<ref name="StandoffOver"/> Malaysian [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Malaysia)|Home Minister]] [[Hishammuddin Hussein]] claimed that Kiram's men opened fire and denied that their security forces retaliated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/03/01/13/kiram-men-fired-first-malaysian-official|title=Kiram men opened fire at our forces: Malaysian official|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=1 March 2013|access-date=1 March 2013}}</ref> Initial reports from the Malaysian embassy in the Philippines stated that no fatalities resulted.<ref name="10menABS">{{cite web |last=Ruiz |first=Jay |date=1 March 2013 |title=Spokesman claims 10 Kiram men killed in Sabah |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/03/01/13/report-10-kiram-men-killed-sabah |access-date=1 March 2013 |publisher=ABS-CBN News}}</ref>

Ambassador Mohammad Zamri bin Mohammad Kassim told Philippine [[Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)|Foreign Affairs]] Secretary [[Albert Del Rosario]] that the "standoff was over" and that 10 "royal army" members had surrendered to Malaysian authorities after the assault. He added that members of Kiram's group had escaped and ran towards the sea, pursued by the police.<ref name="StandoffOver">{{cite news |author=Santos |first=Matikas |date=1 March 2013 |title=Sabah standoff over—Malaysian envoy |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66079/sabah-standoff-over-malaysian-envoy |access-date=1 March 2013}}</ref> Idjirani responded that none of their members were in Malaysian custody. He denied that their forces fled after the clash. He said "the standoff is not over, unless there's a concrete understanding or agreement that can be reached".<ref>{{cite news |author=Pazzibugan |first=Donna Z. |date=2 March 2013 |title=14 dead in Sabah assault |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66031/14-dead-in-sabah-assault |access-date=3 March 2013}}</ref>

Idjirani claimed that Malaysian officials wanted "to cover up the truth" when they claimed that no one was hurt in the incident. He appealed to the Malaysian government to stop the attack, saying Kiram's men were primarily armed only with [[Bolo knife|bolos]] and knives and only a few had guns.<ref name="10menPS"/> He claimed that [[sniper]]s from the Malaysian police were targeting their group. He added that the sultanate was looking at the possibility of elevating the matter to the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] and the [[United Nations Human Rights Commission]].<ref name="10menABS"/> He said that their men had moved to another location to continue their fight and urged Malaysia to hold talks.<ref name="Reuters1">{{cite news |last1=Koswanage |first1=Niluksi |last2=Raghu |first2=Anuradha |last3=Francisco |first3=Rosemarie |last4=Mogato |first4=Manny |date=1 March 2013 |title=Malaysia standoff with armed Filipinos ends in violence |work=Reuters |agency= |editor-last=Grudgings |editor-first=Stuart |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-malaysia-philippines/malaysia-standoff-with-armed-filipinos-ends-in-violence-idUKBRE92009T20130301 |access-date=1 March 2013}}</ref>

Sabah Police Commissioner Hamza Taib meanwhile said no one surrendered. He added that 12 men from Kiram's group were killed when they tried to break the security cordon imposed. Hamza claimed that the Filipinos opened fire at the Malaysian police who were forced to fire in self-defence. He said they found various weapons, including [[M16 rifle]]s, pistols and [[SLR rifle]]s and ammunition from the group. He said Agbimuddin's group were still in Tanduo and that the security cordon was holding because Malaysia wanted the occupation to be resolved peacefully.<ref>{{cite web |author=Avran |first=Dave |date=2 March 2013 |title=Deadly shootout in Lahad Datu |url=http://www.mysinchew.com/node/83569 |access-date=4 March 2013 |work=Bernama |publisher=My Sinchew}}</ref>

Malaysian Prime Minister [[Najib Razak]] later confirmed that two police officers, identified as Inspector Zulkifli Bin Mamat and Corporal Sabaruddin Bin Daud from [[Pasukan Gerakan Khas|69 Commandos]], had been killed. The Sabah police commissioner, in a separate statement, said that 12 of Kiram's followers died.<ref name="PMConfirms">{{cite web |last1=Anis |first1=Mazwin Nik |last2=Simon |first2=Khoo |last3=Vanar |first3=Muguntan |date=1 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: PM confirms two commandos killed; regrets bloodshed |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/01/Lahad-Datu-PM-confirms-two-commandos-killed-regrets-bloodshed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304002929/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F3%2F1%2Fnation%2F20130301181208&sec=nation |archive-date=4 March 2013 |access-date=1 March 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref> Najib said he had given Malaysian security forces a mandate to take "any action" against the group.<ref name="Reuters1"/> Najib added that "no compromise" was acceptable and that "either they surrender or face the consequences".<ref name=20130302com-najib>{{cite web |last1=Anis |first1=Mazwin Nik |last2=Khoo |first2=Simon |date=2 March 2013 |title=Najib: All-out action will now be taken against the intruders |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/03/02/najib-allout-action-will-now-be-taken-against-the-intruders |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302090048/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F3%2F2%2Fnation%2F12782795&sec=nation |archive-date=2 March 2013 |access-date=3 March 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref>

===Armed men in Kunak===
On 2 March 2013, a group of 10 armed men were spotted near [[Kunak District|Kunak]], a district between Lahad Datu and [[Semporna]], according to [[Royal Malaysia Police]] Inspector-General Ismail Omar. He said that three were in military fatigues similar to those being worn by the sultanate's forces.<ref name=20130303freemalaysiatoday-another>{{cite news |author=Pi |first=Thomas |date=3 March 2013 |title=Another group of intruders spotted |work=Free Malaysia Today |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/03/another-group-of-intruders-spotted/ |url-status=dead |access-date=3 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304104100/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/03/another-group-of-intruders-spotted/ |archive-date=4 March 2013}}</ref> The Malaysian government doubled the number of police and army officers, deploying members of the [[Royal Malay Regiment]], in areas where the sultanate's armed supporters were believed to be present.<ref name=20130304com-Police>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/04/Police-armed-forces-beef-up-ops/|title=Police, armed forces beef up ops|work=The Star|date=4 March 2013|access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref>

===Semporna attack===
At around {{nowrap|6:30&nbsp;am}} on 3 March 2013, fewer than 10 armed gunmen, claiming to be from the Sulu Sultanate, ambushed the police during a surveillance operation on a village off the coast of [[Semporna]]. The Bukit Aman special branch superintendent and four operatives were killed in the action. The police party remained trapped in the village surrounded by the attackers. The superintendent had led three dozen policemen, from the Semporna District Police Headquarters, after having been ordered to investigate following a tip-off that a group of armed men wee at Kampung Sri Jaya Siminul in [[Semporna District]].<ref name="5 cops, 2 gunmen killed">{{cite web |author=Yoong |first=Sean |date=3 March 2013 |title=5 Police, 2 Assailants Killed Amid Malaysian Siege |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/police-assailants-killed-amid-malaysian-siege-18640163 |access-date=3 March 2013 |work=ABC News}}</ref> The operation was launched at 4&nbsp;pm on Saturday, following intelligence reports of the existence of a firearms cache in the village, and that an uprising by groups of villagers believed to be of Philippines origin residing there was in the making.<ref name="Five more cops killed">{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/03/five-policemen-killed-in-ambush-by-armed-intruders-in-semporna-igp/|title=Five Cops, Two Gunmen Killed In Semporna Ambush|work=Bernama|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=3 March 2013|access-date=3 March 2013}}</ref>

About three hours into the operation, the police were fired upon while heading towards a house in the village and returned fire. The superintendent was killed during the ambush.<ref name="5 cops, 2 gunmen killed"/> Sabah police commissioner DCP Datuk Hamza Taib had said on Saturday that the attack may not be related to the Kampung Tanduo standoff. During the ambush, two armed gunmen were killed.<ref name=bbc21646374>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21646374|title=Malaysia police die in fresh Sabah gun battle|work=BBC News|date=3 March 2013|access-date=3 March 2013}}</ref> Idjirani, the secretary-general of Sultan Kiram III, said the violence started when Malaysian policemen, while pretending to round up undocumented Filipinos, shot Imam Maas and his four sons. Another imam was allegedly shot when Malaysian authorities learned that they were taking care of the sultan's relatives in the area.<ref>{{cite news |author=Salaverria |first=Leila B. |others=Reports by Julie S. Alipala and Alan A. Nawal |date=4 March 2013 |title=Fighting in Sabah rages |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66539/fighting-in-sabah-rages/comment-page-8 |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref> Police investigations found that Kampung Simunul, Semporna, had been infiltrated by the Sulu intruders who mingled with the inhabitants, one of whom was regarded as an 'imam'.<ref name=20130310themalaysianinsider>{{cite news|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/nine-houses-used-as-hideouts-by-intruders-may-be-demolished/ |title=Nine houses used as hideouts by intruders may be demolished |newspaper=The Malaysian Insider |date=10 March 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225034134/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/nine-houses-used-as-hideouts-by-intruders-may-be-demolished/ |archive-date=25 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was earlier reported that the intruders had planned to attack Lahad Datu police station and that both Lahad Datu and Tawau Police Special Investigation Divisions had been deployed to the scene.<ref name="Five more cops killed"/>

During the shootout, 23 police officers were pronounced missing. While captive, four policemen were tortured and mutilated, with one beheaded, according to Malaysian authorities who later found the bodies.<ref name=theage20130307>{{cite news |author=Murdoch |first=Lindsay |date=7 March 2013 |title=Mutilated bodies discovered in Sabah |newspaper=The Age |url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/mutilated-bodies-discovered-in-sabah-20130307-2fmgj.html |access-date=20 September 2013}}</ref> The mutilated condition of these bodies led the major Malay-language newspaper ''[[Utusan Malaysia]]'' to allege the influence of drugs or [[black magic]].<ref name=utusan20130308>{{cite web |date=8 March 2013 |title=Pengganas Sulu bunuh polis dengan kejam |url=http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Dalam_Negeri/20130308/dn_11/Pengganas-Sulu-bunuh-polis-dengan-kejam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925200444/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Dalam_Negeri/20130308/dn_11/Pengganas-Sulu-bunuh-polis-dengan-kejam |archive-date=25 September 2015 |access-date=8 March 2013 |work=[[Utusan Malaysia]] |language=ms}}</ref> Reports stated that six Malaysian police officers and seven assailants were killed in Semporna. Six of the attackers were fatally shot while ambushing Malaysian police, while another was beaten to death by villagers after he tried to take a hostage, according to Sabah's head of police.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Gomez |first=Jim |date=3 March 2013 |title=6 police, 7 assailants killed amid Malaysian siege |url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/6-police-7-assailants-killed-amid-malaysian-siege/article/feed/2076388 |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Washington Examiner]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060938/http://washingtonexaminer.com/6-police-7-assailants-killed-amid-malaysian-siege/article/feed/2076388 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=3 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sen |first=Teoh El |date=3 March 2013 |title=Stand-off claimed lives of six policemen |url=http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/stand-off-claimed-lives-of-six-policemen-9056 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128063245/https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/stand-claimed-lives-six-policemen-9056 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=3 March 2013 |publisher=Astro Awani}}</ref>

===Operation Daulat===
[[File:Malaysia - Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-18D Hornet edited.png|thumb|left|An American-made [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|F/A-18]], one of the jet fighters used by the [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] during the operation.]]

On 5 March 2013, [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] fighter jets, reported as [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|F/A-18]] and [[BAE Systems Hawk|Hawk]] fighters, bombed the Kiram hide-out.<ref name=bbc21665135>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21665135|title=Malaysia soldiers attack armed Filipino clan in Borneo|work=BBC News|date=5 March 2013|access-date=20 September 2013}}</ref><ref name=malaysiakini222933>{{cite news |author= |date=5 March 2013 |title=F/A-18 and Hawk fighters bomb Kg Tanduo |work=Malaysiakini |url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/222933 |access-date=20 September 2013}}</ref><ref name=gma>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/297689/news/nation/malaysian-fighter-jets-bomb-sabah-camp-of-sultan-s-men|title=Malaysian fighter jets bomb Sabah camp of sultan's men|publisher=GMA News|date=5 March 2013|access-date=5 March 2013}}</ref> Explosions were heard in Lahad Datu as the Malaysian forces moved against the gunmen.<ref name=20130305com-lahad2>{{cite web |date=5 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Malaysian security forces in all out attack against Sulu gunmen |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/03/05/lahad-datu-malaysian-security-forces-in-all-out-attack-against-sulu-gunmen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307014223/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F3%2F5%2Fnation%2F20130305073854&sec=nation |archive-date=7 March 2013 |access-date=5 March 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref> In a [[Kuala Lumpur]] rally, Najib said, "We started with air strike by jet fighters of Royal Malaysian Air Forces, followed by mortar strike; and as I'm speaking, the army and police forces, along with other members (of the security forces) following behind, are taking action to arrest and destroy the group which has breached the nation's sovereignty".<ref name=gma/>

According to IGP Ismail Omar and other police sources, the army and police began mopping-up operations codenamed "Ops Sulu" and "Ops Daulat" (Operation Sovereignty).<ref name=20130305freemalaysiatoday-msian>{{cite news |author= |date=5 March 2013 |title=Ops Sulu a success, Sulu {{sic|casualit|ies|nolink=y}} unknown |work=Free Malaysia Today |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/05/msian-army-begins-assault/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307024601/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/05/msian-army-begins-assault/ |archive-date=7 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=20130305themalaysianinsider>{{cite news|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/report-total-defeat-for-sulu-group-in-sabah-dawn-attack/ |title=Report: Total defeat for Sulu group in Sabah dawn attack |newspaper=The Malaysian Insider |date=5 March 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174027/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/report-total-defeat-for-sulu-group-in-sabah-dawn-attack/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was believed that Kiram and several of his followers had escaped the security cordon. A search was carried out in the surrounding farmland and [[Federal Land Development Authority|FELDA]] plantations.<ref name=20130306freemalaysiatoday-sulu>{{cite news |author=Ariffin |first=Lisa J. |date=8 March 2013 |title=Sulu intruder killed in gunfire |work=Free Malaysia Today |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/06/sulu-intruder-killed-in-gunfire/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309014416/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/06/sulu-intruder-killed-in-gunfire/ |archive-date=9 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Su-Lyn |first=Boo |date=6 March 2013 |title=One gunman killed today; still no bodies from airstrikes |newspaper=The Malaysian Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/one-gunman-killed-today-still-no-bodies-from-airstrikes/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101110855/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/one-gunman-killed-today-still-no-bodies-from-airstrikes/ |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> The Malaysian troops recovered 13 bodies of suspected Kiram followers in Felda Sahabat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/asean-philippines/188/details/344526/malaysia-troops-find-13-bodies,-hunt-gunmen|title=Malaysia troops find 13 bodies, hunt gunmen|newspaper=[[Gulf Times]]|date=6 March 2013|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Tunku Sabah Cenderawasih-03.jpg|thumb|The presence of additional Malaysian Army [[Armoured fighting vehicle|armoured vehicle]]s such as [[URO VAMTAC]] in a town near the conflict area five months later to increase the security in eastern Sabah.]]
On 9 March 2013, Malaysian Home Minister [[Hishammuddin Hussein]] said that Ops Daulat would end when no intruders were left.<ref name=20130309com-Lahad3>{{cite web |author=Lee |first=Stephanie |date=13 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Hishammuddin – Ops Daulat will end only when all gunmen flushed out |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/09/Lahad-Datu-Hishammuddin--Ops-Daulat-will-end-only-when-all-gunmen-flushed-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061921/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/09/Lahad-Datu-Hishammuddin--Ops-Daulat-will-end-only-when-all-gunmen-flushed-out.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref> Malaysian security forces maintained security cordons around the operation area and those with no documents such as [[MyKad]] were detained.<ref name=20130309com-Lahad4>{{cite web |date=13 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Maritime agency to erect sentry post in Felda Sahabat to curb intrusion, piracy |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/09/Lahad-Datu-Maritime-agency-to-erect-sentry-post-in-Felda-Sahabat-to-curb-intrusion-piracy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061928/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/09/Lahad-Datu-Maritime-agency-to-erect-sentry-post-in-Felda-Sahabat-to-curb-intrusion-piracy.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref><ref name=20130309com-lahad>{{cite web |last1=Sario |first1=Ruben |last2=Habubu |first2=Sira |date=13 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Three boats carrying 27 people intercepted off Tg Batu coast |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/03/09/lahad-datu-three-boats-carrying-27-people-intercepted-off-tg-batu-coast/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061931/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/09/Lahad-Datu-Three-boats-carrying-27-people-intercepted-off-Tg-Batu-coast.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref>

Tanduo village was declared secured on 11 March and the bodies of 22 Sulu gunmen were recovered. Security forces swept a neighbouring village that left a Malaysian soldier dead. Private Ahmad Hurairah Ismail was killed along with three Sulu gunmen.<ref name=20130312com-lahad>{{cite web |date=13 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: It was – and is – Malaysian soil |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/03/12/lahad-datu-it-was--and-is--malaysian-soil/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061925/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/12/Lahad-Datu-It-was--and-is--Malaysian-soil.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref><ref name=gmanetwork298941>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/298941/news/nation/malaysian-soldier-3-kiram-men-killed-in-sabah-battle-malaysian-defense-chief|title=Malaysian soldier, 3 Kiram men killed in Sabah battle – Malaysian defense chief|publisher=GMA News|date=12 March 2013|access-date=20 September 2013}}</ref> Another soldier, Private Ahmad Farhan Ruslan was killed in a road accident near Bandar Cendera-Wasih in a logistics convoy.<ref name=20130313com-lahad>{{cite web |date=13 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Soldier killed in road accident |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/03/13/lahad-datu-soldier-killed-in-road-accident |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060214/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/13/Lahad-Datu-Soldier-killed-in-road-accident.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref>

The clash ended on 24 March, while Operation Daulat was replaced by the [[Eastern Sabah Security Command]] (ESSCOM) on 29 June.<ref name="stats" /><ref name="endOP"/> Sabah [[Chief Minister of Sabah|Chief Minister]], [[Malay styles and titles#Datuk Seri|Datuk Seri]] [[Musa Aman]] said ESSCOM became responsible to enforce security arrangements.<ref name="endOP"/>

==Related incidents==

===Defacement of Malaysian and Philippine websites===
On 3 March 2013, the [[Globe Telecom]] website was defaced by hackers claiming to be from the "MALAYSIA Cyb3r 4rmy".<ref name="hacked">{{cite web |author=Phneah |first=Ellyne |date=4 March 2013 |title=Hackers take Sabah conflict to cyberspace |url=http://www.zdnet.com/ph/hackers-take-sabah-conflict-to-cyberspace-7000012061/ |access-date=23 October 2013 |website=ZDnet}}</ref> The group left the message, "Do not invade our country or you will suffer the consequences".<ref name="hacked"/> Global Telecom confirmed the hack, but claimed that no sensitive information was stolen. The website was up again by noon.

In apparent retaliation, hackers identifying themselves as from [[Anonymous (group)|Anonymous Philippines]], attacked several Malaysian websites. They warned Malaysia to "Stop attacking our cyber space! Or else we will attack your cyber world!"<ref name=gmanetwork297507>{{cite web |date=3 March 2013 |title=Sabah row spills over online: PHL, MY sites defaced |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/technology/297507/sabah-row-spills-over-online-phl-my-sites-defaced/story/ |access-date=4 March 2013 |publisher=GMA News}}</ref> The website of Stamford College in Malaysia was hacked with its front page replaced by a note that said: "The time has come to reclaim what is truly ours. Sabah is owned by the Philippines, you illegally {{sic}} claiming it".<ref name="cyberspace">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-04/sabah-sultan-followers-take-fight-to-cyberspace/4552378?section=australianetworknews|title=Sabah sultan followers take fight to cyberspace|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Australia Network News|date=5 March 2013|access-date=5 March 2013}}</ref>

===Google search results alteration===
On 4 March 2013, a [[Google]] search for the word "Sabah" reflected a [[Web cache|cached]] version of the territory's [[Sabah|Wikipedia article]]. It said the Malaysian control of the state is "illegitimate" and that "in fact, [Sabah] is part of the Sultanate of Sulu". A spokesman for Google Malaysia said they knew of the issue.<ref name="cyberspace"/><ref>{{cite news |author=Ding |first=Emily |date=5 March 2013 |title=In Lahad Datu conflict, Google bombs and Wiki-wars |newspaper=The Malaysian Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/in-lahad-datu-conflict-google-bombs-and-wiki-wars |url-status=dead |access-date=5 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602094733/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/in-lahad-datu-conflict-google-bombs-and-wiki-wars |archive-date=2 June 2015}}</ref>

===Protests at a Malaysian embassy===
20 Filipinos protested in front of the Malaysian embassy in [[Makati]] on 5 March. They called for an end to the violence, while some expressed support for the cause of Kiram. At least 50 policemen and a fire truck were deployed. The Malaysian embassy later suspended operations in response.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/metro-manila/03/05/13/malaysian-embassy-closed-due-protests|title=Malaysian embassy closed due to protests|publisher=ABS-CBN News|access-date=5 March 2013|date=5 March 2013}}</ref>

===Allegations of political motives ===
Razak sought to assess whether opposition leader [[Anwar Ibrahim]] was involved. This began after Filipino media reported that Anwar might be involved with the incursion and an image of him with [[Nur Misuari]] of [[Moro National Liberation Front (Misuari faction)|MNLF]] began circulating.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 March 2013 |title=It's a plot to make Umno lose Sabah vote |newspaper=New Straits Times |url=http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/it-s-a-plot-to-make-umno-lose-sabah-vote-1.228262#ixzz2MYgYHPD0 |url-status=dead |access-date=6 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409192235/https://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/it-s-a-plot-to-make-umno-lose-sabah-vote-1.228262 |archive-date=9 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="conspiracy">{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/thewrap/march-5,-2013/ph,-malaysia-blame-politicians-in-sabah-conspiracy|title=PH, Malaysia blame politicians in Sabah 'conspiracy'|work=Rappler|date=5 March 2013|access-date=5 March 2013}}</ref> Concurrently, Anwar launched legal proceedings against government-owned newspaper ''[[Utusan Malaysia]]'' and television station [[TV3 (Malaysia)|TV3]] for trying to link him to the incursions.<ref>{{cite news |author=Zahid |first=Syed Jaymal |date=10 March 2013 |title=Anwar demands apology from Utusan, TV3 over Sabah accusations |newspaper=The Malaysian Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/anwar-demands-apology-from-utusan-tv3-over-sabah-accusations/ |url-status=dead |access-date=4 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221185911/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/anwar-demands-apology-from-utusan-tv3-over-sabah-accusations/ |archive-date=21 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=20130304freemalaysiatoday-anwar>{{cite news|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/04/anwar-sues-utusan-tv3-over-lahad-datu-report/|title=Anwar sues Utusan, TV3 over Lahad Datu report|author=G. Vinod|work=Free Malaysia Today|date=4 March 2013|access-date=14 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308051751/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/04/anwar-sues-utusan-tv3-over-lahad-datu-report/|archive-date=8 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Meanwhile, [[People's Justice Party (Malaysia)|Malaysian People's Justice Party]] (PKR) vice-president [[Tian Chua]] claimed that the ruling [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) had deliberately orchestrated the crisis to frighten the people of [[Sabah]] into favouring the ruling coalition.<ref name=20130302freemalaysiatoday-umno>{{cite news|title=Umno-Lahad Datu link: Tian Chua slammed|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/02/umno-lahad-datu-link-tian-chua-slammed/|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=6 March 2013|date=2 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305011212/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/02/umno-lahad-datu-link-tian-chua-slammed/|archive-date=5 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chua's allegations were met with an outcry by the Malaysian public; citizens and personalities such as [[Ambiga Sreenevasan]] and [[Saifuddin Abdullah]] called for both parties to forge a [[Bipartisanship|bi-partisan]] consensus to settle the issue.

On the eve of its [[2013 Philippine general election|2013 general election]], Filipino senatorial candidates from the [[United Nationalist Alliance|opposition]] blamed President Aquino for sending unclear messages to the Kiram family.<ref name="20130305Aquino">{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/22878-una-on-sabah-aquino-sent-mixed-signals|title=UNA on Sabah: Aquino sent mixed signals|work=Rappler|date=5 March 2013|access-date=5 March 2013}}</ref> They added that the President was in danger of facing an impeachment for "betrayal of public trust".<ref name=yahoo060329966>{{cite news |author=Ribaya |first=Rio Rose |date=4 March 2013 |title=Aquino courting impeachment with Sabah stand, says Gordon |work=Yahoo! News |url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/aquino-courting-impeachment-with-sabah-stand--says-gordon-060329966.html |access-date=6 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129134749/http://ph.news.yahoo.com/aquino-courting-impeachment-with-sabah-stand--says-gordon-060329966.html |archive-date=29 November 2022}}</ref> Meanwhile, President Aquino blamed unnamed members of the previous [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] government as conspirators; while Aquino did not name anyone due to lack of evidence. Kiram's daughter Princess Jacel challenged Aquino to prove his allegations. Former National Security Adviser Norberto Gonzales denied that he was the one Aquino was accusing.<ref name=20130305manilastandardtoday-sabah>{{cite news |date=6 March 2013 |title=Sabah claim a conspiracy |newspaper=[[Manila Standard Today]] |url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/03/05/sabah-claim-a-conspiracy/ |access-date=6 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728192941/http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/03/05/sabah-claim-a-conspiracy/ |archive-date=28 July 2013}}</ref> [[Jamalul Kiram III]] unsuccessfully ran for senator under Arroyo's [[TEAM Unity (Philippines)|TEAM Unity]] during the [[2007 Philippine general election|2007 Senate Elections]].

===Use of commercial aircraft by the Malaysian Army===
On 5 March, flights of [[AirAsia]] were used to transport Malaysian troops to Sabah. An online debate ensued over whether the move highlighted patriotism of a Malaysian-based airline or the military's lack of resources. Some Malaysians wondered why the government did not mobilise its fleet of [[C-130 Hercules]] transport planes. Others lauded AirAsia for its efforts in assistance.<ref name="20130305rappler">{{cite news|title=AirAsia helps Malaysian army in Sabah|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/23118-airasia-helps-malaysian-army-in-sabah|work=Rappler|date=5 March 2013|access-date=16 March 2013}}</ref> The Defence Ministry stated that it used AirAsia was simply expedient. Malaysian defence minister Zahid Hamidi pointed out that each  RMAF C-130 Hercules was capable of carrying only 90 soldiers each, while AirAsia had jets capable of transporting up to 200 soldiers each. The Malaysian Defence Ministry pointed out that chartering civilian jetliners is a common practice in other countries,<ref name=20130310com-lahad>{{cite web |date=10 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Minister clears the air over use of AirAsia flights |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/03/10/lahad-datu-minister-clears-the-air-over-use-of-airasia-flights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060224/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/10/Lahad-Datu-Minister-clears-the-air-over-use-of-AirAsia-flights.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref> including those of NATO.<ref name=20120205bloomberg-u>{{cite web |author=Kary |first=Tiffany |date=7 February 2012 |title=Global Aviation Seeks to Cut Planes as Military Missions End |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-05/u-s-troop-transporter-global-aviation-files-for-bankruptcy-in-new-york.html |access-date=20 September 2013 |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]}}</ref>

===Assembly at the Philippine embassy===
On 8 March 2013, Malaysians assembled outside the Philippine embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. The event, called ''Ops Bunga'' (Operation Flower), encouraged participants to place flowers at the embassy's doorstep as a show of the Malaysian public's solidarity towards [[Filipinos in Malaysia]]. Organisers also urged people to offer prayers to the Malaysian security officers who died in the conflict.<ref name=20130308com-nation>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/3/8/nation/12807642&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311040225/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F3%2F8%2Fnation%2F12807642&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Fighting fire with flowers at Philippine Embassy |work=The Star |date=8 March 2013 |access-date=8 March 2013}}</ref>

===Allegations of police brutality===
On 10 March 2013, reports of [[police brutality]] by Malaysian police officials emerged over a crackdown on suspected Kiram III supporters, causing a mass migration of Filipinos from Sabah to Sulu.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Edd K. Usman |author2=Roy C. Mabasa |date=10 March 2013 |title=400 Filipinos Flee Sabah |url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/400-filipinos-flee-sabah-190655550.html;_ylt=AmSCaAWidJHe2y5lLM5cWCvhV8d_;_ylu=X3oDMTQzczM3bHI2BG1pdANCcmVha2luZyBOZXdzBHBrZwNkYzVlNmI2MS0xMDU5LTNkMDMtYWE2Ni01NTY2M2Q0NDVhODQEcG9zAzcEc2VjA01lZGlhQnJlYWtpbmdOZXdzVGVtcAR2ZXIDODI3NzZiYTAtODhlYy0xMWUyLWJmYmYtYTFlYTIxNDVlNGQ2;_ylg=X3oDMTJqdDdlbjViBGludGwDcGgEbGFuZwNlbi1waARwc3RhaWQDNzFkYjAwMGItYWM3OC0zZmU3LTgxOTEtNzQ5ZDNhMzg4ZTYxBHBzdGNhdAMEcHQDc3RvcnlwYWdl;_ylv=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414172213/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/400-filipinos-flee-sabah-190655550.html |archive-date=14 April 2018 |access-date=14 March 2013 |work=[[Manila Bulletin]] |publisher=Yahoo! News}}</ref> One refugee stated that Malaysian police had shot and killed many Filipino civilians irrespective of their [[MyKad]] status and detained many others. It was stated that those detained were not treated properly.<ref name=yahoo070003929>{{cite web |last1=Alipala |first1=Julie |last2=Manlupig |first2=Karlos |date=10 March 2013 |title='We're treated like animals': Filipinos in Sabah |url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/were-treated-animals-filipinos-sabah-070003929.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313043143/http://ph.news.yahoo.com/were-treated-animals-filipinos-sabah-070003929.html |archive-date=13 March 2013 |access-date=14 March 2013 |work=Asia News Network |publisher=Yahoo! News}}</ref> A Royal Malaysian Police official denied the allegations.<ref name=20130311freemalaysiatoday-sabah>{{cite news|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/11/sabah-police-chief-denies-mistreating-filipinos/|title=Sabah police chief denies mistreating Filipinos|work=Free Malaysia Today|date=11 March 2013|access-date=14 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313173925/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/11/sabah-police-chief-denies-mistreating-filipinos/|archive-date=13 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====MNLF reactions to police brutality====
A report on [[News5]] claimed that some [[Moro National Liberation Front]] (MNLF) members were undergoing training in [[Jolo, Sulu]] for a rescue mission for abused Filipinos in Sabah.<ref name="no" /> Former MNLF leader [[Nur Misuari]] claimed that these MNLF members were not part of or allied with the Sulu Royal Security Force.<ref name="no" /><ref name=gmanetwork297773>{{cite web |author=Fernandez |first=Amanda |date=5 March 2013 |title=Nur Misuari denies involvement in Sabah crisis |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/297773/news/nation/nur-misuari-denies-involvement-in-sabah-crisis |access-date=20 September 2013 |publisher=GMA News}}</ref> [[Sulu Province]] governor, [[Abdusakur Mahail Tan|Abdusakur Tan]] denied reports that MNLF fighters under Nur Misuari were heading to Sabah. He also denied that 1,000 MNLF fighters had been able to sneak into the [[Sabah|state]].<ref name="no" /> According to MNLF chairman Muslimin Sema they respected the decision of Sabah to join Malaysia in 1963.<ref name=res1>{{cite news|title=We respect Sabah's decision to join Malaysia, says MNLF chairman|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/13/we-respect-sabahs-decision-to-join-malaysia-says-mnlf-chairman-new/|newspaper=The Borneo Post|date=13 March 2013|access-date=11 October 2013}}</ref> He also said he had visited Sabah in 1973 and witnessed  the people's enthusiasm, adding that he had many relatives there.<ref name=res1/>

==Aftermath==

===Arrest and prosecution===
After Operation Daulat was launched, 443 individuals were held for various offences while 121 were held under the [[Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012|Security Offences (Special Measures) Act]] (SOSMA).<ref name="gov claim"/><ref name="arrested"/><ref name=20130331abnxcess>{{cite web|url=http://news.abnxcess.com/2013/03/lahad-datu-ops-daulat-to-continue-till-all-sulu-militants-are-flushed-out/ |title=Lahad Datu: Ops Daulat to continue till all Sulu militants are flushed out |publisher=ABN News |work=Bernama |date=31 March 2013 |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228144027/http://news.abnxcess.com/2013/03/lahad-datu-ops-daulat-to-continue-till-all-sulu-militants-are-flushed-out/ |archive-date=28 December 2013}}</ref> The total number arrested under SOSMA later decreased to 104, mostly [[Filipino people|Filipinos]] who were suspected of having links to Kiram III. These included family members of Kiram III who had entered the state of [[Sabah]] using assumed identities.<ref name=gmanetwork299735>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/299735/news/nation/malaysian-cops-sultan-kiram-s-kin-among-detainees-in-sabah|title=Malaysian cops: Sultan Kiram's kin among detainees in Sabah|work=Bernama|publisher=GMA News|date=17 March 2013|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> 149 Sulu gunmen were arrested and eight were charged with waging war against the King, a charge that carried the [[Capital punishment in Malaysia|death penalty]] in Malaysia.<ref name="stats" /><ref name=20130320com-Lahad>{{cite web |last1=Sario |first1=Ruben |last2=Lee |first2=Stephanie |date=20 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Eight charged with terrorist activities, waging war against King (Updated) |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/20/Lahad-Datu-Eight--charged-with-terrorist-activities-waging-war-against-King-Updated/ |access-date=23 March 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref><ref name=gmanetwork300204>{{cite web |author=Medina |first1=Andrei |last2=del Callar |first2=Michaela |date=20 March 2013 |title=8 Kiram followers face death, life terms in Malaysia for war vs King, terrorism |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/300204/news/nation/8-kiram-followers-face-death-life-terms-in-malaysia-for-war-vs-king-terrorism |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=GMA News}}</ref>

On 6 August, the Kota Kinabalu High Court convicted [[Corporal]] Hassan Ali Basari, a [[Malaysian Special Branch]] officer, of intentionally withholding information about the intrusion of Sulu gunmen at Lahad Datu between January and March 2013.<ref>{{cite web |author=Patail |first=Abdul Gani |author-link=Abdul Gani Patail |date=18 December 2013 |title=SOSMA 2012: Its Implications on Defence and Security |url=http://midas.mod.gov.my/files/speech/Teks%20Ucapan%20AG%20MIDAS%20TALK%202013.pdf |access-date=20 June 2014 |publisher=Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security |page=7}}{{dead link|date=April 2016}}</ref> The Malaysian Special Branch is the country's main internal security and domestic intelligence agency. The prosecution successfully argued that Hassan's intention not to inform his superiors resulted in casualties and fatalities on the Malaysian side. Hassan was sentenced to seven years of imprisonment, the maximum permitted jail term.<ref name=20130806com-lahad>{{cite web |last=Sario |first=Ruben |date=6 August 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: SB officer jailed seven years for withholding information on Sulu gunmen |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/08/06/lahad-datu-special-branch-convicted |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809070938/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/08/06/lahad-datu-special-branch-convicted.aspx |archive-date=9 August 2013 |access-date=8 August 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Inus |first=Kristy |date=6 August 2013 |title=Cop jailed 7 years for withholding info on Lahad Datu terrorist activities |newspaper=New Straits Times |url=http://www2.nst.com.my/nation/general/cop-jailed-7-years-for-withholding-info-on-lahad-datu-terrorist-activities-1.333722?cache=03%2F7.210662%3Fpage%3D0%3Fpage%3D0%2F7.328210%2F7.471396 |url-status=dead |access-date=8 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714203029/http://www2.nst.com.my/nation/general/cop-jailed-7-years-for-withholding-info-on-lahad-datu-terrorist-activities-1.333722?cache=03%2F7.210662%3Fpage%3D0%3Fpage%3D0%2F7.328210%2F7.471396 |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

===Burials ===
In 2013 during the ensuing conflict, Malaysian authorities announced that deceased militants would be buried in the state if their bodies were not claimed by their relatives, in compliance with the [[Geneva Conventions]].<ref>{{cite web |date=21 March 2013 |title=Sabah stand-off: 28 dead Sulu gunmen to be buried |url=https://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130321-410169.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202164758/http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130321-410169.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=8 August 2013 |work=The Star/Asia News Network |publisher=AsiaOne}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Santamaria |first=Carlos |date=18 March 2013 |title=Kiram followers to be buried in Sabah |work=Rappler |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/24043-kiram-followers-buried-sabah |access-date=8 August 2013}}</ref>

===Death of the Kiram III===
On 20 October 2013, Jamalul Kiram III died of [[multiple organ failure]] in Simunul, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines.<ref>{{cite web |author=Casauay |first=Angela |date=20 October 2013 |title=Sulu Sultan Jamalul Kiram III dies |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/41779-sulu-sultan-jamalul-kiram-iii-dies |access-date=21 October 2013 |work=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Rappler}}</ref> His family stated that they would continue their main objective to reclaim Sabah.<ref name=20131020bloomberg-sulu>{{cite web |last1=Guinto |first1=Joel |last2=Batino |first2=Clarissa |date=21 October 2013 |title=Sultan Jamalul Kiram III, Who Led Revolt in Malaysia, Dies at 75 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-20/sulu-s-sultan-kiram-iii-dies-sought-to-restore-reign-over-sabah.html |access-date=21 October 2013 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> The Royal Malaysia Police in [[Sabah]] responded by stating that they "would continue to be alert for any intrusion".<ref name=20131021philstar-1247588>{{cite news |author=Echeminada |first1=Perseus |last2=Calica |first2=Aurea |last3=Romero |first3=Alexis |last4=Cordero |first4=Abac |date=21 October 2013 |title=Dying Sulu sultan: Pursue Sabah claim |newspaper=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/10/21/1247588/dying-sulu-sultan-pursue-sabah-claim |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref>

On 13 January 2015, Agbimuddin Kiram – who led the group to invade Sabah under the instruction of the late Jamalul Kiram III – died of [[cardiac arrest]] in Tawi-Tawi where he had been in hiding.<ref name="ac"/>

===Trial===
[[File:KotaKinabalu Sabah Prison-Complex-01.jpg|thumb|right|The Prison Complex in [[Kepayan]].]]
On 6 January 2014, 30 individuals (27 Filipinos and three Malaysians) were brought to trial and charged with waging war against the King, harbouring terrorists, joining a terrorist group, and recruiting terrorists.<ref>{{cite news |author=de Jesus |first=Juliana Love |date=2 November 2013 |title=Trial of 27 Filipinos in Sabah standoff to start January |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/89379/trial-of-27-filipinos-in-sabah-standoff-to-start-january |access-date=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="trials">{{cite web |author=Uy |first=Veronica |date=27 August 2013 |title=At least 28 allies of Sulu Sultan to face trial in Malaysia in September, DFA source says |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/69468/at-least-28-allies-of-sulu-sultan-to-face-trial-in-malaysia-in-september-dfa-source-says |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215409/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/69468/at-least-28-allies-of-sulu-sultan-to-face-trial-in-malaysia-in-september-dfa-source-says |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014 |publisher=Inter Aksyon}}</ref> Proceedings began at Kota Kinabalu Central Prison in [[Kepayan]], where the charges were read in English, [[Malaysian language|Malay]] and [[Tausug language|Suluk]].<ref name="sulu trial">{{cite news |author=Rintod |first=Luke |date=6 January 2014 |title=Sulu invasion trial begins |work=Free Malaysia Today |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/01/06/sulu-invasion-trial-begins/ |url-status=dead |access-date=12 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617061834/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/01/06/sulu-invasion-trial-begins/ |archive-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> Among those prosecuted were Kiram III's nephew, Datu Amir Bahar Hushin Kiram, who abandoned his men in Tanduo but was caught by Malaysian security forces hiding in the swamps around Semporna.<ref name="trials"/><ref name="sulu trial"/><ref name=20130325theborneopost-caught>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/25/caught-sulu-commander-confirmed-as-datu-amir-bahar-hushin-kiram/|title=Caught Sulu commander confirmed as Datu Amir Bahar Hushin Kiram|work=Bernama|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=25 March 2013|access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reduan |first1=Hidir |last2=Geraldine |first2=Avila |date=7 January 2014 |title=Lahad Datu intrusion: Group was trying to take Sabah |url=https://www.asiaone.com/malaysia/lahad-datu-intrusion-group-was-trying-take-sabah |access-date=20 June 2014 |work=New Straits Times |publisher=[[AsiaOne]]}}</ref>

[[File:KotaKinabalu Sabah High-Court-01.jpg|thumb|left|The high court in [[Kota Kinabalu]].]]
On 5 February 2016, 19 of the 30 were ordered to enter their defence in the High Court of Kota Kinabalu. Justice Stephen Chung made the ruling after finding that the prosecution had succeeded in establishing a ''[[prima facie]]'' case against them: 16 Filipinos (including one woman) and three local men. Nine of the 16 Filipinos: Atik Hussin Abu Bakar, Basad H. Manuel, Ismail Yasin, Virgilio Nemar Patulada, Mohammad Alam Patulada, Salib Akhmad Emali, Al Wazir Osman, Abdul, Tani Lahaddahi, Julham Rashid and Datu Amir Bahar Hushin Kiram were alleged to have waged war against the King, a capital offence.<ref name="court orders">{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/02/05/court-orders-19-of-30-in-lahad-datu-intrusion-case-to-enter-defence/|title=Court orders 19 of 30 in Lahad Datu intrusion case to enter defence|work=Bernama|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=5 February 2016|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref>

Six Filipinos, Lin Mad Salleh, Holland Kalbi, Habil Suhaili, Timhar Hadir, Aiman Radie and a Malaysian man, Abdul Hadi Mawan were accused of membership in a terrorist group,  which was punishable with 20 years to life imprisonment a fine, or both. The sole Filipina Norhaida Ibnahi was ordered to enter her defence for allegedly wilfully harbouring individuals she knew to be members of a terrorist group.<ref name="court orders"/><ref name="told">{{cite news |last1=Geraldine |first1=Avila |last2=Miwil |first2=Olivia |date=5 February 2016 |title=Nineteen told to submit defence over 2013 Lahad Datu intrusion |newspaper=New Straits Times |url=http://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/02/125864/nineteen-told-submit-defence-over-2013-lahad-datu-intrusion |access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref> Local Mohamad Ali Ahmad and Filipino Basil Samiul were acquitted of waging war and of membership in a terrorist group, but were later charged with soliciting or supporting a terrorist group,  to which they pleaded not guilty. The new charge was made after Justice Chung found the prosecution had shown evidence that they had solicited or given support to a terrorist group, punishable with life imprisonment or a fine. Another Malaysian named Pabblo Alie was charged with soliciting support for a terrorist group, an offence punishable with up to 30 years imprisonment and a fine.<ref name="court orders"/><ref name="told"/>

On 23 February 2016, six of the Filipinos pleaded guilty to membership of in the terrorist group involved in the intrusion: Atik Hussin Abu Bakar, Lin Mad Salleh, Holland Kalbi, Basad H. Manuel, Ismail Yasin and Virgilio Nemar Patulada @ Mohammad Alam Patulada.<ref name=20160224theborneopost-six>{{cite news |author=Andokong |first=Suraini |date=24 February 2016 |title=Six Sulu gunmen trial accused plead guilty |newspaper=The Borneo Post |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/02/24/six-sulu-gunmen-trial-accused-plead-guilty/ |access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=20160223malaysiandigest>{{cite web|url=http://malaysiandigest.com/frontpage/29-4-tile/596443-six-filipinos-plead-guilty-to-being-members-of-lahad-datu-intrusion-terrorist-group.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224092340/http://malaysiandigest.com/frontpage/29-4-tile/596443-six-filipinos-plead-guilty-to-being-members-of-lahad-datu-intrusion-terrorist-group.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 February 2016|title=Six Filipinos Plead Guilty To Being Members Of Lahad Datu Intrusion Terrorist Group|work=New Straits Times|publisher=Malaysian Digest|date=23 February 2016|access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref> Another three, Aiman Radie and Malaysians Pablo Alie and Mohamad Ali Ahmad, all Filipinos, also pleaded guilty.<ref name=20160224nst>{{cite web|url=http://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/02/129312/three-more-plead-guilty-lahad-datu-intrusion-case|title=Three more plead guilty in Lahad Datu intrusion case|work=Bernama|publisher=New Straits Times|date=24 February 2016|access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref> On 23 April, one of the Filipino accused, Habil Suhaili died from an [[asthma]] attack in the [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu|Queen Elizabeth Hospital]]. It was reported that he had been ill throughout the trial.<ref name=20160425com-filipino>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/04/25/filipino-in-lahad-datu-intrusion-trial-dies/|title=Filipino in Lahad Datu intrusion trial dies|work=Bernama|publisher=The Star|date=25 April 2016|access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref>

On 25 July 2016, the court found that nine Filipino militants who led the intrusion could face the death penalty:<ref name=bangkokpost1044305>{{cite web |date=25 July 2016 |title=Nine Filipino militants may face death in Malaysia |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1044305/nine-filipino-militants-may-face-death-in-malaysia |access-date=26 July 2016 |work=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Bangkok Post}}</ref> Atik Hussin Abu Bakar, Basad H. Manuel, Ismail Yasin, Virgilio Nemar Patulada, Mohammad Alam Patulada, Salib Akhmad Emali, Al Wazir Osman, Tani Lahaddahi, Julham Rashid and Datu Amir Bahar Hushin Kiram.<ref name="spared">{{cite web|url=http://malaysiandigest.com/news/623444-nine-filipinos-sentenced-to-life-over-lahad-datu-intrusion.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727181719/http://malaysiandigest.com/news/623444-nine-filipinos-sentenced-to-life-over-lahad-datu-intrusion.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 July 2016|title=Nine Filipinos Sentenced To Life Over Lahad Datu Intrusion|work=Bernama|publisher=Malaysian Digest|date=26 July 2016|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref> All were spared by the court and given [[Life imprisonment|life sentences]] instead as the court found no evidence that they were directly involved in the skirmishes, nor was there proof that they had killed any member of the security force or injured anybody.<ref name="spared"/><ref>{{cite web |date=26 July 2016 |title=Life terms for 9 Filipinos over 2013 Malaysia incursion |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/life-terms-for-9/2987776.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727140804/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/life-terms-for-9/2987776.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016 |work=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref> Others found guilty were local Abdul Hadi Mawan, Filipino Timhar Habil, Habil Suhaili (deceased during trial) and a sole Filipina, Norhaida Ibnahi bringing the total to 13.<ref name=dailyexpress111563>{{cite news|url=http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=111563|title=13 Filipinos are found guilty|newspaper=Daily Express|date=26 July 2016|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>

On 8 June 2017, following the appeal by prosecutors to upgrade nine of the convicted's life sentences, the Malaysian Court of Appeal sentenced them to death.<ref name="appeal">{{cite web |date=8 June 2017 |title=Malaysia: 9 Filipino militants sentenced to death over incursion |url=https://asiancorrespondent.com/2017/06/malaysian-nine-filipino-militants-sentenced-death-over-incursion/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414092102/https://asiancorrespondent.com/2017/06/malaysian-nine-filipino-militants-sentenced-death-over-incursion/ |archive-date=14 April 2018 |access-date=9 June 2017 |publisher=Asian Correspondent}}</ref> The judge said the men had meticulously planned the incursion, stating that:

{{blockquote|The respondents were part of a conspiracy hatched across the border to wage war against the government of Malaysia and/or the King, to dictate its foreign relations with other countries, with intent to weaken the country from within so that they could reclaim Sabah. Such a ruthless attack by foreign enemies was unprecedented in Malaysia. For the reasons, we allow the appeal and set aside the sentence imposed by the High Court against the respondents and substitute it with the death penalty against each of the respondents.<ref name="appeal"/>}}

The following year, the [[Federal Court of Malaysia]] upheld the sentencing.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=15 January 2018 |title=Malaysia's highest court upholds death sentence for nine in Lahad Datu intrusion |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-highest-court-upholds-death-sentence-for-nine-in-lahad-datu-intrusion |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=The Straits Times |language=en}}</ref>

===Repercussions===
{{see also|Refugees of the Philippines}}
[[File:Felda-Sahabat Sabah Kg-Tanduo-02.jpg|thumb|right|Entrance to [[Kampung]] [[Tanduo]] after its transformation into a Malaysian Army camp and headquarters in 2014.]]
Thousands of Filipinos who had [[Illegal immigrants in Malaysia|illegally resided in Malaysia]], some for decades, were deported following the conflict and ensuing security-related crackdown. Some of these were forced to leave family members behind.<ref name=20130320aljazeera>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/video/asia-pacific/2013/03/20133203254428749.html|title=Deported Filipinos forced to leave families|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=20 March 2013|access-date=20 September 2013}}</ref> From January to November 2013, a total of nine thousand Filipinos were repatriated from Sabah,<ref name="flushed out"/> a number that increased to over twenty-six thousand during 2014.<ref name="illegals">{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/global-filipino/03/24/14/over-26000-filipino-illegal-migrants-return-sabah|title=Over 26,000 Filipino illegal migrants return from Sabah|author=Jaymalin Mayen|work=The Philippine Star|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=25 March 2014|access-date=21 June 2014}}</ref> Many [[overseas Filipinos]] who remained subsequently faced [[discrimination]]. They became possible targets for retaliation, especially from the local [[Bornean]] tribes, because the Malaysian police officers were mainly indigenous Borneans.<ref>{{cite news |author=Saceda |first=Charlie |date=6 March 2013 |title=Pinoys in Sabah fear retaliation |work=Rappler |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/23164-pinoys-in-sabah-fear-retaliation |url-status=dead |access-date=7 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024030440/http://www.rappler.com/nation/23164-pinoys-in-sabah-fear-retaliation |archive-date=24 October 2015}}</ref>

===Further arrests and the killing of more Sulu militants===
On 22 April 2014, a 57-year-old man in Lahad Datu who claimed to have been given the power to manage the [[Tausūg people|Suluk people]] in Sabah was arrested for displaying the Sulu Sultanate flag at his home.<ref name=20140422theborneopost-utusan>{{cite news|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/04/22/utusan-sultan-sulu-diberkas/|title='Utusan Sultan Sulu' diberkas|language=ms|newspaper=The Borneo Post|date=22 April 2014|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref name=20140423dailyexpress>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=89335|title=Man held for raising flag of Sulu Sultanate|newspaper=Daily Express|date=23 April 2014|access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref> Later on 25 June, six suspected Sulu terrorists were arrested and their weapons seized in Kunak. Membership cards, appointment letters by the Sulu sultanate, and documents linked to the sultanate were discovered.<ref name=20140626therakyatpost-maharaja>{{cite news|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/06/26/maharaja-omar-five-suspected-sulu-terrorists-nabbed-kunak/|title='Maharaja Omar' and five other suspected Sulu terrorists nabbed in Kunak|newspaper=The Rakyat Post|date=26 June 2014|access-date=26 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616204232/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/06/26/maharaja-omar-five-suspected-sulu-terrorists-nabbed-kunak/|archive-date=16 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="cops">{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1093731|title=Cop among six held for terror links|work=The Sun|date=25 June 2014|access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref> It was later revealed that one of a suspect who was a police corporal, had family ties in the southern Philippines.<ref name=20140629newsabahtimes>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/78696|title=DIGP: Detained police corporal has family ties in southern Philippines|publisher=New Sabah Times|date=29 June 2014|access-date=29 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629152213/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/78696|archive-date=29 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> These suspects had allegedly drawn up plans to form an "army" of terrorists, with plans to mount another incursion and may have been linked to the recent kidnappings in eastern Sabah.<ref name="cops"/><ref name=20140626bernama>{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1049647|title='Sulu Militants May Be Behind Spate Of Kidnappings In Sabah – Zahid|publisher=Bernama|date=26 June 2014|access-date=26 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626130516/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v7/ge/newsgeneral.php?id=1049647|archive-date=26 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 22 July, three people — a [[Bajau people|Bajau]], a Suluk, and one Filipino illegal immigrant — were held for joining a bid to claim Sabah for the Sulu sultanate. The three were believed to have been recruiting new members.<ref name=20140911com-Three>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/09/11/Three-held-for-joining-bid-to-claim-Sabah-for-Sulu-sultanate/|title=Three held for joining bid to claim Sabah for Sulu sultanate|work=The Star|date=11 September 2014|access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>

On 30 October 2014, two men identified as the members of the Sulu militants were shot dead by police in [[Penampang]]. Both suspects had committed robberies to raise funds for their activities and tried to recruit new members.<ref name=20141031com-Sulu>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/10/31/Sulu-army-recruiters-killed-by-cops-in-Penampang/|title=Two gunned down by cops in Penampang believed to be Sulu army recruiters|work=The Star|date=31 October 2014|access-date=14 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=20141105com-Sabah>{{cite web |author=Vanar |first=Muguntan |date=5 November 2014 |title=Sabah police chief: Penampang robbers were Sulu militants |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/11/05/Sabah-cops-Penampang-RSF/ |access-date=14 November 2014 |work=The Star}}</ref>

===Naturalised locals involvement===
{{see also|Naturalisation|Project IC}}
On 6 May 2015, Minister in the [[Prime Minister's Department]] [[Shahidan Kassim]] said some locals together with Filipino illegal immigrants had provided information to intruders during the invasion of Lahad Datu and other incidents. He stated:

{{blockquote|Many locals in the east coast of Sabah originated from the Philippines and, therefore, had family or economic ties with their counterparts there. This [locals] have played a part in the intrusion in the east coast of Sabah, abductions and cross border crimes prior to the establishment of ESSCOM and ESSZONE. As a counter-measure, we will try to instill in their mindset that this is our country where we make our living together, where our children are studying and where their future lies, adding that the effort to defend the country was a collective effort.<ref name=20150506dailyexpress>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=99512|title=Some locals involved in Sulu intrusion: Shahidan|newspaper=Daily Express|date=6 May 2015|access-date=6 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506050029/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=99512|archive-date=6 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}

===Economic impacts===
The 2013 attack affected trade relations, especially with the Philippines side of [[Tawi-Tawi]] where most of goods came from Sabah.<ref>{{cite news |author=Casauay |first=Angela |date=6 March 2013 |title=Tawi-Tawi misses the old Sabah |work=Rappler |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/23218-tawi-tawi-misses-the-old-sabah |url-status=dead |access-date=23 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513015322/http://www.rappler.com/nation/23218-tawi-tawi-misses-the-old-sabah |archive-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> In 2015, the Malaysian police proposed to ban the activities.<ref name=20150518com-igp>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/05/18/igp-khalid-police-to-propose-barter-trade-ban-in-sabah/|title=Police to propose banning barter trade in Sabah|work=The Star|date=18 May 2015|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=20150601dfa>{{cite web|url=https://dfa.gov.ph/index.php/newsroom/phl-embassies-and-consulates-news/6333-basilan-officials-urge-closer-mindanao-sabah-relations-expresses-concern-on-proposed-barter-trade-ban|title=Basilan officials urge closer Mindanao-Sabah relations, expresses concern on proposed barter trade ban|publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs, Philippines|date=1 June 2015|access-date=16 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516043847/https://dfa.gov.ph/index.php/newsroom/phl-embassies-and-consulates-news/6333-basilan-officials-urge-closer-mindanao-sabah-relations-expresses-concern-on-proposed-barter-trade-ban|archive-date=16 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was opposed by their Philippine counterparts.<ref name=inquirer123712>{{cite news |author=Calleja |first=Niña P. |date=30 May 2015 |title=Proposed ban on barter trade worries Basilan |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/123712/proposed-ban-on-barter-trade-worries-basilan |access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> The ban came into effect in 2016 with majority support from Sabahan residents.<ref name=20160407straitstimes>{{cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/sabah-closes-eastern-borders-to-stop-kidnapping-menace|title=Sabah closes eastern borders to stop kidnapping menace|newspaper=[[The Straits Times]]|date=7 April 2016|access-date=16 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516044223/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/sabah-closes-eastern-borders-to-stop-kidnapping-menace|archive-date=16 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=20160413borneobulletin>{{cite web|url=http://borneobulletin.com.bn/tawau-residents-support-directive-to-stop-barter-trade-in-sabah/|title=Tawau residents support directive to stop barter trade in Sabah|work=Bernama|publisher=[[Borneo Bulletin]]|date=13 April 2016|access-date=19 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519053824/http://borneobulletin.com.bn/tawau-residents-support-directive-to-stop-barter-trade-in-sabah/|archive-date=19 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=20160420theborneopost-barter>{{cite news |last1=Lai |first1=Nancy |last2=Morpi |first2=Murib |last3=Lajiun |first3=Jenne |date=20 April 2016 |title=Barter trade ban hotly debated |newspaper=[[The Borneo Post]] |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/04/20/barter-trade-ban-hotly-debated/ |url-status=dead |access-date=16 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516044011/http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/04/20/barter-trade-ban-hotly-debated/ |archive-date=16 May 2016}}</ref> The ban was removed in 2017 following the increase of security from the Filipino side.<ref>{{cite web |author=Colina IV |first=Antonio L. |date=25 January 2017 |title=Cross border trade between Malaysia and ARMM's island provinces to reopen on Feb. 1 |url=http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2017/01/cross-border-trade-between-malaysia-and-armms-island-provinces-to-reopen-on-feb-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201050252/http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2017/01/cross-border-trade-between-malaysia-and-armms-island-provinces-to-reopen-on-feb-1/ |archive-date=1 February 2017 |access-date=11 April 2017 |publisher=Minda News}}</ref> Despite the return of barter activity, Sabah maintained they would remain cautious on trade.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 June 2017 |title=Sabah trades cautiously with the Philippines due to security situation |url=http://m.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/sabah-trades-cautiously-with-the-philippines-due-to-security-situation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224110005/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2017/06/04/sabah-trades-cautiously-with-the-philippines-due-to-security-situation/1392127 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |access-date=6 June 2017 |work=Bernama |publisher=The Malay Mail}}</ref>

=== Malaysian politician meeting with Jacel Kiram ===
On 9 November 2015, the [[#Allegations of political motives behind the conflict|allegation of political motives]] towards one of the [[Opposition (Malaysia)|Malaysian opposition]] parties behind the incursion was strengthened when the daughter of de facto leader of the [[People's Justice Party (Malaysia)|Malaysian People's Justice Party]] (PKR) [[Nurul Izzah Anwar]] was seen taking a [[selfie]] with Jacel Kiram holding a poster stating "#Release [[Anwar Ibrahim|Anwar]] immediately".<ref name="20151119Izzah">{{cite web |author=Taharumalengam |first=Avineshwaran |date=19 November 2015 |title=Uproar over Nurul Izzah's photos with daughter of man who ordered Lahad Datu intrusion |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/11/19/Nurul-Izzah-Jacel-Kiram-pictures-uproar/ |access-date=20 November 2015 |work=The Star}}</ref> Izzah claimed that she and Tian Chua were invited to meet with stakeholders from the Philippines, adding that they also met other Filipino politicians such as [[Hermilando Mandanas]] and [[Regina Reyes]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Anand |first=Ram |date=19 November 2015 |title=Nurul Izzah says meeting with Sulu sultan's daughter arranged by Manila |newspaper=The Malaysian Insider |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/nurul-izzah-says-meeting-with-sulu-sultans-daughter-arranged-by-manila |url-status=dead |access-date=20 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102032747/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/nurul-izzah-says-meeting-with-sulu-sultans-daughter-arranged-by-manila |archive-date=2 January 2016}}</ref> She emphasized her support for Malaysian government initiatives in [[Peace process with the Bangsamoro in the Philippines|peace negotiations in southern Philippines]], as well defending Sabah's sovereignty as part of the Malaysian federation.<ref name=20151119therakyatpost-nurul>{{cite news |author=Fong |first=Fernando |date=19 November 2015 |title=Nurul Izzah clears air over controversial photos of her in the Philippines |newspaper=The Rakyat Post |url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/11/19/nurul-izzah-clears-the-air-over-controversial-photos-in-the-philippines/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405065939/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2015/11/19/nurul-izzah-clears-the-air-over-controversial-photos-in-the-philippines/ |archive-date=5 April 2019}}</ref> Her intention was however still questioned from various Sabahan politicians and residents. One Sabahan politician said:<ref name=dailyexpress104676>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=104676|title=Nurul's explanation fails to appease Sabah leaders|newspaper=Daily Express|date=23 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124022641/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=104676|archive-date=24 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{blockquote|As an MP [Member of parliament] in Malaysia, if she was caring for Malaysians and Sabah residents, we would welcome it. But if there is "something deeper" in the meeting, we want her to explain and it should be brought to [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parliament]].<ref name=20151120astroawani>{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/nurul-izzah-princess-jacel-kiram-meeting-questioned-81585|title=Nurul Izzah-Princess Jacel Kiram meeting questioned|work=Bernama|publisher=Astro Awani|date=20 November 2015|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref>}}

The Malaysian government considered referring Izzah to the [[Parliament of Malaysia|Parliament]] to assess the possibility of an illicit deal.<ref name="20151119com-Nurul">{{cite web |last1=Sivandam |first1=Hemananthani |last2=Damodaran |first2=Kanyakumari |date=19 November 2015 |title=Govt considers referring Nurul Izzah to Parliament over meeting with Jacel Kiram |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/11/19/Nurul-Izzah-Azalina-Jacel-Kiram/ |access-date=20 November 2015 |work=The Star}}</ref> She was banned from entering the states of Sabah and neighbouring [[Sarawak]] on the grounds of failing to show sensitivity.<ref name=20151207com-sarawak>{{cite web |author=Ji |first=Yu |date=7 December 2015 |title=Nurul Izzah banned from Sarawak because of photo with Jacel Kiram |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/12/07/sarawak-nurul-izzah-ban-jacel-kiram/ |access-date=20 November 2015 |work=The Star}}</ref>

On 22 November 2015, Izzah filed a defamation lawsuit against Malaysian Inspector Police Chief Khalid Abu Bakar and Rural and Regional Development Minister [[Ismail Sabri Yaakob]]. On 18 April 2018, Izzah won the case and they were ordered to pay Izzah RM1 million for all the damages made towards her reputation.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kwan |first=Ling |date=18 April 2018 |title=Nurul Izzah to Get RM1 Million From Ex-IGP Khalid and Ismail Sabri for Being Defamed |url=https://www.worldofbuzz.com/nurul-izzah-to-get-rm1-million-from-ex-igp-khalid-and-ismail-sabri-for-being-defamed/ |access-date=15 May 2018 |publisher=World of Buzz}}</ref>

===Sulu militants arms discovery===
On 4 January 2016, a team of 15-[[General Operations Force]] (GOF) members led by two officers discovered a weapons cache comprising two [[M14 rifle]]s, one [[Uzi#Uzi pistol|Uzi machine pistol]], three [[M1911 pistol|Colt .45]] pistols, one revolver, a pair of handcuffs and 173 bullets of different calibres in Lahad Datu following a tip from local villagers while the team was conducting an operation in the area. The weapons were believed to have been buried by surviving militants before they fled back to the Philippines.<ref name=dailyexpress105606>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=105606|title=Arms buried at invasion site|newspaper=Daily Express|date=6 January 2016|access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>

===Honours===
[[File:Army (8553203783).jpg|thumb|right| Malaysian officers pay their respects to fallen comrades, Privates Ahmad Hurairah Ismail and Ahmad Farhan Ruslan, at [[RMAF Subang Air Base|Subang Air Force Base]].]]

On 11 August 2017, the [[Malaysian Armed Forces]] (MAF) held the 'Daulat Feb 2013' Battle Honour parade and award presentation ceremony at the [[Merdeka Square, Kota Kinabalu|Merdeka Square]], Kota Kinabalu to honour the soldiers who died in the line of duty. The award was bestowed on 24 teams for their sincerity, efficiency and perseverance.<ref name=20170811nst>{{cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/08/266781/thousands-gather-kota-kinabalu-honour-heroes-lahad-datu-intrusion|title=Thousands gather in Kota Kinabalu to honour heroes of Lahad Datu intrusion|author=Avila Geraldine|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=11 August 2017|access-date=23 September 2017}}</ref> Defence Minister [[Hishammuddin Hussein]] presented the 'Pingat Kedaulatan Negara' (PKN) to 61 MAF officers and personnel.<ref name=20170813theborneopost-battle>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2017/08/13/battle-honours-awarded-in-appreciation-of-ops-daulat-heroes/|title=Battle honours awarded in appreciation of 'Ops Daulat' heroes|work=Bernama|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=13 August 2017|access-date=23 September 2017}}</ref>

==Reactions==

=== Supranational bodies ===
* {{flagu|United Nations}} – [[UN Secretary-General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]] called for an end to the conflict. He urged all sides to engage in dialogue to resolve the situation peacefully.<ref name="20130306un">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/sg/statements/index.asp?nid=6638|title=Statement attributable to the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General on Sabah, Malaysia|publisher=[[United Nations]]|date=6 March 2013|access-date=7 March 2013}}</ref> On 8 March 2013, Ban met with Hussein Haniff, the Malaysian Permanent Representative to the United Nations on the conflict. A statement from the [[UN Secretariat]] said that the Secretary-General "reiterated his hope that the situation will be resolved as soon as possible and that efforts will continue to be made to ensure that human rights will be respected and loss of life will be prevented."<ref name="20130308un">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/sg/offthecuff/index.asp?nid=2737|title=Readout of the Secretary-General's meeting with H.E. Mr. Hussein Haniff, Permanent Representative of Malaysia to the United Nations|publisher=United Nations|date=8 March 2013|access-date=9 March 2013}}</ref>

=== States ===
* {{flagu|Brunei}} – The Major General of [[Royal Brunei Armed Forces]] [[Aminuddin Ihsan]] conveyed his hope that the Sabah crisis would be resolved peacefully.<ref name="20130321com-sulu">{{cite news |author=Kamit |first=Rabiatul |date=21 March 2013 |title=Sulu conflict 'under control' ASEAN peacekeepers not needed at present |newspaper=The Brunei Times |url=http://www.bt.com.bn/2013/03/21/sulu-conflict-under-controlasean-peacekeepers-not-needed-present |url-status=dead |access-date=22 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306193712/http://www.bt.com.bn/2013/03/21/sulu-conflict-under-controlasean-peacekeepers-not-needed-present |archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Indonesia}} – [[President of Indonesia|President]] [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] urged a diplomatic solution. He said "I will pursue a diplomatic approach in the near future, because it's bad (if the incident prolongs). (But) it does not mean that Indonesia will intervene in Malaysia's internal affairs."<ref name="20130319abnxcess">{{cite web|url=http://news.abnxcess.com/2013/03/indonesian-president-susilo-wants-diplomatic-solution-to-lahad-datu-crisis/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140114072732/http://news.abnxcess.com/2013/03/indonesian-president-susilo-wants-diplomatic-solution-to-lahad-datu-crisis/|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2014|title=Indonesian president Susilo urges diplomatic solution to Lahad Datu crisis|publisher=ABN News|date=19 March 2013|access-date=14 January 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagu|United States}} – [[US Ambassador to the Philippines]] [[Harry K. Thomas, Jr.]] said that Manila and Kuala Lumpur have the ability "to work this out in a peaceful manner, according to international norms." He also added that if the two governments would sit down and talk, the standoff could be resolved without bloodshed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Alipala |first1=Julie |last2=Rosauro |first2=Ryan |date=23 February 2013 |title=US stays clear of Sabah row |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/65309/us-stays-clear-of-sabah-row |access-date=25 February 2013}}</ref> The United States welcomed the signing of the Bangsamoro Framework Agreement.<ref name="yahoo114242622">{{cite web |last=Mabasa |first=Roy |date=16 October 2012 |title=US Hails Peace Deal |url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/us-hails-peace-deal-114242622.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422234239/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/us-hails-peace-deal-114242622.html |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=25 February 2013 |work=Manila Bulletin |publisher=Yahoo! News}}</ref>

=== Non-state actors ===
* Other claimants to the Sultanate:
** {{flagicon image|Suluflag.jpg}} [[Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram]] decried the actions of his relatives and what he claimed are "false pretenders to the throne"<ref name="kirampr">{{cite web|url=http://www.prlog.org/12080731-statement-from-ampun-muedzul-lail-tan-kiram-35th-sultan-of-sulu.html |title=Statement from Ampun Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram, 35th Sultan of Sulu |publisher=PRLog |date=15 February 2013 |access-date=21 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308181540/https://www.prlog.org/12080731-statement-from-ampun-muedzul-lail-tan-kiram-35th-sultan-of-sulu.html |archive-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url=http://www.malaysiakini.tv/video/24983/multiple-sultans-of-sulu-making-claims-for-sabah.html |title=Multiple Sultans of Sulu making claims for Sabah |date=21 February 2013 |author=Naidu |first=Sumisha |medium=video |publisher=[[Malaysiakini]] |time=1:15 |access-date=26 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224014149/http://www.malaysiakini.tv/video/24983/multiple-sultans-of-sulu-making-claims-for-sabah.html |archive-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
** Fuad Kiram expressed his disapproval of the actions of cousin Kiram III. He said he wants the retaking of Sabah done "by peaceful means and by peaceful coexistence with others."<ref name="2moreclaim"/> He offered his prayers for the safety of the people who are in Lahad Datu.<ref name=20130224borneoinsider-govt>{{cite web|url=http://borneoinsider.com/2013/02/24/govt-recognized-sultan-of-sulu-fuad-kiram-asks-for-sobriety-prayers-for-peace-on-standoff/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210123800/http://borneoinsider.com/2013/02/24/govt-recognized-sultan-of-sulu-fuad-kiram-asks-for-sobriety-prayers-for-peace-on-standoff/|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2015|title=Govt-recognized Sultan of Sulu, Fuad Kiram, asks for sobriety, prayers for peace on standoff|publisher=The Borneo Insider|date=24 February 2013|access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref>
** Abdul Rajak Aliuddin opposed the claims of Kiram III and his supporters, stating that his own family "is the rightful owner of the throne." He claimed to be the sixth Sultan of North Borneo.<ref name=20130221com-nation>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/21/nation/12737830|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413161656/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/21/nation/12737830|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 April 2013|title=Businessman: I am the Sultan of North Borneo|work=The Star|date=21 February 2013|access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref>
** Mohd Akjan Ali Muhammad called on all the Suluk people in Sabah to avoid the conflict. He stressed that "he is the one of the rightful heir to the Sulu Sultanate and remind all the Suluks community that they are a Malaysian citizens and has no link with the intruders from the Philippines."<ref name=20130311asianewsnet>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianewsnet.net/Suluk-leader-Over-my-dead-body-Ill-allow-Filipinos-43823.html|title=Suluk leader: 'Over my dead body I'll allow Filipinos to claim Sabah'|publisher=ANN|work=The Star|date=11 March 2013|access-date=20 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322014020/http://asianewsnet.net/Suluk-leader-Over-my-dead-body-Ill-allow-Filipinos-43823.html|archive-date=22 March 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* The [[International Union of Socialist Youth]] (IUSY) in its 2013 World Council called for a consultative process to resolve the conflict, and supported the self-determination rights of Sabahans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iusy.org/en/component/content/article/13-presidium/291-iusy-world-council-2013|title=IUSY World Council 2013|publisher=[[IUSY]]|access-date=16 May 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616041221/http://iusy.org/en/component/content/article/13-presidium/291-iusy-world-council-2013|archive-date=16 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.svg}} [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]] – Its chairman, [[Al-Hajj Murad Ebrahim|Murad Ibrahim]], asserted that MILF was not involved with the conflict. He mentioned that the issue was a matter to be resolved by the Kuala Lumpur and Manila authorities.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: We are not involved, says MILF |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Lahad+Datu%3A+We+are+not+involved%2C+says+MILF%22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060349/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/07/Lahad-Datu-We-are-not-involved-says-MILF.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |work=The Star}}</ref> Murad urged Moro refugees and immigrants in Sabah to return to their homes in the Philippines.<ref name=20130121theborneopost-moro>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/01/21/moro-refugees-immigrants-in-sabah-should-return-develop-homeland-kurup/|title=Moro refugees, immigrants in Sabah should return, develop homeland — Kurup|work=Bernama|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=21 January 2013|access-date=20 September 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|MNLF flag.svg}} [[Moro National Liberation Front]]:
** (Muslimin Sema's faction) – The MNLF under [[Mus Sema|Muslimin Sema]] condemned the incursions of the Sulu militants. "We (MNLF) do not support with what is happening in Sabah (the intrusion and the violent acts of the terrorists). We disapprove it. The incidents in Sabah are done to drive a wedge between our peoples." Sema said. "The incidents are also to break the bond between Sabah and the southern Philippines, as well as between Malaysia and Philippines. They want to destroy the bond (between the two peoples)", he added.<ref name=20130307borneoinsider-mnlf>{{cite web|url=http://borneoinsider.com/2013/03/07/mnlf-condemns-terrorist-acts-in-east-sabah/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060353/http://borneoinsider.com/2013/03/07/mnlf-condemns-terrorist-acts-in-east-sabah/|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2013|title=MNLF condemns terrorist acts in east Sabah|publisher=The Borneo Insider|date=7 March 2013|access-date=20 September 2013}}</ref>
** (Nur Misuari faction) – The MNLF under [[Nur Misuari]], a Kiram III ally, expressed support of the Sultanate's claim on Sabah.<ref>{{cite web |author=El Sen |first=Teoh |date=14 March 2013 |title=MNLF supports Sulu claim, says Nur Misuari faction |url=http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/mnlf-supports-sulu-claim-says-nur-misuari-faction-9877 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705095938/http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/mnlf-supports-sulu-claim-says-nur-misuari-faction-9877 |archive-date=5 July 2014 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=Astro Awani}}</ref><ref name=20130320com-lahad>{{cite web |date=20 March 2013 |title=Lahad Datu: Nur Misuari told not to take advantage of Sabah situation |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/03/20/lahad-datu-nur-misuari-told-not-to-take-advantage-of-sabah-situation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317175943/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/03/20/Lahad-Datu-Nur-Misuari-told-not-to-take-advantage-of-Sabah-situation.aspx/ |archive-date=17 March 2014 |access-date=13 June 2014 |work=The Star}}</ref>

==Known casualties==

===List of killed in action (KIA)===

====Police====
{{main|List of Malaysian police officers killed in the line of duty}}
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! style="width:190px;" | Name
! style="width:11px;" | Age
! Action
! style="width:190px;" | Medal
|-
! colspan=4 | Operators of [[Pasukan Gerakan Khas|69 Commando of Pasukan Gerakan Khas]]
|-
|'''[[Inspector]] G/17992 Zulkifli Bin Mamat'''|| 29 || Killed on the first battle at Kampung Tanduo when the terrorist suddenly shot him at point blank range || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of [[Assistant Superintendent|ASP]]
|-
|'''[[Corporal]] 113088 Sabaruddin Bin Daud'''|| 47 || Killed on the first battle at Kampung Tanduo  || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of [[Sergeant]]
|-
! colspan=4 | Special police agents of the [[Malaysian Special Branch|Special Branch]] of [[Royal Malaysia Police]]
|-
|'''[[Superintendent (police)|Superintendent]] G/10768 Ibrahim Bin Lebar'''|| 52 || Killed on the ambush at Semporna || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of [[Assistant Commissioner|ACP]]
|-
|'''[[Assistant Superintendent|ASP]] G/15053 Michael s/o Padel''' || 36 || Killed on the ambush at Semporna || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of [[Deputy Superintendent|DSP]]
|-
|'''D/[[Sergeant|SGT]] 110204 Baharin Bin Hamit'''|| 49 || Killed on the ambush at Semporna || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of [[Sergeant Major]]
|-
! colspan=4 | Policemen of the 14th Battalion, [[General Operations Force]] of [[Royal Malaysia Police]]
|-
|'''SGT 124082 Abd Aziz Bin Sarikon''' || 48 || Killed on the ambush at Semporna || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of [[Sergeant Major]]
|-
|'''[[Lance Corporal]] 160475 Mohd Azrul Bin Tukiran'''|| 27 || Killed on the ambush at Semporna || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of [[Corporal]]
|-
! colspan=4 | Policemen of the Tawau Police District Headquarters
|-
|'''Support Corporal S/12675 Salam Bin Togiran''' || 42 || Killed on the ambush at Semporna || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of Support [[Sergeant]]
|}

====Army====
{| class=wikitable style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! style="width:190px;" | Name
! style="width:11px;" | Age
! Action
! style="width:190px;" | Medal
|-
! colspan=4 | Soldiers of the [[Royal Malay Regiment]] of [[Malaysian Army]]
|-
|'''[[Private (rank)|Private]] Ahmad Hurairah Bin Ismail'''|| – || Killed by an enemy sniper during Ops Daulat || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of [[Corporal]]
|-
|'''Private Ahmad Farhan Bin Ruslan'''|| – || Mortally wounded in a traffic accident near Bandar Cenderawasih, Felda Sahabat || Pingat Kedaulatan Negara, Posthumous promotion rank of Corporal
|}

==See also==
* [[Anti-Filipino sentiment#Sabah]]
* [[History of Sabah]]
{{Portal bar|Malaysia|Philippines}}

==Further reading==
* [http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/02/13/A-year-after-the-Lahad-Datu-attacks-revisited/ A year after: Lahad Datu intrusion revisited] <small>([http://storify.com/staronline/lahad-datu-one-year-forward Storify link])</small> [[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150418180535/http://www.iseas.edu.sg/documents/publication/ISEAS%20Perspective%202013_12.pdf Section: "Suluk" Invasion of Eastern Sabah] [[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] ({{ISSN|2335-6677}})
* [https://www.csis.org/analysis/royal-army-sulu-invades-malaysia The Royal Army of Sulu Invades Malaysia] [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="no">{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/59091/sulu-governor-no-mnlf-rescue-mission-for-filipinos-in-sabah |title=Sulu Governor: No MNLF rescue mission for Filipinos in Sabah |author=Abigail C. Kwok |publisher=Inter Aksyon |date=10 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107183628/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/59091/sulu-governor-no-mnlf-rescue-mission-for-filipinos-in-sabah |archive-date=7 November 2014 |access-date=11 October 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="stats">{{cite AV media |url=http://www.astroawani.com/videos/show/buletin-awani/kronologi-pencerobohon-lahad-datu-25523 |title=Kronologi pencerobohon Lahad Datu |language=ms |medium=video |time=1:20 |publisher=[[Astro Awani]] |date=15 February 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014}}</ref>

}}

===Notes===
<references group="note"/>

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