Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:2014 Winter Olympics

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Multi-sport event in Sochi, Russia}}
{{Redirect|Sochi 2014|the Winter Paralympics|2014 Winter Paralympics}}
{{For|the Summer Youth Olympics held in Nanjing, China|2014 Summer Youth Olympics}}
{{Redirect|Russia 2014|the events in 2014 in Russia|2014 in Russia}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox Olympic games|2014|Winter|Olympics|
|image = Sochi 2014 (Emblem).svg
|image_size = 240
|alt = Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics official logo
|caption = Emblem of the 2014 Winter Olympics
|host_city = [[Sochi]], Russia
|motto = ''Hot. Cool. Yours.''<br />({{lang-ru|1=<span style="font-style: normal;">Жаркие. Зимние. Твои.</span>}}, ''Zharkie. Zimnie. Tvoi'')
|nations = 88
|events = 98 in 7 [[Olympic sports|sports]] (15 disciplines)
|athletes = 2,873
|opening = 7 February 2014
|closing = 23 February 2014
|opened_by = [[President of Russia|President]] [[Vladimir Putin]]
|cauldron = {{ubl|[[Irina Rodnina]]|[[Vladislav Tretiak]]}}
|stadium = [[Fisht Olympic Stadium]]
|winter_prev = [[2010 Winter Olympics|Vancouver 2010]]
|winter_next = [[2018 Winter Olympics|PyeongChang 2018]]
|summer_prev = [[2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012]]
|summer_next = [[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio 2016]]
}}
{{2014 Winter Olympics}}

The '''2014 Winter Olympics''', officially called the '''XXII Olympic Winter Games''' ({{lang-ru|XXII Олимпийские зимние игры|XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry}}) and commonly known as '''Sochi 2014''' ({{lang-ru|Сочи 2014}}), were an international winter [[multi-sport event]] that was held from 7&nbsp;to 23&nbsp;February 2014 in [[Sochi]], Russia. Opening rounds in certain events were held on 6&nbsp;February 2014, the day before the [[2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony|opening ceremony]].

These were the first Olympic Games under the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) presidency of [[Thomas Bach]]. Both the Olympics and [[2014 Winter Paralympics|Paralympics]] were organized by the [[Sochi 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee|Sochi Organizing Committee]] (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th [[List of IOC meetings#IOC Sessions|IOC Session]] held in [[Guatemala City]]. It was the first Olympics to be held in a [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] state after the breakup of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in Moscow.

A record ninety-eight events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games. A number of new competitions—a total of twelve accounting for gender—were held during the Games, including [[biathlon]] mixed relay, women's [[ski jumping]], mixed-team [[figure skating]], mixed-team [[luge]], [[half-pipe]] skiing, ski and snowboard [[slopestyle]], and snowboard [[parallel slalom]]. The events were held around two clusters of new venues: an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi's [[Imeretinsky Valley]] on the coast of the [[Black Sea]], with [[Fisht Olympic Stadium]], and the Games' indoor venues located within walking distance; and snow events in the [[resort town|resort settlement]] of [[Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai|Krasnaya Polyana]].

The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most [[Cost of the Olympic Games|expensive Games]] in the history of the Olympics. While originally budgeted at [[US$]]12&nbsp;billion, major cost overruns caused this figure to expand to US$51&nbsp;billion, more than three times the cost of the [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London Olympics]] and even surpassing the estimated cost of US$44&nbsp;billion for the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in Beijing. The 2014 Games achieved a record broadcast audience of 2.1&nbsp;billion people worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sochi 2014 Facts & figures|url=https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Games/Winter-Games/Games-Sochi-2014-Winter-Olympic-Games/Facts-and-Figures/Factsheet-Facts-and-Figures-Sochi-2014.pdf|publisher=International Olympic Committee|date=1 February 2015|access-date=6 June 2018|archive-date=1 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001015101/https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Games/Winter-Games/Games-Sochi-2014-Winter-Olympic-Games/Facts-and-Figures/Factsheet-Facts-and-Figures-Sochi-2014.pdf|url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016, an [[McLaren Report|independent report]] commissioned by the [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] confirmed allegations that the Russian Olympic team had been involved in a [[Doping in Russia|state-sponsored doping program]], active from at least late-2011 through August 2015. The program was active during the Winter Olympics in Sochi, and athletes had benefited from the [[cover-up]].<ref name=NYT161209>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/sports/russia-doping-mclaren-report.html|title= Russia's Doping Program Laid Bare by Extensive Evidence in Report|work= The New York Times|first= Rebecca R.|last= Ruiz|date= 9 December 2016|access-date= 16 December 2017|archive-date= 2 March 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180302201732/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/sports/russia-doping-mclaren-report.html|url-status= live }}</ref><ref name=Guardian161209>{{cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2016/dec/09/mclaren-report-into-doping-in-sport-part-two-live|title= McLaren report: more than 1,000 Russian athletes involved in doping conspiracy|work= The Guardian|first= Lawrence|last= Ostlere|date= 9 December 2016|access-date= 16 December 2017|archive-date= 30 November 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171130123449/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2016/dec/09/mclaren-report-into-doping-in-sport-part-two-live|url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://apnews.com/8be9cb7fcb5b4d65b1031597bb9f9e5e/Emails-show-how-Russian-officials-covered-up-mass-doping|title= Emails show how Russian officials covered up mass doping|first= James|last= Ellingworth|work= [[Associated Press]]|date= 13 December 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161214061329/https://apnews.com/8be9cb7fcb5b4d65b1031597bb9f9e5e/Emails-show-how-Russian-officials-covered-up-mass-doping|archive-date= 14 December 2016|url-status=live }}</ref> The IOC stripped thirteen medals from Russian athletes in 2017, but nine were reinstated by the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]]. In December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the [[Russian Olympic Committee]], with an option for [[whitelist]]ed athletes to compete [[Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics|independently]] during the [[2018 Winter Olympics]].<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news|last1=Ruiz|first1=Rebecca|last2=Panja|first2=Tariq|title=Russia Banned from Winter Olympics by I.O.C.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/05/sports/olympics/ioc-russia-winter-olympics.html?mtrref=t.co|access-date=5 December 2017|work=The New York Times|date=5 December 2017 |archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074511/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/05/sports/olympics/ioc-russia-winter-olympics.html?mtrref=t.co|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="russia_banned">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/russia-banned-from-2018-olympics-following-doping-allegations/2017/12/05/9ab49790-d9d4-11e7-b859-fb0995360725_story.html|title=Russia banned from 2018 Olympics for widespread doping program|last=Hobson|first=Will|date=5 December 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=5 December 2017|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=17 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217000822/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/russia-banned-from-2018-olympics-following-doping-allegations/2017/12/05/9ab49790-d9d4-11e7-b859-fb0995360725_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Bidding process==
{{Main|Bids for the 2014 Winter Olympics}}
[[File:RIAN archive 159366 Sochi residents celebrate IOC's decision to hold 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.jpg|thumb|Fans celebrating [[Sochi bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics|Sochi's bid]] win]]
Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 during the 119th [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) session held in [[Guatemala City]], [[Guatemala]], defeating bids from [[Salzburg]], [[Austria]]; and [[Pyeongchang County|Pyeongchang]], South Korea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/olympic_news/full_story_uk.asp?id=2221|title=Sochi Elected as Host City of XXII Olympic Winter Games, International Olympic Committee|publisher=Olympic.org|date=4 July 2007|access-date=17 January 2014|archive-date=5 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205235120/http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/olympic_news/full_story_uk.asp?id=2221|url-status=live}}</ref> This is the first time that the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] has hosted the Winter Olympics. The [[Soviet Union at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Soviet Union]] was the host of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] held in and around Moscow.
{|class="wikitable"
|+ 2014 host city election – ballot results<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014|title=IOC's Sochi 2014 Page (refer to the Election of Sochi section)|website=[[International Olympic Committee]]|date=4 July 2007|access-date=23 September 2020|df=dmy-all|archive-date=19 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319031732/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/athlete-benoit-valentin|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! City
! Country (NOC)
! Round 1
! Round 2
|-
|[[Sochi]]||{{flag|Russia}}||style="text-align:center;"|34||style="text-align:center;"|'''51'''
|-
|[[Pyeongchang County|Pyeongchang]]||{{flag|South Korea}}||style="text-align:center;"|'''36'''||style="text-align:center;"|47
|-
|[[Salzburg]]||{{AUT}}||style="text-align:center;"|25||style="text-align:center;"|—
|}

==Cost and financing==
{{See also|Cost of the Olympic Games}}
As of October 2013, the estimated combined cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US$51 billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10414885/Sochi-chaos-behind-the-scenes-of-worlds-most-expensive-Winter-Olympics.html|title=Sochi: chaos behind the scenes of world's most expensive Winter Olympics|work=Daily Telegraph|date=30 October 2013|access-date=5 February 2014|author=Oliphant, Roland|location=London|archive-date=13 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113024452/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10414885/Sochi-chaos-behind-the-scenes-of-worlds-most-expensive-Winter-Olympics.html|url-status=live }}</ref> This amount included the cost for Olympic games themselves and cost of Sochi infrastructural projects (roads, railroads, power plants). This total is over four times the initial budget of $12 billion (compared to the $8 billion spent for the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in Vancouver), and made the Sochi games the most expensive Olympics in history, exceeding the estimated $44 billion cost of the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in Beijing,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2013/oct/09/sochi-2014-olympics-money-corruption|title=Sochi 2014: the costliest Olympics yet but where has all the money gone?|newspaper=The Guardian|date=9 October 2013|access-date=6 February 2014|author=Owen Gibson|archive-date=28 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128202048/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2013/oct/09/sochi-2014-olympics-money-corruption|url-status=live }}</ref> which hosted 3 times as many events.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-01-02/the-2014-winter-olympics-in-sochi-cost-51-billion The Waste and Corruption of Vladimir Putin's 2014 Winter Olympics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209040048/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-01-02/the-2014-winter-olympics-in-sochi-cost-51-billion|date=9 February 2014 }}, businessweek, 2 January 2014</ref> [[Dmitry Kozak]] was the main overseer for the events in Sochi.<ref name=KozakSochi>{{cite news|last = Kuzmin|first = Vladimir|script-title = ru:Назначенцы-2012|url = http://rg.ru/2012/05/24/pravitelstvo.html|trans-title = Appointees 2012|language = ru|newspaper = [[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]|location = [[Moscow Kremlin|The Kremlin]] in Moscow|date = 24 May 2012|access-date = 4 March 2016|archive-date = 6 March 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160306070210/http://rg.ru/2012/05/24/pravitelstvo.html|url-status = live }}</ref><ref name=Kleptocracy>{{cite book|last = Dawisha|first = Karen|author-link = Karen Dawisha|title = Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia?|url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1476795207|year = 2014|publisher = Simon & Schuster|pages = 87, 377|isbn = 978-1-4767-9519-5}}</ref><ref name=Sukhov>{{cite news|last = Sukhov|first = Oleg|title = From Olympics to Crimea, Putin Loyalist Kozak Entrusted with Kremlin Mega-Projects|url = http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/from-olympics-to-crimea-putin-loyalist-kozak-entrusted-with-kremlin-mega-projects/497007.html|newspaper = [[The Moscow Times]]|date = 28 March 2014|access-date = 4 March 2016|archive-date = 4 April 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160404210157/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/from-olympics-to-crimea-putin-loyalist-kozak-entrusted-with-kremlin-mega-projects/497007.html|url-status = live }}</ref>

In its final budget published in June 2014, Olimpstroy—the state corporation that oversaw the Sochi Olympics development—reported the total allocated funds for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics of 1,524 billion rubles (US$49.5 billion).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Golubchikov|first=Oleg|date=31 January 2017|title=From a sports mega-event to a regional mega-project: the Sochi winter Olympics and the return of geography in state development priorities|journal=International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics|volume=9|issue=2|pages=237–255|doi=10.1080/19406940.2016.1272620|s2cid=131822552|issn=1940-6940|url=http://orca.cf.ac.uk/96568/1/From%20a%20sports%20mega%20event%20to%20a%20regional%20mega%20project%20the%20Sochi%20winter%20Olympics%20and%20the%20return%20of%20geography%20in%20state%20development%20priorities.pdf|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-date=19 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719035959/http://orca.cf.ac.uk/96568/1/From%20a%20sports%20mega%20event%20to%20a%20regional%20mega%20project%20the%20Sochi%20winter%20Olympics%20and%20the%20return%20of%20geography%20in%20state%20development%20priorities.pdf|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref> However, only about a fifth of that budget ($10.8 billion) was directly related to the Olympic games, while the rest went into urban and regional regeneration and the conversion of the Sochi region into an all-year round sea and alpine resort.<ref name=":0" /> The breakdown table below is based on [[doi:10.1080/19406940.2016.1272620|a report]] that has analyzed the distribution of Olimpstroy's $49.5 billion budget. Estimates also suggest that additional unrecoverable operational costs (including for security) could have added another $3 billion.<ref name=":0" />

=== The breakdown of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics costs ===
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ Costs breakdown<ref name=":0" />
! rowspan="2" | Item
! colspan="2" | Cost
|-
! million RUB
! million US$
|-
|'''Direct Olympics costs (a)+(b)+(c)'''
|'''331,098'''
|'''10,753'''
|-
|'''(a) Olympic venues'''
|'''221,592'''
|'''7,197'''
|-
|'''''Coastal Cluster'''''
|'''''96,366'''''
|'''''3,130'''''
|-
|Fisht Olympic Stadium
|18,994
|617
|-
|Bolshoy Ice Dome
|10,102
|328
|-
|Shayba Arena
|3,484
|113
|-
|Adler Arena Skating Centre
|7,406
|241
|-
|Iceberg Skating Palace
|8,127
|264
|-
|Ice Cube Curling Centre
|735
|24
|-
|Main Media Centre
|17,426
|566
|-
|The Olympic Park
|9,871
|321
|-
|Olympic Village (3000 places)
|12,217
|397
|-
|A complex for Olympic partners (1285 apartments)
|8,003
|260
|-
|'''''Mountain Cluster'''''
|'''''125,226'''''
|'''''4,067'''''
|-
|Rosa Khutor Extreme Park (freestyle skiing, snowboarding)
|3,393
|110
|-
|Rosa Khutor Alpine Skiing Centre
|11,911
|387
|-
|Sanki Sliding Centre (bobsleigh, luge, skeleton)
|7,487
|243
|-
|RusSki Gorki Jumping Centre (ski jumps, Nordic combined)
|9,889
|321
|-
|Laura Centre (biathlon and cross-country) and Olympic Village (1100 places)
|74,525
|2,420
|-
|Main Alpine Olympic Village (2600 places) at Rosa Khutor
|18,021
|585
|-
|
|
|
|-
|'''(b) Site preparation and supporting infrastructure'''
|'''85,370'''
|'''2,773'''
|-
|Key infrastructure for Olympic venues (roads, energy, water, waste, security), planning and other works
|81,413
|2,644
|-
|SOCOG office building
|3,957
|129
|-
|
|
|
|-
|'''(c) Operational costs (part of)'''
|'''24,135'''
|'''784'''
|-
|Opening/closing ceremonies (equipment and organisation)
|3,444
|112
|-
|Broadcasting and photo equipment
|13,330
|433
|-
|Vehicles for visitors and logistics
|6,958
|226
|-
|Live Sites city programme
|403
|13
|-
|
|
|
|-
|'''INDIRECT COSTS (d)+(e)'''
|'''1,193,348'''
|'''38,758'''
|-
|
|
|
|-
|'''(d) Skiing and tourist resorts'''
|'''189,937'''
|'''6,169'''
|-
|Gazprom Alpine Tourist Centre
|60,723
|1,972
|-
|Rosa Khutor
|35,078
|1,139
|-
|Gornaya Karusel/Gorky Gorod
|72,728
|2,362
|-
|Alpika Service
|21,408
|695
|-
|
|
|
|-
|'''(e) Other projects'''
|'''1,003,411'''
|'''32,589'''
|-
|Hotels and health resorts
|130,755
|4,247
|-
|Formula One racing
|11,982
|389
|-
|Olympic University
|12,946
|420
|-
|Combined road and railroad linking the two clusters
|317,224
|10,303
|-
|Railways and rail terminals
|38,015
|1,235
|-
|Road infrastructure
|189,532
|6,156
|-
|Sochi Airport
|22,895
|744
|-
|Sochi Seaport
|27,673
|899
|-
|Housing projects
|11,379
|370
|-
|Power generation and grids
|74,305
|2,413
|-
|Gasification projects
|46,048
|1,496
|-
|Other engineering, water, waste, telecommunications and other infrastructure
|104,912
|3,407
|-
|Nature and culture parks
|11,346
|369
|-
|Two hospitals
|4,399
|143
|-
|
|
|
|-
|'''Total (a)+(b)+(c)+(d)+(e)'''
|'''1,524,445'''
|'''49,511'''
|}

==Venues==
{{Main|Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics}}
{{Location map|Europe|width=260|float=right
|alt=Location of Sochi, Russia
|caption=Location of Sochi on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in [[Europe]].
|label = [[Sochi]]
|background=white
|lat_deg = 43.585278
|lon_deg = 39.720278
}}
[[File:Caucasus amo 2014034.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Sochi from space, showing locations of Olympic park and ski venues]]
With an average February temperature of {{cvt|8.3|C|F}} and a [[humid subtropical climate]], Sochi is the warmest city to host a Winter Olympic Games.<ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2010/0301/Vancouver-Olympics-Embarrassed-Russia-looks-to-2014-Sochi-Olympics Vancouver Olympics: Embarrassed Russia looks to 2014 Sochi Olympics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916201414/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2010/0301/Vancouver-Olympics-Embarrassed-Russia-looks-to-2014-Sochi-Olympics|date=16 September 2012 }} ''The Christian Science Monitor'', 1 March 2010</ref> Sochi 2014 is the 12th straight Olympics to outlaw smoking; all Sochi venues, Olympic Park bars and restaurants and public areas were smoke-free during the Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aroundtherings.com/|title=Rio Golf Course; Women's World Cup; IOC Nominee for Japan? – No Smoking in Sochi|access-date=23 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126220340/http://www.aroundtherings.com//articles/view.aspx?pv=xqv&id=37492|archive-date=26 November 2011|df=dmy }} Around the Rings, 14 July 2011</ref> It is also the first time that an Olympic Park has been built for hosting winter games.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

===Sochi Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)===
{{main|Sochi Olympic Park}}
[[File:Sochi adler aerial view 2018 14.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Aerial view of the [[Sochi Olympic Park]]]]
[[File:Olympic Park 2014.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Panoramic view of the [[Sochi Olympic Park]]]]
The Sochi Olympic Park was built by the [[Black Sea]] coast in the [[Imeretinsky Valley]], about 4&nbsp;km (2.5 miles) from Russia's [[Georgia–Russia border|border]] with [[Abkhazia]]/[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7746114.stm|title=Sochi's mixed feelings over Olympics|work=BBC News|date=26 November 2008|access-date=17 January 2014|archive-date=21 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221105502/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7746114.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/9667-russian-deputy-pm-leads-sochi-delegation-to-inspect-munich-olympic-park Russian Deputy PM leads Sochi delegation to inspect Munich Olympic Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816001307/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/9667-russian-deputy-pm-leads-sochi-delegation-to-inspect-munich-olympic-park|date=16 August 2012 }} Inside the Games, 22 May 2010</ref> The venues were clustered around a central water basin on which the Medals Plaza is built, allowing all indoor venues to be within walking distance. It also features "The Waters of the Olympic Park" (designed by [[California]]-based company [[WET (company)|WET]]), a choreographed fountain which served as the backdrop in the medals awards and the opening and closing ceremonies of the event.<ref>{{cite news|last= Madler|first= Mark|date= 24 February 2014|title= WET Design Runs Rings Around Rivals|url= http://sfvbj.com/accounts/login/?next=/news/2014/feb/24/wet-design-runs-rings-around-rivals/|newspaper= San Fernando Business Journal|location= Los Angeles, California|publisher= California Business Journals|access-date= 26 February 2014|archive-date= 27 February 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140227073819/http://sfvbj.com/accounts/login/?next=%2Fnews%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F24%2Fwet-design-runs-rings-around-rivals%2F|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.gizmag.com/sochi-olympic-fountains/30934/|publisher= Gizmag|title= California-based WET makes the waters dance at Sochi|access-date= 26 February 2013|archive-date= 18 October 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141018015242/http://www.gizmag.com/sochi-olympic-fountains/30934/|url-status= live }}</ref> The new venues include:<ref>[http://www.yugopolis.ru/galleries/sport/2013/07/16/423/sochi-2014-sochi-olimpiada-v-sochi-olimpiiskoe-stroitelstvo Посмотрели свысока] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807063407/http://www.yugopolis.ru/galleries/sport/2013/07/16/423/sochi-2014-sochi-olimpiada-v-sochi-olimpiiskoe-stroitelstvo|date=7 August 2013 }} Yugopolis, 16 July 2013</ref>
* [[Fisht Olympic Stadium]] – ceremonies (opening/closing) 40,000 spectators
* [[Bolshoy Ice Dome]] – ice hockey (final), 12,000 spectators
* [[Shayba Arena]] – ice hockey, 7,000 spectators
* [[Adler Arena Skating Center]] – speed skating, 8,000 spectators
* [[Iceberg Skating Palace]] – figure skating, short track speed skating, 12,000 spectators
* [[Ice Cube Curling Center]] – curling, 3,000 spectators
* Main [[Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics and Paralympics|Olympic village]]
* [[International Broadcast Centre|International broadcasting centre]] and main press room

{{wide image|Sochi 2014 olympic coastal cluster map-en.svg|500px|A sketch of the layout of [[Sochi Olympic Park]].}}

===Krasnaya Polyana (Mountain Cluster)===
{{Main|Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai}}
[[File:Vladimir Putin 23 February 2008-14.jpg|thumb|Chairlift in [[Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai|Krasnaya Polyana]]]]
* [[Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex]] – biathlon, cross-country skiing
* [[Rosa Khutor Extreme Park]] – freestyle skiing and snowboarding
* [[Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort]] – alpine skiing
* [[Sliding Center Sanki]] – bobsleigh, luge and skeleton
* [[RusSki Gorki Jumping Center]] – ski jumping and Nordic combined (both ski jumping and cross-country skiing on a 2&nbsp;km route around the arena)
* Roza Khutor plateau [[Olympic Village]]
<!-- This is Interwiki link, please refer to [[:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#Interwiki links]] -->
{{wide image|Sochi 2014 olympic mountain cluster map-en.svg|460px|align-cap=center|2014 Winter Olympics Mountain Cluster Venues {{nowrap|([[ShareMap:public/2014 Winter Olympics|interactive map]])}}}}

===Post-Olympic usage===
[[File:Sochi Olympic Park Fisht Olympic Stadium P5020324 2200.jpg|thumb|right|Fisht Olympic Stadium under re-construction in 2015.]]
A [[street circuit]] known as the [[Sochi Autodrom]] was constructed in and around Olympic Park. Its primary use is to host the [[Formula One]] [[Russian Grand Prix]], which held its [[2014 Russian Grand Prix|inaugural edition]] in October 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Korsunskaya|first1=Darya|first2=Gennady |last2=Fydorov |first3=Alan |last3=Baldwin|title=Sochi to host Russian GP from 2014–2020|work=Reuters|date=14 October 2010|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE69D1X020101014|access-date=20 October 2010|archive-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912021259/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-motor-racing-russia/sochi-to-host-russian-gp-from-2014-2020-idUKTRE69D1X020101014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IOC warns">{{cite news|title=IOC threatens to postpone Russian Grand Prix|url=http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/250388/ioc-threatens-to-postpone-russian-grand-prix/|work=GP Update|date=13 January 2011|access-date=30 April 2012|archive-date=6 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906092412/http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/250388/ioc-threatens-to-postpone-russian-grand-prix/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2015, work began on adapting Fisht Olympic Stadium into an open-air football stadium to host matches during the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]].<ref name="moscowtimes-roofremoved">{{cite web|title=Russia to Spend $50 Million Taking Roof Off Sochi Olympic Stadium|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/articles/russia-to-spend-50-million-taking-roof-off-sochi-olympic-stadium-43058|website=The Moscow Times|date=20 January 2015|access-date=19 July 2016|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119075259/https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/russia-to-spend-50-million-taking-roof-off-sochi-olympic-stadium-43058|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="insidethegames-reno">{{cite web|title=Russia 2018 preparations suffer setback as Sochi Olympic Stadium completion date pushed back|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1036155/russia-2018-preparations-suffer-setback-as-sochi-olympic-stadium-completion-date-pushed-back|website=InsideTheGames.biz|date=6 April 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016|archive-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808011311/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1036155/russia-2018-preparations-suffer-setback-as-sochi-olympic-stadium-completion-date-pushed-back|url-status=live}}</ref>

A new ice hockey team in the [[Kontinental Hockey League]], [[HC Sochi|HC Sochi Leopards]], now plays in Bolshoy Arena.

==Marketing==
{{Main|2014 Winter Olympics marketing}}

==Construction==
[[File:Vladimir Putin in Sochi 5-6 April 2008-2.jpg|thumb|right|Vladimir Putin with [[George W. Bush]] and [[Laura Bush]] examining the models of the Olympic facilities for Sochi, April 2008]]
[[File:100 Olympic rubles.jpg|thumb|upright|100 [[Russian ruble]] banknote issued in 2013 by the [[Central Bank of Russia]]]]
The Olympic infrastructure was constructed according to a Federal Target Program (FTP). In June 2009, the Games' organizers reported they were one year ahead in building the main Olympic facilities as compared to recent Olympic Games.<ref>[http://itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=14095344&PageNum=11 "Russia prepares for Olympic Games 2014 faster than scheduled"]. {{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''ITAR-TASS'', 27 June 2009</ref> In November 2011, [[IOC]] President [[Jacques Rogge]] was in Sochi and concluded that the city had made significant progress since he last visited eighteen months earlier.<ref>[http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135972.html "IOC Head Praises Sochi 2014"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128104324/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135972.html|date=28 November 2011 }} ''GamesBids.com'', 24 November 2011</ref>

===Telecommunications===
{{see also|Telecommunications in Russia}}

According to the FTP, US$580&nbsp;million would be spent on construction and modernization of telecommunications in the region. [[Avaya]] was named by the Sochi Organizing Committee as the official supplier of telecommunications equipment. Avaya provided the data network equipment, including [[switch]]es, [[Router (computing)|routers]], security, telephones and [[Call centre|contact-center systems]]. It provided engineers and technicians to design and test the systems, and worked with other technology partners to provide athletes, dignitaries and fans information about the Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slideshare.net/AvayaInc/dn7191-en-sochi|title=Avaya Customer Case Study: Sochi 2014 Olympics|publisher=Avaya|via=Slideshare|date=23 April 2013|access-date=9 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225957/http://www.slideshare.net/AvayaInc/dn7191-en-sochi|archive-date=2 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/15030-us-firm-avaya-named-as-sochi-2014-network-equipment-supplier|title=US firm Avaya named as Sochi 2014 network equipment supplier|publisher=Insidethegames.biz|date=30 November 2011|access-date=17 January 2014|archive-date=15 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014532/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/15030-us-firm-avaya-named-as-sochi-2014-network-equipment-supplier|url-status=live}}</ref>

The 2014 Olympics is the first "fabric-enabled" Games using [[Shortest Path Bridging]] (SPB) technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games|url=http://www.avaya.com/ru/resource/assets/casestudies/DN7191EN-Sochi.pdf|publisher=Avaya|year=2013|access-date=10 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513215409/http://www.avaya.com/ru/resource/assets/casestudies/DN7191EN-Sochi.pdf|archive-date=13 May 2014 }}</ref> The network is capable of handling up to 54&nbsp;Tbit/s of traffic.<ref>{{cite news|title=Avaya builds massive Wi-Fi net for 2014 Winter Olympics|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/121613-avaya-wifi-olympics-276776.html?source=NWWNLE_nlt_network_systems_2013-12-16|date=December 2013|author=James Careless|publisher=Network World|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190642/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/121613-avaya-wifi-olympics-276776.html?source=NWWNLE_nlt_network_systems_2013-12-16|archive-date=16 December 2013|df=dmy }}</ref>

Infrastructure built for the games included:
* A network of [[TETRA]] mobile radio communications for 100 user groups (with capacity of 10,000 subscribers);
* {{Convert|712|km|abbr=on}} of [[fiber-optic communication|fiber-optic cables]] along the [[Anapa]]-[[Dzhubga]]-[[Sochi]] highways and Dzhubga–[[Krasnodar]] branch;
* [[Digital television in Russia|Digital broadcasting]] infrastructure, including radio and television [[Television station|broadcasting stations]] (building and [[communications tower]]s) with coverage from Grushevaya Polyana (''Pear Glade'') to Sochi and Anapa cities. The project also included construction of infocommunications centre for broadcasting abroad via three [[HDTV]] [[satellite]]s.

During the Games, the [[core network]]s of [[Rostelecom]] and [[Transtelekom]] were used.<ref>[http://www.osp.ru/nets/2007/10/4275795/ "Сочи-2014 выходит на связь"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165629/http://www.osp.ru/nets/2007/10/4275795/|date=30 September 2007 }}. ''Открытые системы'', 2007 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

In January 2012, the newest equipment for the television coverage of the Games arrived in the port of [[Adler Microdistrict|Adler]]. Prepared specifically for the Games, a team of regional specialists and the latest technology provide a qualitatively new level of television production in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcasting.ru/articles2/event/innovacionnoe-olimpiiskoe-televizionnoe-oborydovanie-vpervie-v-sochi|title=Инновационное олимпийское телевизионное оборудование впервые в Сочи|publisher=Broadcasting.ru|access-date=9 December 2013|archive-date=2 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224517/http://www.broadcasting.ru/articles2/event/innovacionnoe-olimpiiskoe-televizionnoe-oborydovanie-vpervie-v-sochi|url-status=live}}</ref>

The fiber-optic channel links Sochi between [[Adlersky City District|Adler]] and Krasnaya Polyana. The {{convert|46|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} channel enables videoconferencing and news reporting from the Olympics.<ref>[http://www.radiomayak.ru/doc.html?id=67646 "Fiber-optic communications in Olympic Sochi"]. ''Mayak Radio'', 28 March 2008 {{in lang|ru}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415073350/http://www.radiomayak.ru/doc.html?id=67646|date=15 April 2008 }}</ref>

In November 2013, it was reported that the fiber-optic cable that was built by the [[Russian Federal Communications Agency|Federal Communications Agency]], Rossvyaz, had no operator. With Rostelecom and Megafon both refusing to operate it, the line was transferred to the ownership of the state enterprise Center for Monitoring & Development of Infocommunication Technologies ({{lang-ru|link=no|Центр МИР ИТ}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comnews.ru/node/77741|title='МИР ИТ' приютил олимпийскую ВОЛС|work=comnews.ru|access-date=17 November 2013|archive-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109002532/http://www.comnews.ru/node/77741|url-status=live}}</ref>

Russian mobile phone operator [[Megafon]] expanded and improved Sochi's telecom infrastructure with over 700 new 2G/3G/4G cell towers. Sochi was the first Games to offer [[Long term evolution|4G connectivity]] at a speed of 10&nbsp;MB/sec.

In January 2014, Rostelecom reported that it had connected the Olympic media center in Sochi to the Internet and organized channels of communication with the main media center of the Olympic Games in the coastal cluster and press center in Moscow. The media center was built at total cost of 17 million rubles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tasstelecom.ru/news/one/27225|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125115135/http://tasstelecom.ru/news/one/27225|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2014|title='Ростелеком' обеспечил телекоммуникационными услугами олимпийский медиацентр в Сочи|work=TASS-TELECOM|access-date=23 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/non-political/716037|title=Olympics' press center and Mountain Cluster's media center open in Sochi|work=ITAR-TASS|date=24 January 2014|access-date=24 January 2014|archive-date=28 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128054529/http://en.itar-tass.com/non-political/716037|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Power infrastructure===
[[File:NASA Night View of Sochi During Olympics.jpg|thumb|Night view of Sochi during the Olympics, taken by Expedition 38 members from the [[International Space Station]]]]

A five-year strategy for increasing the power supply of the Sochi region was presented by Russian energy experts during a seminar on 29 May 2009, held by the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, and attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) experts and officials from the [[Russian Ministry of Regional Development]], the [[Russian Ministry of Energy]], the State Corporation Olimpstroy and the Krasnodar Krai administration.<ref name=energy2>[http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-games-2014-will-double-sochi-power-supply Games 2014 Will Double Sochi Power Supply] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207211443/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-games-2014-will-double-sochi-power-supply|date=7 February 2014 }} Sochi 2014, 29 May 2009</ref>

According to the strategy, the capacity of the regional energy network would increase by two and a half times by 2014, guaranteeing a stable power supply during and after the Games.

The power demand of Sochi at the end of May 2009 was 424&nbsp;MW. The power demand of the Olympic infrastructure was expected to be about 340&nbsp;MW.
* Poselkovaya [[electrical substation]] became operational in early 2009.
* Sochi [[thermal power station]] reconstructed (expected power output was 160&nbsp;MW)
* Laura and Rosa Khutor electrical substations were completed in November 2010
* Mzymta electrical substation was completed in March 2011
* Krasnopolyanskaya [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] [[power station]] was completed in 2010
* Adler [[Combined heat and power|CHP]] station design and construction was completed in 2012. Expected power output was 360&nbsp;MW<ref>[http://www.gazprom.com/press/news/2009/september/article68506/ "Gazprom launches construction of Adler CHPS"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101060023/http://gazprom.com/press/news/2009/september/article68506/|date=1 January 2010 }} Gazprom, 28 September 2009</ref>
* Bytkha substation, under construction{{when?|reason=Must be complete by 2022 if it played a part in the 2014 Olympics!!|date=March 2022}} with two [[transformer]]s 25&nbsp;MW each, includes dependable microprocessor-based protection

Earlier plans also include building [[combined cycle]] (steam and gas) power stations near the cities of [[Tuapse]] and [[Novorossiysk]] and construction of a cable-wire powerline, partially on the floor of the [[Black Sea]].<ref name=energy>[http://top.rbc.ru/economics/06/07/2007/108439.shtml "The power capacities of the Sochi region will increase before the Olympics by a factor of four"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002141904/http://top.rbc.ru/economics/06/07/2007/108439.shtml|date=2 October 2007 }} ''RBC'', 6 July 2007 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

===Transportation===
{{see also|Transport in Russia}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Sochi 2014 Transport System.png|thumb|The transport system serving the 2014 Winter Olympics]] -->

The transport infrastructure prepared to support the Olympics includes many roads, tunnels, bridges, interchanges, railroads and stations in and around Sochi. Among others, 8 flyovers, 102 bridges, tens of tunnels and a bypass route for heavy trucks – {{cvt|367|km|mi}} of roads were paved.<ref name="itar-tass1">{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1667|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224055843/http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1667|archive-date=24 February 2014|title=Sochi welcomes 2014 Winter Olympics with traditional Russian hospitality|publisher=En.itar-tass.com|access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref>

The [[Sochi Light Metro]] is located between [[Adlersky City District|Adler]] and [[Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai|Krasnaya Polyana]] connecting the Olympic Park, [[Sochi International Airport]], and the venues in Krasnaya Polyana.<ref>[http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/15926-sochi-opens-new-rail-line-for-2014-winter-olympics "Sochi opens new rail line for 2014 Winter Olympics"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329074732/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/15926-sochi-opens-new-rail-line-for-2014-winter-olympics|date=29 March 2012 }} ''Inside the Games'', 17 February 2012</ref>

[[File:Sochi adler aerial view 2018 16.jpg|thumb|Olympic Park railway station]]
The existing {{convert|102|km|mi|abbr=in|adj=on}}, Tuapse-to-Adler railroad was renovated to provide double track throughout, increasing capacity and enabling a reliable regional service to be provided and extending to the airport. In December 2009, [[Russian Railways]] ordered 38 [[Siemens Mobility]] [[Siemens Desiro|Desiro]] trains for delivery in 2013 for use during the Olympics, with an option for a further 16 partly built in Russia.<ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/siemens-signs-russian-olympic-train-order.html "Siemens signs Russian Olympic train order"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130065322/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/siemens-signs-russian-olympic-train-order.html|date=30 January 2010 }} ''Railway Gazette International'', 1 January 2010</ref>

At [[Sochi International Airport]], a new terminal was built along a {{convert|3.5|km|mi|abbr=in|adj=on}} [[runway]] extension, overlapping the [[Mzymta River]].<ref>[http://www.yuga.ru/news/99375/ "Runway in Sochi airport will cross the river"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415150113/http://www.yuga.ru/news/99375/|date=15 April 2008 }} YuGA.ru, 8 July 2007 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

[[File:Морской порт Сочи и прилегающая территория 04.jpg|thumb|[[Port of Sochi|Sochi seaport]]]]
At the [[Port of Sochi]], a new offshore terminal {{convert|1.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the shore allows docking for cruise ships with capacities of 3,000 passengers.<ref>[http://www.wagmag.com/playing-in-the-snow/ "Playing in the snow"]. |l{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222014102/http://www.wagmag.com/playing-in-the-snow/|date=22 February 2014 }}. Wag Magazine.</ref> The cargo terminal of the seaport would be moved from the centre of Sochi.

Roadways were detoured, some going around the construction site and others being cut off.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dp.ru/msk/news/transport/2007/10/08/240832/print/|title=Sochi authorities close the entrance to the city|access-date=1 June 2016|work=DP.ru|date=8 October 2007|language=ru}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

[[File:Электропоезд "Ласточка"..JPG|thumb|left|upright=1.05|A [[Siemens Desiro#Desiro RUS|"Lastochka" (Siemens Desiro)]] train, which serves the Tuapse–Sochi route]]
In May 2009, Russian Railways started the construction of tunnel complex No.&nbsp;1 (the final total is six) on the combined road (automobile and railway) from Adler to Alpica Service Mountain Resort in the Krasnaya Polyana region. The tunnel complex No.&nbsp;1 is located near Akhshtyr in Adlersky City District, and includes:<ref name="tunnel1">{{cite web|url=http://sochi2014.com/87553|title=Russian Railways started mountain tunnel complex construction from Sochi to Krasnaya Polyana|access-date=25 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125071827/http://sochi2014.com/87553|archive-date=25 January 2010|df=dmy }} Interfax, 27 May 2009 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
* Escape tunnel, {{convert|2.25|km}}, completed in 2010
* Road tunnel, {{convert|2153|m}}, completed in 2013
* One-track railway tunnel, {{convert|2473|m}}, completed in 2013

Russian Railways president [[Vladimir Yakunin]] stated the road construction costed more than 200&nbsp;billion rubles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.rzd.ru/isvp/public/rzdeng?STRUCTURE_ID=15&layer_id=4839&id=105753|title=Russian Railways President Yakunin sums up investment programme for first 7 months of 2011|publisher=Russian Railways|access-date=17 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924192945/http://eng.rzd.ru/isvp/public/rzdeng?STRUCTURE_ID=15|archive-date=24 September 2011 }}</ref>

In addition, Sochi's railway stations were renovated. These are [[Dagomys railway station|Dagomys]], [[Sochi railway station|Sochi]], [[Matsesta railway station|Matsesta]], [[Khosta railway station|Khosta]], [[Lazarevskaya railway station|Lazarevskaya]], and [[Loo railway station|Loo]] railway stations. In Adler, a [[Adler railway station|new railway station]] was built while the original building was preserved, and in the Olympic park cluster, a new station was built from scratch, the [[Olympic Park railway station, Sochi|Olympic Park railway station]]. Another [[Krasnaya Polyana railway station|new railway station]] was built in Estosadok, close to Krasnaya Polyana.

===Other infrastructure===
[[File:ISS038-E-042992.jpg|thumb|Sochi at night from space<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=83149|title=NASA – Sochi at night|date=17 February 2014|access-date=20 February 2014|archive-date=25 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225030459/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=83149|url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Funds were spent on the construction of hotels for 10,300 guests.<ref name="not_a_place">[http://sport.gazeta.ru/sport/2007/07/a_1880984.shtml "Sochi is not a place for recreation"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311011841/http://sport.gazeta.ru/sport/2007/07/a_1880984.shtml|date=11 March 2012 }} ''Gazeta.ru'', 5 July 2007 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The first of the Olympic hotels, Zvezdny (''Stellar''), was rebuilt anew<!-- should this be "from new"? "anew" implies it existed before -->.<ref>[http://rian.ru/sport/olympic_games/20070807/70510471.html "Construction of the first olympic hotel starts in Sochi"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415094433/http://rian.ru/sport/olympic_games/20070807/70510471.html|date=15 April 2008 }} ''RIA Novosti'', 7 August 2007 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Significant funds were spent on the construction of an advanced [[sewage treatment]] system in Sochi, designed by Olimpstroy. The system meets BREF standards and employs top available technologies for environment protection, including [[tertiary treatment]] with [[microfiltration]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061210022546/http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/next.jpg Archived copy] at [[WebCite]] (20 December 2006). Press Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russian Federation, 13 July 2009 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

Six [[post office]]s were opened at competition venues, two of them in the main media centre in Olympic Park and in the mountain village of [[Estosadok]]. In addition to standard services, customers had access to unique services including two new products, Fotomarka and Retropismo. Fotomarka presents an opportunity to get a stylized sheet of eight souvenir stamps with one's own photos, using the services of a photographer in the office. Retropismo service allows a customer to write with their own stylus or pen on antique paper with further letters, winding string and wax seal affixing. All the new sites and post offices in Sochi were opened during the Olympics until late night 7 days a week, and employees were trained to speak English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tasstelecom.ru/news/one/26896|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109190257/http://tasstelecom.ru/news/one/26896|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 January 2014|title=Гости Олимпиады смогут отправить написанное пером письмо, оплатив почтовые услуги маркой с собственной фотографией|trans-title=Guests of the Olympics will be able to send a letter written with a pen, paying for postage with a stamp with their own photo|work=[[TASS Telecom]]|access-date=9 January 2014 }}</ref>

==The Games==

===Torch relay===
{{Main|2014 Winter Olympics torch relay}}[[File:2014 Winter Olympics torch relay (Moscow).ogv|thumb|[[List of Olympic torch relays|Torch relay]] in Moscow]]

On 29 September 2013, the Olympic torch was lit in [[Ancient Olympia]], beginning a seven-day journey across Greece and on to Russia, then the [[List of Olympic torch relays|torch relay]] started at Moscow on 7 October 2013 before passing 83 Russian cities and arriving at Sochi on the day of the opening ceremony, 7 February 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russia anti-gay law casts a shadow over Sochi's 2014 Olympics|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russia-anti-gay-law-casts-a-shadow-over-sochis-2014-olympics/2013/09/29/3646344c-27a6-11e3-9372-92606241ae9c_story.html?Post+generic=%3Ftid%3Dsm_twitter_washingtonpost|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=29 September 2013|first=Kathy|last=Lally|date=1 October 2013|archive-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404232207/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russia-anti-gay-law-casts-a-shadow-over-sochis-2014-olympics/2013/09/29/3646344c-27a6-11e3-9372-92606241ae9c_story.html?Post+generic=%3Ftid%3Dsm_twitter_washingtonpost|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the longest torch relay in Olympic history, a {{convert|60,000|km|miles|adj=on|sigfig=1}} route that passes through all regions of the country, from [[Kaliningrad]] in the west to [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]] in the east.

The Olympic torch reached the [[North Pole]] for first time via a [[nuclear-powered icebreaker]] ''([[50 Let Pobedy]])''. The torch was also passed for the first time in [[Outer space|space]], though not lit for the duration of the flight for safety reasons, on flight [[Soyuz TMA-11M]] to the [[International Space Station]] (ISS). The spacecraft itself was adorned with Olympic-themed [[livery]] including the Games' emblem. Russian [[cosmonaut]]s [[Oleg Kotov]] and [[Sergey Ryazansky]] waved the torch on a spacewalk outside the ISS. The torch returned to Earth five days later on board [[Soyuz TMA-09M]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Soyuz TMA-09M safely returns crew back to Earth|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/11/soyuz-tma-09m-undocking-landing/|work=NASASpaceFlight|date=10 November 2013|access-date=4 February 2014|archive-date=28 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228112953/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/11/soyuz-tma-09m-undocking-landing/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=9. listopadu 2013&nbsp;17:51|url=http://technet.idnes.cz/kosmonauti-si-predali-olympijskou-pochoden-fzw-/tec_vesmir.aspx?c=A131109_174531_tec_vesmir_vez|title=Kosmonauti si poprvé ve volném vesmíru předali olympijskou pochodeň|date = 9 November 2013|publisher=Technet.idnes.cz|access-date=9 December 2013|archive-date=13 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113090024/http://technet.idnes.cz/kosmonauti-si-predali-olympijskou-pochoden-fzw-/tec_vesmir.aspx?c=A131109_174531_tec_vesmir_vez|url-status=live }}</ref> The torch also reached Europe's highest mountain, [[Mount Elbrus]], and Siberia's [[Lake Baikal]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Loumena|first=Dan|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-sochi-olympic-torch-lake-baikal-20131123,0,1499071.story|title=Sochi Olympic torch takes plunge into world's deepest lake|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=23 November 2013|access-date=9 December 2013|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212112056/http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-sochi-olympic-torch-lake-baikal-20131123,0,1499071.story|url-status=live }}</ref>

===Opening ceremony===
{{main|2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony|2014 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations}}
[[File:Opening of XXII Winter Olympic Games (2338-13).jpg|thumb|[[Firework]]s over [[Fisht Olympic Stadium]] following the lighting of the Olympic Cauldron.]]
[[File:Sochiolympicrings.jpg|thumb|The Olympic Rings at Sochi Olympic Park]]

The opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 7 February 2014 at [[Fisht Olympic Stadium]], an indoor arena built specifically for the ceremonies. The ceremony featured scenes based around aspects of Russian history and arts, including [[ballet]], [[classical music]], the [[Russian Revolution]], and the age of the [[Soviet Union]]. The opening scene of the ceremony featured a notable technical error, where one of five snowflakes, which were to expand to form the Olympic rings, malfunctioned and did not expand (a mishap mocked by the organizers at the closing ceremony where one of the roundrelay dance groups symbolizing the Olympic rings "failed" to expand). The torch was taken into the stadium by [[Maria Sharapova]], who then passed it to [[Yelena Isinbayeva]] who, in turn, passed it to wrestler [[Aleksandr Karelin]]. Karelin then passed the torch to gymnast [[Alina Kabaeva]]. Figure skater [[Irina Rodnina]] took the torch and was met by former ice hockey goalkeeper [[Vladislav Tretiak]], who exited the stadium to jointly light the Olympic cauldron located near the center of Olympic Park.<ref name="CNN-oc14">{{cite news|title=Sochi 2014 begins with teams, classical music and a flying girl|author=Faith Karimi|author2=Michael Martinez|publisher=CNN|date=7 February 2014|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/07/world/europe/russia-sochi-winter-olympics/|access-date=7 February 2014|archive-date=5 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205095709/http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/07/world/europe/russia-sochi-winter-olympics/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WashPost-oc14">{{cite news|title=Olympics open in Sochi with extravagant pageant|date=7 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Kathy Lally|author2=Will Englund|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/olympics-open-in-sochi-with-extravagant-pageant/2014/02/07/bba8a5e2-9011-11e3-b227-12a45d109e03_story.html|access-date=8 February 2014|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313040248/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/olympics-open-in-sochi-with-extravagant-pageant/2014/02/07/bba8a5e2-9011-11e3-b227-12a45d109e03_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=newssochi>{{cite web|title=News|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en/voice-of-the-games|work=sochi2014.com|access-date=10 February 2014|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224153049/https://www.olympic.org/news|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ITAR-TASS">{{cite web|title=Vladislav Tretyak and Irina Rodnina lit the Olympic flame at the Fisht Stadium in Sochi|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/sochi-2014-winter-olympics/718089|access-date=4 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331105705/http://en.itar-tass.com/sochi-2014-winter-olympics/718089|archive-date=31 March 2014 }}</ref>

===Participating National Olympic Committees===
A record 88 nations qualified to compete,<ref>{{cite news|title=Record 88 nations to participate in Winter Games|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/1123578/record-88-nations-to-participate-in-winter-games/|newspaper=[[Global News]]|location=[[Sochi]], Russia|agency=Associated Press|date=2 February 2014|access-date=2 February 2014|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224013942/https://globalnews.ca/news/1123578/record-88-nations-to-participate-in-winter-games/|url-status=live }}</ref> which beat the previous record of 82 set at the [[2010 Winter Olympics|previous Winter Olympics]] in Vancouver. The number of athletes who qualified per country is listed in the table below (number of athletes shown in parentheses). Seven nations made their Winter Olympics debut: [[Dominica]], [[Malta]], [[Paraguay]], [[East Timor|Timor-Leste]], [[Togo]], [[Tonga]], and [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{cite news|last=MacKenzie|first=Eric|date=16 January 2014|title=Sochi Spotlight: Zimbabwe's first Winter Olympian|url=http://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/whistler/sochi-spotlight-zimbabwes-first-winter-olympian/Content?oid=2542948|newspaper=[[Pique Newsmagazine]]|location=[[Whistler, British Columbia]], Canada|access-date=16 January 2014|archive-date=1 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201144447/http://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/whistler/sochi-spotlight-zimbabwes-first-winter-olympian/Content?oid=2542948|url-status=live }}</ref> The Winter debut of Malta meant that for the first time ever, all of the current members of the [[European Olympic Committees]] participated at the Winter Olympics.

Kristina Krone qualified to compete in her second consecutive games for [[Puerto Rico]], but the island's [[Puerto Rico Olympic Committee|Olympic Committee]] once again chose not to send her to compete.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pagan Rivera|first=Esteban|date=12 January 2014|title=Kristina Krone: Quería ir a Sochi, pero nunca recibió contestación del Comité Olímpico|url=http://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/kristinakronequeriairasochiperonuncarecibiocontestaciondelcomiteolimpico-982330/|language=es|newspaper=Primerahora|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=13 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113092013/http://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/kristinakronequeriairasochiperonuncarecibiocontestaciondelcomiteolimpico-982330/|url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, [[SASCOC|South Africa]] decided not to send alpine skier [[Sive Speelman]] to Sochi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/sport/more-sport/sascoc-crush-speelman-s-olympic-dream-1.1635894#.UuMtRhAo7IU|title=Sascoc crush Speelman's Olympic dream|date=23 January 2014|publisher=IOL Sport|access-date=24 January 2014|archive-date=24 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124142808/http://www.iol.co.za/sport/more-sport/sascoc-crush-speelman-s-olympic-dream-1.1635894#.UuMtRhAo7IU|url-status=live }}</ref> Algeria also did not enter its only qualified athlete, [[Mehdi-Selim Khelifi]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Dubault|first=Fabrice|date=24 January 2014|title=L'histoire invraisemblable de Mehdi Khelifi privé de J.O par l'Algérie|url=http://languedoc-roussillon.france3.fr/2014/01/24/l-histoire-invraisemblable-de-mehdi-khelifi-prive-de-jo-par-l-algerie-401707.html|newspaper=[[France 3]]|access-date=24 January 2014|archive-date=29 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129050654/http://languedoc-roussillon.france3.fr/2014/01/24/l-histoire-invraisemblable-de-mehdi-khelifi-prive-de-jo-par-l-algerie-401707.html|url-status=live }}</ref>

[[India]]'s athletes originally competed as [[India at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Independent Olympic Participants]] and marched under the [[Olympic flag]] during the opening ceremony, as India was originally suspended in December 2012 over the election process of the [[Indian Olympic Association]].<ref>{{cite news|date=31 December 2013|title=Sochi Games: Four Indian skiers to go as independent athletes|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/sochi-games-four-indian-skiers-to-go-as-independent-athletes_777046.html|publisher=[[Zee news]]|access-date=31 December 2013|archive-date=2 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102160545/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/sochi-games-four-indian-skiers-to-go-as-independent-athletes_777046.html|url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 February, the Indian Olympic Association was reinstated and India's athletes were allowed the option to compete under their own flag from that time onward.<ref name=indiareinstated>{{cite web|title=IOC Executive Board lifts suspension of NOC of India|url=http://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-executive-board-lifts-suspension-of-noc-of-india/224038|access-date=11 February 2014|archive-date=11 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211224032/http://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-executive-board-lifts-suspension-of-noc-of-india/224038|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Shiva Keshavan competed as an Independent athlete and is recorded as such, he was permitted to walk under the flag of India at the Closing Ceremony.

[[File:2014 Winter Olympic games countries.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.75|{{legend|#00ff7f|The participating countries at the 2014 Winter Olympics}}
{{legend|#1e90ff|Debuting countries at the Winter Olympics}}{{legend|yellow|Yellow circle is host city ([[Sochi]])}}]]
[[File:2014 Winter olympics team numbers.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.75|Number of participating athletes by country
{|
|{{legend|#F90000|{{nowrap|100+}}}}
|{{legend|#F7931D|{{nowrap|30-99}}}}
|{{legend|#FFE600|{{nowrap|10-29}}}}
|{{legend|#00BB05|{{nowrap|4-9}}}}
|{{legend|#0093F7|{{nowrap|1-3}}}}
|}]]
{{clear}}

{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"
|-
!colspan="2"|Participating [[:Category:Nations at the 2014 Winter Olympics|National Olympic Committees]] (number of qualifying athletes)
|-
|colspan="2"|{{colbegin|colwidth=15em}}
* {{flagIOC|ALB|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|AND|2014 Winter|6}}
* {{flagIOC|ARG|2014 Winter|7}}
* {{flagIOC|ARM|2014 Winter|4}}
* {{flagIOC|AUS|2014 Winter|61}}
* {{flagIOC|AUT|2014 Winter|130}}
* {{flagIOC|AZE|2014 Winter|4}}
* {{flagIOC|BLR|2014 Winter|26}}
* {{flagIOC|BEL|2014 Winter|7}}
* {{flagIOC|BER|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|BIH|2014 Winter|5}}
* {{flagIOC|BRA|2014 Winter|13}}
* {{flagIOC|IVB|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|BUL|2014 Winter|18}}
* {{flagIOC|CAN|2014 Winter|222}}
* {{flagIOC|CAY|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|CHI|2014 Winter|6}}
* {{flagIOC|CHN|2014 Winter|66}}
* {{flagIOC|TPE|2014 Winter|3}}
* {{flagIOC|CRO|2014 Winter|11}}
* {{flagIOC|CYP|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|CZE|2014 Winter|85}}
* {{flagIOC|DEN|2014 Winter|12}}
* {{flagIOC|DMA|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|TLS|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|EST|2014 Winter|24}}
* {{flagIOC|FIN|2014 Winter|103}}
* {{flagIOC|FRA|2014 Winter|105}}
* {{flagIOC|GEO|2014 Winter|4}}
* {{flagIOC|GER|2014 Winter|153}}
* {{flagIOC|GBR|2014 Winter|56}}
* {{flagIOC|GRE|2014 Winter|7}}
* {{flagIOC|HKG|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|HUN|2014 Winter|16}}
* {{flagIOC|ISL|2014 Winter|5}}
* {{flagIOC|IND|2014 Winter|3}}
* {{flagIOC|IRI|2014 Winter|5}}
* {{flagIOC|IRL|2014 Winter|5}}
* {{flagIOC|ISR|2014 Winter|5}}
* {{flagIOC|ITA|2014 Winter|113}}
* {{flagIOC|JAM|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|JPN|2014 Winter|113}}
* {{flagIOC|KAZ|2014 Winter|52}}
* {{flagIOC|KGZ|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|LAT|2014 Winter|58}}
* {{flagIOC|LIB|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|LIE|2014 Winter|4}}
* {{flagIOC|LTU|2014 Winter|9}}
* {{flagIOC|LUX|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|MKD|2014 Winter|3}}
* {{flagIOC|MLT|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|MEX|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|MDA|2014 Winter|4}}
* {{flagIOC|MON|2014 Winter|5}}
* {{flagIOC|MGL|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|MNE|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|MAR|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|NEP|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|NED|2014 Winter|41}}
* {{flagIOC|NZL|2014 Winter|15}}
* {{flagIOC|NOR|2014 Winter|134}}
* {{flagIOC|PAK|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|PAR|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|PER|2014 Winter|3}}
* {{flagIOC|PHI|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|POL|2014 Winter|59}}
* {{flagIOC|POR|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|ROU|2014 Winter|24}}
* {{flagIOC|RUS|2014 Winter|232}} '''(host nation)'''
* {{flagIOC|SMR|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|SRB|2014 Winter|8}}
* {{flagIOC|SVK|2014 Winter|62}}
* {{flagIOC|SLO|2014 Winter|66}}
* {{flagIOC|KOR|2014 Winter|71}}
* {{flagIOC|ESP|2014 Winter|20}}
* {{flagIOC|SWE|2014 Winter|106}}
* {{flagIOC|SUI|2014 Winter|168}}
* {{flagIOC|TJK|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|THA|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|TOG|2014 Winter|2}}
* {{flagIOC|TGA|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|TUR|2014 Winter|6}}
* {{flagIOC|UKR|2014 Winter|43}}
* {{flagIOC|USA|2014 Winter|222}}
* {{flagIOC|UZB|2014 Winter|3}}
* {{flagIOC|VEN|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|ISV|2014 Winter|1}}
* {{flagIOC|ZIM|2014 Winter|1}}
{{colend}}
|-
!NOCs that participated in 2010, but not in 2014.
!NOCs that participated in 2014, but not in 2010.
|-
|valign="top"|{{colbegin|colwidth=15em}}
* {{flagIOC|ALG|2010 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|COL|2010 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|ETH|2010 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|GHA|2010 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|PRK|2010 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|SEN|2010 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|RSA|2010 Winter}}
{{colend}}
|valign="top"|{{colbegin|colwidth=15em}}
* {{flagIOC|IVB|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|DMA|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|TLS|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|LUX|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|MLT|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|PAR|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|PHI|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|THA|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|TOG|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|TGA|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|VEN|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|ISV|2014 Winter}}
* {{flagIOC|ZIM|2014 Winter}}
{{colend}}
|}

====National houses====
During the Games some countries had a national house, a meeting place for supporters, athletes and other followers.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Olympic Houses|url=http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowTopic-g298536-i3244-k7094879-National_Olympic_Houses-Sochi_Greater_Sochi_Krasnodar_Krai_Southern_District.html|publisher=tripadvisor|access-date=24 January 2014|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403143059/http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowTopic-g298536-i3244-k7094879-National_Olympic_Houses-Sochi_Greater_Sochi_Krasnodar_Krai_Southern_District.html|url-status=live }}</ref> Houses could be either free for visitors to access or have limited access by invitation only.<ref name="nationalhouses" />
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Nation !! Location !! Name !! Website
|-
|{{flagIOC|AUT|2014 Winter}}||Mountain Cluster||Austria Tirol House||
|-
|{{flagIOC|CAN|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Opening Canada House|url=http://olympics.cbc.ca//videos/video/opening-canada-house.html?cid=mrss|publisher=CBC|date=6 February 2014|access-date=7 February 2014|language=nl|archive-date=7 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207205510/http://olympics.cbc.ca//videos/video/opening-canada-house.html?cid=mrss|url-status=live}}</ref>
||Coastal Cluster (Next to [[Fisht Olympic Stadium]])||Canada House||
|-
|{{flagIOC|CHN|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite news|title=China House opens in Sochi|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-02/07/c_133095731.htm|publisher=XinHua Net|date=7 February 2014|access-date=10 February 2014|archive-date=11 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211015450/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-02/07/c_133095731.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
||Zhemchuzhina hotel||China House||
|-
|{{flagIOC|CZE|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Zeman slavnostně otevřel Český dům a pravil: Budu váš maskot|url=http://sport.lidovky.cz/zeman-slavnostne-otevrel-cesky-dum-a-pravil-budu-vas-maskot-pqv-/olympijske-hry-2014.aspx?c=A140208_115113_ln-sport-oh2014_lso|language=cs|newspaper=[[Lidové noviny]]|date=8 February 2014|access-date=8 February 2014|archive-date=15 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315034916/http://sport.lidovky.cz/zeman-slavnostne-otevrel-cesky-dum-a-pravil-budu-vas-maskot-pqv-/olympijske-hry-2014.aspx?c=A140208_115113_ln-sport-oh2014_lso|url-status=live}}</ref>||Adler||Czech House||
|-
|{{flagIOC|FRA|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Dossier de presse Sotchi 201|url=http://espritbleu.franceolympique.com/espritbleu/fichiers/File/JO/JO_Sotchi/dossier-de-presse.pdf|publisher=Esprit Bleu France Olympic|date=28 January 2014|access-date=28 January 2014|language=fr|archive-date=3 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203012913/http://espritbleu.franceolympique.com/espritbleu/fichiers/File/JO/JO_Sotchi/dossier-de-presse.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>||Gornaya Karusel (Mountain Cluster)||Club France||{{official website|http://espritbleu.franceolympique.com/espritbleu/actus/1902-un-club-france-au-coeur-de-lmotion-olympique.html}}
|-
|{{flagIOC|GER|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dosb.de/de/olympia/olympische-spiele/winterspiele/sotschi-2014/news/detail/news/deutsches_haus_sotschi_2014_in_russlands_bergen/|title=Deutsches Haus Sotschi 2014 in Russlands Bergen|publisher=[[DOSB]]|date=25 April 2013|access-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220012003/https://www.dosb.de/de/olympia/olympische-spiele/winterspiele/sotschi-2014/news/detail/news/deutsches_haus_sotschi_2014_in_russlands_bergen/|archive-date=20 February 2014|df=dmy-all }}</ref>||[[Estosadok]], [[Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai|Krasnaya Polyana (Mountain Cluster)]]||German House||{{official website|http://www.dosb.de/de/olympia/olympische-spiele/winterspiele/sotschi-2014/news/detail/news/deutsches_haus_botschaft_des_deutschen_sports/}}
|-
|{{flagIOC|ITA|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite web|author=5 min fa|url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Sport-Invernali/06-02-2014/sochi-gazzetta-casa-italia-cantieri-optional-sobrieta-8019932704.shtml|title=Sochi, la Gazzetta entra a Casa Italia: tra cantieri, optional e sobrietà – La Gazzetta dello Sport|publisher=Gazzetta.it|access-date=8 February 2014|archive-date=7 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207220146/http://www.gazzetta.it/Sport-Invernali/06-02-2014/sochi-gazzetta-casa-italia-cantieri-optional-sobrieta-8019932704.shtml|url-status=live }}</ref>||Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)||Italy House||{{official website|http://sochi2014.coni.it/it/home/casa-italia.html}}
|-
|{{flagIOC|JPN|2014 Winter}}<ref name="nationalhouses" />
||Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)||Japan House||
|-
|{{flagIOC|LAT|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite web|author=lsm.lv|url=http://www.lsm.lv/lv/raksts/sochi-2014/sports/linda-leen-nozog-hokejistu-sirdis.a77055|title=Linda Leen nozog hokejistu sirdis|access-date=10 February 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222054716/http://www.lsm.lv/lv/raksts/sochi-2014/sports/linda-leen-nozog-hokejistu-sirdis.a77055|url-status=live }}</ref>
||Radisson Hotel||Latvian House||
|-
|{{flagIOC|NED|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Holland Heineken House dichter bij olympiërs dan ooit|url=http://www.nusport.nl/sotsji-nieuws/3673697/holland-heineken-house-dichter-bij-olympiers-dan-ooit.html|publisher=nusport.nl|date=13 January 2014|access-date=24 January 2014|language=nl|archive-date=27 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127192104/http://www.nusport.nl/sotsji-nieuws/3673697/holland-heineken-house-dichter-bij-olympiers-dan-ooit.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
||[[Azimut Hotels|Azimut Hotel Resort]] (near Coastal Cluster)||[[Holland Heineken House]]||{{official website|http://www.hollandheinekenhouse.nl/}}
|-
|{{flagIOC|RUS|2014 Winter}}<ref name="nationalhouses">{{cite web|title=Olympic Parc; Hospitality Houses|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en/spectators-olympic-park|publisher=sochi2014.com|access-date=24 January 2014|archive-date=22 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122021911/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/spectators-olympic-park|url-status=live}}</ref>
||Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)||Russia House||
|-
|{{flagIOC|SVK|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/52795/2/slovak_athletes_set_for_sochi.html|title=Slovak athletes set for Sochi|newspaper=[[The Slovak Spectator]]|date=3 February 2014|access-date=7 February 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222035348/http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/52795/2/slovak_athletes_set_for_sochi.html|url-status=live }}</ref>||[[Sochi railway station]]||Slovak Point||
|-
|{{flagIOC|KOR|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite news|script-title=ko:대한체육회, 소치에 코리아하우스 오픈|url=http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/article/ArticlePhoto/YIBW_showArticlePhotoPopup.aspx?contents_id=PYH20140206126800007&from=search|trans-title=Korean Olympic Committee, open the Korea House in Sochi|publisher=Yonhap News|language=ko|date=6 February 2014|access-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301193537/http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/article/ArticlePhoto/YIBW_showArticlePhotoPopup.aspx?contents_id=PYH20140206126800007&from=search|archive-date=1 March 2014|url-status=dead }} {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
||Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)||Korea House||
|-
|{{flagIOC|SUI|2014 Winter}}<ref name="nationalhouses" />||Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)||House of Switzerland||{{official website|http://www.houseofswitzerland.org/}}
|-
|{{flagIOC|USA|2014 Winter}}<ref>{{cite news|title=USOC plans USA House sites in Sochi, at home|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/10/21/Olympics/USA-House.aspx|publisher=sportsbusinessdaily.com|date=21 October 2013|access-date=24 January 2014|archive-date=26 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226030459/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/10/21/Olympics/USA-House.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
||Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)||USA House||{{official website|http://www.teamusa.org/Road-to-Sochi-2014/}}
|}

===Sports===
The 2014 Winter Olympics featured 98 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports. A total of twelve new events were contested, making it the largest Winter Olympics to date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/news/what-s-new-for-sochi/218742|title=Discover the twelve new winter sports events for Sochi 2014!|publisher=International Olympic Committee|date=18 December 2013|access-date=4 February 2014|archive-date=10 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410020422/http://www.olympic.org/news/what-s-new-for-sochi/218742|url-status=live }}</ref>

{{colbegin}}
# '''Biathlon'''
#* {{GamesSport|Biathlon|Events=11}}
# '''Bobsleigh'''
#* {{GamesSport|Bobsleigh|Events=3}}
#* {{GamesSport|Skeleton|Events=2}}
# '''Curling'''
#* {{GamesSport|Curling|Events=2}}
# '''Ice hockey'''
#* {{GamesSport|Ice hockey|Events=2}}
# '''Luge'''
#* {{GamesSport|Luge|Events=4}}
# '''Skating'''
#* {{GamesSport|Figure skating|Events=5}}
#* {{GamesSport|Short track speed skating|Events=8}}
#* {{GamesSport|Speed skating|Events=12}}
# '''Skiing'''
#* {{GamesSport|Alpine skiing|Events=10}}
#* {{GamesSport|Cross-country skiing|Events=12}}
#* {{GamesSport|Freestyle skiing|Events=10}}
#* {{GamesSport|Nordic combined|Events=3}}
#* {{GamesSport|Ski jumping|Events=4}}
#* {{GamesSport|Snowboarding|Events=10}}
{{colend}}
''Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline.''

==== New events ====
[[File:Марки ПМР - Сочи 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Postage stamps and postal history of Russia|Postage stamps]] of [[Transnistria]], Sochi Olympic Games (2014)]]
On 6 April 2011, the IOC accepted a number of events that were submitted by their respective sports federations to be considered for inclusion into the official program of these Olympic Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/winter-sports/12986716|title=Women's ski jumping gets 2014 Sochi Olympics go-ahead|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|date=6 April 2011|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-date=14 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414043455/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/winter-sports/12986716|url-status=live }}</ref>
The events included a Figure skating team event, Women's ski jumping, Mixed relay biathlon, Ski [[half-pipe]], and Team relay luge.

On 4 July 2011, the IOC announced that three events would be added to the program.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Anna|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/winter-sports/14027838|title=Slopestyle given Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics go-ahead|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|date=5 July 2011|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411084503/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/winter-sports/14027838|url-status=live }}</ref> These events, which were officially declared by Olympic Committee President [[Jacques Rogge]] on 4 July 2011, were: Ski [[slopestyle]], Snowboard slopestyle, Snowboard parallel special slalom.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 4, 2011|title=Slopestyle Approved For Sochi 2014|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135778.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904041143/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135778.html|archive-date=September 4, 2011}}</ref>

Team alpine skiing was also presented as a candidate for inclusion in the Olympic program but the Executive board of the IOC rejected this proposal. The [[International Ski Federation]] persisted with the nomination and this was considered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/news/pressreleases/press-releases-2010/fis-congress-2010-decisi.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100610235611/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/news/pressreleases/press-releases-2010/fis-congress-2010-decisi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2010|title=FIS Congress 2010 Decisions|publisher=FIS-Ski|access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> There were reports of [[bandy]] possibly being added to the sports program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://infox.ru/sport/hockey/2010/06/04/FHR_nye_pomozhyet_by.phtml|title=Russian ice hockey will be skating in Sochi|publisher=AktivMedia|work=Infox.ru|date=7 June 2010|access-date=23 March 2011|archive-date=8 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208043626/http://infox.ru/sport/hockey/2010/06/04/FHR_nye_pomozhyet_by.phtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/sports/olympics/29bandy.html?pagewanted=all|title=It's Not Hockey, It's Bandy|newspaper=The New York Times|date=29 January 2010|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162757/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/sports/olympics/29bandy.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live|last1=Klein|first1=Jeff Z.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastbourneherald.co.uk/news/comment/no-time-to-relax-the-show-must-go-on-again-1-1432453|title=No time to relax! The show must go on...again!|publisher=Eastbourneherald.co.uk|date=10 March 2010|access-date=19 February 2014}}{{Dead link|date=January 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> but the IOC rejected this request. Subsequently, the international governing body, [[Federation of International Bandy]], decided that [[Irkutsk]] and [[Shelekhov]] in Russia would host the [[2014 Bandy World Championship]] just before the Olympics.

On 28 November 2006, the Executive Board of the IOC decided not to include [[ski mountaineering]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themountainworld.blogspot.com/2006/12/no-olympics-for-ski-mountaineering.html|title=No Olympics for Ski Mountaineering|date=12 December 2006|access-date=2 April 2012|publisher=The Mountain World|archive-date=26 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226142947/http://themountainworld.blogspot.com/2006/12/no-olympics-for-ski-mountaineering.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ski-orienteering]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orienteering.org/no-inclusion-of-ski-orienteering-in-the-ioc-review-process-for-2014/|title=No inclusion of ski orienteering in the IOC review process for 2014|access-date=2 April 2012|publisher=International Orienteering Federation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920092843/http://orienteering.org/no-inclusion-of-ski-orienteering-in-the-ioc-review-process-for-2014/|archive-date=20 September 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> or [[winter triathlon]]<ref name=IOCUpdatesNov2006/> in the review process of the program.<ref name=IOCUpdatesNov2006>{{cite web|title=Olympic Programme Updates|date=28 November 2006|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/olympic_news/full_story_uk.asp?id=1972|publisher=International Olympic Committee|work=Olympic.org|access-date=20 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915063849/http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/olympic_news/full_story_uk.asp?id=1972|archive-date=15 September 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy }}</ref>

===Closing ceremony===
{{main|2014 Winter Olympics closing ceremony}}
The closing ceremony was held on 23 February 2014 between 20:14 [[Moscow Time|MSK]] ([[UTC+04:00|UTC+4]]) and 22:25 [[Moscow Time|MSK]] ([[UTC+04:00|UTC+4]]) at the [[Fisht Olympic Stadium]] in [[Sochi]].<ref name="Day17-Closing ceremony">{{cite web|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-sochi-2014-closing-ceremony-unites-olympic-generations|title=Sochi 2014 Closing Ceremony Unites Olympic Generations|work=Sochi 2014|date=23 February 2014|access-date=24 February 2014|archive-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224194445/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-sochi-2014-closing-ceremony-unites-olympic-generations|url-status=live }}</ref>
The ceremony was dedicated to Russian culture featuring world-renowned Russian stars like conductor and violinist [[Yuri Bashmet]], conductor [[Valery Gergiev]], pianist [[Denis Matsuev]], singer [[Hibla Gerzmava]] and violinist Tatiana Samouil. These artists were joined by performers from the [[Bolshoi Theatre|Bolshoi]] and [[Mariinsky Theatre|Mariinsky]] theaters.

==Medals==
[[File:SochiOlympicMedals.jpg|thumb|250px|Medals of the 2014 Winter Olympics]]
{{main|List of 2014 Winter Olympics medal winners}}
Sochi's medal design was unveiled in May 2013. The design is intended to resemble Sochi's landscape, with a semi-translucent section containing a "[[patchwork quilt]]" of diamonds representing mountains; the diamonds themselves contain designs that reflect Russia's regions.<ref name="olympicorg-14medals">{{cite web|title=Sochi 2014 Unveils Olympic Medals|url=http://www.olympic.org/news/sochi-2014-unveils-olympic-medals/199839|work=Olympic.org|access-date=4 February 2014|archive-date=3 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203214302/http://www.olympic.org/news/sochi-2014-unveils-olympic-medals/199839|url-status=live}}</ref> Those who won gold medals on 15 February received special medals with fragments of the [[Chelyabinsk meteor]], marking the one-year anniversary of the event where pieces of the cosmic body fell into the [[Lake Chebarkul|Chebarkul Lake]] in the [[Ural Mountains]] in central Russia.<ref>{{cite news|title = Winners at Sochi Winter Olympics to receive pieces of Russia meteorite|date = 26 July 2013|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10203817/Winners-at-Sochi-Winter-Olympics-to-receive-pieces-of-Russia-meteorite.html|newspaper = The Telegraph|access-date = 28 July 2013|location = London|archive-date = 28 July 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130728121646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10203817/Winners-at-Sochi-Winter-Olympics-to-receive-pieces-of-Russia-meteorite.html|url-status = live}}</ref>

===Medal table===
{{Main|2014 Winter Olympics medal table}}

The top ten listed [[National Olympic Committee|NOCs]] by number of gold medals are listed below. The host nation, Russia, is highlighted.
{{:2014 Winter Olympics medal table}}
===Podium sweeps===
{|class="wikitable"
|+
!Date
!Sport
!Event
!NOC
!Gold
!Silver
!Bronze
|-
|8 February
|[[Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Speed skating]]
|[[Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres|Men's 5000 metres]]
|{{flagIOC|NED|2014 Winter}}
|[[Sven Kramer]]
|[[Jan Blokhuijsen]]
|[[Jorrit Bergsma]]
|-
|10 February
|[[Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Speed skating]]
|[[Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 500 metres|Men's 500 metres]]
|{{flagIOC|NED|2014 Winter}}
|[[Michel Mulder]]
|[[Jan Smeekens]]
|[[Ronald Mulder]]
|-
|13 February
|[[Freestyle skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Freestyle skiing]]
|[[Freestyle skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's slopestyle|Men's slopestyle]]
|{{flagIOC|USA|2014 Winter}}
|[[Joss Christensen]]
|[[Gus Kenworthy]]
|[[Nick Goepper]]
|-
|16 February
|[[Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Speed skating]]
|[[Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 1500 metres|Women's 1500 metres]]
|{{flagIOC|NED|2014 Winter}}
|[[Jorien ter Mors]]
|[[Ireen Wüst]]
|[[Lotte van Beek]]
|-
|18 February
|[[Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Speed skating]]
|[[Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres|Men's 10000 metres]]
|{{flagIOC|NED|2014 Winter}}
|[[Jorrit Bergsma]]
|[[Sven Kramer]]
|[[Bob de Jong]]
|-
|20 February
|[[Freestyle skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Freestyle skiing]]
|[[Freestyle skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's ski cross|Men's ski cross]]
|{{flagIOC|FRA|2014 Winter}}
|[[Jean-Frédéric Chapuis]]
|[[Arnaud Bovolenta]]
|[[Jonathan Midol]]
|-
|22 February
|[[Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Cross-country skiing]]
|[[Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics - Women's 30 kilometre freestyle|Women's 30 kilometre freestyle]]
|{{flagIOC|NOR|2014 Winter}}
|[[Marit Bjørgen]]
|[[Therese Johaug]]
|[[Kristin Størmer Steira]]
|-
|23 February
|[[Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Cross-country skiing]]
|[[Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 kilometre freestyle|Men's 50 kilometre freestyle]]
|{{flagIOC|RUS|2014 Winter}}
|[[Alexander Legkov]]{{ref label|a|a}}
|[[Maxim Vylegzhanin]]{{ref label|a|a}}
|[[Ilia Chernousov]]
|}
<span style="font-size:95%">{{note label|a|a}} Legkov and Vylegzhanin were initially disqualified by the IOC for doping offenses in November 2017, and their 2014 Olympic medals were stripped (gold and silver respectively). However, their results were restored on 1 February 2018 following a successful appeal.</span>

==Calendar==
{{main|Chronological summary of the 2014 Winter Olympics}}
{{#section:Chronological summary of the 2014 Winter Olympics|Calendar}}

==Security==

===Measures===
Security during both the Olympics and Paralympics were handled by over 40,000 [[Law enforcement in Russia|law enforcement]] officials, including [[Police of Russia|police]] and the [[Russian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20131030/184432800.html|title=Russian Police to Speak 3 Languages at Sochi Olympics – Ministry|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|access-date=6 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210021753/http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20131030/184432800.html|archive-date=10 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20130930/183866130/Russian-Military-to-Ensure-Security-at-2014-Olympics.html|title=Russian Military to Ensure Security at 2014 Olympics|date=30 September 2013|publisher=RIA Novosti|access-date=6 December 2013|archive-date=10 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210021320/http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20130930/183866130/Russian-Military-to-Ensure-Security-at-2014-Olympics.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[Decree of the President of Russia|presidential decree]] signed by [[President of Russia|President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] took effect on 7 January, requiring that any protests and demonstrations in Sochi and the surrounding area through 21 March (the end of the [[2014 Winter Paralympics|Paralympics]]) be approved by the [[Federal Security Service]].<ref name="Sochi Olympic Protests to Require Approval from Russia's Security Service">{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20131206/185305332/Sochi-Olympic-Protests-to-Require-Approval-from-Russias-Security.html|title=Sochi Olympic Protests to Require Approval from Russia's Security Service|publisher=RIA Novosti|access-date=6 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210023449/http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20131206/185305332/Sochi-Olympic-Protests-to-Require-Approval-from-Russias-Security.html|archive-date=10 December 2013 }}</ref> For the duration of the decree, travel restrictions were also in effect in and around Sochi: "controlled" zones, dubbed the "ring of steel" by the media, covered the Coastal and Mountain clusters which encompass all of the Games' venues and infrastructure, including [[transport hub]]s such as railway stations. To enter controlled areas, visitors were required to pass through [[security checkpoint]]s with [[X-ray machine]]s, [[metal detector]]s and explosive material scanners.<ref name="accommodation">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10613022/Sochi-Olympic-organisers-face-accommodation-crisis.html|title=Sochi Olympic organisers face accommodation crisis|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=2 February 2014|access-date=2 February 2014|location=London|first1=Roland|last1=Oliphant|first2=Jack|last2=Lundy|archive-date=3 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203144910/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10613022/Sochi-Olympic-organisers-face-accommodation-crisis.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Several areas were designated as "forbidden", including [[Sochi National Park]] and the border with [[Abkhazia]].<ref name="Sochi Olympic Protests to Require Approval from Russia's Security Service" /><ref name="telegraph-shambles">{{cite news|title=The shambles behind the scenes at Sochi|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10618744/The-shambles-behind-the-scenes-at-Sochi.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=5 February 2014|location=London|first=Roland|last=Oliphant|date=5 February 2014|archive-date=5 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205225130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10618744/The-shambles-behind-the-scenes-at-Sochi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An [[unmanned aerial vehicle]] squadron, along with [[S-400 Triumf|S-400]] and [[Pantsir-S1]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defense]] [[rocket]]s were used to protect Olympic [[airspace]]. Four [[gunboat]]s were also deployed on the Black Sea to protect the coastline.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1630|title=Russia takes unprecedented security measures ahead of Sochi Olympics|publisher=ITAR TASS|access-date=11 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111210701/http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1630|archive-date=11 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A number of security organizations and forces began stationing in and around Sochi in January 2014; Russia's [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)|Ministry of Emergency Situations]] (EMERCOM) was stationed in Sochi for the Games beginning on 7 January 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/713964|title=Space monitoring systems of emergency situations deployed in Sochi|work=ITAR TASS|access-date=9 January 2014|archive-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109104001/http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/713964|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/sochi-2014-winter-olympics/716490|title=Russian emergencies minister praises Sochi security system|work=ITAR TASS|date=27 January 2014|access-date=27 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204055623/http://en.itar-tass.com/sochi-2014-winter-olympics/716490|archive-date= 4 February 2014 }}</ref> A group of 10,000 [[Internal Troops of Russia|Internal Troops]] of the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Interior]] also provided security services during the Games.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rbth.co.uk/news/2014/01/15/internal_troops_to_provide_security_at_sochi_olympics_33250.html|title=Internal Troops to provide security at Sochi Olympics|newspaper=Russia Beyond the Headlines|date=15 January 2014|access-date=16 January 2014|archive-date=12 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212005305/http://rbth.co.uk/news/2014/01/15/internal_troops_to_provide_security_at_sochi_olympics_33250.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-January, 1,500 Siberian Regional Command troops were stationed in a military town near Krasnaya Polyana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/siberia-joins-national-effort-to-make-the-sochi-olympics-safe-and-successful/|title=Siberia joins national effort to make the Sochi Olympics safe and successful|work=Siberia Times|date=16 January 2014|access-date=16 January 2014|archive-date=18 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118061230/http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/siberia-joins-national-effort-to-make-the-sochi-olympics-safe-and-successful/|url-status=live}}</ref> A group of 400 [[Cossack]]s in traditional uniforms were also present to accompany police patrols.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20140109/186366774/Sochi-Drafts-In-Cossacks-for-Olympic-Security.html|title=Sochi Drafts In Cossacks for Olympic Security|date=9 January 2014|publisher=RIA Novosti|access-date=9 January 2014|archive-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109225002/http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20140109/186366774/Sochi-Drafts-In-Cossacks-for-Olympic-Security.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130719/182323209/Some-300-Cossacks-to-Help-Police-Sochi-Olympics.html|title=Some 300 Cossacks to Help Police Sochi Olympics|date=19 July 2013|publisher=RIA Novosti|access-date=9 January 2014|archive-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109222923/http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130719/182323209/Some-300-Cossacks-to-Help-Police-Sochi-Olympics.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[58th Army (Russia)|58th Army unit]] of the [[Russian Armed Forces]] were defending the [[Georgia–Russia border]].<ref name="themoscowtimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/sochi2014/Olympic-Teams-Prepare-for-Possible-Security-Crisis-in-Sochi.html|title=Olympic Teams Prepare for Possible Security Crisis in Sochi|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|date=22 January 2014|access-date=23 January 2014|archive-date=23 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123043543/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/sochi2014/Olympic-Teams-Prepare-for-Possible-Security-Crisis-in-Sochi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The United States also supplied [[United States Navy|Navy]] ships and other assets for security purposes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/01/22/olympic-fears-mount-despite-putin-assurances/|title=Obama offers US security assistance to Putin as Olympic terror fears mount|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=22 January 2014|access-date=4 February 2014|archive-date=10 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210013827/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/01/22/olympic-fears-mount-despite-putin-assurances/|url-status=live}}</ref>

All communication and Internet traffic by Sochi residents was captured and filtered through [[deep packet inspection]] systems at all mobile networks using the [[SORM]] system.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/06/sochi-olympic-venues-kremlin-surveillance|title=As Sochi Olympic venues are built, so are Kremlin's surveillance networks|date=6 October 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=29 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129190553/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/06/sochi-olympic-venues-kremlin-surveillance|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/06/russia-monitor-communications-sochi-winter-olympics|title=Russia to monitor 'all communications' at Winter Olympics in Sochi|last=Walker|first=Shaun|date=6 October 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-date=13 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413223031/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/06/russia-monitor-communications-sochi-winter-olympics|url-status=live}}</ref>

Former professional speed skater and current deputy of the [[State Duma|Russian State Duma]] [[Svetlana Zhurova]] has stated that the 2014 Sochi Olympics were [[Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putin's]] personal project to showcase Russia to the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportfm.ru/news/zhurova-olimpiada-v-sochi-eto-proekt-putina.html|title = Журова: Олимпиада в Сочи - это проект Путина - Спорт FM|access-date=24 December 2017|archive-date=24 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224214309/https://sportfm.ru/news/zhurova-olimpiada-v-sochi-eto-proekt-putina.html|url-status=live }}</ref>

===Incidents and threats===
Organizers received several threats prior to the Games. In a July 2013 video release, [[Chechen people|Chechen]] [[Islamism|Islamist]] commander [[Dokka Umarov]] called for attacks on the Games, stating that the Games were being staged "[[Ethnic cleansing of Circassians|on the bones of many, many Muslims killed]]&nbsp;... and buried on our lands extending to the Red Sea".<ref name="rferl-caucasusthreat">{{cite web|title=Caucasus Emirate Leader Calls On Insurgents To Thwart Sochi Winter Olympics|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/sochi-olympics-terrorism-umarov/25035408.html|work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=13 February 2014|archive-date=30 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130071614/http://www.rferl.org/content/sochi-olympics-terrorism-umarov/25035408.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Threats were received from the group [[Vilayat Dagestan]], which had claimed responsibility for the [[Volgograd bombings]] under the demands of Umarov, and a number of National Olympic Committees had also received threats via e-mail, threatening that terrorists would kidnap or "blow up" athletes during the Games. However, while the IOC did state that the letters "[contained] no threat and appears to be a random message from a member of the public", the U.S. ski and snowboarding teams hired a private security agency to provide additional protection during the Games.<ref name="themoscowtimes.com"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/winter-olympics/10590826/Winter-Olympics-2014-email-threat-to-blow-up-athletes-at-Sochi-Games-dismissed-by-IOC.html|title=Winter Olympics 2014: email threat to 'blow up' athletes at Sochi Games dismissed by IOC|work=The Telegraph|date=22 January 2014|access-date=30 January 2014|location=London|first=Ben|last=Rumsby|archive-date=29 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129002113/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/winter-olympics/10590826/Winter-Olympics-2014-email-threat-to-blow-up-athletes-at-Sochi-Games-dismissed-by-IOC.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20140122/186809712.html|title=European Olympic Committees Report Sochi Terror Threats|publisher=En.ria.ru|date=22 January 2014|access-date=7 February 2014|archive-date=7 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207225822/http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20140122/186809712.html|url-status=live }}</ref>

==Media==

===Broadcasting rights===
{{main|List of 2014 Winter Olympics broadcasters}}

In most regions, broadcast rights to the 2014 Winter Olympics were packaged together with broadcast rights for the 2016 Summer Olympics, but some broadcasters obtained rights to further games as well. Domestic broadcast rights were sold by [[Sportfive]] to a consortium of three Russian broadcasters: [[Channel One (Russia)|Channel One]], [[All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company|VGTRK]], and [[NTV Plus]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Love|first=Tom|title=Sportfive concludes Olympic agreement in Russia|url=http://sportspromedia.com/news/sportfive_concludes_olympic_agreement_in_russia/|access-date=4 September 2012|work=SportsPro|date=3 September 2012|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602124206/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/sportfive_concludes_olympic_agreement_in_russia|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the United States, the 2014 Winter Olympics were the first in a new, US$4.38 billion contract with [[NBCUniversal]], extending its broadcast rights to the Olympic Games through 2020.<ref name="bandc-nbc2014">{{cite web|title=Lazarus: We Believe Sochi Olympics Will Be Profitable|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/491704-Lazarus_We_Believe_Sochi_Olympics_Will_Be_Profitable.php|work=Broadcasting & Cable|access-date=13 August 2013|archive-date=5 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005001110/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/491704-Lazarus_We_Believe_Sochi_Olympics_Will_Be_Profitable.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

In Canada, after losing the 2010 and 2012 Games to [[Bell Media]] and [[Rogers Media]], the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] re-gained broadcast rights to the Olympics for the first time since 2008, gaining rights to the 2014 and 2016 Games. Bell and Rogers sub-licensed pay-TV rights for their [[The Sports Network|TSN]], [[Sportsnet]] and [[Réseau des sports]] networks, as well as [[TVA Group]]'s [[TVA Sports]].<ref name="sn-sochi">{{cite web|title=Sportsnet to air 200 hours of Sochi Games|url=http://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/2013/02/07/sportsnet_reaches_olympic_sub_license_deal/|publisher=[[Sportsnet]]|access-date=8 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213143302/http://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/2013/02/07/sportsnet_reaches_olympic_sub_license_deal/|archive-date=13 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="cbc-2014coverage">{{cite news|title=CBC/Radio Canada welcomes partners in 2014 Sochi Olympics coverage|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/story/2013/02/07/sp-cbc-sports-sochi-olympics-tv-coverage.html|publisher=CBC|access-date=8 February 2013|archive-date=10 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210053524/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/story/2013/02/07/sp-cbc-sports-sochi-olympics-tv-coverage.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=TVA>{{cite news|title=CBC/Radio-Canada seals agreement with TVA Sports for the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1157471/cbc-radio-canada-seals-agreement-with-tva-sports-for-the-sochi-2014-olympic-winter-games|access-date=3 May 2013|newspaper=Canada Newswire|date=2 May 2013|archive-date=25 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525124723/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1157471/cbc-radio-canada-seals-agreement-with-tva-sports-for-the-sochi-2014-olympic-winter-games|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cbc-returns">{{cite news|title=CBC wins rights to 2014, 2016 Olympic Games|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2012/08/01/cbc-olympics-rights.html|publisher=CBC Sports|access-date=1 August 2012|archive-date=3 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803132739/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2012/08/01/cbc-olympics-rights.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In Australia, after all three major commercial networks pulled out of bidding on rights to both the 2014 and 2016 Games due to cost concerns, the IOC awarded broadcast rights to just the 2014 Winter Olympics to [[Network Ten]] for A$20 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Olympic fury over rules for TV sport|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/media/olympic-fury-over-rules-for-tv-sport/story-e6frg996-1226320796182|access-date=13 August 2013|newspaper=The Australian|date=7 April 2012|archive-date=14 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314081133/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/media/olympic-fury-over-rules-for-tv-sport/story-e6frg996-1226320796182|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Seven withdraws from bidding for Olympics as price tag proves too great for TV networks|url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/other-sports/seven-withdraws-from-bidding-for-olympics-as-price-tag-proves-too-great-for-tv-networks/story-e6frf56c-1226614918163#.UgooyX_4Xmt|access-date=13 August 2013|newspaper=Fox Sports|date=8 April 2013|archive-date=8 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008152220/http://www.foxsports.com.au/other-sports/seven-withdraws-from-bidding-for-olympics-as-price-tag-proves-too-great-for-tv-networks/story-e6frf56c-1226614918163#.UgooyX_4Xmt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=MacKay|first=Duncan|title=Ten Network signs $20 million deal to broadcast Sochi 2014 in Australia, claim reports|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/1014188-ten-network-sign-20-million-deal-to-broadcast-sochi-2014-in-australia-claim-reports|access-date=13 August 2013|newspaper=Inside the Games|date=12 May 2013|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222342/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/1014188-ten-network-sign-20-million-deal-to-broadcast-sochi-2014-in-australia-claim-reports|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Filming===
Several broadcasters used the Games to trial the emerging [[ultra high definition television]] (UHDTV) standard. Both [[NTV Plus]] and [[Comcast]] filmed portions of the Games in [[4K resolution]]; Comcast offered its content through [[smart TV]] apps, while NTV+ held public and cinema viewings of the content. [[NHK]] filmed portions of the Games in [[8K resolution]] for public viewing. Olympic sponsor [[Panasonic]] filmed the opening ceremony in 4K.<ref name="thr-comcast4k">{{cite news|title=Comcast to Produce Olympics 2014 in Ultra HD|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/comcast-produce-olympics-2014-ultra-668955|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=27 January 2014|first=Adrian|last=Pennington|archive-date=24 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124215249/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/comcast-produce-olympics-2014-ultra-668955|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tvbe-sochi4k">{{cite web|title=Russia to transmit 4K from Sochi|url=http://www.tvbeurope.com/ibc-content/full/russia-to-transmit-4k-from-sochi|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140127173052/http://www.tvbeurope.com/ibc-content/full/russia-to-transmit-4k-from-sochi|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 January 2014|work=TVBEurope|publisher=NewBay Media|access-date=27 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url =http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1591|title =Putin cancels New Year holidays for officials responsible for Winter Games|work =[[ITAR-TASS]]|access-date =30 November 2013|archive-date =3 December 2013|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014534/http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1591|url-status =live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pennington|first=Adrian|url=http://www.streamingmediaglobal.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=94593&PageNum=2|title=Sochi Games to Set Record for Live and VOD Streaming|work=Streaming Media Europe|date=4 February 2014|access-date=8 February 2014|archive-date=22 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222175503/http://www.streamingmediaglobal.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=94593&PageNum=2|url-status=live }}</ref>

==Concerns and controversies==
{{main|Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics}}
A variety of concerns over the Games, or Russia's hosting of the Games, had been expressed by various entities. Concerns were shown over Russia's [[LGBT rights in Russia|policies]] surrounding the [[LGBT]] community, including the government's denial of a proposed [[Pride House]] for the Games on moral grounds, and a [[Russian gay propaganda law|federal law]] passed in June 2013 which criminalized the distribution of "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships" among minors.<ref name="itg-nopridehouse">{{cite web|title=Judge bans Sochi 2014 gay Pride House claiming it would offend 'public morality'|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/16259-judge-bans-winter-olympics-gay-pride-house|work=Inside the Games|date=18 March 2012 |access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=11 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211222053/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/16259-judge-bans-winter-olympics-gay-pride-house|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="variety-gaychallenge">{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Ted|title=Russia's Anti-Gay Laws Present Challenge for NBC's Olympics Coverage|url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/russia-7-1200567694/|access-date=25 July 2013|newspaper=Variety|date=24 July 2013|archive-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726171019/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/russia-7-1200567694/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nyt-crackdown">{{cite news|last=Fierstein|first=Harvey|title=Russia's Anti-Gay Crackdown|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/opinion/russias-anti-gay-crackdown.html?_r=0|access-date=25 July 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=21 July 2013|archive-date=25 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725165740/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/opinion/russias-anti-gay-crackdown.html?_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nyt-nohaven">{{cite news|title=Gays in Russia Find No Haven, Despite Support From the West|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/12/world/europe/gays-in-russia-find-no-haven-despite-support-from-the-west.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 February 2014|first=David M.|last=Herszenhorn|date=11 August 2013|archive-date=4 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304193056/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/12/world/europe/gays-in-russia-find-no-haven-despite-support-from-the-west.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="companies-human-rights">{{cite news|last=Skybenko|first=Ella|title=Companies can help advance human rights; Sochi shows they rarely use it|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sochi-winter-olympics-sponsor-companies-human-rights|access-date=8 February 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=7 February 2014|archive-date=7 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207210349/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sochi-winter-olympics-sponsor-companies-human-rights|url-status=live}}</ref> Severe cost overruns made the 2014 Winter Olympics the most expensive Olympics in history, with Russian politician [[Boris Nemtsov]] citing allegations of corruption among government officials,<ref>{{cite news|last=Bennetts|first=Marc|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/10581829/Sochi-Olympics-Nothing-but-a-monstrous-scam-says-Kremlin-critic.html|title=Winter Olympics 2014: Sochi Games 'nothing but a monstrous scam', says Kremlin critic Boris Nemtsov|work=Telegraph|date=19 January 2014|access-date=4 February 2014|location=London|archive-date=24 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124122617/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/10581829/Sochi-Olympics-Nothing-but-a-monstrous-scam-says-Kremlin-critic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and Allison Stewart of the [[Saïd Business School]] at the [[University of Oxford]] citing tight relationships between the government and construction firms.<ref name=sochi>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21581764-most-expensive-olympic-games-history-offer-rich-pickings-select-few-castles|title=The Sochi Olympics: Castles in the sand|newspaper=The Economist|date=13 July 2013|access-date=8 August 2013|archive-date=9 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809153715/http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21581764-most-expensive-olympic-games-history-offer-rich-pickings-select-few-castles|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported that Putin's [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexation of Crimea]] may have been intended to distract local Russians from corruption stories related to the Games.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 26, 2014|title=Crimea: Putin's Olympic diversion|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/26/crimea-putins-olympic-diversion/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116202409/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/26/crimea-putins-olympic-diversion/|archive-date=January 16, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernholz|first=Tim|date=February 9, 2018|title=Maybe this year Russia won't start a war during the Olympics|url=https://qz.com/1203504/2018-winter-olympics-russia-probably-wont-start-a-war-during-this-years-olympics/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032024/https://qz.com/1203504/2018-winter-olympics-russia-probably-wont-start-a-war-during-this-years-olympics/|archive-date=April 14, 2021|website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|language=en}}</ref>

{{anchor|Media coverage}}

U.S. broadcaster [[NBC]] largely avoided broadcasting material critical of Russia, although several segments deemed "overly friendly to Russia" were criticized by some commentators.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=21 February 2014 |title=In coverage of Olympics, NBC has largely steered clear of controversy |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/olympics/in-coverage-of-olympics-nbc-has-largely-steered-clear-of-controversy/2014/02/21/5e68a088-99aa-11e3-80ac-63a8ba7f7942_story.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225032004/http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/olympics/in-coverage-of-olympics-nbc-has-largely-steered-clear-of-controversy/2014/02/21/5e68a088-99aa-11e3-80ac-63a8ba7f7942_story.html |archive-date=25 February 2014}}</ref>

Following the [[2014 Winter Olympics closing ceremony|closing ceremony]], commentators evaluated the Games to have been successful overall.<ref name="Sappenfield">{{cite news |last=Sappenfield |first=Mark |date=24 February 2014 |title=Sochi Olympics report card: So how good were Putin's Games? |newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2014/0224/Sochi-Olympics-report-card-So-how-good-were-Putin-s-Games-video |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224215834/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2014/0224/Sochi-Olympics-report-card-So-how-good-were-Putin-s-Games-video |archive-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Grohmann2014">{{cite news |last=Grohmann |first=Karolos |date=23 February 2014 |title='Excellent' Sochi Games proved critics wrong, says IOC's Bach |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/olympics-sochi-bach-idINDEEA1M08W20140223 |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104170742/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/23/olympics-sochi-bach-idINDEEA1M08W20140223 |archive-date=4 November 2014}}</ref>

=== Circassian genocide ===
[[File:Çerkez sürgününün anılması 1.jpg|thumb|[[Circassians in Turkey]] commemorate the [[Circassian genocide]] in [[Taksim Square|Taksim]], [[Istanbul]]]]
Some [[Circassians|Circassian]] organizations objected to the Games being held on land their ancestors held until 1864,<ref>Jaimoukha, Amjad. ''Ancient Circassian Cultures and Nations in the First Millennium BCE''. pp. 1–7, 9–14{{fcn|reason=date, publisher?|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>Encyclopædia Britannica entry for Circassians: "From ancient times Circassia, comprising roughly the northwestern region of the Caucasus, acquired the exotic reputation common to lands occupying a crucial area between rival empires..."{{fcn|reason=which edition/year?|date=March 2022}}</ref> when most of them were vanquished at the end of the [[Russian-Circassian War]] (1763–1864), in the [[Circassian genocide]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS104971+22-May-2009+PRN20090522|title=145th Anniversary of the Circassian Genocide and the Sochi Olympics Issue|date=22 May 2009|work=Reuters|access-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702174523/https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/22/idUS104971%2B22-May-2009%2BPRN20090522|archive-date=2 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/21/world/europe/21georgia.html|title=Georgia Says Russia Committed Genocide in 19th Century|author=Ellen Barry|date=20 May 2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-date=14 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314221518/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/21/world/europe/21georgia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The use of Krasnaya Polyana ("Red Hill" or "Red Glade") as an event site was considered insensitive, as it was named for a group of Circassians who were defeated in a bloody battle with Russians while attempting to return home over it in 1864.<ref name="NorthJersey-redhill">{{cite news|date=9 February 2010|author=Andrea Alexander|title=North Jersey Circassians 'in exile' launch Olympic protest|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/state/North_Jersey_Circassians_in_exile_launch_Olympic_protest.html?c=y&page=1|work=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]|access-date=13 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221155528/http://www.northjersey.com/news/state/North_Jersey_Circassians_in_exile_launch_Olympic_protest.html?c=y&page=1|archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name="IBTimesRedGlade">{{cite news|date=6 February 2014|author=Gabriele Barbati|title=Circassians Protest Winter Olympics Being Held At Sochi Genocide Site|work=International Business Times|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/circassians-protest-winter-olympics-being-held-sochi-genocide-site-1553582|access-date=10 February 2014|archive-date=16 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216183938/http://www.ibtimes.com/circassians-protest-winter-olympics-being-held-sochi-genocide-site-1553582|url-status=live}}</ref> Some Circassian groups demanded that the Games be cancelled or moved unless Russia apologized for their actions.<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL9255154|work = Reuters|title = Olympics-IOC says Russia-Georgia conflict 'a sad reality'|date = 9 August 2008|access-date = 6 October 2017|archive-date = 17 September 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200917131803/https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL9255154|url-status = live }}</ref> Other groups did not outright object to the Games, but suggested that symbols of Circassian history and culture be incorporated into the Games, as Australia, the United States and Canada did for their indigenous cultures in [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000]], [[2002 Winter Olympics|2002]], and [[2010 Winter Olympics|2010]] respectively.<ref>Azamat Bram. [http://iwpr.net/?p=crs&s=f&o=339641&apc_state=henpcrs "Circassians Voice Olympian Anger"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108124552/https://iwpr.net/?p=crs&s=f&o=339641&apc_state=henpcrs|date=8 January 2016 }}. [[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]] Caucasus Reporting Service No. 413, 5 October 2007. Retrieved on 2 April 2010.</ref>

===Russian doping scandal===
{{Main|Doping in Russia|McLaren Report|Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics}}

Following the Games, reports began to emerge that the Russian Olympic team had participated in a state-run [[Doping in Russia|doping program]], which supplied their athletes with [[performance-enhancing drugs]]. These allegations first emerged in a December 2014 documentary by German public broadcaster [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]],<ref name=Guard3Dec>{{cite news|last1=Olterman|first1=Philip|title=Russia accused of athletics doping cover-up on German TV|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/03/russia-accused-athletics-doping-cover-up-olympics|access-date=9 November 2015|work=Guardian|date=3 December 2014|archive-date=7 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107212022/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/03/russia-accused-athletics-doping-cover-up-olympics|url-status=live}}</ref> and were detailed further in a May 2016 report by ''[[The New York Times]]''—which published allegations by Dr. [[Grigory Rodchenkov]], the former director of Russia's anti-doping laboratory. Rodchenkov alleged that a conspiracy of corrupt anti-doping officials, [[Federal Security Service|FSB]] intelligence agents, and compliant Russian athletes used banned substances to gain an unfair advantage during the Games.<ref name=NYT160512>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html|title= Russian Insider Says State-Run Doping Fueled Olympic Gold|first1= Rebecca R.|last1= Ruiz|first2= Michael|last2= Schwirtz|work= [[The New York Times]]|date= 12 May 2016|access-date= 23 February 2017|archive-date= 30 December 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171230032229/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html|url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="nyt2">{{cite news|title=Mystery in Sochi Doping Case Lies With Tamper-Proof Bottle|first1=Rebecca R.|last1=Ruiz|first2=Michael|last2=Schwirtz|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=13 May 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html?_r=0|access-date=14 May 2016|archive-date=17 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517132147/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html?_r=0|url-status=live }}</ref> Rodchenkov stated that the FSB tampered with over 100 urine samples as part of a [[cover-up]], and that at least fifteen of the Russian medals won in Sochi were the result of doping.<ref name="NYT160512"/><ref name="nyt2"/><ref name=GN150601>{{cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/01/wada-world-anti-doping-russia-olympics-games-sochi-david-howman|title= New doping report will influence decision on Russia's place at Olympics|first= Owen|last= Gibson|work= The Guardian|date= 1 June 2016|access-date= 6 July 2016|archive-date= 4 November 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161104180102/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/01/wada-world-anti-doping-russia-olympics-games-sochi-david-howman|url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="guardian-upheld">{{cite web|title=Russian athletics: IAAF upholds ban before Rio Olympics|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/17/russia-rio-olympics-ban-doping-iaaf-sebastian-coe|website=The Guardian|date=17 June 2016|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-date=12 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712032130/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/17/russia-rio-olympics-ban-doping-iaaf-sebastian-coe|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] (WADA) commissioned an [[McLaren Report|independent report]] by [[Richard McLaren (academic)|Richard McLaren]], which corroborated claims that Russian authorities had been discreetly swapping out urine samples that tested positive for performance-enhancing substances. The report concluded that the program had been operating from "at least late 2011 to August 2015", and had covered up 643 positive samples across Olympic and non-Olympic sports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/17100024|title=Takeaways from McLaren report? Confusion, corruption, cynicism|date=18 July 2016|website=ESPN.com|language=en|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003062002/http://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/17100024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NYT161227>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/27/sports/olympics/russia-doping.html?_r=0|title= Russians No Longer Dispute Olympic Doping Operation|first= Rebecca R.|last= Ruiz|work= [[The New York Times]]|date= 27 December 2016|access-date= 23 February 2017|archive-date= 31 December 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161231063547/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/27/sports/olympics/russia-doping.html?_r=0|url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="WADA160718">{{cite web|url=https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/doping-control-process/mclaren-independent-investigations-report-into-sochi-allegations|title=McLaren Independent Investigations Report into Sochi Allegations|date=18 July 2016|publisher=WADA|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=23 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723002111/https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/doping-control-process/mclaren-independent-investigations-report-into-sochi-allegations|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, WADA considered the [[Russian Anti-Doping Agency]] to be non-compliant with the World Anti-Doping Code, and recommended that Russia be banned from competing in the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2016-07/wada-statement-independent-investigation-confirms-russian-state-manipulation-of|title=WADA Statement: Independent Investigation confirms Russian State manipulation of the doping control process|date=18 July 2016|publisher=WADA|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=3 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203122912/https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2016-07/wada-statement-independent-investigation-confirms-russian-state-manipulation-of|url-status=live}}</ref>

Russia was not banned from the 2016 Olympics by the IOC, a decision that was widely criticized by both athletes<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36879353|title=Rio Olympics 2016: Wada criticises IOC for failing to ban Russian team|work=BBC Sport|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=5 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805002938/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36879353|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thespec.com/sports-story/6781079-canadian-athletes-critical-of-ioc-decision/|title=Canadian athletes critical of IOC decision|date=24 July 2016|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829032908/https://www.thespec.com/sports-story/6781079-canadian-athletes-critical-of-ioc-decision/|archive-date=29 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/british-olympians-slam-spineless-ioc-over-russia-112117699--oly.html|title=British Olympians slam 'spineless IOC' over Russia|work=Yahoo! Sports|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=28 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828193716/https://sports.yahoo.com/news/british-olympians-slam-spineless-ioc-over-russia-112117699--oly.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and writers;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/olympics/2016/07/24/international-olympic-committees-dereliction-of-duty-over-russia/|title=International Olympic Committee's dereliction of duty over Russia weakens bond between spectator and spectacle|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=24 July 2016|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727092455/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/olympics/2016/07/24/international-olympic-committees-dereliction-of-duty-over-russia/|url-status=live|last1=Hayward|first1=Paul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/jul/24/ioc-chaos-russia-olympics-rio-2016-doping|title=IOC chooses obfuscation and chaos on Russia competing at Olympics|date=24 July 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=13 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813193521/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/jul/24/ioc-chaos-russia-olympics-rio-2016-doping|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/sports/olympics/russia-doping-ioc-president-thomas-bach.html|title=Russia Decision Muddies Legacy of I.O.C. President Thomas Bach|last=Macur|first=Juliet|date=25 July 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=31 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731034200/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/sports/olympics/russia-doping-ioc-president-thomas-bach.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the IOC only required Russia's athletes to be cleared by an internal panel and their respective sports federations.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36970627|title= Rio 2016: 270 Russians cleared to compete at Olympic Games|work= BBC Sport|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160804174234/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36970627|archive-date=4 August 2016|access-date= 4 August 2016}}</ref> The [[IAAF]] had suspended Russia from international track and field events due to the scandal, but did allow [[Darya Klishina]] to participate in the Olympics because she was confirmed not to be a part of a doping program, despite claims that surfaced in her appeal that a sample of Klishina's that had been collected on 26 February 2014 had yielded an illegal testosterone/epitestosterone ratio of 8.5 had been subject
to a "SAVE" order by the Ministry of Sport on 3 March 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/OG%2016-024.pdf#search=klishina|title=Archived copy|access-date=8 January 2022|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717194256/https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/OG%2016-024.pdf#search=klishina|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Athletics doping: Russia provisionally suspended by IAAF|work = BBC Sport|url = https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/34811896|access-date = 14 November 2015|archive-date = 13 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151113220344/http://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/34811896|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-russia-klishina-exclusiv-idUSKCN10Q0BK|title= Exclusive: Russia's Klishina to compete after appeal upheld|first= Jack|last= Stubbs|work= [[Reuters]]|date= 15 August 2016|access-date= 4 October 2018|archive-date= 5 August 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170805022117/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-russia-klishina-exclusiv-idUSKCN10Q0BK|url-status= live }}</ref> The [[International Paralympic Committee]] suspended the [[Russian Paralympic Committee]] and banned the team from the [[2016 Summer Paralympics]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rio Paralympics 2016: Russian athletes banned after doping scandal|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/disability-sport/37002582|website=BBC Sport|access-date=7 August 2016|date=7 August 2016|archive-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807160615/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/disability-sport/37002582|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 5 December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee, thus banning it from sending athletes under the Russian flag to the [[2018 Winter Olympics]]. Cleared Russian athletes were allowed to participate as "[[Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics|Olympic Athletes from Russia]]" (OAR).<ref name="The New York Times"/><ref name="russia_banned" /> Two of them – curler [[Alexander Krushelnitskiy]], who won a bronze medal, and bobsledder [[Nadezhda Sergeeva]] – failed drug tests during the Games.

The IOC's [[Oswald Commission]] disqualified and banned 43 Russian athletes, and stripped thirteen medals they earned in Sochi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/01/russian-doping-scandal-athletes-bans-overturned-courts-of-arbitration-for-sport-athletics|title=IOC dismayed after doping bans on 28 Russian athletes overturned by Cas|last=Ingle|first=Sean|date=1 February 2018|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=15 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815121026/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/01/russian-doping-scandal-athletes-bans-overturned-courts-of-arbitration-for-sport-athletics|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2017, 42 of the 43 punished athletes appealed to the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] (CAS). On 1 February 2018, the CAS found that the IOC provided insufficient evidence and cleared 28 athletes from IOC sanctions. In total, Russian athletes won back 9 of the 13 medals collected. For 11 other athletes, the CAS decided that there was sufficient evidence to uphold their Sochi sanctions, but reduced their lifetime bans to only the 2018 Winter Olympics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/02/04/icass-coates-responds-to-bach-over-ioc-concerns/110114676/|title=ICAS's Coates responds to Bach over IOC concerns|date=4 February 2018|agency=Associated Press|publisher=USA Today|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003142825/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/02/04/icass-coates-responds-to-bach-over-ioc-concerns/110114676/|url-status=live}}</ref> The IOC said in a statement that "the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the [2018 Winter Olympic] Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation" and that "this [case] may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping". The IOC found it important to note that the CAS Secretary General "insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 athletes are innocent” and that they would consider an appeal against the court's decision.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/russia-doping-scandal-overturned-bans-wada-athletes-cause-dismay-frustration-a8190811.html|title=Wada: Clearing Russian athletes may cause 'dismay and frustration'|author=Aspin, Guy|date=2 February 2018|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003101337/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/russia-doping-scandal-overturned-bans-wada-athletes-cause-dismay-frustration-a8190811.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-statement-on-cas-decision|title=IOC Statement on CAS decision|date=1 February 2018|publisher=Olympic Games|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201135755/https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-statement-on-cas-decision|url-status=live}}</ref> Later that month, the Russian Olympic Committee was reinstated by the IOC, despite failed doping tests during the 2018 Olympics,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/28/russia-says-ioc-reinstated-membership-after-doping-allegations|title=Russia's Olympic membership restored by IOC after doping ban|last=Kelner|first=Martha|date=28 February 2018|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=22 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922042055/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/28/russia-says-ioc-reinstated-membership-after-doping-allegations|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Russian Anti-Doping Agency was re-certified in September, despite the Russian officials not accepting the McLaren report.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/09/20/olympics-wada-reinstates-russia-ends-suspension-after-doping-scandal/1365815002/|title=Russia reinstated by WADA, ending nearly 3-year suspension after doping scandal|work=USA Today|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003063430/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/09/20/olympics-wada-reinstates-russia-ends-suspension-after-doping-scandal/1365815002/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Subsequent events===
Just 4 days after the closing of the Games, Russian troops entered Ukrainian [[Crimea]] and started the formal [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]]. Russia formally incorporated Crimea into its territory on 14th March 2014.<ref name="GovNo">{{cite web|url = https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/crimea_annexion/id2593565/|title = Four years since Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea|website=[[Government.no]]|date=14 March 2018|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="revea">{{cite news|title=Putin reveals secrets of Russia's Crimea takeover plot|work=BBC News|date=9 March 2015|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31796226|access-date=9 March 2015}}<br />{{cite news|last1=Soldatkin|first1=Vladimir|last2=Stamp|first2=David|date=9 March 2014|title=Putin says plan to take Crimea hatched before referendum|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-putin-crimea-idUSKBN0M51DG20150309|work=Reuters|access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Olympic Games|Russia|2010s}}
* [[2014 Winter Paralympics]]
* [[2014 Summer Youth Olympics]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
<!-- Per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only -->
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikinews category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Sochi 2014|Sochi 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Games}}
* {{IOC games|games=2014 Winter Olympics }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en|title=Official website|access-date=25 November 2015|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801014759/http://www.sochi2014.com/en|archive-date=1 August 2014|df=dmy|language=ru, en, fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090719093448/http://www.sc-os.ru/en/ Olympstroy State Corporation] {{in lang|ru|en}} - responsible for Sochi Olympics construction and development
* [[:dmoz:Sports/Events/Olympics/Winter Games/2014 - Sochi/|Sochi 2014 links]] on [[Open Directory Project]] (DMOZ)
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?t=k&z=15&q=43.404059+39.952505+(Sochi) Sochi satellite image] on [[Google Maps]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports|woly}}
{{s-bef|before=[[2010 Winter Olympics|Vancouver]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=XXII Olympic Winter Games<br/>[[Sochi]]|years=2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[2018 Winter Olympics|Pyeongchang]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Olympic Games}}
{{Events at the 2014 Winter Olympics}}
{{Nations at the 2014 Winter Olympics}}
{{2014 Winter Olympic venues}}
{{Portal bar|Olympics|Russia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Winter Olympics 2014}}
[[Category:2014 Winter Olympics|2014 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:2014 in winter sports|Olympics]]
[[Category:2014 in multi-sport events]]
[[Category:2014 in Russian sport]]
[[Category:Olympic Games in Russia]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Sochi]]
[[Category:Winter Olympics by year|2014]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:February 2014 sports events in Russia]]
[[Category:Winter multi-sport events in Russia]]
[[Category:21st century in Sochi]]
[[Category:Doping in Russia]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]