Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:2016 United States presidential election

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|58th quadrennial U.S. presidential election}}
{{use American English|date=February 2019}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2016 United States presidential election
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1960
| type = presidential
| opinion_polls = Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2012 United States presidential election
| previous_year = 2012
| election_date = November 8, 2016
| next_election = 2020 United States presidential election
| next_year = 2020
| votes_for_election = 538 members of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]]
| needed_votes = 270 electoral
| turnout = 60.1%<ref name=turnout>({{cite web|url=http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|title=National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present|work=United States Election Project|publisher=[[CQ Press]]}})({{cite web |title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results |url=https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2016.pdf|publisher=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 2017|access-date=February 12, 2018}}) ({{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/voting-and-registration/p20-580.html |title= Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2016 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |date=May 2017 |access-date=November 10, 2017}})</ref> {{increase}} 1.5 [[percentage point|pp]] <!-- Do not change without reading and commenting in the talk. We've had consensus but are willing to talk about changes. -->
| image_size = 200x200px
| image1 = Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg <!-- Please don't change infobox images without first discussing on the talk page. -->
| nominee1 = '''[[Donald Trump]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| home_state1 = [[New York (state)|New York]]
| running_mate1 = '''[[Mike Pence]]'''
| electoral_vote1 = '''304'''{{efn|name=pledged|In state-by-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. They lost respectively two and five votes to [[Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election|faithless electors]]. Vice presidential candidates Pence and Kaine lost one and five votes, respectively. Three other votes by electors were invalidated and recast.}}
| states_carried1 = '''30 + [[Maine's 2nd congressional district|ME-02]]'''
| popular_vote1 = 62,984,828<ref name=e2016>{{cite web|title=FEDERAL ELECTIONS 2016 -- Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives|url=https://www.fec.gov/documents/1889/federalelections2016.pdf|publisher=[[Federal Elections Commission]]|date=December 2017|access-date=August 12, 2020}}</ref>
| percentage1 = {{percentage|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,984,828|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|1|pad=yes}}
| image2 = Hillary Clinton by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg <!-- Please don't change infobox images without first discussing on the talk page. -->
| nominee2 = [[Hillary Clinton]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)<!-- Please see talk page for consensus on party order on first row. -->
| home_state2 = [[New York (state)|New York]]
| running_mate2 = [[Tim Kaine]]
| electoral_vote2 = 227{{efn|name=pledged}}
| states_carried2 = 20 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]]
| popular_vote2 = '''65,853,514'''<ref name=e2016/>
| percentage2 = '''{{percentage|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,514|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|1|pad=yes}}'''
| map_size = 350px
| map = {{2016 United States presidential election imagemap}}
| map_caption = Presidential election results map. <span style="color:darkred;">Red</span> denotes states won by Trump/Pence and <span style="color:darkblue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Clinton/Kaine. Numbers indicate [[United States Electoral College|electoral votes]] cast by each state and the District of Columbia. On election night, Trump won 306 electors and Clinton 232. However, because of seven [[faithless electors]] (five Democratic and two Republican), Trump received 304 votes and Clinton 227.
| title = President
| before_election = [[Barack Obama]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Donald Trump]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{2016 United States presidential election series}}
The '''2016 United States presidential election''' was the 58th quadrennial [[United States presidential election|presidential election]], held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. The [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ticket, businessman [[Donald Trump]] and Indiana governor [[Mike Pence]] defeated the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ticket of former [[United States Secretary of State|secretary of state]] and [[First Lady of the United States]] [[Hillary Clinton]] and the junior [[U.S. senator|senator]] from Virginia [[Tim Kaine]], in what was considered one of the biggest political [[Upset (competition)|upsets]] in American history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070|title=Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history|website=POLITICO|date=November 9, 2016 |accessdate=April 15, 2023}}</ref>

Incumbent Democratic president [[Barack Obama]] was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-second Amendment to the US Constitution]]. Clinton secured the nomination over U.S. senator [[Bernie Sanders]] in [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|the Democratic primary]] and became the first female presidential nominee of a major American political party. Trump emerged as his party's front-runner amidst a wide field of candidates in [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|the Republican primary]], defeating U.S. senators [[Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign|Ted Cruz]] and [[Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign|Marco Rubio]], governors [[John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign|John Kasich]] and [[Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign|Jeb Bush]], among other candidates. Trump's [[right-wing populist]], [[American nationalism#Donald Trump presidency|nationalist]] campaign, which promised to "[[Make America Great Again]]" and opposed [[political correctness]], [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]], and many [[United States free-trade agreements]]<ref>Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 "Trump's six populist positions"]. ''[[Politico]]''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref> garnered extensive [[Earned media|free media]] coverage due to Trump's inflammatory comments.<ref>Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/upshot/measuring-donald-trumps-mammoth-advantage-in-free-media.html "Measuring Donald Trump's Mammoth Advantage in Free Media"], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 16, 2016).</ref><ref>Walsh, Kenneth. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160225000859/http://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign "How Donald Trump's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign"]. ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''. Archived from [https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign the original] on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.</ref> Clinton emphasized her extensive political experience, denounced Trump and many of his supporters as a "[[basket of deplorables]]", bigots and extremists, and advocated the expansion of president [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Barack Obama's policies]]; [[Racial equality|racial]], [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT]], and [[Feminism in the United States|women's rights]]; and [[inclusive capitalism]].<ref>Chozick, Amy (March 4, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/us/politics/hillary-clinton-offers-economic-plan-focused-on-jobs.html "Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref>

The tone of the general election campaign was widely characterized as divisive, negative, and troubling.<ref>Wallace, Gregory (November 8, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/08/politics/negative-ads-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/index.html "Negative ads dominate in campaign's final days"]. [[CNN]]. Retrieved March 8, 2018.</ref><ref>Cassidy, John (November 5, 2016). [https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/closing-arguments-the-logic-of-negative-campaigning "Closing Arguments: The Logic of Negative Campaigning"]. ''[[The New Yorker]]''. Retrieved March 8, 2018. "This Presidential campaign has been the most bitter in recent American history."</ref><ref>[[Pew Research Center]] (November 21, 2016). [http://www.people-press.org/2016/11/21/voters-evaluations-of-the-campaign/#campaign-viewed-as-heavy-on-negative-campaigning-light-on-issues "Voters' evaluations of the campaign: Campaign viewed as heavy on negative campaigning, light on issues"]. Retrieved March 8, 2018</ref> Trump faced controversy over [[Racial views of Donald Trump|his views on race and immigration]], incidents of [[Protests against Donald Trump#Trump's reactions|violence against protestors]] at his rallies,<ref>Tiefenthaler, Ainara (March 14, 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000004269364/trump-and-violence.html "Trump's History of Encouraging Violence"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved November 8, 2016.</ref><ref>Nguyen, Tina (March 11, 2016). [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/03/donald-trump-protesters-rally-violence "Donald Trump's Rallies Are Becoming Increasingly Violent"]. ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''. Retrieved March 12, 2016.</ref><ref>Jacobs, Ben (March 11, 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/11/donald-trump-campaign-claims-violence-rallies "Trump campaign dogged by violent incidents at rallies"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved March 12, 2016.</ref> and numerous [[Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|sexual misconduct allegations]] including the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|''Access Hollywood'' tape]]. Clinton's popularity and public image were tarnished by concerns about her ethics and trustworthiness,<ref>McCarthy, Justin (July 1, 2016). [https://news.gallup.com/poll/193418/americans-reactions-trump-clinton-explain-poor-images.aspx "Americans' Reactions to Trump, Clinton Explain Poor Images"]. ''[[Gallup (company)|Gallup News]]''. Retrieved August 20, 2019.</ref> and a controversy and subsequent [[FBI]] investigation regarding [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|her improper use of a private email server]] while serving as secretary of state, which received more media coverage than any other topic during the campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-national-conventions/ |title=News Coverage of the 2016 National Conventions: Negative News, Lacking Context |date=September 21, 2016 |work=Shorenstein Center |access-date=December 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/publications/2017/08/mediacloud |title=Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |website=cyber.harvard.edu |access-date=December 7, 2017}}</ref> Clinton led in almost every nationwide and swing-state poll, with some predictive models giving Clinton over a 90 percent chance of winning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://election.princeton.edu/2016/11/08/final-mode-projections-clinton-323-ev-51-di-senate-seats-gop-house/|title=Final Projections 2016|date=2016-11-08|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Princeton Election Consortium|last=Wang|first=Sam|archive-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109180314/https://election.princeton.edu/2016/11/08/final-mode-projections-clinton-323-ev-51-di-senate-seats-gop-house/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/2016/forecast/president|title=2016 Election Forecast|date=2016-11-08|access-date=2022-02-15|website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref>

On Election Day, Trump over-performed his polls, winning several key swing states, while losing the popular vote by 2.87 million votes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38254946 |title=Did Clinton win more votes than any white man in history? |date=December 12, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=September 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump received the majority in [[United States Electoral College|the Electoral College]] and won upset victories in the [[Rust Belt]] region. The pivotal victory in this region, which Trump won by less than 80,000 votes in the three states, was considered the catalyst that won him the Electoral College vote. Trump's surprise victories were perceived to have been assisted by Clinton's lack of campaigning in the region, and the influence of [[Sanders–Trump voters]] who refused to back her after Bernie Sanders dropped out.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McQuarrie |first=Michael |date=November 2017 |title=The revolt of the Rust Belt: place and politics in the age of anger |journal=The British Journal of Sociology |language=en |volume=68 |issue=S1 |pages=S120–S152 |doi=10.1111/1468-4446.12328 |pmid=29114874 |s2cid=26010609 |issn=0007-1315|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Could Sanders voters help Trump win the White House again? |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/sanders-voters-helped-trump-win-white-house-could-they-do-n1145306 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=March 8, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kurtzleben |first=Danielle |date=2017-08-24 |title=Here's How Many Bernie Sanders Supporters Ultimately Voted For Trump |language=en |work=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/08/24/545812242/1-in-10-sanders-primary-voters-ended-up-supporting-trump-survey-finds |access-date=2022-11-29}}</ref> Ultimately, Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton 227, as two faithless electors [[Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election|defected from Trump and five from Clinton]]. Trump was the first president with neither [[List of presidents of the United States by previous experience|prior public service nor military experience]]. It was the fifth and most recent presidential election in which the [[List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|winning candidate lost the popular vote]].<ref name=e2016/><ref name=trumped>{{cite book |author1=Larry Sabato |author2=Kyle Kondik |author3=Geoffrey Skelley |title=Trumped: The 2016 Election That Broke All the Rules |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01t7DgAAQBAJ&pg=PR7 |year=2017 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |page=7 (The popular vote results mentioned here are slightly different from the official results published in December 2017.)|isbn=9781442279407}}</ref>

With ballot access to the entire national electorate, [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]] nominee [[Gary Johnson]] received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27%), the highest nationwide vote share for a third-party candidate since [[Ross Perot]] in [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lp.org/2016-presidential-ballot-access-map/|title=2016 Presidential Ballot Access Map|date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> while [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]] nominee [[Jill Stein]] received almost 1.45 million votes (1.06%). Independent candidate [[Evan McMullin]] received [[2016 United States presidential election in Utah|21.4%]] of the vote in his home state of Utah, the highest share of the vote for a non-major party candidate in any state since 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.270towin.com/2016_Election/|title=Presidential Election of 2016|website=270toWin.com}}</ref>

On January 6, 2017, the [[United States Intelligence Community]] concluded that the [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russian government had interfered in the 2016 elections]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Greg |last2=Entous |first2=Adam |title=Declassified report says Putin 'ordered' effort to undermine faith in U.S. election and help Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/intelligence-chiefs-expected-in-new-york-to-brief-trump-on-russian-hacking/2017/01/06/5f591416-d41a-11e6-9cb0-54ab630851e8_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eichenwald |first1=Kurt |title=Trump, Putin and the hidden history of how Russia interfered in the U.S. presidential election |url=http://www.newsweek.com/trump-putin-russia-interfered-presidential-election-541302 |website=[[Newsweek]] |date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> in order to "undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency."<ref>{{cite news |title=Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html |access-date=January 8, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 6, 2017 |page=11}}</ref> A [[Mueller special counsel investigation|Special Counsel investigation]] of alleged collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign began in May 2017<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosenstein |first1=Rod |title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html |access-date=November 3, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Grand Jury Indicts Thirteen Russian Individuals and Three Russian Companies for Scheme to Interfere in the United States Political System |url = https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/grand-jury-indicts-thirteen-russian-individuals-and-three-russian-companies-scheme-interfere |website=United States Department of Justice |date=February 16, 2018}}</ref> and ended in March 2019. The investigation concluded that Russian interference to favor Trump's candidacy occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion", but it "did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government."<ref>''[https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf Mueller Report]'', vol. I, p. 1: "The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion. [...] Although the investigation established that the Russian government perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency and worked to secure that outcome, and that the Campaign expected it would benefit electorally from information stolen and released through Russian efforts, the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities."</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Geller |first1=Eric |title=Collusion aside, Mueller found abundant evidence of Russian election plot |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/18/mueller-report-russian-election-plot-1365568 |website=[[Politico]] |publisher=POLITICO LLC |access-date=November 12, 2020 |language=en |date=April 18, 2019}}</ref>

== Background ==
{{further|United States presidential election}}
[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[incumbent]] in 2016, [[Barack Obama]]. His second term expired at noon on January 20, 2017.]]

[[Article Two of the United States Constitution|Article Two]] of the [[United States Constitution]] provides that the [[President of the United States|President]] and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] of the United States must be [[Natural-born-citizen clause|natural-born citizens]] of the United States, at least 35 years old, and residents of the United States for a period of at least 14 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/spakovsky-canaparo-california-ballot-law-unconstitutional-trump-political-attack |title=Spakovsky and Canaparo: California can't pick who runs for president. New law just an attack on Trump |last=Spakovsky |first=Hans von |date=September 22, 2019 |publisher=[[Fox News]] |access-date=March 29, 2020}}</ref> Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the political parties, in which case each party devises a method (such as a [[primary election]]) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. Traditionally, the primary elections are [[indirect election]]s where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The general election in November is <!-- R: put Trump first, he received more electoral votes (in the first column) -->also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]]; these electors in turn directly elect the president and vice president.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/provisions |title=Legal Provisions Relevant to the Electoral College Process |date=September 5, 2019 |website=National Archives |access-date=March 29, 2020}}</ref>

President [[Barack Obama]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] and former [[United States Senate|U.S. senator]] from [[Illinois]], was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to the restrictions of the American presidential term limits established by the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-second Amendment]]; in accordance with Section{{nbsp}}1 of the [[Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twentieth Amendment]], his term expired at noon [[Eastern Time Zone|eastern standard time]] on January 20, 2017.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stout |first1=Christopher Timothy |last2=Le |first2=Danvy |date=October 8, 2012 |title=Living the Dream: Barack Obama and Blacks' Changing Perceptions of the American Dream |journal=Social Science Quarterly |volume=93 |issue=5 |pages=1338–1359 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00915.x |issn=0038-4941}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=2008 |title=Inaugural Address of PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=2–5 |doi=10.1080/00064246.2008.11413464 |jstor=41069357 |s2cid=147680023 |issn=0006-4246}}</ref>

Both the Democratic and Republican parties, as well as third parties such as the Green and Libertarian parties, held a series of [[United States presidential primary|presidential primary elections and caucuses]] that took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the [[District of Columbia]], and [[Territories of the United States|U.S. territories]]. This nominating process was also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's [[United States presidential nominating convention|nominating convention]], who in turn elected their party's presidential nominee. Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' magazine declaring that the race had begun in an article published on November 8, two days after the 2012 election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amira |first1=Dan |title=Let the 2016 Campaign Season Begin! |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2012/11/let-the-2016-campaign-season-begin.html |access-date=July 5, 2015 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=November 8, 2012}}</ref> On the same day, ''[[Politico]]'' released an article predicting that the 2016 general election would be between Clinton and former [[Governor of Florida|Florida Governor]] [[Jeb Bush]], while an article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' named [[List of Governors of New Jersey|New Jersey Governor]] [[Chris Christie]] and Senator [[Cory Booker]] from [[New Jersey]] as potential candidates.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Johnathon |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |title=Back to the future: Clinton vs. Bush? |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/11/back-to-the-future-clinton-vs-bush-083550 |access-date=March 22, 2017 |publisher=[[Politico]] |date=November 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |title=After Obama, Christie Wants a G.O.P. Hug |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/us/politics/after-embrace-of-obama-chris-christie-woos-a-wary-gop.html |access-date=July 5, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 20, 2012}}</ref>

== Nominations ==
=== Republican Party ===
==== Primaries ====
{{main|2016 Republican Party presidential primaries}}

With seventeen major candidates entering the race, starting with [[Ted Cruz]] on March 23, 2015, this was the largest presidential primary field for any political party in American history,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=More People Are Running for Presidential Nomination Than Ever |url=http://time.com/3948922/jim-gilmore-virginia-2016/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date = February 14, 2016 |first=Jack |last=Linshi |date=July 7, 2015}}</ref> before being overtaken by the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who's Running for President in 2020? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/politics/2020-presidential-candidates.html |access-date=June 16, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 21, 2019 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |last2=Flegenheimer |first2=Matt |last3=Lee |first3=Jasmine C. |last4=Lerer |first4=Lisa |last5=Martin |first5=Jonathan }}</ref>

Prior to the [[2016 Iowa Republican caucuses|Iowa caucuses]] on February 1, 2016, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham, and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee, Paul, and Santorum withdrew due to poor performances at the ballot box. Following a sizable victory for Trump in the [[2016 New Hampshire Republican primary|New Hampshire primary]], Christie, Fiorina, and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush followed suit after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio, and Cruz in [[2016 South Carolina Republican primary|South Carolina]]. On March 1, 2016, the first of four "[[Super Tuesday]]" primaries, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma, and his home state of Texas, and Trump won the other seven states that voted. Failing to gain traction, Carson suspended his campaign a few days later.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/ben-carson-suspends-2016-campaign-cpac-n532056 |title=Ben Carson Suspends 2016 Campaign at CPAC |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date = March 9, 2016 |date=March 4, 2016 |first=Andrew |last=Rafferty}}</ref> On March 15, 2016, the second "Super Tuesday", Kasich won his only contest in his home state of Ohio, and Trump won five primaries including Florida. Rubio suspended his campaign after losing his home state.<ref name=Rubio>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/us/politics/marco-rubio.html |title=Marco Rubio Suspends His Presidential Campaign |date=March 16, 2016 |last2=Barbaro |first2=Michael |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 16, 2016}}</ref>

Between March 16 and May 3, 2016, only three candidates remained in the race: Trump, Cruz, and Kasich. Cruz won the most delegates in four Western contests and in Wisconsin, keeping a credible path to denying Trump the nomination on the first ballot with 1,237 delegates. Trump then augmented his lead by scoring landslide victories in New York and five Northeastern states in April, followed by a decisive victory in Indiana on May 3, 2016, securing all 57 of the state's delegates. Without any further chances of forcing a [[Brokered convention|contested convention]], both Cruz<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosenfeld |first1=Everett |title=Ted Cruz suspends presidential campaign |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/03/ted-cruz-suspends-campaign.html |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=May 4, 2016 |date=May 3, 2016}}</ref> and Kasich<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/05/us/politics/john-kasich.html |title=John Kasich Drops Out of Presidential Race |last=Kaplan |first=Thomas |date=May 4, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=May 4, 2016}}</ref> suspended their campaigns. Trump remained the only active candidate and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee by [[Republican National Committee]] chairman [[Reince Priebus]] on the evening of May 3, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reince Priebus on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/reince/status/727665447684820992 |website=[[Twitter]] |access-date=November 13, 2016 |date=May 3, 2016 |quote=."@realDonaldTrump will be presumptive @GOP nominee, we all need to unite{{nbsp}}..."}}</ref>

A 2018 study found that media coverage of Trump led to increased public support for him during the primaries. The study showed that Trump received nearly $2 billion in free media, more than double any other candidate. Political scientist [[John M. Sides]] argued that Trump's polling surge was "almost certainly" due to frequent media coverage of his campaign. Sides concluded "Trump is surging in the polls because the news media has consistently focused on him since he announced his candidacy on June 16."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reuning |first1=Kevin |last2=Dietrich |first2=Nick |title=Media Coverage, Public Interest, and Support in the 2016 Republican Invisible Primary |journal=Perspectives on Politics |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=326–339 |doi=10.1017/S1537592718003274 |issn=1537-5927 |year=2019 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Prior to clinching the Republican nomination, Trump received little support from establishment Republicans.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Albert |first1=Zachary |last2=Barney |first2=David J. |title=The Party Reacts: The Strategic Nature of Endorsements of Donald Trump |journal=American Politics Research |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=1239–1258 |doi=10.1177/1532673x18808022 |issn=1532-673X |year=2019|s2cid=158923761 }}</ref>

==== Nominees ====
{{Donald Trump series |expanded=Campaigns }}{{Main|2 = Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign}}{{Mike Pence series}}
{{Nominee Table
|party logo=Republican Disc.svg
|party=Republican
|header=2016 Republican Party ticket
|president=Donald Trump
|vice president=Mike Pence
|president portrait=Official Portrait of President Donald Trump.jpg
|vp portrait=Vice President Pence Official Portrait.jpg
|experience=Chairman of<br /> [[The Trump Organization]]<br /><small>(1971–2017)</small>
|vp experience=[[List of Governors of Indiana|50th]]<br />[[Governor of Indiana]]<br /><small>(2013–2017)</small>
|campaign=Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign
|campaign logo=Trump-Pence 2016.svg
|bottom color=#ffd0d7
}}

==== Candidates ====
{{main|2016 Republican Party presidential candidates}}

Major candidates were determined by the various media based on common consensus. The following were invited to sanctioned televised debates based on their poll ratings.

Trump received 14,010,177 total votes in the primary. Trump, Cruz, Rubio and Kasich each won at least one primary, with Trump receiving the highest number of votes and Ted Cruz receiving the second highest.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-<sup>†</sup>
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|''Candidates in this section are sorted by reverse date of withdrawal from the primaries''
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[John Kasich|<small>John Kasich</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Ted Cruz|<small>Ted Cruz</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Marco Rubio|<small>Marco Rubio</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Ben Carson|<small>Ben Carson</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Jeb Bush|<small>Jeb Bush</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Jim Gilmore|<small>Jim Gilmore</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Carly Fiorina|<small>Carly Fiorina</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Chris Christie|<small>Chris Christie</small>]]
|-
|[[File:Governor John Kasich.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Ted Cruz, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 2).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Marco Rubio, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Ben Carson by Skidmore with lighting correction.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Jeb Bush Feb 2015.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Jim Gilmore 2015.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Carly Fiorina NFRW 2015.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Chris Christie April 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|[[List of governors of Ohio|69th]]<br />[[Governor of Ohio]]<br /><small>(2011–2019)</small>
|[[United States Senate|U.S. senator]]<br />from [[Texas]]<br /><small>(2013–''present'')</small>
|U.S. senator<br />from [[Florida]]<br /><small>(2011–''present'')</small>
|Dir. of [[Pediatric Neurosurgery]],<br />[[Johns Hopkins Hospital]]<br /><small>(1984–2013)</small>
|[[List of governors of Florida|43rd]]<br />[[Governor of Florida]]<br /><small>(1999–2007)</small>
|[[List of governors of Virginia|68th]]<br />[[Governor of Virginia]]<br /><small>(1998–2002)</small>
|[[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of<br />[[Hewlett-Packard]]<br /><small>(1999–2005)</small>
|[[List of governors of New Jersey|55th]]<br />[[Governor of New Jersey]]<br /><small>(2010–2018)</small>
|-
|[[File:Kasich 2016.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Cruz 2k16 text.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Marcorubio.svg|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Carson for President 2016.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:JEB! 2016 Campaign Logo.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Gilmore 2016.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Carly 2016.svg|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Christie 2k16.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|[[John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Jim Gilmore 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|''W: May 4''<br /><small>'''4,287,479''' votes</small>
|''W: May 3''<br /><small>'''7,811,110''' votes</small>
|''W: Mar 15''<br /><small>'''3,514,124''' votes</small>
|''W: Mar 4''<br /><small>'''857,009''' votes</small>
|''W: Feb 20''<br /><small>'''286,634''' votes</small>
|''W: Feb 12''<br /><small>18,364 votes</small>
|''W: Feb 10''<br /><small>40,577 votes</small>
|''W: Feb 10''<br /><small>57,634 votes</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/022/201507230300013022/201507230300013022.pdf |title=John Kasich FEC Filing |date=July 23, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-na-pn-ted-cruz-presidential-bid-20150322-story.html |title=Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid |date=March 22, 2015 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=March 23, 2015 |first1=Lisa |last1=Mascaro |first2=David |last2=Lauter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/03/23/ted-cruz-announces-presidential-run/ |title=Ted Cruz Announces He's Running for President |date=March 23, 2015 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 23, 2015 |author=Zezima, Katie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/891/15031403891/15031403891.pdf |title=Ted Cruz FEC filing |date=March 23, 2015 |work=FEC.gov |access-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><!-- Please DO NOT REMOVE TED CRUZ from this list or add disclaimers regarding his eligibility to be President. Please see the Wikipedia article *Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016*, section "Eligibility concerns", for information on this subject -->
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/us/politics/marco-rubio-2016-presidential-campaign.html |title=Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid |date=April 13, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=April 13, 2015 |author=Parker, Ashley}}</ref><ref name="Pitch2">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Rebecca |date=April 13, 2015 |url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/2016-elections/marco-rubio-presidential-announcement-2016-20150413 |title=Marco Rubio Makes His Pitch as the Fresh Face of the GOP in 2016 |work=[[National Journal]] |access-date=April 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/229/15031412229/15031412229.pdf |title=Marco Rubio FEC Filing |date=April 13, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=May 7, 2015}}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/05/03/ben-carson-to-announce-presidential-campaign-monday/ |title=Ben Carson announces presidential campaign |date=May 3, 2015 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Terris |first1=Ben |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/ben-carson-announces-2016-run-n353241 |title=Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run |date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=[[NBCNews.com]] |access-date=May 4, 2015 |author=Rafferty, Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/874/15031422874/15031422874.pdf |title=Ben Carson FEC Filing |date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/jeb-bush-set-make-2016-run-official-n375621 |title=Jeb Bush Makes 2016 Run Official |date=June 15, 2015 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=June 15, 2015 |author=Rafferty, Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/747/15031431747/15031431747.pdf |title=Jeb Bush FEC Filing |date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=June 16, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref name=Gilmore>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/07/30/jim-gilmore-presidential-announcement/30830661/ |title=Jim Gilmore formally joins GOP presidential race |work=[[USA Today]] |date=July 30, 2015 |access-date=July 30, 2015 |author=Allen, Cooper}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/759/201507299000439759/201507299000439759.pdf |title=Jim Gilmore FEC Filing |publisher=FEC.gov |date=July 29, 2015 |access-date=July 29, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=httsp://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-117593.html |title=Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president' |date=May 4, 2015 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=May 4, 2015 |author=Gass, Nick}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031422870/15031422870.pdf |title=Carly Fiorina FEC Filing |date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=May 7, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/us/politics/chris-christie-presidential-campaign.html |title=Chris Christie Announces Run, Pledging 'Truth' About Nation's Woes |date=June 30, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 30, 2015 |author=Barbaro, Michael}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/058/201507010300005058/201507010300005058.pdf |title=Christopher J. Christie FEC Filing |date=July 1, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Rand Paul|<small>Rand Paul</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Rick Santorum|<small>Rick Santorum</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Mike Huckabee|<small>Mike Huckabee</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[George Pataki|<small>George Pataki</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Lindsey Graham|<small>Lindsey Graham</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Bobby Jindal|<small>Bobby Jindal</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Scott Walker (politician)|<small>Scott Walker</small>]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Rick Perry|<small>Rick Perry</small>]]
|-
|[[File:Rand Paul, official portrait, 112th Congress alternate (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore 8 (cropped2).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Mike Huckabee by Gage Skidmore 6 (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:George Pataki at Franklin Pierce University (cropped).jpg|center|123x123px]]
|[[File:Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Bobby Jindal 26 February 2015.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Scott Walker March 2015.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Rick Perry February 2015.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|U.S. senator<br />from [[Kentucky]]<br /><small>(2011–''present'')</small>
|U.S. senator<br />from [[Pennsylvania]]<br /><small>(1995–2007)</small>
|[[List of governors of Arkansas|44th]]<br />[[Governor of Arkansas]]<br /><small>(1996–2007)</small>
|[[List of governors of New York|53rd]]<br />[[Governor of New York]]<br /><small>(1995–2006)</small>
|U.S. senator<br /> from [[South Carolina]]<br /><small>(2003–''present'')</small>
|[[List of governors of Louisiana|55th]]<br />[[Governor of Louisiana]]<br /><small>(2008–2016)</small>
|45th<br />[[Governor of Wisconsin]]<br /><small>(2011–2019)</small>
|47th<br />[[List of governors of Texas|Governor of Texas]]<br /><small>(2000–2015)</small>
|-
|[[File:Rand Paul Presidential Campaign logo.svg|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Santorum 2k16 text.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Huckabee Plain.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Pataki for President Campaign Logo.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Graham 2k16.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Jindal 2016 (Vertical).png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Scott Walker 2016 logo.svg|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Perry16.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|[[Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Mike Huckabee 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|''W: Feb 3''<br /><small>66,781 votes</small>
|''W: Feb 3''<br /><small>16,622 votes</small>
|''W: Feb 1''<br /><small>51,436 votes</small>
|''W: December 29, 2015''<br /><small>2,036 votes</small>
|''W: December 21, 2015''<br /><small>5,666 votes</small>
|''W: November 17, 2015''<br /><small>222 votes</small>
|''W: September 21, 2015''<br /><small>1 write-in vote in New Hampshire</small>
|''W: September 11, 2015''<br /><small>1 write-in vote in New Hampshire</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 |title=Republican Rand Paul announces 2016 presidential run on website |date=April 7, 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=April 7, 2015 |author=Lambert, Lisa |archive-date=April 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407140904/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/07/politics/rand-paul-president-2016/ |title=Rand Paul: 'I am running for president' |date=April 7, 2015 |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=April 7, 2015 |author=Killough, Ashley}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/721/15970332721/15970332721.pdf |title=Rand Paul FEC filing |date=April 8, 2015 |work=FEC.gov |access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/05/27/rick-santorum-2016-presidential-race/28011791/ |title=Santorum officially begins 2016 presidential campaign |date=May 27, 2015 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=May 28, 2015 |author=Jackson, David}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/613/15031430613/15031430613.pdf |title=Rick Santorum FEC filing |date=May 27, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/06/us/politics/mike-huckabee-running-in-republican-presidential-primary.html |title=Mike Huckabee Joins Republican Presidential Race |date=May 5, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 5, 2015 |author=Trip, Gabriel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/301/15031423301/15031423301.pdf |title=Mike Huckabee FEC Filing |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/946/15031430946/15031430946.pdf |title=George Pataki FEC filing |date=June 2, 2015 |work=FEC.gov |access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>Jaffe, Alexandra (June 1, 2015) [http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/01/politics/lindsey-graham-presidential-announcement-election-2016/index.html "Graham bets on foreign experience in White House bid announcement"], CNN. Retrieved June 1, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031430870/15031430870.pdf |title=Lindsey Graham FEC Filing |date=June 1, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=June 2, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/24/bobby-jindal-to-announce-presidential-plans-wednesday/ |title=Bobby Jindal announces entry into 2016 presidential race |date=June 24, 2015 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=June 24, 2015 |author1=Fahrenthold, David A. |author2=Hohmann, James}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/728/15031432728/15031432728.pdf |title=Bobby Jindal FEC Filing |date=June 29, 2015 |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=June 30, 2015}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/13/politics/scott-walker-2016-presidential-announcement/ |title=Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race |date=July 13, 2015 |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=July 13, 2015 |author1=Burlij, Terence |author2=Lee, MJ |author3=LoBianco, Tom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do?candidateCommitteeId=P60006046&tabIndex=1 |title=Scott Walker FEC filing |website=FEC |publisher=FEC.gov |access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=http://sos.nh.gov/2016RepPresPrim.aspx?id=8589957200 |title=2016 Presidential Primary—Republican President—NHSOS |website=sos.nh.gov |access-date=October 9, 2016 |archive-date=October 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010124456/http://sos.nh.gov/2016RepPresPrim.aspx?id=8589957200 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://time.com/3909057/rick-perry-2016-campaign-launch/ |title=Rick Perry Announces Presidential Bid |date=June 4, 2015 |magazine=Time |access-date=June 4, 2015 |author=Beckwith, Ryan Teague |author2=Rhodan, Maya}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/864/15971217864/15971217864.pdf |title=Rick Perry FEC filing |date=June 19, 2015 |work=FEC.gov |access-date=June 22, 2015}}</ref>
|}

==== Vice presidential selection ====
{{Main|2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection}}

Trump turned his attention towards selecting a running mate after he became the presumptive nominee on May 4, 2016.<ref name="mkeneally">{{cite news |last1=Keneally |first1=Meghan |title=Donald Trump Teases Possible VP Requirements |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-teases-vp-requirements/story?id=38869060 |access-date=May 4, 2016 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=May 4, 2016}}</ref> In mid-June, Eli Stokols and Burgess Everett of ''Politico'' reported that the Trump campaign was considering [[New Jersey]] Governor [[Chris Christie]], former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Newt Gingrich]] from [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], Senator [[Jeff Sessions]] of Alabama, and [[Oklahoma]] Governor [[Mary Fallin]].<ref name="estokols">{{cite news |last1=Stokols |first1=Eli |last2=Everett |first2=Burgess |title=Trump's performance raises hard question: Who'd want to be his VP? |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/donald-trump-vice-president-224488 |access-date=June 21, 2016 |publisher=[[Politico]] |date=June 17, 2016}}</ref> A June 30 report from ''[[The Washington Post]]'' also included Senators [[Bob Corker]] from Tennessee, [[Richard Burr]] from [[North Carolina]], [[Tom Cotton]] from Arkansas, [[Joni Ernst]] from Iowa, and Indiana governor [[Mike Pence]] as individuals still being considered for the ticket.<ref name="vetting2">{{cite news |last1=Costa |first1=Robert |title=Gingrich, Christie are the leading candidates to be Trump's running mate |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/gingrich-christie-are-the-leading-candidates-to-be-trumps-running-mate/2016/06/30/98fa3ecc-3eef-11e6-84e8-1580c7db5275_story.html |access-date=July 1, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 30, 2016}}</ref> Trump also said he was considering two military generals for the position, including retired Lieutenant General [[Michael T. Flynn|Michael Flynn]].<ref name="zurcher">{{cite news |last1=Zurcher |first1=Anthony |title=US election: Who will Trump pick as his vice-president? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36678388 |access-date=July 8, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=July 8, 2016}}</ref>

In July 2016, it was reported that Trump had narrowed his list of possible running mates down to three: Christie, Gingrich, and Pence.<ref name=FinalThree>{{cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Kelly |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/team-trump-plans-public-event-friday-vp-pick-n608161 |title=Team Trump Plans Public Event Friday With VP Pick |work=[[NBC News]] |date=July 12, 2016 |access-date=July 12, 2016}}</ref>

On July 14, 2016, several major media outlets reported that Trump had selected Pence as his running mate. Trump confirmed these reports in a message [[Twitter]] on July 15, 2016, and formally made the announcement the following day in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/politics/donald-trump-vice-presidential-choice/ |title=Donald Trump selects Mike Pence as VP |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=July 14, 2016 |access-date=July 14, 2016 |author1=Bash, Dana |author2-link=Jim Acosta |author2=Acosta, Jim |author3=Lee, MJ|author1-link=Dana Bash }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ivan |last=Levingston |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/donald-trump-officially-names-mike-pence-as-his-vp.html |title=Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence as his VP |publisher=[[CNBC]] |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> On July 19, the second night of the [[2016 Republican National Convention]], Pence won the Republican vice presidential nomination by acclamation.<ref name="tcook">{{cite news |last1=Cook |first1=Tony |title=Gov. Mike Pence formally nominated as the Republican Party's vice presidential candidate |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/19/indiana-formally-casts-its-votes-nominate-trump-republican-national-convention/87317966/ |access-date=July 20, 2016 |work=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=July 19, 2016}}</ref>

=== Democratic Party ===

==== Primaries ====
{{Main|2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries}}

Former secretary of state [[Hillary Clinton]], who also served in the U.S. Senate and was the [[First Lady of the United States]], became the first Democrat in the field to formally launch a major candidacy for the presidency with an announcement on April 12, 2015, via a video message.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2015/04/10/398729582/hillary-clinton-expected-to-go-small-with-big-announcement |title=Hillary Clinton Expected To Go Small With Big Announcement |date=April 10, 2015 |publisher=[[NPR]] |last2=Montanar |first2=Domenico |last1=Keith |first1=Tamara |access-date=April 12, 2015}}</ref> While [[Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2016 presidential primaries|nationwide opinion polls]] in 2015 indicated that Clinton was the [[front-runner]] for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, she faced strong challenges from Independent Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] of Vermont,<ref name="Sanders leading">{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2015/08/25/second-straight-poll-shows-bernie-sanders-leading-new-hampshire/F1MfDFGZAYZPHLV22upEwM/story.html |title=Second straight poll shows Bernie Sanders leading in New Hampshire |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=August 26, 2015}}</ref> who became the second major candidate when he formally announced on April 30, 2015, that he was running for the Democratic nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/29/politics/bernie-sanders-announces-presidential-run/ |title=Bernie Sanders is running for president |date=April 30, 2015 |publisher=[[CNN]] |last1=Merica |first1=Dan |access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> September 2015 polling numbers indicated a narrowing gap between Clinton and Sanders.<ref name="Sanders leading"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-hillary-clinton-new-hampshire-poll_55dc947ce4b08cd3359d5f80 |title=Bernie Sanders surpasses Hillary Clinton in New Hampshire polls |date=August 25, 2015 |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=August 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-national-democratic-primary |title=Huffpost Pollster |date=October 1, 2015 |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=October 1, 2015 |archive-date=October 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001000953/http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-national-democratic-primary |url-status=dead }}</ref> On May 30, 2015, former [[Governor of Maryland]] [[Martin O'Malley]] was the third major candidate to enter the Democratic primary race,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/05/30/martin-omalley-president-announcement/27330857/ |title=Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race |date=May 30, 2015 |work=[[USA Today]] |last2=Cooper |first2=Allen |access-date=May 30, 2015 |last1=Jackson |first1=David}}</ref> followed by former independent governor and Republican senator of Rhode Island [[Lincoln Chafee]] on June 3, 2015,<ref name="DelReal, Jose A">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/03/lincoln-chafee-expected-to-announce-longshot-presidential-bid/ |title=Lincoln Chafee announces long-shot presidential bid |date=June 3, 2015 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=June 3, 2015 |author=DelReal, Jose A.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2015/06/rhode_islands_chafee_enters_2016_democratic_contest |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160208062305/http://www.bostonherald.com/news_opinion/us_politics/2015/06/launching_16_bid_chafee_refuses_to_rule_out_talks_with_is |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 8, 2016 |title=Rhode Island's Chafee enters 2016 Democratic contest |date=June 3, 2015 |work=[[Boston Herald]] |agency=Associated Press |access-date=June 3, 2015}}</ref> former Virginia senator [[Jim Webb]] on July 2, 2015,<ref name="Announces">{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/run-2016/2015/07/02/jim-webb-announces-for-president |title=Jim Webb Announces For President |date=July 2, 2015 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=July 2, 2015 |author=Catanese, David |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703113357/http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/run-2016/2015/07/02/jim-webb-announces-for-president |archive-date=July 3, 2015 }}</ref> and former Harvard law professor [[Lawrence Lessig]] on September 6, 2015.<ref name="Lessig running">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/09/lawrence-lessig-2016-presidential-run-213376 |title=Lessig: I'm running for president |date=September 6, 2015 |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |access-date=September 7, 2015 |author=Meyer, Theodoric}}</ref>

On October 20, 2015, Webb announced his withdrawal from the primaries, and explored a potential Independent run.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/10/jim-webb-democrats-independent-214929 |title=Jim Webb to consider running as an independent |website=[[Politico]] |date=October 19, 2015 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> The next day Vice President [[Joe Biden]] decided not to run, ending months of speculation, stating, "While I will not be a candidate, I will not be silent."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://onpolitics.usatoday.com/2015/10/21/biden-to-make-announcement-about-plans/ |title=Biden says he's not running in 2016 |website=OnPolitics |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/joe-biden-running-president/story?id=34338816 |title=Joe Biden Not Running for President |date=October 21, 2015 |work=[[ABC News]] |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> On October 23, Chafee withdrew, stating that he hoped for "an end to the endless wars and the beginning of a new era for the United States and humanity."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/10/23/chafee-ends-democratic-bid-for-president/ |title=Lincoln Chafee ends Democratic bid for president |last1=Wagner |first1=John |date=October 23, 2015 |last2=Weigel |first2=David |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |issn=0190-8286|access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> On November 2, after failing to qualify for the second DNC-sanctioned debate after adoption of a rule change negated polls which before might have necessitated his inclusion in the debate, Lessig withdrew as well, narrowing the field to Clinton, O'Malley, and Sanders.<ref name="outofrace">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/lawrence-lessig-drops-out-215443 |title=Lessig drops out of presidential race |date=November 2, 2015 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=November 2, 2015 |author=Strauss, Daniel}}</ref>

On February 1, 2016, in an extremely close contest, Clinton won the [[Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2016|Iowa caucuses]] by a margin of 0.2 points over Sanders. After winning no delegates in Iowa, O'Malley withdrew from the presidential race that day. On February 9, Sanders bounced back to win the [[New Hampshire Democratic primary, 2016|New Hampshire primary]] with 60% of the vote. In the remaining two February contests, Clinton won the [[Nevada Democratic caucuses, 2016|Nevada caucuses]] with 53% of the vote and scored a decisive victory in the [[2016 South Carolina Democratic primary|South Carolina primary]] with 73% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/nevada |title=Nevada Caucus Results |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/south-carolina |title=South Carolina Primary Results |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 28, 2016}}</ref> On March 1, eleven states participated in the first of four "[[Super Tuesday]]" primaries. Clinton won Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia and 504 pledged delegates, while Sanders won [[Colorado]], Minnesota, [[Oklahoma]], and his home state of Vermont and 340 delegates. The following weekend, Sanders won victories in [[2016 Kansas Democratic caucuses|Kansas]], [[2016 Nebraska Democratic caucuses|Nebraska]], and [[2016 Maine Democratic caucuses|Maine]] with 15- to 30-point margins, while Clinton won the [[2016 Louisiana Democratic primary|Louisiana primary]] with 71% of the vote. On March 8, despite never having a lead in the [[2016 Michigan Democratic primary|Michigan primary]], Sanders won by a small margin of 1.5 points and outperforming polls by over 19 points, while Clinton won 83% of the vote in [[2016 Mississippi Democratic primary|Mississippi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-the-polls-missed-bernie-sanders-michigan-upset/ |title=Why The Polls Missed Bernie Sanders's Michigan Upset |date=March 9, 2016 |website=[[FiveThirtyEight]]|access-date=May 1, 2016}}</ref> On March 15, the second "Super Tuesday", Clinton won in [[2016 Florida Democratic primary|Florida]], [[2016 Illinois Democratic primary|Illinois]], [[2016 Missouri Democratic primary|Missouri]], [[2016 North Carolina Democratic primary|North Carolina]], and [[Ohio Democratic primary, 2016|Ohio]]. Between March 22 and April 9, Sanders won six caucuses in [[2016 Idaho Democratic caucuses|Idaho]], [[2016 Utah Democratic caucuses|Utah]], [[2016 Alaska Democratic caucuses|Alaska]], [[2016 Hawaii Democratic caucuses|Hawaii]], [[2016 Washington Democratic caucuses|Washington]], and [[2016 Wyoming Democratic caucuses|Wyoming]], as well as the [[2016 Wisconsin Democratic primary|Wisconsin primary]], while Clinton won the [[2016 Arizona Democratic primary|Arizona primary]]. On April 19, Clinton won the [[2016 New York Democratic primary|New York primary]] with 58% of the vote. On April 26, in the third "Super Tuesday" dubbed the "Acela primary", she won contests in [[2016 Connecticut Democratic primary|Connecticut]], [[2016 Delaware Democratic primary|Delaware]], [[2016 Maryland Democratic primary|Maryland]], and [[2016 Pennsylvania Democratic primary|Pennsylvania]], while Sanders won in [[2016 Rhode Island Democratic primary|Rhode Island]]. Over the course of May, Sanders accomplished another surprise win in the [[2016 Indiana Democratic primary|Indiana primary]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/03/bernie-sanders-wins-indiana-democratic-primary |title=Bernie Sanders pulls off shock victory over Hillary Clinton in Indiana |last1=Roberts |first1=Dan |last2=Jacobs |first2=Ben |date=May 4, 2016 |website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=May 4, 2016}}</ref> and also won in [[2016 West Virginia Democratic primary|West Virginia]] and [[2016 Oregon Democratic primary|Oregon]], while Clinton won the [[2016 Guam Democratic caucus|Guam caucus]] and [[2016 Kentucky Democratic primary|Kentucky primary]] (and also non-binding primaries in Nebraska and Washington).

On June 4 and 5, Clinton won two victories in the [[2016 United States Virgin Islands Democratic caucuses|Virgin Islands caucus]] and [[2016 Puerto Rico Democratic caucuses|Puerto Rico primary]]. On June 6, 2016, the [[Associated Press]] and [[NBC News]] reported that Clinton had become the [[presumptive nominee]] after reaching the required number of delegates, including pledged delegates and [[superdelegate]]s, to secure the nomination, becoming the [[List of American women's firsts|first woman]] to ever clinch the presidential nomination of a major U.S. political party.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://msnbc.com/msnbc/clinton-hits-magic-number-delegates-clinch-nomination/ |title=Clinton hits 'magic number' of delegates to clinch nomination |last=Dann |first=Carrie |date=June 6, 2016 |work=[[NBC News]]|access-date=June 7, 2016}}</ref> On June 7, Clinton secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning primaries in [[2016 California Democratic primary|California]], [[2016 New Jersey Democratic primary|New Jersey]], [[2016 New Mexico Democratic primary|New Mexico]], and [[2016 South Dakota Democratic primary|South Dakota]], while Sanders won only [[2016 Montana Democratic primary|Montana]] and [[2016 North Dakota Democratic caucuses|North Dakota]]. Clinton also won the final primary in the [[2016 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia|District of Columbia]] on June 14. At the conclusion of the primary process, Clinton had won 2,204 pledged delegates (54% of the total) awarded by the primary elections and caucuses, while Sanders had won 1,847 (46%). Out of the 714 [[List of superdelegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention|unpledged delegates or "superdelegates"]] who were set to vote in the [[2016 Democratic National Convention|convention in July]], Clinton received endorsements from 560 (78%), while Sanders received 47 (7%).<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/P16/D |title=Democratic Convention 2016 |publisher=thegreenpapers.com|access-date=May 14, 2016}}</ref>

Although Sanders had not formally dropped out of the race, he announced on June 16, 2016, that his main goal in the coming months would be to work with Clinton to defeat Trump in the general election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN0Z305E |title=Sanders vows to help Clinton beat Trump, but keeps campaign alive |date=June 17, 2016 |newspaper=[[Reuters]]|access-date=June 20, 2016}}</ref> On July 8, appointees from the Clinton campaign, the Sanders campaign, and the Democratic National Committee negotiated a draft of the party's platform.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/politics/political-pulse/os-democratic-platform-orlando-story.html |title=Sanders backers frustrated by defeats at Orlando platform meeting |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|access-date=July 25, 2016}}</ref> On July 12, Sanders formally endorsed Clinton at a rally in New Hampshire in which he appeared with her.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-endorses-hillary-clinton_us_56e98f60e4b0b25c91841bdd |title=Bernie Sanders Endorses Hillary Clinton For President |date=July 12, 2016 |work=[[HuffPost]] |last1=Reily |first1=Molly |access-date=July 13, 2016}}</ref> Sanders then went on to headline 39 campaign rallies on behalf of Clinton in 13 key states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/30/politics/bernie-sanders-umbrage-clinton-2016/index.html|title=Bernie Sanders takes 'umbrage' when audience member says he didn't support Hillary Clinton in 2016|first=Annie |last=Grayer|website=[[CNN]]|date=May 30, 2019|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref>

==== Nominees ====
{{Hillary Clinton series}}{{Main|2 = Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign}}
{{Nominee Table
|party logo=Democratic Disc.svg
|party=Democratic
|header=2016 Democratic Party ticket
|president=Hillary Clinton
|vice president=Tim Kaine
|president portrait=Hillary Clinton by Gage Skidmore 4 (cropped).jpg
|vp portrait=Tim Kaine, official 113th Congress photo portrait.jpg
|experience=[[List of secretaries of state of the United States|67th]]<br />[[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]]<br /><small>(2009–2013)</small>
|vp experience=[[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br />from [[Virginia]]<br /><small>(2013–present)</small>
|campaign=Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign
|campaign logo=Clinton Kaine.svg
|bottom color=#c8ebff
}}

==== Candidates ====
{{Main|2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates}}

The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels or were listed in publicly published national polls. Lessig was invited to one forum, but withdrew when rules were changed which prevented him from participating in officially sanctioned debates.

Clinton received 16,849,779 votes in the primary.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:90%"
|- <sup>†</sup>
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center; width:700px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|''Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries''
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Bernie Sanders]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Martin O'Malley]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Lawrence Lessig]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Lincoln Chafee]]
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|[[Jim Webb]]
|-
|[[File:Bernie Sanders.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Governor O'Malley Portrait.jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Lessig (cropped).png|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Lincoln Chafee (14103606100 cc56e38ddd h).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:Jim Webb official 110th Congress photo (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|U.S. senator from [[Vermont]]<br /> <small>(2007–''present'')</small>
|61st<br />[[governor of Maryland]]<br /><small>(2007–2015)</small>
|[[Harvard Law School|Harvard Law professor]]<br /><small>(2009–2016)</small>
|74th<br />[[Governor of Rhode Island]]<br /><small>(2011–2015)</small>
|U.S. senator<br />from [[Virginia]]<br /><small>(2007–2013)</small>
|-
|[[File:Bernie Sanders 2016 logo.svg|alt=|center|120x120px]]
|[[File:O'Malley for President 2016 Logo.png|alt=|center|70x70px]]
|[[File:Lessig 2016.png|alt=|center|100x100px]]
|[[File:Chafee for President.png|alt=|center|135x135px]]
|[[File:Webb 2016.png|alt=|center|130x130px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|[[Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Martin O'Malley 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|[[Jim Webb 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|''{{abbr|LN|lost nomination}}: July 26, 2016''<br /><small>'''13,167,848''' votes</small>
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: February 1, 2016''<br /><small>110,423 votes</small>
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: November 2, 2015''<br /><small>4 write-in votes in New Hampshire</small>
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: October 23, 2015''<br /><small>0 votes</small>
|''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: October 20, 2015''<br /><small>2 write-in votes in New Hampshire</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=MJ|last2=Merica|first2=Dan|last3=Zeleny|first3=Jeff|title=Bernie Sanders endorses Hillary Clinton|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/politics/hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders/|access-date=November 3, 2017|agency=CNN|date=July 12, 2016}}</ref>
|<ref>Yglesias, Matthew (February 1, 2016) [https://www.vox.com/2016/2/1/10892184/omalley-drops-out "Iowa Results: Martin O'Malley drops out after third-place finish"], [[Vox (website)|Vox]].com. Retrieved February 1, 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-endorses-hillary-clinton-20160609-story.html |title=Martin O'Malley endorses Hillary Clinton |date=June 9, 2016 |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |last1=Fritze |first1=John |access-date=June 20, 2016 |archive-date=June 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614095405/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bal-martin-o-malley-endorses-hillary-clinton-20160609-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|<ref name="outofrace"/>
|<ref>Merica, Dan; LoBianco, Tom (October 23, 2015) [http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/23/politics/lincoln-chafee-2016-election-dnc-meeting/index.html "Lincoln Chafee drops out of Democratic primary race"], [[CNN]].com. Retrieved October 23, 2015</ref>
|<ref>Walsh, Michael (October 20, 2015) [https://www.yahoo.com/politics/jim-webb-plans-to-drop-out-of-democratic-primary-153500314.html "Jim Webb drops out of Democratic primary race"], [[Yahoo!]] Politics. Retrieved October 23, 2015.</ref>
|}

==== Vice presidential selection ====
{{Main|2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection}}

In April 2016, the Clinton campaign began to compile a list of 15 to 20 individuals to vet for the position of running mate, even though Sanders continued to challenge Clinton in the Democratic primaries.<ref name="phealy1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/24/us/politics/hillary-clinton-vice-president.html |title=Hillary Clinton's Campaign, Cautious but Confident, Begins Considering Running Mates |date=April 23, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Healy |first1=Patrick |access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref> In mid-June, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that Clinton's shortlist included Representative [[Xavier Becerra]] from California, Senator [[Cory Booker]] from [[New Jersey]], Senator [[Sherrod Brown]] from [[Ohio]], Housing and Urban Development Secretary [[Julian Castro|Julián Castro]] from [[Texas]], Mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Eric Garcetti]] from [[California]], Senator [[Tim Kaine]] from [[Virginia]], [[Labor Secretary]] [[Tom Perez]] from [[Maryland]], Representative [[Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)|Tim Ryan]] from Ohio, and Senator [[Elizabeth Warren]] from [[Massachusetts]].<ref name="matthewsvp">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes |title=Hillary Clinton's VP shortlist has leaked. Here are the pros and cons of each. |date=June 16, 2016 |publisher=[[Vox (website) | Vox]] |last1=Matthews |first1=Dylan |access-date=July 23, 2016}}</ref> Subsequent reports stated that Clinton was also considering Secretary of Agriculture [[Tom Vilsack]], retired Admiral [[James G. Stavridis|James Stavridis]], and Governor [[John Hickenlooper]] of Colorado.<ref name="gearan">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/two-names-emerge-from-clintons-vp-deliberations-kaine-and-vilsack/2016/07/19/62189146-4d2d-11e6-aa14-e0c1087f7583_story.html |title=Two names emerge from Clinton's VP deliberations: Kaine and Vilsack |date=July 19, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Gearan |first1=Anne |access-date=July 20, 2016}}</ref> In discussing her potential vice presidential choice, Clinton said the most important attribute she looked for was the ability and experience to immediately step into the role of president.<ref name="gearan"/>

On July 22, Clinton announced that she had chosen Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia as her running mate.<ref name="gearan3">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sen-timothy-m-kaine-of-virginia-chosen-as-hillary-clintons-vp/2016/07/22/8926ecce-4ed6-11e6-aa14-e0c1087f7583_story.html |title=Sen. Timothy M. Kaine of Virginia chosen as Hillary Clinton's VP |date=July 22, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last2=Wagner |first2=John |last1=Gearan |first1=Anne |access-date=July 23, 2016}}</ref> The delegates at the [[2016 Democratic National Convention]], which took place July 25–28, formally nominated the Democratic ticket.

=== Minor parties and independents===
[[File:Stein, Johnson signs 2016.jpg|thumb|right|Campaign signs of third-party candidates [[Jill Stein]] and [[Gary Johnson]], October 2016 in [[St. Johnsbury, Vermont]]]]

Third party and independent candidates who have obtained more than 100,000 votes nationally or on Ballot in at least 15 states are listed separately.

==== Libertarian Party ====
{{Main|Libertarian Party (United States)|2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries}}
{{Gary Johnson series}}
{{Bill Weld series}}
* '''[[Gary Johnson]]''', [[List of Governors of New Mexico|29th Governor of New Mexico]]. Vice-presidential nominee: '''[[Bill Weld]]''', [[List of Governors of Massachusetts|68th Governor of Massachusetts]]

:''Additional Party Endorsements: [[Independence Party of New York]]''

Ballot access to all 538 electoral votes

'''Nominees'''
{{Main|2 = Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign}}

{{Nominee Table
|party logo=Libertarian Disc.svg
|party=Libertarian
|header=2016 Libertarian Party ticket
|president=Gary Johnson
|vice president=Bill Weld
|top text color=black
|president portrait=Gary Johnson campaign portrait.jpg
|vp portrait=Bill Weld campaign portrait.jpg
|experience=[[List of Governors of New Mexico|29th]]<br />[[Governor of New Mexico]]<br /><small>(1995–2003)</small>
|vp experience=[[List of Governors of Massachusetts|68th]]<br />[[Governor of Massachusetts]]<br /><small>(1991–1997)</small>
|campaign=Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign
|campaign logo =Johnson Weld 2016.svg
|bottom color=#ffffbf
}}
{{clear}}

==== Green Party ====
{{Main|Green Party of the United States|2016 Green Party presidential primaries}}
{{Jill Stein series}}
* '''[[Jill Stein]]''', physician from [[Lexington, Massachusetts]]. Vice-presidential nominee: '''[[Ajamu Baraka]]''', activist from [[Washington, D.C.]]

Ballot access to 480 electoral votes (''522 with write-in''):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/02/new-hampshire-secretary-of-state-says-jill-stein-petition-is-valid/ |title=New Hampshire Secretary of State Says Jill Stein Petition is Valid |date=September 2, 2016 |publisher=ballot-access.org|access-date=September 2, 2016}}</ref>
[[:File:Green Party ballot access (2016).svg|map]]
* As write-in: <small>''Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina''<ref name="Green Party Ballot Access">{{cite web |url=http://www.gp.org/ballotaccess |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505231521/http://www.gp.org/ballotaccess |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |title=Ballot Access |publisher=gp.org|access-date=June 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/11/jill-stein-qualifies-for-write-in-status-in-north-carolina-no-other-write-in-presidential-candidate-does-so/ |title=Jill Stein Qualifies for Write-in Status in North Carolina; No Other Write-in Presidential Candidate Does So |work=[[Ballot Access News]] |access-date=August 20, 2016 |date=August 11, 2016 |first=Richard |last=Winger}}</ref></small>
* Ballot access lawsuit pending: <small>Oklahoma<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/10/rocky-de-la-fuente-and-jill-stein-file-oklahoma-ballot-access-case/ |title=Rocky De La Fuente and Jill Stein File Oklahoma Ballot Access Case |first=Richard |last=Winger |work=[[Ballot Access News]] |date=August 10, 2016 |access-date=September 10, 2016}}</ref></small>
* No ballot access: <small>Nevada, South Dakota<ref name="Green Party Ballot Access"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/01/nevada-green-party-loses-ballot-access-lawsuit/#comment-306033 |title=Nevada Green Party Loses Ballot Access Lawsuit |date=September 2016 |publisher=ballot-access.org|access-date=September 2, 2016}}</ref></small>

'''Nominees'''
{{Main|2 = Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign}}

{{Nominee Table
|party logo=Green Disc.svg
|party=Green
|header=2016 Green Party ticket
|president=Jill Stein
|vice president=Ajamu Baraka
|president portrait=Jill Stein by Gage Skidmore.jpg
|vp portrait=Ajamu Baraka at Oct 2016 Berkeley rally for Jill Stein - 4 (cropped) (cropped).jpg
|experience=Physician<br />from [[Lexington, Massachusetts]]
|vp experience=Activist<br />from [[Washington, D.C.]]
|campaign=Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign
|campaign logo =SteinBaraka.png
|campaign logo size=200px
|bottom color=#6BDE9D
}}
{{clear}}

==== Constitution Party ====
{{Main|Constitution Party of the United States|2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries}}
* '''Darrell Castle''', attorney from [[Memphis, Tennessee]]. Vice-presidential nominee: '''[[Scott Bradley (politician)|Scott Bradley]]''', businessman from [[Utah]]

Ballot access to 207 electoral votes (''451 with write-in''):<ref name="Constitution party ballot access">{{cite web |url=http://www.constitutionparty.com/get-involved/election-central/ballot-access/ |title=Ballot access {{!}} The Constitution Party |website=www.constitutionparty.com |date=February 9, 2015 |access-date=October 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ND2016-09-07">{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/09/07/north-dakota-says-all-three-independent-presidential-petitions-are-valid/ |date=September 7, 2016 |first=Richard |last=Winger |work=[[Ballot Access News]] |title=North Dakota Says All Three Independent Presidential Petitions are Valid |author-link=Richard Winger}}</ref>
[[:File:Constitution Party ballot access (2016).svg|map]]
* As write-in: <small>''Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia''<ref name="Constitution party ballot access"/><ref name="AZ">{{cite web |url=http://apps.azsos.gov/election/2016/General/home.htm |title=2016 Election Information |publisher=Arizona Secretary of State |website=azsos.gov |access-date=September 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="GA">{{cite web |url=http://elections.sos.ga.gov/GAElection/CandidateDetails |title=Qualifying Candidate Information |first=Brian |last=Kemp |publisher=Georgia Secretary of State |website=sos.ga.gov |date=September 12, 2016 |access-date=September 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MD">{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.state.md.us/elections/2016/general_candidates/gen_cand_lists_2016_4_001-.html |title=2016 Candidate Listing |publisher=Maryland State Board of Elections |website=elections.state.md.us |year=2016 |access-date=September 21, 2016}}</ref></small><ref name="VA">{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.virginia.gov/Files/CastYourBallot/CandidateList/CertifiedWrite-in-USPresVicePres2016.pdf |title=2016 Certification of Write-in Candidates—President and Vice President |publisher=Virginia Department of Elections |access-date=November 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029114815/http://www.elections.virginia.gov/Files/CastYourBallot/CandidateList/CertifiedWrite-in-USPresVicePres2016.pdf |archive-date=October 29, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* No ballot access: <small>California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma<ref name="Constitution party ballot access"/></small>

'''Nominees'''

{{Main|2 = Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign}}<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<big>'''[[Constitution Party (United States)|2016 Constitution Party ticket]]'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:purple; width:200px;"| {{color|white|Darrell Castle}}
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:purple; width:200px;"| [[Scott Bradley (politician)|{{color|white|Scott Bradley}}]]
|- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#A049AF;"
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:DCastle08.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| <!-- Do not use a placeholder image here, per WP:IPH -->
|-
| Attorney<br />from [[Memphis, Tennessee]]
| Businessman<br />from [[Utah]]
|-
| colspan=2 |'''[[Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]'''
|-
| colspan=2 |[[File:Castle 2016 logo, flat.png]]
|-
| colspan=2 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution Party Nominates Darrell Castle and Scott Bradley |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/04/16/constitution-party-nominates-darrell-castle/ |date=April 16, 2016 |access-date=August 23, 2016}}</ref>
|}

==== Independent ====
{{Main|Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign}}
* '''[[Evan McMullin]]''', chief policy director for the [[House Republican Conference]]. Vice-presidential nominee: '''[[Mindy Finn]]''', president of Empowered Women.
:''Additional Party Endorsement: [[Independence Party of Minnesota]], [[South Carolina Independence Party]]''

Ballot access to 84 electoral votes (''451 with write-in''):<ref name="McMullin states">{{cite web |last1=McMullin |first1=Evan |title=34 States and Counting |url=https://www.evanmcmullin.com/34_states_and_counting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002212433/https://www.evanmcmullin.com/34_states_and_counting |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |website=Evan McMullin for President |publisher=Rumpf, Sarah |access-date=October 2, 2016}}</ref>
[[:File:Evan McMullin ballot access (2016).svg|map]]
* As write-in: <small>''Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin''<ref name="McMullin states"/><ref name="CA">{{cite web |url=http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov//statewide-elections/2016-general/list-write-in-candidates.pdf |title=November 8, 2016, General Election Certified List of Write-In Candidates |date=October 28, 2016 |website=elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov |publisher=California Secretary of State |access-date=October 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="CT">{{cite web |url=http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/lib/sots/electionservices/lead_communications/2016/20161027114816968.pdf |title=Registered Write-In Candidates November 8, 2016 |date=October 28, 2016 |website=sots.ct.gov |publisher=Connecticut Secretary of State |access-date=October 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029050252/http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/lib/sots/electionservices/lead_communications/2016/20161027114816968.pdf |archive-date=October 29, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="KS">{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.ks.gov/elections/16elec/2016_General_Election-Write-In_Presidential_Candidates.pdf |title=2016 General Election Write-In Presidential Candidates |publisher=Kansas Secretary of State |website=sos.ks.gov |date=October 31, 2016 |access-date=November 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MO">{{cite magazine |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/31/missouri-secretary-of-state-releases-list-of-presidential-write-in-candidates/ |title=Missouri Secretary of State Releases List of Presidential Write-in Candidates |first=Richard |last=Winger |magazine=Ballot Access News |date=October 31, 2016 |access-date=November 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NY">{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/download/law/OfficialPresidentialWrite-Ins2016.pdf |title=Official Write-In Candidates for President |date=October 24, 2016 |website=www.elections.ny.gov |publisher=New York State Board of Elections |access-date=October 24, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025115417/https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/download/law/OfficialPresidentialWrite-Ins2016.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ND">{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/20/six-write-in-presidential-candidates-file-to-have-north-dakota-write-ins-counted/ |title=Six Write-in Presidential Candidates File to Have North Dakota Write-ins Counted |first=Richard |last=Winger |publisher=Ballot Access News |website=ballot-access.org |date=October 20, 2016 |access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref></small>
* No ballot access: <small>District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming</small>

In some states, Evan McMullin's running mate was listed as Nathan Johnson on the ballot rather than Mindy Finn, although Nathan Johnson was intended to only be a placeholder until an actual running mate was chosen.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Strauss |first1=Daniel |title=Whoops: Independent candidate appears to have accidentally picked a running mate |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/evan-mcmullin-running-mate-227803 |access-date=November 16, 2016 |work=[[Politico]] |date=September 7, 2016}}</ref>
<!-- To avoid "citation overkill" please post no more than THREE (3) citations per candidate -->
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big>'''2016 Independent ticket'''</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF5800; width:200px;"| [[Evan McMullin|{{color|white|Evan McMullin}}]]
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF5800; width:200px;"| [[Mindy Finn|{{color|white|Mindy Finn}}]]
|- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:orange;"
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President'''''
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President'''''
|-
| [[File:Evan McMullin 2016-10-21 headshot.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| [[File:Mindy Finn at CAP (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]]
|-
| Chief policy director for the <br />[[House Republican Conference]] <small>{{nowrap|(2015–2016)}}</small>
| President of<br />Empowered Women<br /><small>(2015–''present'')</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |'''[[Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign|Campaign]]'''
|-
| colspan=2 |[[File:EvanMcMullinMindyFinn2016.png|center|275px]]
|-
| colspan=2 |<ref name="BuzzFeed">{{cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/mckaycoppins/anti-trump-republican-launching-independent-presidential-bid |title=Anti-Trump Republican Launching Independent Presidential Bid |date=August 8, 2016 |publisher=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 8, 2016}}</ref>
|}

==== Other nominations ====
{{Main|Third-party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election}}
These candidates received at least 0.01% of the vote (13,667 votes).
<!-- Parties and candidates in this section have attained ballot lines in one or more states, but not for a majority of electoral votes. Individuals included in this section have either received the presidential nomination of a [[minor party]], or are running as an [[Independent politician|independent]] presidential candidate. -->
<!-- Please list only minor parties which have a standalone page on Wikipedia. -->
<!-- Please list presidential tickets in order of the number of electoral votes the party/candidate has ballot lines for. Keep common style, and do not advocate for or against individuals in this space. -->
<!-- Please provide at least ONE (1) reliable SECONDARY source per candidate before adding candidate(s) to this section. See [[Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources]] for guidelines on sourcing. -->
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!style="width:15em;"|Party
!Presidential nominee
!Vice presidential nominee
!style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"|Attainable electors<br />(''write-in'')
!style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number"|Popular vote
!style="width:18em;"|States with ballot access<br />(''write-in'')
|-
|[[Party for Socialism and Liberation]]<br />
[[Peace and Freedom Party|Peace and Freedom]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/08/13/peace-freedom-party-nominates-gloria-lariva-for-president/ |title=Peace & Freedom Party Nominates Gloria LaRiva for President |first=Richard |last=Winger |work=[[Ballot Access News]] |date=August 13, 2016 |access-date=August 13, 2016}}</ref><br />
[[Liberty Union Party]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/05/15/liberty-union-party-of-vermont-nominates-gloria-la-riva-for-president/ |title=Liberty Union Party of Vermont Nominates Gloria La Riva for President |last=Winger |first=Richard |date=May 15, 2016 |work=[[Ballot Access News]] |access-date=May 16, 2016}}</ref>
|[[Gloria La Riva]]<br />Newspaper printer and activist from [[California]]
|[[Eugene Puryear]]<br />Activist from [[Washington, D.C.]]
|112<br />(''226'')<br />[[:File:Gloria La Riva ballot access (2016).svg|map]]
|74,402<br />''(0.05%)''
|<small>California, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington<ref name="BAN others">{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/10/01/september-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition |title=September 2016 Ballot Access News Print Edition |first=Richard |last=Winger |website=ballot-access.org |volume=32 |number=4 |page=6 |date=September 1, 2016 |access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="FL">{{cite web |url=http://dos.elections.myflorida.com/candidates/canlist.asp |title=Candidate Listing |publisher=Florida Department of State, Division of Elections |website=elections.myflorida.com |year=2016 |access-date=September 13, 2016}}</ref><br />(''Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia'')<ref name="CT" /><ref name="KS" /><ref name="NY" /><ref name="MD" /><ref name="BAN write-in">{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/07/30/july-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |title=Ballot Access News |last=Winger |first=Richard |date=July 1, 2016 |website=ballot-access.org |page=4 |volume=32 |number=2 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |quote=States that allow write-ins in the general election, and don't have write-in filing laws, are legally obliged to count all write-ins: Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont{{nbsp}}... Only one state, South Carolina, has a law that says that although write-ins in general elections are permitted, they are not permitted for president.}}</ref><ref name="DE">{{cite web |url=http://elections.delaware.gov/pdfs/2016GeneralElectionDeclaredWriteInCandidates.pdf |title=Declared Write-In Candidates, November 8, 2016 General Election |year=2016 |website=elections.delaware.gov |publisher=Delaware Department of Elections |access-date=September 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OR write-in">{{cite web |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Oregon#Write-in_requirements |title=Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Oregon |website=ballotpedia.org |publisher=Ballotpedia |access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="WV">{{cite web|url=http://www.sos.wv.gov/elections/current/Documents/Write-In%20Candidate%20Listing.pdf|title=Write-In Candidate Listing|year=2016|website=sos.wv.gov|publisher=West Virginia Secretary of State|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910041646/http://www.sos.wv.gov/elections/current/Documents/Write-In%20Candidate%20Listing.pdf|archive-date=September 10, 2016|access-date=September 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MN write-in">{{cite web |url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G16/MN#P |title=Minnesota 2016 General Election |editor=Tony Roza |website=thegreenpapers.com |year=2016 |access-date=October 26, 2016}}</ref></small>
|-
|''Independent''
|[[Richard Duncan (American politician)|Richard Duncan]]<br />Real Estate Agent from [[Ohio]]
|[[Ricky Johnson]]<br />Preacher from [[Pennsylvania]]
|18<br />(''173'')
|24,307<br />''(0.02%)''
|<small>Ohio<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/mediaCenter/2016/2016-08-24.aspx |title=Husted Announces Independent Candidates for President and Vice President |first=Jon |last=Husted |publisher=Ohio Secretary of State |website=sos.state.oh.us |date=August 24, 2016 |access-date=September 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919062914/http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/mediaCenter/2016/2016-08-24.aspx |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />(''Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia'')<ref name="MD"/><ref name="BAN write-in"/><ref name="DE"/><ref name="IN">{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2016%20General%20Election%20Candidate%20Abbreviated%20List%2008%2022%2016.pdf |title=2016 General Election Candidate Abbreviated List |date=August 22, 2016 |website=www.in.gov |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State Election Division |access-date=October 11, 2016 |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012085247/http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2016%20General%20Election%20Candidate%20Abbreviated%20List%2008%2022%2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NE">{{cite web |url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G16/NE |title=Nebraska 2016 General Election |first=Tony |last=Roza |website=thegreenpapers.com |year=2016 |access-date=November 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OR write-in"/><ref name="WV"/><ref name="FL"/><ref name="MN write-in"/><ref name="ID write-in">{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/candidat/2016/16_General_WriteIn_List.pdf |title=2016 November General Write-In List |publisher=Idaho Secretary of State |website=sos.idaho.gov |date=October 11, 2016 |access-date=October 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MT">{{cite web |url=http://sos.mt.gov/Elections/Officials/Forms/documents/Write-In-State-Filed-Candidates-General.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929231248/http://sos.mt.gov/Elections/Officials/Forms/documents/Write-In-State-Filed-Candidates-General.pdf |archive-date=September 29, 2016 |title=2016 General Election Official State-Filed Write-In Candidates |first=Henry |last=Jorden |publisher=Montana Secretary of State |website=sos.mt.gov |date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="AK">{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.alaska.gov/election/2016/General/candidate_info_gen_2016.php |title=November 8, 2016 General Election Candidate List |website=elections.alaska.gov |publisher=State of Alaska Division of Elections |year=2016 |access-date=September 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021061643/http://www.elections.alaska.gov/election/2016/General/candidate_info_gen_2016.php |archive-date=October 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="KY">{{cite web |url=http://apps.sos.ky.gov/elections/candidatefilings/statewide/default.aspx?id=1 |title=Election Candidate Filings—President of the United States |website=apps.sos.ky.gov |access-date=October 5, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930035408/http://apps.sos.ky.gov/elections/candidatefilings/statewide/default.aspx?id=1 |archive-date=September 30, 2016 }}</ref></small>
|}

== General election campaign ==
[[File:2016 Presidential Election ballot.jpg|thumb|left|A general election ballot, listing the presidential and vice presidential candidates]]

=== Beliefs and policies of candidates ===
{{Main|Political positions of Donald Trump|Political positions of Hillary Clinton}}
Hillary Clinton focused her candidacy on several themes, including raising middle class incomes, expanding women's rights, instituting campaign finance reform, and improving the [[Affordable Care Act]]. In March 2016, she laid out a detailed economic plan basing her economic philosophy on [[inclusive capitalism]], which proposed a "clawback" that rescinds [[tax cut]]s and other benefits for companies that move jobs overseas; with provision of incentives for companies that share profits with employees, communities and the environment, rather than focusing on short-term profits to increase stock value and rewarding shareholders; as well as increasing [[collective bargaining]] rights; and placing an "exit tax" on companies that move their headquarters out of the U.S. in order to pay a lower tax rate overseas.<ref name="offersecplan">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/us/politics/hillary-clinton-offers-economic-plan-focused-on-jobs.html |title=Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs |first=Amy |last=Chozick |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Clinton promoted [[equal pay for equal work]] to address current alleged shortfalls in how much women are paid to do the same jobs men do,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hillary-clinton-equal-pay-problem-solving-would-be-top-priorities/ |title=Hillary Clinton: Equal pay, problem-solving would be top priorities |date=February 24, 2015 |work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> promoted explicitly focus on family issues and support of [[universal preschool]],<ref name="AP outset">{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/130dda61f1e24e05ba2233b3e80fa638/clinton-patches-relations-liberals-campaigns-outset |title=Clinton patches relations with liberals at campaign's outset |work=The Big Story |agency=Associated Press |first=Lisa |last=Lerder |date=April 19, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623162718/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/130dda61f1e24e05ba2233b3e80fa638/clinton-patches-relations-liberals-campaigns-outset |archive-date=June 23, 2015}}</ref> expressed support for the right to [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex marriage]],<ref name="AP outset" /> and proposed allowing [[Illegal immigration to the United States|undocumented immigrants]] to have a path to [[Citizenship of the United States|citizenship]] stating that it "{{bracket|i}}s at its heart a family issue."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chozick |first1=Amy |title=A Path to Citizenship, Clinton Says, 'Is at Its Heart a Family Issue' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/05/05/a-path-to-citizenship-clinton-says-is-at-its-heart-a-family-issue/ |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 5, 2015}}</ref>

Donald Trump's campaign drew heavily on his personal image, enhanced by his previous media exposure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2016/04/28/donald-trump-branding-power/ |title=Explaining Donald Trump's Massive Branding Power |author=Geoff, Colvin |date=April 28, 2016 |access-date=July 16, 2016 |work=[[Fortune_(magazine) | Fortune]]}}</ref> The primary slogan of the Trump campaign, extensively used on campaign merchandise, was [[Make America Great Again]]. The red baseball cap with the slogan emblazoned on the front became a symbol of the campaign and has been frequently donned by Trump and his supporters.<ref name="trumphats">{{cite web |last1=Mai-Duc |first1=Christine |title=Inside the Southern California factory that makes the Donald Trump hats |url=https://latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-trump-hats-cali-fame-carson-20151124-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=July 17, 2016 |date=November 12, 2015}}</ref> Trump's [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] positions—reported by ''[[The New Yorker]]'' to be [[Nativism (politics)|nativist]], [[Protectionism|protectionist]], and semi-[[Isolationism|isolationist]]—differ in many ways from [[Conservatism in the United States|traditional U.S. conservatism]].<ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |title=Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party |last=Cassidy |first=John |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=February 29, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2016 |quote=What is perhaps more surprising, at least to Washington-based conservatives, is how many Republicans are also embracing Trump's populist lines on ending free trade, protecting Social Security, and providing basic health care.}}</ref> He opposed many [[Free trade area|free trade deals]] and [[Peacekeeping|military interventionist policies]] that conservatives generally support, and opposed cuts in [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security benefits]]. Moreover, he has insisted that Washington is "broken" and can be fixed only by an outsider.<ref name="Politico915">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/09/trump-tea-party-populist-exposed-213111 |title=How Trump Exposed the Tea Party |work=[[Politico]] Magazine |date=September 3, 2015 |quote=For years the Republican elite has gotten away with promoting policies about trade and entitlements that are the exact opposites of the policies favored by much of their electoral base. Populist conservatives who want to end illegal immigration, tax the rich, protect Social Security and Medicare, and fight fewer foreign wars have been there all along. It's just that mainstream pundits and journalists, searching for a libertarian right more to their liking (and comprehension), refused to see them before the Summer of Trump.}}</ref><ref name="NYT032816">{{cite news |author1=Nicholas Confessore |title=How the G.O.P. Elite Lost Its Voters to Donald Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/28/us/politics/donald-trump-republican-voters.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 28, 2016 |access-date=March 28, 2016 |quote=While wages declined and workers grew anxious about retirement, Republicans offered an economic program still centered on tax cuts for the affluent and the curtailing of popular entitlements like Medicare and Social Security.}}</ref><ref name="WP032816a">{{cite news |author1=Greg Sargent |title=This one anecdote perfectly explains how Donald Trump is hijacking the GOP |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2016/03/28/this-one-anecdote-perfectly-explains-how-donald-trump-is-hijacking-the-gop/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 28, 2016 |access-date=March 29, 2016}}</ref> Support for Trump was high among working and middle-class white male voters with annual incomes of less than $50,000 and no [[Academic degree|college degree]].<ref name="NYT033016">{{cite news |author1=Thomas B. Edsall |title=Who Are the Angriest Republicans? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/opinion/campaign-stops/who-are-the-angriest-republicans.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 30, 2016 |access-date=March 30, 2016}}</ref> This group, particularly those without a [[High school diploma|high-school diploma]], suffered a decline in their income in recent years.<ref name="MJ01816">{{cite news |author1=Steve Rattner |author-link1=Steven Rattner |title=White, working class men back Trump, charts show |url=https://msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/white--working-class-men-back-trump--charts-show-598331459704 |access-date=March 25, 2016 |work=Morning Joe MNSBC |date=January 8, 2016 |format=video |quote=Steve Rattner breaks down the demographics of who is supporting Donald Trump and how these supporters are doing financially. Duration: 2:25}}</ref> According to ''The Washington Post'', support for Trump is higher in areas with a higher mortality rate for middle-aged white people.<ref name="WP03416">{{cite news |author1=Jeff Guo |title=Death predicts whether people vote for Donald Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/04/death-predicts-whether-people-vote-for-donald-trump/ |access-date=March 18, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 4, 2016 |quote=Even after controlling for these other factors, the middle-aged white death rate in a county was still a significant predictor of the share of votes that went to Trump}}</ref> A sample of interviews with more than 11,000 Republican-leaning respondents from August to December 2015 found that Trump at that time found his strongest support among Republicans in [[West Virginia]], followed by [[New York (state)|New York]], and then followed by six Southern states.<ref>Nate Cohn, [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/31/upshot/donald-trumps-strongest-supporters-a-certain-kind-of-democrat.html Donald Trump's Strongest Supporters: A Certain Kind of Democrat], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 31, 2015).</ref>

=== Media coverage ===
{{Main|Media coverage of the 2016 United States presidential election}}
Clinton had an uneasy—and, at times, adversarial—relationship with the press throughout her life in public service.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Glenn |last1=Thrush |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |title=What Is Hillary Clinton Afraid Of |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/hillary-clinton-media-105901.html |publisher=[[Politico]]o |date=May 2014 |access-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-date=August 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819060421/http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/hillary-clinton-media-105901.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Weeks before her official entry as a presidential candidate, Clinton attended a political press corps event, pledging to start fresh on what she described as a "complicated" relationship with political reporters.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Merica |title=Hillary Clinton seeks 'new beginning' with the press |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/23/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-election-press/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=March 24, 2015}}</ref> Clinton was initially criticized by the press for avoiding taking their questions,<ref name="NYT52215">{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |title=Hillary Clinton, Acutely Aware of Pitfalls, Avoids Press on Campaign Trail |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/23/us/politics/hillary-clinton-acutely-aware-of-pitfalls-avoids-press-on-campaign-trail.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 22, 2015 |quote=it makes all the political sense in the world for Mrs. Clinton to ignore them}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Waldman |title=Why Hillary Clinton needs to start treating the press better |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2015/06/02/why-hillary-clinton-needs-to-start-treating-the-press-better/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> after which she provided more interviews.

In contrast, Trump benefited from free media more than any other candidate. From the beginning of his campaign through February 2016, Trump received almost $2 billion in free media attention, twice the amount that Clinton received.<ref name="FreeMediaAdvantage">Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/upshot/measuring-donald-trumps-mammoth-advantage-in-free-media.html Measuring Donald Trump's Mammoth Advantage in Free Media], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 16, 2016).</ref> According to data from the ''[[Tyndall Report]]'', which tracks nightly news content, through February 2016, Trump alone accounted for more than a quarter of all 2016 election coverage on the evening newscasts of [[NBC Nightly News|NBC]], [[CBS Evening News|CBS]] and [[ABC World News|ABC]], more than all the Democratic campaigns combined.<ref>{{cite web |title=How much does Donald Trump dominate TV news coverage? This much |date=December 6, 2015 |url=https://money.cnn.com/2015/12/06/media/donald-trump-nightly-news-coverage/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tyndall |first1=Andrew |title=COMMENTS: Campaign 2016 Coverage: Annual Totals for 2015 |url=http://tyndallreport.com/comment/20/5773/ |access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Byers |first1=Dylan |title=Donald Trump: Media King, 2015 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/28/politics/trump-media-king/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> Observers noted Trump's ability to garner constant mainstream media coverage "almost at will."<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Walsh |first1=Kenneth |title=How Donald Trump's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=February 17, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225000859/http://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2015/12/31/how-donald-trumps-media-dominance-is-changing-the-2016-campaign |archive-date=February 25, 2016 }}</ref> However, Trump frequently criticized the media for writing what he alleged to be false stories about him<ref>{{cite web |title=43 Times Donald Trump Has Attacked The Media As A Presidential Candidate |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-has-attacked-the-media-many-many-times_us_56059e0de4b0af3706dc3cce |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=September 28, 2015 |access-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> and he has called upon his supporters to be "the [[silent majority]]."<ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/us/politics/donald-trump-defiantly-rallies-a-new-silent-majority-in-a-visit-to-arizona.html |title=Donald Trump Defiantly Rallies a New 'Silent Majority' in a Visit to Arizona |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 17, 2015 |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |date=July 11, 2015}}</ref> Trump also said the media "put false meaning into the words I say", and says he does not mind being criticized by the media as long as they are honest about it.<ref>Walsh, Kenneth. [https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt "Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt'"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916083614/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt |date=September 16, 2016}}, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' (August 15, 2016).</ref><ref>Koppel, Ted. [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/ "Trump: 'I feel I'm an honest person'"], ''[[CBS News]]'' (July 24, 2016).</ref>

=== Controversies ===
Both Clinton and Trump were seen unfavorably by the general public, and their controversial reputations set the tone of the campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president/clintontrumpfavorability.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Clinton & Trump: Favorability Ratings |website=[[Real Clear Politics]]|access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump with supporters (30354747180).jpg|thumb|Trump campaigns in [[Phoenix, Arizona]], October 29, 2016]]

Clinton's practice during her time as Secretary of State of [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|using a private email address and server]], in lieu of State Department servers, gained widespread public attention back in March 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/politics/using-private-email-hillary-clinton-thwarted-record-requests.html |title=Using Private Email, Hillary Clinton Thwarted Record Requests |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |last2=Chozick |first2=Amy |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 3, 2015}}</ref> Concerns were raised about security and preservation of emails, and the possibility that laws may have been violated.<ref name="wapo-email">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/state-department-reviewing-whether-clinton-e-mail-violated-security-rules/2015/03/05/16d1547e-c378-11e4-9271-610273846239_story.html |title=Clinton e-mail review could find security issues |last1=Leonnig |first1=Carol D. |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |last3=Gearan |first3=Anne |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 6, 2015}}</ref> After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question fell into this so-called "born classified" category, an FBI probe was initiated regarding how classified information was handled on the Clinton server.<ref name="Dilanian Feb 4">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/clinton-emails-held-indirect-references-undercover-cia-officers-n510741 |title=Clinton Emails Held Indirect References to Undercover CIA Officers |first=Ken |last=Dilanian |work=[[NBC News]] |date=February 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name=NYT8815>{{cite news |first1=Scott |last1=Shane |first2=Michael S. |last2=Schmidt |title=Hillary Clinton Emails Take Long Path to Controversy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/us/hillary-clinton-emails-take-long-path-to-controversy.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Cox |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/27/opinions/cox-clinton-email-controversy/ |title=Hillary Clinton email controversy: How serious is it? |date=July 27, 2015 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/04/how-did-top-secret-emails-end-up-on-hillary-clintons-server/ |title=How did 'top secret' emails end up on Hillary Clinton's server? |date=February 4, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
The FBI probe was concluded on July 5, 2016, with a recommendation of no charges, a recommendation that was followed by the Justice Department.

Also, on September 9, 2016, Clinton said: "You know, just to be grossly generalistic, you could put half of Trump's supporters into what I call the [[basket of deplorables]]. They're racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, Islamophobic—you name it."<ref name=npr-20160910>{{cite news |title=Hillary Clinton's 'Basket Of Deplorables,' In Full Context Of This Ugly Campaign |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/10/493427601/hillary-clintons-basket-of-deplorables-in-full-context-of-this-ugly-campaign |work=[[National Public Radio|NPR]] |first=Domenico |last=Montanaro |date=September 10, 2016 |quote=The remarks also remind of inflammatory remarks in recent presidential elections on both sides—from Barack Obama's assertion in 2008 that people in small towns are "bitter" and "cling to guns or religion," to Mitt Romney's 2012 statement that 47 percent of Americans vote for Democrats because they are "dependent upon government" and believe they are "victims," to his vice presidential pick Paul Ryan's comment that the country is divided between "makers and takers."}}</ref>
Donald Trump criticized her remark as insulting his supporters.<ref name=bloomberg-20160910>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-09-10/clinton-calls-trumps-supporters-basket-of-deplorables |title=Clinton Calls Some Trump Supporters 'Basket of Deplorables' |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |first=Jennifer |last=Epstein |date=September 10, 2016 |quote=Republican pollster Frank Luntz described Clinton's comments as her "47 percent moment," a reference to Republican Mitt Romney's remarks at a private fundraiser in the 2012 campaign.}}</ref><ref name=nyt-20160910>{{cite news |title=Hillary Clinton Calls Many Trump Backers 'Deplorables,' and GOP Pounces |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/us/politics/hillary-clinton-basket-of-deplorables.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Amy |last=Chozick |date=September 10, 2016 |quote=Prof. [[Jennifer Mercieca]], an expert in American political discourse at Texas A&M University, said in an email that the "deplorable" comment "sounds bad on the face of it" and compared it to Mr. Romney's 47 percent gaffe. "The comment demonstrates that she (like Romney) lacks empathy for that group," Professor Mercieca said.}}</ref> The following day Clinton expressed regret for saying "half", while insisting that Trump had deplorably amplified "hateful views and voices."<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Hillary Clinton Says She Regrets Part of Her 'Deplorables' Comment |url=http://time.com/4486601/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-basket-of-deplorables-half/ |magazine=Time |first=Katie |last=Reilly |date=September 10, 2016}}</ref> Previously on August 25, 2016, Clinton gave a speech criticizing Trump's campaign for using "racist lies" and allowing the [[alt-right]] to gain prominence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/us/politics/hillary-clinton-speech.html |title=Hillary Clinton Says 'Radical Fringe' Is Taking Over G.O.P. Under Donald Trump |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Matt |last=Flegenheimer |date=August 25, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Hillary Clinton Raleigh (29892054003).jpg|thumb|left|Clinton campaigns in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], October 22, 2016]]

On September 11, 2016, Clinton left a 9/11 memorial event early due to illness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/11/politics/hillary-clinton-health-2016-election/index.html|title=Hillary Clinton stumbles—will her campaign follow?|author=Stephen Collinson|website=[[CNN]]|date=September 12, 2016}}</ref> Video footage of Clinton's departure showed Clinton becoming unsteady on her feet and being helped into a van.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/hillary-clinton-has-pneumonia-doctor-says-228012|title=Press rips Clinton campaign's handling of health incident|first=Gabriel|last=Debenedetti|website=[[Politico]]|date=September 11, 2016 }}</ref> Later that evening, Clinton reassured reporters that she was "feeling great."<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-clinton-ceremony-idUSKCN11H0JM|title=Suffering from pneumonia, Clinton falls ill at 9/11 memorial,{{nbsp}}...|newspaper=[[Reuters]]|date=September 12, 2016|via=www.reuters.com|last1=Becker|first1=Amanda}}</ref> After initially stating that Clinton had become overheated at the event, her campaign later added that she had been diagnosed with [[pneumonia]] two days earlier.<ref name="auto1"/> The media criticized the Clinton campaign for a lack of transparency regarding Clinton's illness.<ref name="auto1"/> Clinton cancelled a planned trip to California due to her illness. The episode drew renewed public attention to questions about Clinton's health.<ref name="auto"/>

On the other side, on October 7, 2016, [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|video and accompanying audio]] were released by ''The Washington Post'' in which Trump referred obscenely to women in a 2005 conversation with [[Billy Bush]] while they were preparing to film an episode of ''[[Access Hollywood]]''. In the recording, Trump described his attempts to initiate a sexual relationship with a married woman and added that women would allow male celebrities to grope their genitalia (Trump used the phrase "grab 'em by the pussy"). The audio was met with a reaction of disbelief and disgust from the media.<ref>Cassidy, John, ''[https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/a-sexual-predator-in-the-republican-partys-midst A Sexual Predator in the Republican Party's Midst]'', The New Yorker, October 8, 2016.</ref><ref name="wp-lewd-conversation">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-recorded-having-extremely-lewd-conversation-about-women-in-2005/2016/10/07/3b9ce776-8cb4-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html |title=Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=October 7, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-10-07/2005-video-shows-donald-trump-saying-lewd-things-about-women |title=2005 Video Shows Donald Trump Saying Lewd Things About Women |access-date=October 7, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008100545/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-10-07/2005-video-shows-donald-trump-saying-lewd-things-about-women |archive-date=October 8, 2016 }}</ref> Following the revelation, Trump's campaign issued an apology, stating that the video was of a private conversation from "many years ago."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |title=Trump on hot mic: 'When you're a star{{nbsp}}... You can do anything' to women |website=[[NBC News]] |access-date=October 7, 2016}}</ref> The incident was condemned by numerous prominent Republicans like [[Reince Priebus]], [[Mitt Romney]], [[John Kasich]], [[Jeb Bush]]<ref name="BIHarrington">{{cite news |last1=Harrington |first1=Rebecca |title=RNC Chair Reince Priebus condemns Trump for obscene comments about women in 2005 video |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/reince-priebus-statement-trump-2005-video-women-2016-10 |date=October 7, 2016 |access-date=October 8, 2016 |website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> and the [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Paul Ryan]].<ref name=Lee>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-live-updates-trailguide-paul-ryan-disinvites-trump-to-campaign-1475889847-htmlstory.html |title=Speaker Paul Ryan disinvites Trump to his campaign event, says he's 'sickened' by tape |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 7, 2016 |access-date=October 7, 2016 |author=Lee, Kurtis}}</ref> Many believed the video had doomed Trump's chances for election. By October 8, several dozen Republicans had called for Trump to withdraw from the campaign and let Pence and [[Condoleezza Rice]] head the ticket.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/07/the-gops-brutal-responses-to-the-new-trump-video-broken-down/ |title=Here's the fast-growing list of Republicans calling for Donald Trump to drop out |last=Blake |first=Aaron |date=October 8, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=October 8, 2016}}</ref> Trump insisted he would never drop out, but apologized for his remarks.<ref name="Washington Post">{{cite news |last1=Costa |first1=Robert |title=Amid growing calls to drop out, Trump vows to 'never withdraw' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/amid-growing-calls-to-drop-out-trump-vows-to-never-withdraw/2016/10/08/8c0b5b7a-8d68-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html |access-date=October 8, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2016/10/08/trump-i-said-it-i-was-wrong-and-i-apologize|title=Trump: 'I Said It, I Was Wrong, And I Apologize.'|first=Olivia|last=Nuzzi|date=October 8, 2016|website=[[The Daily Beast]]}}</ref>

Donald Trump also delivered strong and controversial statements towards Muslims and Islam on the campaign trail, saying, "I think Islam hates us."<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Jenna |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/05/20/i-think-islam-hates-us-a-timeline-of-trumps-comments-about-islam-and-muslims/ |title='I think Islam hates us': A timeline of Trump's comments about Islam and Muslims |date=May 20, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 3, 2020|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> He was criticized and also supported for his statement at a rally declaring, "Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on."<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/07/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-immigration/index.html |title=Donald Trump: Ban all Muslim travel to U.S. |first=Jeremy |last=Diamond |date=December 7, 2015 |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=April 3, 2020}}</ref> Additionally, Trump announced that he would "look into" surveilling mosques, and mentioned potentially going after the families of [[Domestic terrorism in the United States|domestic terrorists]] in the wake of the [[2015 San Bernardino attack|San Bernardino shooting]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Jenna |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trumps-anti-muslim-rhetoric-plays-well-with-fans-but-horrifies-others/2016/02/29/477f73dc-de37-11e5-846c-10191d1fc4ec_story.html |title=Trump's rhetoric on Muslims plays well with fans, but horrifies others |date=February 29, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=April 3, 2020 }}</ref> His strong rhetoric towards Muslims resulted in leadership from both parties condemning his statements. However, many of his supporters shared their support for his proposed [[Trump travel ban|travel ban]], despite the backlash.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

Throughout the campaign, Trump indicated in interviews, speeches, and [[Donald Trump on Twitter|Twitter posts]] that he would refuse to recognize the outcome of the election if he was defeated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Golshan|first=Tara|date=2016-10-17|title=Donald Trump is going on a furious Twitter tirade about the "rigged" election|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/10/17/13304574/donald-trump-twitter-tirade-rigged-election|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[Vox (website) | Vox]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanders|first=Sam|date=2016-10-20|title=Donald Trump Says He'll Accept The Results Of The Election ... If He Wins|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498713509/donald-trump-says-hell-accept-the-results-of-the-election-if-he-wins|access-date=2021-06-18|newspaper=[[NPR]]|language=en}}</ref> Trump falsely stated that the election would be [[Electoral fraud|rigged]] against him.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-17|title=US election 2016: Trump says election 'rigged at polling places'|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37673797|access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Samuelsohn|first=Darren|date=2016-10-25|title=A guide to Donald Trump's 'rigged' election|url=https://politi.co/2Or7fyd|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[Politico]]|language=en}}</ref> During the final [[2016 United States presidential debates|presidential debate]] of 2016, Trump refused to tell [[Fox News]] anchor [[Chris Wallace]] whether or not he would accept the election results.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Rafferty|first1=Andrew|last2=Taintor|first2=David|date=2016-10-19|title=Trump Won't Say He'll Accept Election Results: 'I Will Keep You In Suspense'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-won-t-say-he-ll-accept-election-results-i-n669801|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en}}</ref> The rejection of election results by a major nominee would have been unprecedented at the time as no major presidential candidate had ever refused to accept the outcome of an election until Trump did so himself in the following [[2020 United States presidential election#Trump's refusal to concede|2020 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carroll|first=Lauren|date=2016-10-25|title=Is Trump the first-ever candidate not to say he'll accept election results?|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/oct/25/hillary-clinton/trump-first-ever-candidate-not-say-hell-accept-ele/|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[PolitiFact]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Melber|first=Ari|date=2016-11-08|title=What Happens if Trump Loses and Won't Concede?|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-election-day/what-happens-if-donald-trump-loses-won-t-concede-n679481|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en}}</ref>

The ongoing controversy of the election made third parties attract voters' attention. On March 3, 2016, Libertarian Gary Johnson addressed the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] in Washington, DC, touting himself as the third-party option for anti-Trump Republicans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4788104425001/gary-johnson-third-party-is-going-to-be-the-libertarian-party/#sp=show-clips |title=Gary Johnson: Third party is going to be the Libertarian Party |publisher=[[Fox Business]] |access-date=April 27, 2016}}</ref><ref name="SarlinAntiTrump">Benjy Sarlin, [https://msnbc.com/msnbc/anti-trump-forces-have-few-options-third-party-alternative Anti-Trump forces have few options for third party alternative], MSNBC (March 4, 2016): "'I am the third party,' former New Mexico Gov. Gary Johnson, the party's 2012 nominee, told conservative gathering CPAC on Thursday. 'The Libertarian Party will be on the ballot in all 50 states.'"</ref> In early May, some commentators opined that Johnson was moderate enough to pull votes away from both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump who were very disliked and polarizing.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rogers |first=Ed |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2016/05/11/who-is-gary-johnson/ |title=Who is Gary Johnson? |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 14, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2016}}</ref> Johnson also began to get time on national television, being invited on [[ABC News]], [[NBC News]], [[CBS News]], [[CNN]], [[Fox News]], [[MSNBC]], [[Bloomberg Television|Bloomberg]], and many other networks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Watkins |first=Eli |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/10/politics/gary-johnson-donald-trump-bernie-sanders/ |title=Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson: What Donald Trump says is 'ridiculous' |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=May 12, 2016}}</ref> In September and October 2016, Johnson suffered a "string of damaging stumbles when he has fielded questions about foreign affairs."<ref name="HabermanBurns">{{cite news |author1=Maggie Haberman |author2=Alexander Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/politics/gary-johnson-campaign.html |title=Gary Johnson Equates Syria Deaths Caused by Assad and West |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 5, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/10/07/gary-johnson-gives-a-foreign-policy-speech-and-chides-the-media-for-giving-him-pop-quizzes/ |title=Gary Johnson gives a foreign policy speech and chides the media for giving him pop quizzes |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 7, 2016 |quote=Johnson tried to put a string of foreign policy gaffes behind him on Friday{{nbsp}}...}}</ref> On September 8, Johnson, when he appeared on [[MSNBC]]'s ''[[Morning Joe]]'', was asked by panelist [[Mike Barnicle]], "What would you do, if you were elected, about [[Aleppo]]?" (referring to a [[Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)|war-torn city]] in [[Syria]]). Johnson responded, "And what is Aleppo?"<ref name="WhatIsAleppoCNN">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/08/politics/gary-johnson-aleppo/ |last=Wright |first=David |title=What is Aleppo? |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=September 9, 2016}}</ref> His response prompted widespread attention, much of it negative.<ref name="WhatIsAleppoCNN"/><ref name="WhatIsPolitico">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/gary-johnson-aleppo-227873 |work=[[Politico]] |title=Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson: 'What is Aleppo?' |first=Louis |last=Nelson |date=September 8, 2016 |access-date=September 11, 2016}}</ref> Later that day, Johnson said that he had "blanked" and that he did "understand the dynamics of the [[Syrian civil war|Syrian conflict]]—I talk about them every day."<ref name="WhatIsPolitico"/>

On the other hand, Green Party candidate [[Jill Stein]] said the Democratic and Republican parties are "two corporate parties" that have converged into one.<ref name="reddit">{{cite web |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/4ixbr5/i_am_jill_stein_green_party_candidate_for/d31zimt?context=3 |title=I am Jill Stein, Green Party candidate for President, AMA! • /r/IAmA |website=reddit|date=May 11, 2016 |access-date=July 19, 2016}}</ref> Concerned by the rise of the [[Far-right politics|far right]] internationally and the tendency towards [[neoliberalism]] within the Democratic Party, she has said, "The answer to [[neofascism]] is stopping neoliberalism. Putting another Clinton in the White House will fan the flames of this right-wing extremism."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.734445 |title=WATCH //Jill Stein: To stop Trump's neofascism, we must stop Clinton's neoliberalism |newspaper=Haaretz|access-date=July 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvAJ2WrJm3Q |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/JvAJ2WrJm3Q |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|title=Left Forum 2016, Is Sanders the Answer to Building Left and Black Power? |website=youtube |publisher=Open University of the Left|access-date=August 17, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In response to Johnson's growing poll numbers, the [[Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign|Clinton campaign]] and Democratic allies increased their criticism of Johnson in September 2016, warning that "a vote for a third party is a vote for Donald Trump" and deploying Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] (Clinton's former primary rival, who supported her in the general election) to win over voters who might be considering voting for Johnson or for Stein.<ref name="EasleyKamisar">{{cite web |author1=Jonathan Easley |author2=Ben Kamisar |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/298183-democrats-target-libertarian-ticket |title=Democrats target Libertarian ticket |date=September 28, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper) | The Hill]]}}</ref>

On October 28, eleven days before the election, [[FBI Director]] [[James Comey]] informed Congress that the FBI was analyzing additional Clinton emails obtained during its investigation of [[Anthony Weiner sexting scandals|an unrelated case]].<ref name="FbiAbedinEmails">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/28/politics/fbi-reviewing-new-emails-in-clinton-probe-director-tells-senate-judiciary-committee/ |title=Comey notified Congress of email probe despite DOJ concerns |last1=Perez |first1=Evan |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |date=October 29, 2016 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=October 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name="FbiAbedinEmails2">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/30/politics/clinton-emails-fbi-abedin/index.html |title=FBI discovered Clinton-related emails weeks ago |last1=Perez |first1=Evan |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |date=October 31, 2016 |work=[[CNN]][[CNN]] |access-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref> On November 6, he notified Congress that the new emails did not change the FBI's earlier conclusion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/fbi-completes-review-newly-revealed-hillary-clinton-emails-finds-no-n678701 |title=FBI finds no criminality in review of newly discovered Clinton emails |work=[[NBC News]] |date=November 6, 2016 |access-date=November 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/us/politics/hilary-clinton-male-voters-donald-trump.html |title=Emails Warrant No New Action Against Hillary Clinton, F.B.I. Director Says |date=November 6, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 6, 2016}}</ref>

=== Ballot access ===
{|class="wikitable"
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! rowspan="2"|Presidential ticket
! rowspan="2"|Party
! colspan="3"|[[Ballot access]]
! rowspan="2"|Votes<ref name=e2016/><ref name="LeipAtlas2016PrezResults">{{cite web |date=January 20, 2017 |title=2016 Presidential General Election Results (These results are slightly different from the official results.)|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?f=1&off=0&year=2016 |website=[[Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections]] |location=[[Newton, Massachusetts]] |access-date=November 29, 2022}}</ref>
! rowspan="2"|Percentage
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
!States
!Electors
!% of voters
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
|'''Trump / Pence'''
|'''Republican'''
|'''50 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]]'''
|'''538'''
|'''100%'''
|'''62,984,828'''
|'''46.09%'''
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
|'''Clinton / Kaine'''
|'''Democratic'''
|'''50 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]]'''
|'''538'''
|'''100%'''
|'''65,853,514'''
|'''48.18%'''
|-{{Party shading/Libertarian}}
|'''Johnson / Weld'''
|'''Libertarian'''
|'''50 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]]'''
|'''538'''
|'''100%'''
|'''4,489,341'''
|'''3.28%'''
|-{{Party shading/Green}}
|'''Stein / Baraka'''
|'''Green'''
|'''44 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]]'''
|'''480'''
|'''89%'''
|'''1,457,218'''
|'''1.07%'''
|-{{Party shading/Independent}}
|McMullin / Finn
|Independent
|11
|84
|15%
|731,991
|0.54%
|-{{Party shading/Constitution}}
|Castle / Bradley
|Constitution
|24
|207
|39%
|203,090
|0.15%
|}
* Candidates in '''bold''' were on ballots representing 270 electoral votes, without needing write-in states.
* All other candidates were on the ballots of fewer than 25 states, but had write-in access greater than 270.

=== Party conventions ===
{{Location map many | USA |left| width=400
| caption= Map of the locations of party conventions for presidential/vice-presidential candidacy nominations.
{{Legend|blue|Democratic Party}}
{{Legend|red|Republican Party}}
{{Legend|gold|Libertarian Party}}
{{Legend|green|Green Party}}
{{Legend|purple|Constitution Party}}
| alt=Map of United States showing Philadelphia, Cleveland, Orlando, and Houston
| mark1=blue pog.svg | mark1size=10 | lat1_deg=39.9500 | lon1_deg=-75.1667 | label1=Philadelphia | position1=bottom
| mark2=red pog.svg | mark2size=10 | lat2_deg=41.4822 | lon2_deg=-81.6697 | label2=Cleveland | position2=top
| mark3=gold pog.svg | mark3size=8 | lat3_deg=28.4158 | lon3_deg=-81.2989 | label3=Orlando | position3=top
| mark4=green pog.svg | mark4size=8 | lat4_deg=29.7199 | lon4_deg=-95.3773 | label4=Houston | position4=top
| mark5=purple pog.svg | mark5size=8 |lat5_deg=40.75 | lon5_deg=-111.883 | label5=Salt Lake City |position5=top
}} <!--1=Rep 2=Dem 3=Lib 4=Green 5=Constitution -->

; Republican Party
{{Main|2016 Republican National Convention}}
* July 18–21, 2016: Republican National Convention was held in [[Cleveland]], Ohio.<ref name="RNC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rnc-officially-approves-cleveland-as-2016-convention-host/ |date=August 8, 2014 |title=RNC officially approves Cleveland as 2016 convention host |work=[[CBS News]] |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Isenstadt |first=Alex |date=January 14, 2014 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/gop-convention-july-18-2016-114276.html |title=GOP convention set for July 18–21 in 2016 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref>

; Democratic Party
{{Main|2016 Democratic National Convention}}
* July 25–28, 2016: Democratic National Convention was held in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/02/12/democratic-convention-2016-host-city-philadelphia/22459811/ |title=Democrats pick Philadelphia for 2016 convention |work=[[USA Today]] |date=February 12, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |last1=Camia |first1=Catalina |first2=Martha A. |last2=Moore}}</ref>

; Libertarian Party
{{Main|2016 Libertarian National Convention}}
* May 26–30, 2016: Libertarian National Convention was held in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], Florida.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ballot-access.org/2014/06/libertarian-party-moves-into-national-party-headquarters-that-it-owns/ |title=Libertarian Party Moves into National Party Headquarters That it Owns |work=[[Ballot Access News]] |date=July 11, 2014 |access-date=July 11, 2014 |author=Winger, Richard |author-link=Richard Winger}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lp.org/files/July14-15%20Minutes-Final3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208055938/https://www.lp.org/files/July14-15%20Minutes-Final3.pdf |archive-date=February 8, 2016 |url-status=dead |title=Libertarian National Committee Minutes July 15–16, 2012 |publisher=[[Libertarian National Committee]] |access-date=July 11, 2014 |page=4}}</ref>

; Green Party
{{Main|2016 Green National Convention}}
* August 4–7, 2016: Green National Convention was held in [[Houston]], Texas.<ref>Winger, Richard (August 2, 2015) [http://ballot-access.org/2015/08/02/green-party-will-probably-hold-presidential-convention-in-houston/ "Green Party Will Hold Presidential Convention in Houston"], ''[[Ballot Access News]]''. Retrieved August 5, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gp.org/pnc-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510033733/http://www.gp.org/pnc-2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |title=Houston, We Have a Solution—Vote Green 2016 |work=Green Party of the United States |date=April 4, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2016}}</ref>

; Constitution Party
{{Main|2016 Constitution Party National Convention}}
* April 13–16, 2016: Constitution Party National Convention was held in [[Salt Lake City, Utah|Salt Lake City]], Utah.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mills |first1=Glen |title=The Constitution Party hosts national convention in Salt Lake City |url=http://www.good4utah.com/news/local-news/the-constitution-party-hosts-national-convention-in-salt-lake-city |website=Good4Utah.com |publisher=[[Nexstar Media Group]]|access-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726214019/http://www.good4utah.com/news/local-news/the-constitution-party-hosts-national-convention-in-salt-lake-city |archive-date=July 26, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Campaign finance ===
{{See also|Lobbying in the United States}}

[[Wall Street]] spent a record $2 billion trying to influence the 2016 United States presidential election.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wall Street spends record $2bn on US election lobbying |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5060844a-0420-11e7-ace0-1ce02ef0def9 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=March 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wall Street Spent $2 Billion Trying to Influence the 2016 Election |url=https://fortune.com/2017/03/08/wall-street-2016-election-spending/ |work=[[Fortune_(magazine) | Fortune]] |date=March 8, 2017}}</ref>

The following table is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to [[Federal Election Commission]] (FEC) and released in September 2016. Outside groups are [[independent expenditure]]-only committees—also called [[Political action committee|PACs and SuperPACs]]. <!-- Several such groups normally support each candidate, but the numbers in the table are a total of all of them. This means that a group of committees can be shown as [[Insolvency|technically insolvent]] (shown in red) even though it is not the case of all of them. The Campaign Committee's debt are shown in red if the campaign is technically insolvent. --> The sources of the numbers are the FEC and [[OpenSecrets]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Presidential Race |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/ |publisher=[[OpenSecrets]]}}</ref> Some spending totals are not available, due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline. {{as of|2016|September|df=US}}, ten candidates with ballot access have filed financial reports with the FEC.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:12px; text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Candidate
! colspan="4" |Campaign committee <small>(as of December 9)</small>
! colspan="3" |Outside groups <small>(as of December 9)</small>
! rowspan="2" |Total spent
|-
! Money raised
! Money spent
! Cash on hand
! Debt
! Money raised
! Money spent
! Cash on hand
|-
|data-sort-value="Trump, Donald" |[[Donald Trump]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00023864 |title=Summary data for Donald Trump, 2016 Cycle |work=opensecrets.org |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108204729/https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate?id=N00023864|archive-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P80001571/?cycle=2016&election_full=false#total-spent |title=TRUMP, DONALD J. / MICHAEL R. PENCE - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |website=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112042552/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P80001571/?cycle=2016&election_full=false|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$350,668,435
|$343,056,732
|$7,611,702
|$0
|$100,265,563
|$97,105,012
|$3,160,552
|'''$440,161,744'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Clinton, Hillary" |[[Hillary Clinton]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate?id=N00000019 |title=Summary data for Hillary Clinton, 2016 Cycle |work=opensecrets.org |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108115550/http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16//candidate?id=N00000019|archive-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P00003392/#total-spent |title=CLINTON, HILLARY RODHAM / TIMOTHY MICHAEL KAINE - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |website=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903090414/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P00003392/|archive-date=September 3, 2020}}</ref>
|$585,699,061
|$585,580,576
|$323,317
|$182
|$206,122,160
|$205,144,296 
|$977,864
|'''$790,724,872'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Johnson, Gary" |[[Gary Johnson]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00033226 |title=Summary data for Gary Johnson, 2016 Cycle |work=opensecrets.org |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108102246/https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate?id=N00033226|archive-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P20002671/#total-spent |title=JOHNSON, GARY / WILLIAM "BILL" WELD - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |website=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920184131/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P20002671/|archive-date=September 20, 2020}}</ref>
|$12,193,984
|$12,463,110
|$6,299
|$0
|$1,386,971
|$1,314,095
|$75,976
|'''$13,777,205'''
|-
|data-sort-value="De La Fuente, Rocky" |[[Rocky De La Fuente]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60016342/?cycle=2016&election_full=true|title=DE LA FUENTE, ROQUE ROCKY - Candidate overview|website=FEC.gov|language=en|access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112050241/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60016342/?cycle=2016&election_full=true|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$8,075,959
|$8,074,913
|$1,046
|$8,058,834
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$8,074,913'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Stein, Jill" |[[Jill Stein]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00033776 |title=Summary data for Jill Stein, 2016 Cycle |work=opensecrets.org |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108132119/https://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate?id=N00033776|archive-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P20003984/ |title=STEIN, JILL - Candidate overview|publisher=Federal Election Commission |website=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 11, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813003110/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P20003984/|archive-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>
|$11,240,359
|$11,275,899
|$105,132
|$87,740
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$11,275,899'''
|-
|data-sort-value="McMullin, Evan" |[[Evan McMullin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60022654/|title=MCMULLIN, EVAN / MINDY FINN - Candidate overview|publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112051232/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60022654/|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$1,644,102
|$1,642,165
|$1,937
|$644,913
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$1,642,165'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Castle, Darrell" |Darrell Castle<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60021102/ |title=CASTLE, DARRELL LANE - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112051556/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60021102/|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$72,264
|$68,063
|$4,200
|$4,902
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$68,063'''
|-
|data-sort-value="La Riva, Gloria" |[[Gloria La Riva]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P80005572/?cycle=2016&election_full=true |title=LA RIVA, GLORIA ESTELA - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721082243/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P80005572/?cycle=2016&election_full=true|archive-date=July 21, 2020}}</ref>
|$31,408
|$32,611
|$0
|$0
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$32,611'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Moorehead, Monica" |[[Monica Moorehead]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60004405/ |title=MOOREHEAD, MONICA GAIL - Candidate overview|publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112052129/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60004405/|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$14,313
|$15,355
|<!--leave this space to avoid table formatting breakage--> -$1,043
|<!--leave this space to avoid table formatting breakage--> -$5,500<ref group=upper-alpha>Debt owed ''to'' committee</ref>
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$15,355'''
|-
|data-sort-value="Skewes, Peter" |[[Peter Skewes]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60012960/ |title=SKEWES, PETER ALAN PH.D. - Candidate overview |publisher=Federal Election Commission |work=fec.gov |year=2016 |access-date=November 12, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112052402/https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/P60012960/|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>
|$8,216
|$8,216
|$0
|$4,000
|$0
|$0
|$0
|'''$8,216'''
|}
{{notelist-ua}}

=== Voting rights ===
The 2016 presidential election was the first in 50 years without all the protections of the original [[Voting Rights Act]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Berman |first1=Ari |website=The Nation |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/the-gops-attack-on-voting-rights-was-the-most-under-covered-story-of-2016/ |title=The GOP's Attack on Voting Rights Was the Most Under-Covered Story of 2016 |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214200203/https://www.thenation.com/article/the-gops-attack-on-voting-rights-was-the-most-under-covered-story-of-2016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fourteen states had [[Voter suppression in the United States#2016 presidential election|new voting restrictions in place]], including swing states such as Virginia and Wisconsin.<ref>{{cite web |website=Brennan Center for Justice |url=https://www.brennancenter.org/new-voting-restrictions-america |title=New Voting Restrictions in America}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |website=The Nation |title=Wisconsin's Voter-ID Law Suppressed 200,000 Votes in 2016 (Trump Won by 22,748); A new study shows how voter-ID laws decreased turnout among African-American and Democratic voters |date=May 9, 2017 |last1=Berman |first1=Ari |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/wisconsins-voter-id-law-suppressed-200000-votes-trump-won-by-23000/ |access-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-date=January 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115013709/https://www.thenation.com/article/wisconsins-voter-id-law-suppressed-200000-votes-trump-won-by-23000/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Green |first1=Matthew |website=[[KQED Inc.|KQED]] |url=https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/08/how-to-navigate-americas-perplexing-patchwork-of-voting-laws/ |title=MAP: States With New Voting Restrictions in Place for the 2016 Presidential Election |date=November 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Susan |website=U.S. News & World Report |title=I (Wish I) Voted: Recent changes to voting rights impact elections |date=April 1, 2016 |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2016-04-01/voting-restrictions-are-impacting-elections}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Berry |first1=Deborah Barfield |website=[[USA Today]] |date=January 29, 2016 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2016/01/29/new-state-voting-laws-face-first-presidential-election-test/79534420/ |title=New state voting laws face first presidential election test}}</ref>

=== Newspaper endorsements ===
{{Main|Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election}}

Clinton was endorsed by ''The New York Times'',<ref name=NYTboardx>{{cite news|last=Editorial Board |title=Hillary Clinton for President |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 24, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/25/opinion/sunday/hillary-clinton-for-president.html| access-date =September 24, 2016}}</ref> the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'',<ref name=hil-pol>{{cite news |title=LA Times endorses Clinton, bashes Trump |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=September 23, 2016 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/la-times-endorses-clinton-228566| access-date =September 24, 2016}}</ref> the ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'',<ref name=hil-hou>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/01/politics/houston-chronicle-hillary-clinton-endorsement/ |title=Hillary Clinton endorsed by Houston Chronicle, Trump 'danger to the Republic' |first=Naomi |last=Lim |work=[[CNN]] |date=August 1, 2016}}</ref> the ''[[San Jose Mercury News]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/10/21/editorial-hillary-clinton-for-president/ |title=Editorial: In battle for America's soul, Hillary Clinton is our pick |date=October 21, 2016 |work=The San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''<ref name=hil-cst>{{cite web |url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/opinion/editorial-vote-for-clinton-and-avert-a-train-wreck/ |title=Editorial: Vote for Clinton and avert a train wreck |work=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=September 30, 2016}}</ref> and the ''[[New York Daily News]]''<ref name=hil-nydn>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/daily-news-editorial-board-hillary-clinton-president-article-1.2730476 |title=Daily News Editorial Board says Vote Hillary Clinton: She's the best choice for President, while Donald Trump represents a clear and present danger to the republic |date=July 28, 2016 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York}}</ref> editorial boards. Several papers which endorsed Clinton, such as the ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'',<ref name=hil-hou /> ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'',<ref name=hil-dmn>{{cite news |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20160907-we-recommend-hillary-clinton-for-president.ece |title=We recommend Hillary Clinton for president |date=September 6, 2016 |work=The Dallas Morning News}}</ref> ''[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]'',<ref name=":UT">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/opinion/editorials/sd-hillary-clinton-endorsement-for-president-20160929-story.html |title=Endorsement Why Hillary Clinton is the safe choice for president |date=September 30, 2016 |work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]}}</ref> ''[[The Columbus Dispatch]]''<ref name=hil-cd>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/editorials/2016/10/09/1-editorial-for-president-trump-unfit-clinton-is-qualified.html |title=For president: Trump unfit, Clinton is qualified |work=The Columbus Dispatch|access-date=October 9, 2016 }}</ref> and ''[[The Arizona Republic]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/27/hillary-clinton-endorsement/91198668/|title=Endorsement: Hillary Clinton is the only choice to move America ahead |author=The Arizona Republic Editorial Board |date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> endorsed their first Democratic candidate for many decades. ''[[The Atlantic (magazine)|The Atlantic]]'', which has been in circulation since 1857, gave Clinton its third-ever endorsement (after [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Lyndon Johnson]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/11/the-case-for-hillary-clinton-and-against-donald-trump/501161/ |title=The Case for Hillary Clinton And Against Donald Trump |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=October 5, 2016}}</ref>

Trump, who frequently criticized the [[mainstream media]], was not endorsed by the vast majority of newspapers.<ref name=Trumpstrikes>{{cite news |last1=Diaz |first1=John |title=Trump strikes out on newspaper endorsements |url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/diaz/article/Trump-strikes-out-on-newspaper-endorsements-9952303.php |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=October 26, 2016 |date=October 7, 2016}}</ref><ref name=HodZeroEnd>{{cite web |last1=Hod |first1=Italy |title=Donald Trump Makes History With Zero Major Newspaper Endorsements |date=October 7, 2016 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tv/donald-trump-makes-history-zero-major-newspaper-endorsements-000943174.html |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] |access-date=October 26, 2016}}</ref> The ''[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]]'',<ref name=Tru-lvjr>{{cite web |title=Editorial:Donald Trump for president |url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-donald-trump-president |publisher=Las Vegas Journal-Review |access-date=October 26, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Florida Times-Union]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Editorial: Trump is the change agent America needs |url=http://jacksonville.com/opinion/2016-11-04/editorial-trump-change-agent-america-needs |website=jacksonville.com}}</ref> and the tabloid ''[[National Enquirer]]'' were his highest profile supporters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2016/05/09/trumps_tabloid_130505.html |last=Cannon |first=Carl |title=Trump's tabloid |work=RealClearPolitics.com |date=May 9, 2016 |access-date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> ''[[USA Today]]'', which had not endorsed any candidate since it was founded in 1982, broke tradition by giving an anti-endorsement against Trump, declaring him "unfit for the presidency."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-live-updates-trailguide-don-t-vote-for-trump-says-usa-today-1475192834-htmlstory.html |title=Campaign 2016 updates: Another newspaper that has long backed GOP candidates bucks Donald Trump |date=September 30, 2016 |via=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2016/09/29/dont-vote-for-donald-trump-editorial-board-editorials-debates/91295020/|title=USA TODAY's Editorial Board: Trump is 'unfit for the presidency'|author=The Editorial Board|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref>

Gary Johnson received endorsements from several major daily newspapers, including the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'',<ref>{{cite news |title=Editorial: A principled option for U.S. president: Endorsing Gary Johnson, Libertarian |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/editorials/ct-gary-johnson-president-endorsement-edit-1002-20160930-story.html |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=October 26, 2016 |date=September 30, 2016}}</ref> and the ''[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.richmond.com/opinion/editorial/editorial---gary-johnson-remains-the-best-choice-for-president-part-iv/article_4caf36d8-c948-519c-9d2c-1955ce8813e3.html|title=Editorial - Gary Johnson remains the best choice for president, part IV|access-date=June 11, 2020 |date=November 3, 2016}}</ref> Other traditionally Republican papers, including the ''[[New Hampshire Union Leader]]'', which had endorsed the Republican nominee in every election for the last 100 years,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/14/politics/gary-johnson-joe-mcquaid-union-leader-new-hampshire/ |title=Union Leader breaks with 100-year tradition, endorses Gary Johnson |first1=Daniella |last1=Diaz |first2=Cassie |last2=Spodak |work=[[CNN]] |date=September 14, 2016 |access-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> and ''[[The Detroit News]]'', which had not endorsed a non-Republican in its 143 years,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/editorials/2016/09/28/endorse-johnson-president/91254412/ |title=Endorsement: Libertarian Gary Johnson for president|access-date=October 6, 2016}}</ref> endorsed Gary Johnson.

== Involvement of other countries ==

=== Russian involvement ===
{{main|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Mueller report}}
On December 9, 2016, the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] issued an assessment to lawmakers in the US Senate, stating that a Russian entity hacked the DNC and [[John Podesta]]'s emails to assist Donald Trump. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] agreed.<ref name="WashPost12162016">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/clinton-blames-putins-personal-grudge-against-her-for-election-interference/2016/12/16/12f36250-c3be-11e6-8422-eac61c0ef74d_story.html |title=FBI in agreement with CIA that Russia aimed to help Trump win White House |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=December 21, 2016}}</ref> President [[Barack Obama]] ordered a "full review" into such possible intervention.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/09/us-election-hacking-russia-barack-obama-review |title=Barack Obama orders 'full review' of possible Russian hacking in US election |last=Washington |first=Spencer Ackerman David Smith in |date=December 9, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077|access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> Director of National Intelligence [[James R. Clapper]] in early January 2017 testified before a Senate committee that Russia's meddling in the 2016 presidential campaign went beyond hacking, and included disinformation and the dissemination of [[Fake news website|fake news]], often promoted on social media.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/top-us-cyber-officials-russia-poses-a-major-threat-to-the-countrys-infrastructure-and-networks/2017/01/05/36a60b42-d34c-11e6-9cb0-54ab630851e8_story.html |title=Top U.S. intelligence official: Russia meddled in election by hacking, spreading of propaganda |date=January 5, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Facebook revealed that during the 2016 United States presidential election, a Russian company funded by [[Yevgeny Prigozhin]], a Russian businessman with ties to [[Vladimir Putin]],<ref name="Prigozhin"/> had purchased advertisements on the website for US$100,000,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Facebook Says Russian Accounts Bought $100,000 in Ads During the 2016 Election |url=http://time.com/4930532/facebook-russian-accounts-2016-election/ |magazine=Time |date=September 6, 2017}}</ref> 25% of which were geographically targeted to the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cloud|first1=David S|last2=Pierson|first2=David|title=Facebook will provide ads bought by Russian company to congressional committees investigating Trump ties|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-facebook-russia-20170921-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=September 21, 2017}}</ref>

President-elect Trump originally called the report fabricated.<ref name="nyt-20161210">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/10/us/politics/trump-mocking-claim-that-russia-hacked-election-at-odds-with-gop.html |title=Trump, Mocking Claim That Russia Hacked Election, at Odds with G.O.P. |last=Sanger |first=David E. |date=December 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> [[Julian Assange]] said the Russian government was not the source of the documents.<ref name=wapo-20121609>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/obama-orders-review-of-russian-hacking-during-presidential-campaign/2016/12/09/31d6b300-be2a-11e6-94ac-3d324840106c_story.html |title=Secret CIA assessment says Russia was trying to help Trump win White House |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Entous |first1=Adam |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |last3=Miller |first3=Greg |date=December 9, 2016}}</ref> Days later, Trump said he could be convinced of the Russian hacking "if there is a unified presentation of evidence from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies."<ref name="WSJ12182016">{{cite web |author=Damian Paletta & Kate O'Keeffe |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/priebus-says-donald-trump-wants-fbi-view-on-russia-hacking-accusations-1482084741 |title=Donald Trump's Team Tones Down Skepticism on Russia Hacking Evidence |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=December 18, 2016}}</ref>

Several U.S. senators—including Republicans [[John McCain]], [[Richard Burr]], and [[Lindsey Graham]]—demanded a congressional investigation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/chuck-schumer-russia-investigation_us_584c1f4de4b0e05aded4329f |title=Chuck Schumer Calls For Investigation Into Russian Interference In The Election |last=Levine |first=Sam |date=December 10, 2016 |website=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> The [[Senate Intelligence Committee]] announced the scope of their [[:File:Joint Statement on Committee Inquiry into Russian Intelligence Activities.pdf|official inquiry]] on December 13, 2016, on a bipartisan basis; work began on January 24, 2017.<ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=January 24, 2017 |title= SSCI Statement on Inquiry into Russian Intelligence Activities after Committee Meeting Today |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/press/ssci-statement-inquiry-russian-intelligence-activities-after-committee-meeting-today|location=Washington |publisher= US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence|access-date=2020-08-11}}</ref>

A formal [[Mueller special counsel investigation|Special Counsel investigation]] headed by former FBI director [[Robert Mueller]] was initiated in May 2017 to uncover the detailed interference operations by Russia, and to determine whether any people associated with the Trump campaign were complicit in the Russian efforts. When questioned by [[Chuck Todd]] on ''[[Meet the Press]]'' on March 5, 2017, Clapper declared that intelligence investigations on Russian interference performed by the [[FBI]], [[CIA]], [[NSA]] and his [[ODNI]] office had found no evidence of collusion between the [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|Trump campaign]] and Russia.<ref name=todd-clapper>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/full-clapper-no-evidence-of-collusion-between-trump-and-russia-890509379597 |title=Full Clapper: 'No Evidence' of Collusion Between Trump and Russia |work=[[Meet the Press]] |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=March 5, 2017 |access-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> Mueller concluded his investigation on March 22, 2019, by submitting his report to Attorney General [[William Barr]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Special Counsel Mueller submits report to attorney general|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/special-counsel-mueller-submits-report-to-attorney-general-1463392323611|work=[[NBC News]]|date=March 22, 2019|access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref>

On March 24, 2019, Barr submitted [[Barr letter|a letter]] describing Mueller's conclusions,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/402973302/Letter |title=Letter |website=Scribd |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/24/attorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html |title=Trump did not collude with Russia, says Mueller, and is cleared of obstruction by the attorney general |last=Kimball |first=Jacob Pramuk, Spencer |date=March 24, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> and on April 18, 2019, a redacted version of the [[Mueller report]] was released to the public. It concluded that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election did occur "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and "violated U.S. criminal law."<ref name="NPRcongress">{{Cite news |last1=Inskeep |first1=Steve |last2=Detrow |first2=Scott |last3=Johnson |first3=Carrie |last4=Davis |first4=Susan |last5=Greene |first5=David |title=Redacted Mueller Report Released; Congress, Trump React |newspaper=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/18/714667960/redacted-mueller-report-is-released |publisher=[[NPR]] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Yale>{{Cite web |title=The Mueller Report |url=https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/mueller-report |work=YaleGlobal Online |date=May 19, 2021 |publisher=[[MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies]]}}</ref>

The first method detailed in the final report was the usage of the [[Internet Research Agency]], waging "a social media campaign that favored presidential candidate Donald J. Trump and disparaged presidential candidate Hillary Clinton."<ref name=AFPpoints>{{Cite news |title=Main points of Mueller report |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |access-date=April 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archive-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> The Internet Research Agency also sought to "provoke and amplify political and social discord in the United States."<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Shane |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |last3=Timberg |first3=Craig |title=Through email leaks and propaganda, Russians sought to elect Trump, Mueller finds |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/through-email-leaks-and-propaganda-russians-sought-to-elect-trump-mueller-finds/2019/04/18/109ddf74-571b-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html |date=April 18, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>

The second method of Russian interference saw the Russian intelligence service, the [[GRU (G.U.)|GRU]], hacking into email accounts owned by volunteers and employees of the Clinton presidential campaign, including that of campaign chairman John Podesta, and also hacking into "the computer networks of the [[Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee]] (DCCC) and the [[Democratic National Committee]] (DNC)."<ref name="MuellerGRUhack">''[https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf Mueller Report]'', vol. I, p. 4: At the same time that the IRA operation began to focus on supporting candidate Trump in early 2016, the Russian government employed a second form of interference: cyber intrusions (hacking) and releases of hacked materials damaging to the Clinton Campaign. The Russian intelligence service known as the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Army (GRU) carried out these operations. In March 2016, the GRU began hacking the email accounts of Clinton Campaign volunteers and employees, including campaign chairman John Podesta. In April 2016, the GRU hacked into the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC). The GRU stole hundreds of thousands of documents from the compromised email accounts and networks. Around the time that the DNC announced in mid-June 2016 the Russian government's role in hacking its network, the GRU began disseminating stolen materials through the fictitious online personas "DCLeaks" and "Guccifer 2.0." The GRU later released additional materials through the organization WikiLeaks.</ref> As a result, the GRU obtained hundreds of thousands of hacked documents, and the GRU proceeded by arranging releases of damaging hacked material via the WikiLeaks organization and also GRU's personas "[[DCLeaks]]" and "[[Guccifer 2.0]]."<ref name="InterceptAnnotate">{{Cite web |last1=Mackey |first1=Robert |last2=Risen |first2=James |last3=Aaronson |first3=Trevor |title=Annotating special counsel Robert Mueller's redacted report |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/04/18/annotating-special-counsel-robert-muellers-redacted-report/ |work=[[The Intercept]] |date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ExaminerRussia">{{Cite web |last1=Dunleavy |first1=Jerry |title=Mueller says Russia's GRU stole Clinton, DNC emails and gave them to WikiLeaks |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/mueller-says-russias-gru-stole-clinton-dnc-emails-and-gave-them-to-wikileaks |work=[[Washington Examiner]] |date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>
To establish whether a crime was committed by members of the Trump campaign with regard to Russian interference, the special counsel's investigators "applied the framework of [[Conspiracy (criminal)|conspiracy law]]", and not the concept of "collusion", because collusion "is not a specific offense or theory of liability found in the United States Code, nor is it a term of art in federal criminal law."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Morais |first1=Betsy |title=Collusion by any other name |url=https://www.cjr.org/first_person/trump-mueller-collusion.php |date=April 18, 2019 |work=[[Columbia Journalism Review]] |access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>''[https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf Mueller Report]'', vol. I, p. 2: In evaluating whether evidence about the collective action of multiple individuals constituted a crime, we applied the framework of conspiracy law, not the concept of "collusion." In so doing, the Office recognized that the word "collud[e]" was used in communications with the Acting Attorney General confirming certain aspects of the investigation's scope and that the term has frequently been invoked in public reporting about the investigation. But collusion is not a specific offense or theory of liability found in the United States Code, nor is it a term of art in federal criminal law. For those reasons, the Office's focus in analyzing questions of joint criminal liability was on conspiracy as defined in federal law.</ref> They also investigated if members of the Trump campaign "coordinated" with Russia, using the definition of "coordination" as having "an agreement—tacit or express—between the Trump campaign and the Russian government on election interference." Investigators further elaborated that merely having "two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests" was not enough to establish coordination.<!-- ref name=NYTcompare/ --><ref>''[https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf Mueller Report]'', vol. I, p. 2: In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question of whether members of the Trump Campaign "coordinat[ed]"—a term that appears in the appointment order—with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, "coordination" does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement—tacit or express—between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities.</ref>

The Mueller report writes that the investigation "identified numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", found that Russia "perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency" and that the 2016 Trump presidential campaign "expected it would benefit electorally" from Russian hacking efforts. Ultimately, "the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities."<ref name="GlobeGraphic">{{Cite web |last1=Ostriker |first1=Rebecca |last2=Puzzanghera |first2=Jim |last3=Finucane |first3=Martin |last4=Datar |first4=Saurabh |last5=Uraizee |first5=Irfan |last6=Garvin |first6=Patrick |title=What the Mueller report says about Trump and more |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/03/mueller-report/ |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name="TIMErelease">{{cite magazine |last1=Law |first1=Tara |title=Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report |url=http://time.com/5567077/mueller-report-release/ |magazine=Time |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref>

However, investigators had an incomplete picture of what had really occurred during the 2016 campaign, due to some associates of Trump campaign providing either false, incomplete or declined testimony, as well as having deleted, unsaved or encrypted communications. As such, the Mueller report "cannot rule out the possibility" that information then unavailable to investigators would have presented different findings.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yen |first1=Hope |title=AP Fact Check: Trump, Barr distort Mueller report findings |date=May 2019 |url=https://apnews.com/article/f9c0ab20229140f18ea34e1f15a9f597/ |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=May 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lemon |first1=Jason |title=Trump campaign figures deleted communications before Mueller could see them, potentially altering report |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-campaign-deleted-communications-mueller-altering-report-1400558 |website=[[Newsweek]] |date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> In March 2020, the US Justice Department dropped its prosecution of two Russian firms linked to interference in the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justice Department dropping case against Russian firms indicted in Mueller inquiry |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-17/feds-dropping-case-for-2-russian-companies-in-troll-probe |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=March 17, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Prigozhin">{{cite news |title=DOJ abruptly drops once-heralded prosecution of Russian troll farm initiated by Mueller |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/doj-drops-once-heralded-prosecution-of-russian-troll-farm |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=March 16, 2020}}</ref>

=== Other countries ===
{{see also|Foreign electoral intervention}}

Special Council [[Robert Mueller]] also investigated the Trump campaign's alleged ties to [[Saudi Arabia]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Turkey]], [[Qatar]], [[Israel]], and [[China]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Keating |author-link=Joshua Keating |title=It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Report: Saudis, UAE funnelled millions to Trump 2016 campaign |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/report-saudis-uae-funnelled-millions-trump-2016-campaign-200225162254067.html |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=February 25, 2020}}</ref> According to ''The Times of Israel'', Trump's longtime confidant [[Roger Stone]] "was in contact with one or more apparently well-connected Israelis at the height of the 2016 US presidential campaign, one of whom warned Stone that Trump was 'going to be defeated unless we intervene' and promised 'we have critical intell[sic].{{' "}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Redacted FBI document hints at Israeli efforts to help Trump in 2016 campaign |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/redacted-fbi-document-hints-at-israeli-efforts-to-help-trump-in-2016-campaign/ |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date= April 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Roger Stone search warrants reveal new clues — and mysteries — about 2016 |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/28/roger-stone-search-warrants-assange-219908 |work=[[Politico]] |date=April 28, 2020}}</ref>

The Justice Department accused [[George Nader (businessman)|George Nader]] of providing $3.5 million in illicit campaign donations to Hillary Clinton before the elections and to Trump after he won the elections. According to ''The New York Times'', this was an attempt by the government of [[United Arab Emirates]] to influence the election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/05/us/politics/indictment-uae-influence.html|title=Indictment Details How Emirates Sought Influence in 2016 Campaign |date=December 5, 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] }}</ref>

In December 2018, a Ukrainian court ruled that prosecutors in Ukraine had meddled in the 2016 election by releasing damaging information on Trump campaign chairman [[Paul Manafort]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/12/world/europe/ukraine-paul-manafort.html |title=Ukraine Court Rules Manafort Disclosure Caused 'Meddling' in U.S. Election |last=Kramaer |first=Andrew E. |date=November 12, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] }}</ref>

''Voice of America'' reported in April 2020 that "U.S. intelligence agencies concluded the [[Chinese cyberwarfare|Chinese hackers]] meddled in both the 2016 and 2018 elections."<ref>{{cite news |title=China, Caught Meddling in Past Two US Elections, Claims 'Not Interested' in 2020 Vote |url=https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/china-caught-meddling-past-two-us-elections-claims-not-interested-2020-vote |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=April 30, 2020}}</ref>

In July 2021, the US federal prosecutors accused Trump's former adviser [[Tom Barrack]] for being an unregistered foreign lobbying agent for the United Arab Emirates during the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tom-barrack-trump-ally-uae_n_60f71c96e4b0158a5edaad5e?dp|title=Trump Ally Tom Barrack Charged With Secretly Working For UAE|access-date=July 20, 2021|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=July 20, 2021}}</ref> In 2022, Barrack was found not guilty on all charges.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hays |first1=Tom |title=Trump ally Tom Barrack acquitted of foreign agent charges |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2022-11-04/trump-ally-tom-barrack-acquitted-of-foreign-agent-charges |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |agency=The Associated Press |date=November 4, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable expressions, phrases, and statements ==
{{See also|List of political slogans}}
<!--[[Birdie Sanders]] redirects to this section. Fix the broken link at redirect if this section's title is modified.-->
'''By Trump and Republicans:'''
* '''"Because you'd be in jail"''': Off the cuff quip by Donald Trump during the second presidential debate, in rebuttal to Clinton stating it was "awfully good someone with the temperament of Donald Trump is not in charge of the law in our country."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Louis |title=Conway walks back Trump's threat to jail Clinton, calling it a 'quip' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/trump-jail-clinton-quip-229531 |website=[[Politico]] |publisher=POLITICO LLC |access-date=12 November 2020 |language=en |date=10 October 2016 |quote=Trump repeated his pledge that, if elected, he would instruct his attorney general to appoint a special prosecutor to examine Clinton's email practices, to which Clinton replied that "it's just awfully good that someone with the temperament of Donald Trump is not in charge of the law in our country." "Because you would be in jail," Trump shot back.}}</ref>
* '''"Big-league"''': A word used by Donald Trump most notably during the [[2016 United States presidential debates#First presidential debate (Hofstra University)|first presidential debate]], misheard by many as ''bigly'', when he said, "I'm going to cut taxes big-league, and you're going to raise taxes big-league."<ref name=DailyCal/><ref>
{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/303226-trump-ends-debate-on-bigly-big-league |title=Trump ends debate on 'bigly' vs. 'big league' |last=Hensch |first=Mark |date=October 28, 2016 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper) | The Hill]] }}</ref>
* '''"[[Build the Wall|Build the wall]]"''': A chant used at many Trump campaign rallies, and Donald Trump's corresponding promise of the [[Mexico–United States barrier|Mexican Border Wall]].<ref name=DailyCal/>
* '''"[[Drain the swamp]]"''': A phrase Donald Trump invoked late in the campaign to describe what needs to be done to fix problems in the federal government. Trump acknowledged that the phrase was suggested to him, and he was initially skeptical about using it.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trump explains why he 'didn't like' the phrase 'drain the swamp' but now does|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/politics/trump-explains-why-he-didnt-like-the-expression-drain-the-swamp-but-now-does/2016/10/26/4a2f257a-9be0-11e6-b552-b1f85e484086_video.html|date=October 26, 2016|access-date=April 3, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
* '''"[[Grab 'em by the pussy]]"''': A remark made by Trump during a 2005 behind-the-scenes interview with presenter [[Billy Bush]] on [[NBCUniversal]]'s ''[[Access Hollywood]]'', which was released during the campaign. The remark was part of a conversation in which Trump boasted that "when you're a star, they let you do it."
* '''"I like people who weren't captured"''': Donald Trump's criticism of Senator [[John McCain]], who was held as a [[U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War|prisoner of war]] by [[North Vietnam]] during the [[Vietnam War]].<ref name=CrazyQuotes>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/crazy-quotes-2016-campaign-trail-216157 |title=The 21 craziest quotes from the campaign trail |last=Gass |first=Nick |date=November 25, 2015 |website=[[Politico]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/16-memorable-quotes-2016-campaign-trail |title=16 Memorable Quotes from the 2016 Campaign Trail |date=December 21, 2015 |website=PBS |access-date=January 24, 2019 |archive-date=February 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215010502/https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/16-memorable-quotes-2016-campaign-trail |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''"Lock her up"''': A chant first used at the [[2016 Republican National Convention|Republican convention]] to claim that Hillary Clinton was guilty of a crime. The chant was later used at many Trump campaign rallies and even against other female politicians critical of Trump, such as Michigan Governor [[Gretchen Whitmer]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/11/22/a-brief-history-of-the-lock-her-up-chant-as-it-looks-like-trump-might-not-even-try/|date=November 22, 2016|first=Peter|last=Stevenson|title=A brief history of the 'Lock her up!' chant by Trump supporters against Clinton|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/18/gretchen-whitmer-donald-trump-rally-lock-her-up-michigan|title=Gretchen Whitmer: Trump 'inciting domestic terrorism' with 'Lock her up!' rally chant|work=[[The Guardian]]|last=Pengelly|first=Martin|date=October 18, 2020|access-date=October 18, 2020}}</ref>
* '''"[[Make America Great Again]]"''': Donald Trump's campaign slogan.
* '''"Mexico will pay for it"''': Trump's campaign promise that if elected he will build [[Mexico–United States barrier|a wall on the border between the US and Mexico]], with Mexico financing the project.<ref>{{cite news|title='Build that wall' has taken on a life of its own at Donald Trump's rallies—but he's still serious|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 12, 2016|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/02/12/build-that-wall-has-taken-on-a-life-of-its-own-at-donald-trumps-rallies-but-hes-still-serious/|first=Jenna|last=Johnson}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/trump-mexico-will-pay-for-wall-227621|date=September 1, 2016|title=Trump insists after meeting: 'Mexico will pay for the wall!'|publisher=[[Politico]]|first=Nick|last=Gass}}</ref>
* '''[[List of nicknames used by Donald Trump|Nicknames used by Trump to deride his opponents]]''': These include "Crooked Hillary", "Little Marco", "Low-energy Jeb", and "Lyin' Ted."
* '''"Russia, if you're listening"''': Used by Donald Trump to invite Russia to "find the 30,000 emails that are missing" (from Hillary Clinton) during a [[Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016 – election day)#20160727|July 2016 news conference]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trumps-russia-if-youre-listening-remark-one-year-ago-today-still-dogging-him |title=Trump's 'Russia, if you're listening' remark one year ago today still dogging him |last=Diaz |first=Alex |date=July 27, 2017 |publisher=[[Fox News]] }}</ref>
* '''"[[Nasty woman|Such a nasty woman]]"''': Donald Trump's response to Hillary Clinton after her saying that her proposed rise in [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] contributions would also include Trump's Social Security contributions, "assuming he can't figure out how to get out of it."<ref name=DailyCal/> Later [[reappropriated]] by supporters of Clinton<ref>{{cite web |title=#MemeOfTheWeek: Nasty Woman, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton And Janet Jackson |date=October 20, 2016 |author=Sanders, Sam |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498729702/-memeoftheweek-nasty-woman-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-janet-jackson |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Goldman, Nate |date=October 20, 2016 |title=Presenting The Best Memes Of The Third Presidential Debate |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/10/best-memes-third-presidential-debate/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=How Pepe the Frog and Nasty Woman Are Shaping the Election |author=Williams, Alex |date=October 28, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/30/style/know-your-meme-pepe-the-frog-nasty-woman-presidential-election.html}}</ref> and [[liberal feminist]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title='Nasty': A Feminist History|date=October 12, 2016|author=Garber, Megan|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/10/nasty-a-feminist-history/504815/|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nasty Women|date=November 1, 2016|author=Jones, Ann|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/entry/nasty-women_us_5818b1fee4b0990edc338747|work=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=[[The Guardian]]|title='This is just the beginning': women who marched against Trump vow to fight on|author=Siddiqui, Sabrina|author2=Gambino, Lauren|author3=Redden, Molly|author4=Walters, Joanna|date=January 22, 2017|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/21/womens-march-what-next-donald-trump}}</ref>
* '''"They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people"''': Donald Trump's controversial description of those crossing the [[Mexico–United States border]] during the June 2015 launch of his campaign.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full text: Donald Trump announces a presidential bid |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 16, 2015 |access-date=March 9, 2019}}</ref>
* '''"What the hell do you have to lose?"''': Said by Donald Trump to inner-city African Americans at rallies starting on August 19, 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=LoBianco|first1=Tom|last2=Killough|first2=Ashley|title=Trump pitches black voters: "What the hell do you have to lose?"|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/19/politics/donald-trump-african-american-voters/index.html|access-date=May 9, 2018|work=[[CNN]]|date=August 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gass|first1=Nick|title=Trump defends telling black voters "what do you have to lose?"|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/trump-what-have-you-got-to-lose-228462|access-date=May 9, 2018|work=[[Politico]]|date=September 21, 2016|quote="Then one day I said, 'what do you have to lose?' I mean what do you have to lose? I'm going to fix it. What do you have to lose?" Trump said. "And somehow that resonated."}}</ref>

'''By Clinton and Democrats:'''
* '''"[[Basket of deplorables]]"''': A controversial phrase coined by Hillary Clinton to describe half of those who support Trump.
* '''"I'm with her"''': Clinton's unofficial campaign slogan ("Stronger Together" was the official slogan).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fastcodesign.com/90109190/the-story-behind-im-with-her|title=The Story Behind "I'm With Her"|date=April 11, 2017|first=Meg|last=Miller}}</ref>
* '''"What, like with a cloth or something?"''': Said by Hillary Clinton in response to being asked whether she "[[Lost television broadcast#Wiping|wiped]]" [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|her emails]] during an August 2015 press conference.<ref name=CrazyQuotes/>
* '''"Why aren't I 50 points ahead?"''': Question asked by Hillary Clinton during a video address to the [[Laborers' International Union of North America]] on September 21, 2016, which was then turned into an opposition ad by the Trump campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/21/clinton-asks-why-she-isnt-beating-trump-by-50-points/ |title=Clinton asks why she isn't beating Trump by 50 points |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=John |last=Wagner |date=September 21, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://adage.com/article/campaign-trail/clinton-i-50-points-ahead-trump-ad/306114/ |title=Clinton: Why aren't I 50 points ahead? New Trump ad: Uh, here's why |work=[[AdAge]] |first=Simon |last=Dumenco |date=September 30, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>
* '''"When they go low, we go high"''': Said by then-first lady [[Michelle Obama]] during her [[2016 Democratic National Convention|Democratic convention]] [[2016 Democratic National Convention#Michelle Obama|speech]].<ref name=DailyCal>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailycal.org/2016/11/08/16-memorable-quotes-2016-presidential-election/ |title=20 memorable quotes from 2016 presidential election |last=Follett |first=Taylor |date=November 8, 2016 |website=The Daily Californian }}</ref> This was later inverted by [[Eric Holder]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/10/politics/eric-holder-republicans-when-they-go-low/index.html|title=Eric Holder on Republicans: 'When they go low, we kick them'|first=Dan|last=Merica|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=October 10, 2018|access-date=December 12, 2019}}</ref>
* '''"Feel the Bern"''': A phrase chanted by supporters of the [[Bernie Sanders]] [[Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign|campaign]] which was officially adopted by his campaign.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/4213999/bernie-sanders-feel-the-bern-hashtag-origin/|title=Here's the Origin Story of Bernie Sanders' 'Feel the Bern' Hashtag|magazine=Time|access-date=February 12, 2018|date=February 9, 2018}}</ref>
* '''[[Pokémon Go]] to the polls''': A phrase coined by Hillary to encourage young people to go to the polls.<ref>{{cite news|title=Remember When Hillary Joked About 'Pokémon Go to the Polls'?|url=https://www.thecut.com/2020/11/hillary-clinton-pokemon-go-to-the-polls-sexism.html|publisher=[[New York Magazine]]|date=November 2, 2020|first= Kelly| last= Conaboy}}</ref>

== Debates ==

=== Primary election ===
{{Main|2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums|2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums|2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums|2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums}}

=== General election ===
{{Main|2016 United States presidential debates}}
{{Location map+
| USA
| width = 320
| caption = Sites of the 2016 general election debates
| alt = Map of United States showing debate locations
| places =
 {{Location map~ | USA
 | label = '''Hofstra University<br />Hempstead, NY'''
 | label_size = 75
 | position = top
 | lat_deg = 40.712167
 | lon_deg = -73.599529
 }}
 {{Location map~ | USA
 | label = '''Longwood University<br />Farmville, VA'''
 | mark = Green pog.svg
 | label_size = 75
 | position = bottom
 | lat_deg = 37.301556
 | lon_deg = -78.394194
 }}
 {{Location map~ | USA
 | label = '''Washington University in St. Louis''', MO
 | label_size = 75
 | position = top
 | lat_deg = 38.648
 | lon_deg = -90.305
 }}
 {{Location map~ | USA
 | label = '''University of Nevada<br />Las Vegas'''
 | label_size = 75
 | position = bottom
 | lat_deg = 36.10779
 | lon_deg = -115.14376
 }}
}}

The [[Commission on Presidential Debates]] (CPD), a non-profit organization, hosted [[United States presidential election debates|debates]] between qualifying presidential and vice-presidential candidates. According to the commission's website, to be eligible to opt to participate in the anticipated debates, "in addition to being Constitutionally eligible, candidates must appear on a sufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical chance of winning a majority vote in the Electoral College, and have a level of support of at least 15 percent of the national electorate as determined by five selected national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly-reported results at the time of the determination."<ref>[http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=overview "The Commission on Presidential Debates: An Overview"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926232716/http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=overview |date=September 26, 2016 }}, Debates.org.</ref>

The three locations ([[Hofstra University]], [[Washington University in St. Louis]], [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]) chosen to host the presidential debates, and the one location ([[Longwood University]]) selected to host the vice presidential debate, were announced on September 23, 2015. The site of the first debate was originally designated as [[Wright State University]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]]; however, due to rising costs and security concerns, the debate was moved to [[Hofstra University]] in [[Hempstead, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/wright-state-university-set-to-make-major-debate-a/nr2Jw/ |title=Hofstra University offers debate spots for WSU students |work=[[Dayton Daily News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304003848/http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/hofstra-university-offers-debate-spots-for-wsu-students/kuGdjGPbiU3iKsXQsQFg5I/ |archive-date=2017-03-04 |date=July 19, 2016 |access-date=July 21, 2016 |author=Hulsey, Lynn}}</ref>

On August 19, [[Kellyanne Conway]], Trump's campaign manager confirmed that Trump would participate in a series of three debates.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Flores |first1=Reena |title=Campaign manager: Trump will attend all three presidential debates |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/campaign-manager-kellyanne-conway-trump-will-attend-all-three-presidential-debates/ |work=[[CBS News]] |date=August 19, 2016 |access-date=August 19, 2016}}</ref><ref name=CPD>{{cite web |url=http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=2016debates |title=CPD Announces 2016 Debate Host Applicants |publisher=[[Commission on Presidential Debates]] |access-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403010620/http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=2016debates |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanchez |first1=Stephen M. |title=Three Texas Locations Vie For 2016 Presidential Debates |url=http://www.satxdailynews.com/national-politics/three-texas-locations-vie-for-2016-presidential-debates/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403202820/http://www.satxdailynews.com/national-politics/three-texas-locations-vie-for-2016-presidential-debates/ |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |website=San Antonio Daily News |access-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="CPD decision">{{cite web |title=Commission on Presidential Debates announces sites and dates for 2016 general election debates |url=http://www.debates.org/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=57&cntnt01origid=15&cntnt01detailtemplate=newspage&cntnt01returnid=80 |publisher=Commission on Presidential Debates |access-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018233608/http://debates.org/index.php?mact=News,cntnt01,detail,0&cntnt01articleid=57&cntnt01origid=15&cntnt01detailtemplate=newspage&cntnt01returnid=80 |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Trump had complained two of the scheduled debates, one on September 26 and the other October 9, would have to compete for viewers with [[National Football League]] games, referencing the similar complaints made regarding [[Democratic Party presidential debates and forums, 2016#Dates with low expected ratings|the dates with low expected ratings]] during the [[Democratic Party presidential debates and forums, 2016|Democratic Party presidential debates]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-debate-schedule-226464 |title=Trump wants three presidential debates, accuses Clinton of rigging schedule |work=[[Politico]] |date=July 29, 2016 |access-date=July 30, 2016 |last=Lima |first=Cristiano}}</ref>

There were also debates between independent candidates.

{| class="wikitable" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;"
|+ Debates among candidates for the 2016 U.S. presidential election
|- <sup>†</sup>
|-
!No.|| Date || Time || Host || City || Moderator(s) || Participants
!Viewership
(millions)
|-
|P1
| September 26, 2016
| 9:00&nbsp;p.m. EDT
| [[Hofstra University]]
| [[Hempstead (village), New York|Hempstead, New York]]
| [[Lester Holt]]
|[[Donald Trump]]<br />[[Hillary Clinton]]
|84.0<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.debates.org/debate-history/2016-debates/|title=CPD: 2016 Debates|website=www.debates.org|access-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|VP
| October 4, 2016
| 9:00&nbsp;p.m. EDT
| [[Longwood University]]
| [[Farmville, Virginia]]
| [[Elaine Quijano]]
|[[Mike Pence]]<br />[[Tim Kaine]]
|37.0<ref name=":7"/>
|-
|P2
| October 9, 2016
| 8:00&nbsp;p.m. CDT
| [[Washington University in St. Louis]]
| [[St. Louis, Missouri]]
| [[Anderson Cooper]]<br />[[Martha Raddatz]]
|[[Donald Trump]]<br />[[Hillary Clinton]]
|66.5<ref name=":7"/>
|-
|P3
| October 19, 2016
| 6:00&nbsp;p.m. PDT
| [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]
| [[Las Vegas, Nevada]]
| [[Chris Wallace (journalist)|Chris Wallace]]
|[[Donald Trump]]<br />[[Hillary Clinton]]
|71.6<ref name=":7"/>
|}

== Results ==
[[File:Barack Obama casts an early vote in the 2016 election (cropped).jpg|thumb|President [[Barack Obama]] casting his vote [[Early voting#United States|early]] in [[Chicago]] on October 7, 2016]]

=== Election night and the next day ===
The news media and election experts were surprised at Trump's winning the Electoral College. On the eve of the vote, spread betting firm [[Spreadex]] had Clinton at an Electoral College spread of 307–322 against Trump's 216–231.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 November 2016|title=US Presidential Election 2016 Preview, Tuesday 8th November 2016|url=https://www.spreadex.com/financials/market-analysis/financial-trading-blog/us-presidential-election-2016-preview-tuesday-8th-november-2016/|access-date=2020-08-13|website=www.spreadex.com}}</ref> The final polls showed a lead by Clinton and in the end she did receive more votes.<ref>Fred Andrew Wright and Alec Aidan Wright, "How Surprising Was Trump's Victory? Notes on Predictions in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election" (January 16, 2017). {{SSRN|2900394}}</ref> Trump himself expected, based on polling, to lose the election, and rented a small hotel ballroom to make a brief concession speech, later remarking: "I said if we're going to lose I don't want a big ballroom."<ref name="bloomberg20161213">{{cite news |last1=Jacobs |first1=Jennifer |last2=House |first2=Billy |title=Trump Says He Expected to Lose Election Because of Poll Results |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-12-14/trump-says-he-expected-to-lose-election-because-of-poll-results |agency=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |date=December 14, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref> Trump performed surprisingly well in all [[Swing state|battleground states]], especially [[Florida]], [[Iowa]], [[Ohio]], and [[North Carolina]]. Even [[Wisconsin]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Michigan]], states that had been predicted to vote Democratic, were won by Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://kansaspublicradio.org/blog/kpr-web-operations/live-coverage-election-night-2016?post=the-path-is-open-for-trump-72 |title=Live Coverage: Election Night 2016 |date=November 8, 2016 |newspaper=Kansas Public Radio|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref>

According to the authors of ''[[Shattered: Inside Hillary Clinton's Doomed Campaign]]'', the White House had concluded by late Tuesday night that Trump would win the election. Obama's political director [[David Simas]] called Clinton campaign manager [[Robby Mook]] to persuade Clinton to concede the election, with no success. Obama then called Clinton directly, citing the importance of continuity of government, to ask her to publicly acknowledge that Trump had won.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Allen | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = Parnes | first2 = Amie | chapter = "I'm sorry" | chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=QqvNDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT409 | title = Shattered: inside Hillary Clinton's doomed campaign | publisher = Crown | location = New York | year = 2017 | isbn = 9780553447095 }}</ref> Believing that Clinton was still unwilling to concede, the president then called her campaign chair [[John Podesta]], but the call to Clinton had likely already persuaded her.<ref name="press20170424">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljkg-cRGfZo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/ljkg-cRGfZo |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|title=Inside Hillary Clinton's Hotel Room on Election Night 2016 |date=April 24, 2017 |last=Press |first=Bill |publisher=[[YouTube]] |others=Peter Ogburn, Amie Parnes, Jonathan Allen |time=1:45}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The Associated Press called Pennsylvania for Trump at 1:35AM EST, putting Trump at 267 electoral votes. By 2:01AM EST, they called both Maine and Nebraska's second congressional districts for Trump, putting him at 269 electoral votes, making it impossible for Clinton to reach 270. One minute after this, John Podesta told Hillary Clinton's victory party in New York the election was too close to call. At 2:29AM, the Associated Press called Wisconsin, and the election, for Trump, giving him 279 electoral votes. By 2:37AM, Clinton had called Trump to concede the election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP Definitive Source {{!}} Calling the presidential race state by state |url=https://blog.ap.org/behind-the-news/calling-the-presidential-race-state-by-state%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=blog.ap.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/06/hillary-clinton-what-happened-book-excerpts-242372|title=Clinton shares how it felt calling Trump to concede|website=[[Politico]]|date=September 6, 2017 }}</ref>

On Wednesday morning at 2:30&nbsp;a.m. [[Eastern Time]] (ET), it was reported that Trump had secured Wisconsin's 10 electoral votes, giving him a majority of the 538 electors in the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]], enough to make him the [[president-elect of the United States]],<ref name="McCarthyPhipps2016">{{cite news |author1 = Ciara McCarthy |author2 = Claire Phipps |title = Election results timeline: how the night unfolded |url = https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/08/presidential-election-updates-trump-clinton-news |newspaper =[[The Guardian]] |date = November 9, 2016 |access-date = October 29, 2018}}</ref> and Trump gave his victory speech at 2:50 a.m.<ref name="McCarthyPhipps2016"/>

Later that day, Clinton asked her supporters to accept the result and hoped that Trump would be "a successful president for all Americans."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/us/politics/donald-trump-won-now-what.html |title=Highlights of Hillary Clinton's Concession Speech and President Obama's Remarks |last1=Rappeport |first1=Alan |date=November 9, 2016 |last2=Burns |first2=Alexander |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref> In his speech, Trump appealed for unity, saying "it is time for us to come together as one united people", and praised Clinton as someone who was owed "a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/us/politics/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-president.html |title=Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment |last1=Flegenheimer |first1=Matt |date=November 9, 2016 |last2=Barbaro |first2=Michael |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref>

=== Statistical analysis ===
The 2016 election was the fifth and most recent presidential election in which the [[List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|winning candidate lost the popular vote]].<ref name=e2016/><ref name=trumped/> Six states plus a portion of Maine that Obama won in 2012 switched to Trump (Electoral College votes in parentheses): Florida (29), Pennsylvania (20), Ohio (18), Michigan (16), Wisconsin (10), Iowa (6), and Maine's second congressional district (1). Initially, Trump won exactly 100 more Electoral College votes than Mitt Romney had in 2012, with two lost to [[faithless electors]] in the final tally. Thirty-nine states swung more Republican compared to the previous presidential election, while eleven states and the District of Columbia swung more Democratic.<ref name="LeipAtlas2016PrezResults"/> Based on [[United States Census Bureau]] estimates of the voting age population (VAP), turnout of voters casting a vote for president was nearly 1% higher than in 2012. Examining overall turnout in the [[2016 United States elections|2016 election]], University of Florida [[Michael P. McDonald|Michael McDonald]] estimated that 138.8 million Americans cast a ballot. Considering a VAP of 250.6 million people and a voting-eligible population (VEP) of 230.6 million people, this is a turnout rate of 55.4% VAP and 60.2% VEP.<ref name="US Elections Project">{{citation |url=http://www.electproject.org/2016g |title=2016 November General Election Turnout Rates |work=[[United States Elections Project]] |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref> Based on this estimate, voter turnout was up compared to 2012 (54.1% VAP) but down compared to 2008 (57.4% VAP). An FEC report of the election recorded an official total of 136.7 million votes cast for President—more than any prior election.<ref name=" turnout"/> 

By losing New York, Trump became the fourth and most recent victorious candidate to lose his home state, which also occurred in 1844, 1916, and 1968. And along with [[James Polk]] in 1844, Trump is one of two victorious presidential nominees to win without either their home state or birth state (in this case, both were New York). Data scientist Hamdan Azhar noted the paradoxes of the 2016 outcome, saying that "chief among them [was] the discrepancy between the popular vote, which Hillary Clinton won by 2.8 million votes, and the electoral college, where Trump won 304-227." He said Trump outperformed Mitt Romney's 2012 results, while Clinton only just matched Barack Obama's 2012 totals. Hamdan also said Trump was "the highest vote earner of any Republican candidate ever," exceeding [[George W. Bush]]'s 62.04 million votes in 2004, though neither reached Clinton's 65.9 million, nor Obama's 69.5 million votes in 2008. He concluded, with help from ''The Cook Political Report'', that the election hinged not on Clinton's large 2.8 million overall vote margin over Trump, but rather on about 78,000 votes from only three counties in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan.<ref name="AzharForbes12292016">{{cite news |last=Azhar |first=Hamdan |date=December 29, 2016 |title=2016 Vs. 2012: How Trump's Win And Clinton's Votes Stack Up To Romney And Obama |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2016/12/29/2016-vs-2012-how-trumps-win-and-clintons-votes-stack-up-to-obama-and-romney |work=[[Forbes]] |location=New York City |access-date=February 4, 2018}}</ref>

This is the first and only election since 1988 in which the Republican nominee won the states of Michigan and Pennsylvania, and the first since 1984 in which they won Wisconsin. It was the first time since 1988 that the Republicans won Maine's second congressional district and the first time since George W. Bush's victory in New Hampshire in 2000 that they won any electoral votes in the Northeast. The 2016 election marked the eighth consecutive presidential election where the victorious [[Two-party system#United States|major party]] nominee did not receive a [[List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin|popular vote majority by a double-digit margin]] over the losing major party nominee(s), with the sequence of presidential elections from [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]] through 2016 surpassing the sequence from [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]] through [[1900 United States presidential election|1900]] to become the longest sequence of such presidential elections in U.S. history.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chinni|first=Dante|title=Are close presidential elections the new normal?|date=December 6, 2020|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/meet-the-press/are-close-presidential-elections-new-normal-n1250147|access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Williams 2012 pp. 1539–1570">{{cite journal|last=Williams|first=Norman R.|title=Why the National Popular Vote Compact is Unconstitutional|year=2012|journal=[[BYU Law Review]]|publisher=[[J. Reuben Clark Law School]]|volume=2012|issue=5|pages=1539–1570|url=https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2686&context=lawreview|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> It was also the sixth presidential election in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state; the others have been in [[1860 United States presidential election|1860]], [[1904 United States presidential election|1904]], [[1920 United States presidential election|1920]], [[1940 United States presidential election|1940]], and [[1944 United States presidential election|1944]].

Trump was the first president with neither prior public service nor military experience. This election was the first since 1908 where neither candidate was currently serving in public office. This was the first election since 1980 where a Republican was elected without carrying every former Confederate state in the process, as Trump lost Virginia in this election.{{efn|In 1980, Democrat Jimmy Carter carried his home state of Georgia despite losing the election.}} Trump became the only Republican to earn more than 300 electoral votes since the 1988 election and the only Republican to win a Northeastern state since George W. Bush won New Hampshire in 2000. This was the first time since 1976 that a Republican presidential candidate lost a pledged vote via a faithless elector and additionally, this was the first time since 1972 that the winning presidential candidate lost an electoral vote. With ballot access to the entire national electorate, Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27%), the highest nationwide vote share for a third-party candidate since Ross Perot in 1996, while Stein received almost 1.45 million votes (1.06%), the most for a Green nominee since Ralph Nader in 2000. Johnson received the highest share of the vote for a Libertarian nominee since Ed Clark in 1980.<ref name="Third-Party-Share">{{Cite news|last=Coleman|first=J. Miles|title=Why 2020's Third Party Share Should Be Lower Than 2016|date=May 14, 2020|work=Sabato's Crystal Ball|url=https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/why-2020s-third-party-share-should-be-lower-than-2016/|access-date=May 28, 2023}}</ref>

Independent candidate Evan McMullin, who appeared on the ballot in eleven states, received over 732,000 votes (0.53%). He won 21.4% of the vote in his home state of Utah, the highest share of the vote for a third-party candidate in any state since 1992. Despite dropping out of the election following his defeat in the Democratic primary, Senator Bernie Sanders received 5.7% of the vote in his home state of Vermont, the highest write-in draft campaign percentage for a presidential candidate in American history. Johnson and McMullin were the first third-party candidates since Nader to receive at least 5% of the vote in one or more states, with Johnson crossing the mark in nine states and McMullin crossing it in two.<ref name="Third-Party-Share"/> This marked the first time that split occurred since Maine began awarding electoral votes based on congressional districts in 1972, and the first time the state split its electoral vote since 1828. Trump became the oldest non-incumbent candidate elected president, besting Ronald Reagan in 1980, although this would be surpassed by Joe Biden in the next election.

=== Electoral results ===
{{See also|Third party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election}}
<!-- This table is sorted by pledged electors first (that is, ignoring faithless electors), then by popular vote among candidates with 0 pledged electors. -->
{{start U.S. presidential ticket box|pv_footnote=<ref name=e2016/>|ev_footnote=<ref name=e2016/>}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan|name=[[Donald Trump]]|party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|state=[[New York (state)|New York]]|pv= 62,984,828 |pv_pct= 46.09% |ev-projected=306|ev=304 (306)|vp_count=1|vp_name=[[Mike Pence]]|vp_party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|vp_state=[[Indiana]]|vp_ev=304}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan|name=[[Hillary Clinton]]|party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|state=[[New York (state)|New York]]|pv= 65,853,514 |pv_pct= 48.18% |ev-projected=232|ev=227 (232)|vp_count=1|vp_name=[[Tim Kaine]]|vp_party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|vp_state=[[Virginia]]|vp_ev=227}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=[[Gary Johnson]]| party=[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]| state=[[New Mexico]]| pv= 4,489,341 | pv_pct= 3.28% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=[[William Weld]]| vp_party=[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]| vp_state=[[Massachusetts]]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=[[Jill Stein]]| party=[[Green Party of the United States|Green]]| state=[[Massachusetts]]| pv= 1,457,218 | pv_pct= 1.07% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=[[Ajamu Baraka]]| vp_party=[[Green Party (United States)|Green]]| vp_state=[[Illinois]]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Evan McMullin]]| party=[[Independent politician|Independent]]| state=[[Utah]]| pv= 731,991 | pv_pct= 0.54% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=[[Mindy Finn]]| vp_party=[[Independent politician|Independent]]| vp_state=[[District of Columbia]]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=Darrell Castle|| party=[[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution]]| state=[[Tennessee]]| pv= 203,090 | pv_pct= 0.15% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=[[Scott Bradley (politician)|Scott Bradley]]| vp_party=[[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution]]| vp_state=[[Utah]]}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=[[Gloria La Riva]]|party=[[Party for Socialism and Liberation|Socialism and Liberation]]|state=[[California]]| pv= 74,401 | pv_pct= 0.05% | ev-projected=0| ev=0| vp_name=[[Eugene Puryear]]|vp_party=[[Party for Socialism and Liberation|Socialism and Liberation]]| vp_state=[[District of Columbia]]}}
|-
|colspan=9|''Tickets that received electoral votes from faithless electors''
|-
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=[[Bernie Sanders]]{{efn|name=faithless|Received electoral vote(s) from a [[faithless elector]]}}| party=[[Independent politician|Independent]]| state=[[Vermont]]| pv= 111,850 {{efn|name=write-in}}| pv_pct= 0.08% {{efn|name=write-in}}| ev-projected=0| ev=1 (0)| vp_count=1| vp_name=[[Elizabeth Warren]]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]| vp_state=[[Massachusetts]]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=[[John Kasich]]{{efn|name=faithless}}{{efn|name=paul-kasich|Two faithless electors from Texas cast their presidential votes for Ron Paul and John Kasich, respectively. Chris Suprun said he cast his presidential vote for John Kasich and his vice presidential vote for Carly Fiorina. The other faithless elector in Texas, Bill Greene, cast his presidential vote for Ron Paul but cast his vice presidential vote for Mike Pence, as pledged. John Kasich received recorded write-in votes in [[2016 United States presidential election in Alabama|Alabama]], [[2016 United States presidential election in Georgia|Georgia]], [[2016 United States presidential election in Illinois|Illinois]], [[2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]], [[2016 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]], [[2016 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], and [[2016 United States presidential election in Vermont|Vermont]].}}| party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]| state=[[Ohio]]| pv= 2,684 {{efn|name=write-in}}| pv_pct= 0.00% {{efn|name=write-in}}| ev-projected=0| ev=1 (0)| vvp_count=1| vp_name=[[Carly Fiorina]]{{efn|name=faithless}}{{efn|name=paul-kasich}}|vp_party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]| vp_state=[[Virginia]]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=[[Ron Paul]]{{efn|name=faithless}}{{efn|name=paul-kasich}}| party=[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://71republic.com/2018/02/03/paul-attacks-libertarian-leadership/|title=Ron Paul Attacks Libertarian Leadership in Response to Controversy|author=Lau, Ryan|date=February 3, 2018|work=71Republic|access-date=February 3, 2018|quote="I paid my lifetime membership, in 1987, with a gold coin, to make a point."|archive-date=February 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204124008/https://71republic.com/2018/02/03/paul-attacks-libertarian-leadership/|url-status=dead}}</ref>| state=[[Texas]]| pv= 124 {{efn|name=write-in}}| pv_pct= 0.00% {{efn|name=write-in}}| ev-projected=0| ev=1 (0)| vp_name=[[Mike Pence]]|vp_party=Republican| vp_state=[[Indiana]]|vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=[[Colin Luther Powell]]{{efn|name=faithless}}| party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]| state=[[Virginia]]| pv= 25 {{efn|name=write-in|Candidate received votes as a write-in. The exact numbers of write-in votes have been published for three states: California, Vermont, and New Hampshire.{{#tag:ref|CA: [http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-general/sov/06-sov-summary.pdf] and [http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-general/sov/17-presidential-formatted.pdf] NH: [http://sos.nh.gov/2016PresGen.aspx?id=8589963688] VT: [https://vtelectionresults.sec.state.vt.us/Index.html#/federal]}}}}| pv_pct= 0.00% {{efn|name=write-in}}| ev-projected=0| ev=3 (0)| vp_count=3| vp_name=[[Elizabeth Warren]]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]| vp_state=[[Massachusetts]]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box vp subrow| vp_name=[[Maria Cantwell]]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]| vp_state=[[Washington (state)|Washington]]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box vp subrow| vp_name=[[Susan Collins]]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]| vp_state=[[Maine]]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan| name=[[Faith Spotted Eagle]]{{efn|name=faithless}}| party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]| state=[[South Dakota]]| pv= 0 | pv_pct= 0.00% | ev-projected=0| ev=1 (0)| vp_name=[[Winona LaDuke]]{{efn|name=faithless}}|vp_party=[[Green Party (United States)|Green]]| vp_state=[[Minnesota]]| vp_ev=1}}
{{U.S. presidential ticket box other|footnote=|pv= 760,210 |pv_pct= 0.56% }}
{{end U.S. presidential ticket box|pv= 136,669,276 |pv_pct=|ev=538|to_win=270}}

'''Notes:'''
{{notelist}}{{bar box
|title=Popular vote<ref name=e2016/><ref name="LeipAtlas2016PrezResults"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Clinton'''|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|48.18}}
{{bar percent|Trump|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|46.09}}
{{bar percent|Johnson|{{party color|Libertarian Party (US)}}|3.28}}
{{bar percent|Stein|{{party color|Green Party (US)}}|1.07}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|1.38}}
}}
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+ ↓

|- style="color:white"
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}; width:43.12%" | '''232'''
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}; width:56.88%" | '''306'''

|-
| style="color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | '''Clinton'''
| style="color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" | '''Trump'''

|}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote—pledged
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Trump/Pence'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|56.88}}
{{bar percent|Clinton/Kaine|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|43.12}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote—President
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Trump'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|56.51}}
{{bar percent|Clinton|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|42.19}}
{{bar percent|Powell|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|0.56}}
{{bar percent|Kasich|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Paul|{{party color|Libertarian Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Sanders|{{party color|Independent (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Spotted Eagle|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|0.19}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Electoral vote—Vice President
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars=
{{bar percent|'''Pence'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|56.69}}
{{bar percent|Kaine|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|42.19}}
{{bar percent|Warren|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|0.37}}
{{bar percent|Cantwell|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Collins |{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Fiorina|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|0.19}}
{{bar percent|LaDuke|{{party color|Green Party (US)}}|0.19}}
}}

=== Results by state ===
The table below displays the official vote tallies by each state's Electoral College voting method. The source for the results of all states is the official Federal Election Commission report.<ref name=e2016/> The column labeled "Margin" shows Trump's margin of victory over Clinton (the margin is negative for every state that Clinton won).

A total of 29 [[United States third-party and independent presidential candidates, 2016|third party and independent presidential candidates]] appeared on the ballot in at least one state. Former [[List of Governors of New Mexico|Governor of New Mexico]] [[Gary Johnson]] and physician [[Jill Stein]] repeated their [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] roles as the nominees for the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] and the [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Geier |first1=Ben |title=The 2016 Presidential Election Could Have Two Spoiler Candidates |url=http://fortune.com/2016/06/27/2016-third-parties/ |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=September 25, 2016 |date=June 27, 2016}}</ref>

Aside from [[Florida]] and [[North Carolina]], the states which secured Trump's victory are situated in the [[Great Lakes region|Great Lakes]]/[[Rust Belt]] region. [[Wisconsin]] went Republican for the first time since [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]], while [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Michigan]] went Republican for the first time since [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schleifer |first1=Theodore |title=Trump stomps all over the Democrats' Blue Wall |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/09/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-blue-wall |access-date=November 3, 2017 |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://my.chicagotribune.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-91869779 Angst over the economy helps Trump flip Great Lakes states] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527232319/http://my.chicagotribune.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-91869779 |date=May 27, 2019}}, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', November 9, 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trumps-promise-of-bringing-back-jobs-worked-with-many-michigan-voters-1478728229 Donald Trump's Promise of Bringing Back Jobs Worked With Many Michigan Voters], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', November 9, 2016.</ref> Stein petitioned for a [[2016 United States presidential election recount and audit|recount]] in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. The Clinton campaign pledged to participate in the Green Party recount efforts, while Trump backers challenged them in court.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump election: Wisconsin prepares for vote recount |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38112752 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=November 26, 2016 |date=November 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name=splits/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/michigan-board-to-hear-trump-s-challenge-to-recount-effort/404188576/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203123227/http://www.startribune.com/michigan-board-to-hear-trump-s-challenge-to-recount-effort/404188576/ |archive-date=December 3, 2016 |title=Michigan Board to Hear Trump's Challenge to Recount Effort|website=[[Star Tribune]] }}</ref> Meanwhile, [[American Delta Party]]/[[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] presidential candidate [[Rocky De La Fuente]] petitioned for and was granted a partial recount in [[Nevada]].<ref name="NV">{{cite news |title=The Latest: 5 Nevada counties to recount presidential race |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-stein-to-seek-presidential-recount-in-michigan/2016/11/30/c760d82c-b724-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201081843/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-stein-to-seek-presidential-recount-in-michigan/2016/11/30/c760d82c-b724-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> According to a 2021 study in ''Science Advances'', conversion of voters who voted for Obama in 2012 to Trump in 2016 contributed to Republican flips in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=Seth J.|last2=Hopkins|first2=Daniel J.|last3=Huber|first3=Gregory A.|date=2021-04-01|title=Not by turnout alone: Measuring the sources of electoral change, 2012 to 2016|journal=Science Advances|language=en|volume=7|issue=17|pages=eabe3272|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abe3272|pmid=33883131|pmc=8059927|bibcode=2021SciA....7.3272H|issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"
|+ Legend
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
|colspan=2| States/districts won by [[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]]/[[Tim Kaine|Kaine]]
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
|colspan=2| States/districts won by [[Donald Trump|Trump]]/[[Mike Pence|Pence]]
|-
| † || At-large results (for states that split electoral votes)
|}
<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2"
|-
!rowspan=2 {{vertical header|stp=1|State or<br>district}}
!colspan=3 | Hillary Clinton<br>Democratic
!colspan=3 | Donald Trump<br>Republican
!colspan=3 | Gary Johnson<br>Libertarian
!colspan=3 | Jill Stein<br>Green
!colspan=3 | Evan McMullin<br>Independent
!colspan=3 | Others
!colspan=2 | Margin
!rowspan=2 data-sort-type="number" | Total<br>votes
!rowspan=2 {{vertical header|stp=1|Sources}}
|-
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
!data-sort-type="number" {{vertical header|stp=1|va=middle|{{abbr|EV|Electoral votes}}}}
!data-sort-type="number" | Votes
!data-sort-type="number" | %
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Alabama|{{abbr|Ala.|Alabama}}]] ||729,547||34.36%||–||1,318,255||62.08%||9||44,467||2.09%||–||9,391||0.44%||–||–||–||–|| 21,712 ||1.02%||–||588,708||27.73%||2,123,372||<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Alabama: Canvass of Results |url=http://www.alabamavotes.gov/downloads/election/2016/general/2016-Official-General-Election-Results-Certified-2016-11-29.pdf |date=November 29, 2016 |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Alaska|Alaska]] ||116,454||36.55%||–||163,387||51.28%||3||18,725|| 5.88%||–||5,735||1.80%||–||–||–||–|| 14,307||4.49%||–||46,933||14.73%||318,608||<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 General Election Official Results |url=http://www.elections.alaska.gov/results/16GENR/data/results.htm |date=November 30, 2016 |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Arizona|{{abbr|Ariz.|Arizona}}]] ||1,161,167||44.58%||–||1,252,401||48.08%||11||106,327||4.08%||–||34,345||1.32%||–||17,449||0.67%||–||32,968||1.27%||–||91,234||3.50%||2,604,657||<ref>{{cite web |title=Arizona Secretary of State |url=https://apps.azsos.gov/election/2016/General/Official%20Signed%20State%20Canvass.pdf|date=November 29, 2016 |access-date=December 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101015728/https://apps.azsos.gov/election/2016/General/Official%20Signed%20State%20Canvass.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=November 1, 2020}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Arkansas|{{abbr|Ark.|Arkansas}}]] || 380,494||33.65%||–||684,872||60.57%||6||29,949||2.64%||–||9,473||0.84%||–||13,176||1.17%||–||12,712||1.12%||–||304,378||26.92%||1,130,676||<ref>{{cite web |title=Arkansas Secretary of State |url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/AR/63912/184157/Web01/en/summary.html |date=November 23, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref><!--numbers are from this source - the fec report disagrees on the vote totals of johnson and mcmullin-->
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in California|{{abbr|Calif.|California}}]] || 8,753,788||61.73%||55||4,483,810||31.62%||–||478,500||3.37%||–||278,657||1.96%||–||39,596||0.28%||–||147,244||1.04%||–||−4,269,978||−30.11%||14,181,595||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-general/sov/17-presidential-formatted.pdf |title=Election results |work=California Secretary of State |access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Colorado|{{abbr|Colo.|Colorado}}]] || 1,338,870||48.16%||9||1,202,484||43.25%||–||144,121||5.18%||–||38,437||1.38%||–||28,917||1.04%||–||27,418||0.99%||–||−136,386||−4.91%||2,780,247||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Certified Results |url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/CO/63746/184388/Web01/en/summary.html |publisher=Colorado Secretary of State |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Connecticut|{{abbr|Conn.|Connecticut}}]] || 897,572||54.57%||7||673,215||40.93%||–||48,676||2.96%||–||22,841||1.39%||–||2,108||0.13%||–||508||0.03%||–||−224,357||−13.64%||1,644,920||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Results, Statewide |url=http://ctemspublic.pcctg.net/#/home |publisher=Connecticut Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Delaware|{{abbr|Del.|Delaware}}]] || 235,603||53.09%||3||185,127||41.72%||–||14,757||3.32%||–||6,103||1.37%||–||706||0.16%||–||1,518||0.34%||–||−50,476||−11.37%||443,814||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elections.delaware.gov/results/html/stwoff_kns.shtml |title=State Of Delaware Elections System—Official Election Results |access-date=November 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212053647/https://elections.delaware.gov/results/html/stwoff_kns.shtml |archive-date=December 12, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://elections.delaware.gov/results/pdf/2016%20General%20Election%20-%20Write-In%20Candidates%20Votes.pdf |title=State Of Delaware Elections System—Write‐In Candidates Votes Cast |access-date=January 23, 2017 |archive-date=January 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130134929/http://elections.delaware.gov/results/pdf/2016%20General%20Election%20-%20Write-In%20Candidates%20Votes.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia|{{abbr|D.C.|District of Columbia}}]] ||282,830||90.86%||3||12,723||4.09%||–||4,906||1.57%||–||4,258||1.36%||–||–||–||–||6,551||2.52%||–||−270,107||−86.77%||311,268||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/v3/2016/November-8-General-Election |title=Washington DC General Election 2016—Certified Results |access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Florida|{{abbr|Fla.|Florida}}]] ||4,504,975||47.82%||–||4,617,886||49.02%||29||207,043||2.20%||–||64,399||0.68%||–||–||–||–||25,736||0.28%||–||112,911||1.20%||9,420,039||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://enight.elections.myflorida.com/FederalOffices/Presidential/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316180540/http://enight.elections.myflorida.com/FederalOffices/Presidential/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 16, 2016 |title=Florida President of the United States Results |access-date=November 23, 2016 }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Georgia|{{abbr|Ga.|Georgia}}]] || 1,877,963||45.64%||–||2,089,104||50.77%||16||125,306||3.05%||–||7,674||0.19%||–||13,017||0.32%||–||1,668||0.04%||–||211,141||5.13%||4,114,732||<ref>{{cite web |title=Georgia General Election—Official Results |url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/GA/63991/184321/en/summary.html |access-date=November 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sos.ga.gov/index.php/elections/2016_votes_cast_for_certified_write-in_candidates |title=2016 votes cast for certified write-in candidates |access-date=December 18, 2016 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221011256/http://sos.ga.gov/index.php/elections/2016_votes_cast_for_certified_write-in_candidates |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Hawaii|Hawaii]] ||266,891||62.22%||3||128,847||30.03%||–||15,954||3.72%||–||12,737||2.97%||–||–||–||–||4,508||1.05%||1||−138,044||−32.18%||428,937||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elections.hawaii.gov/wp-content/results/histatewide.pdf |title=General Election 2016—State of Hawaii—Statewide |access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Idaho|Idaho]] || 189,765||27.49%||–||409,055||59.26%||4||28,331||4.10%||–||8,496||1.23%||–||46,476||6.73%||–||8,132||1.18%||–||219,290||31.77%||690,255||<ref>{{cite web |title=Statewide Totals |url=http://sos.idaho.gov/elect/results/2016/General/statewide_totals.html |publisher=Idaho Secretary of State |access-date=December 3, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Illinois|{{abbr|Ill.|Illinois}}]] || 3,090,729||55.83%||20||2,146,015||38.76%||–||209,596||3.79%||–||76,802||1.39%||–||11,655||0.21%||–||1,627||0.03%||–||−944,714||−17.06%||5,536,424||<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Results |url=http://elections.il.gov/ElectionResults.aspx?ID=vlS7uG8NT%2f0%3d |publisher=Illinois State Board of Elections |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224102216/https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionResults.aspx?ID=vlS7uG8NT%2F0%3D |archive-date=December 24, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Indiana|{{abbr|Ind.|Indiana}}]] || 1,033,126||37.91%||–||1,557,286||56.82%||11||133,993||4.89%||–||7,841||0.27%||–||–||–||–||2,712||0.10%||–||524,160||19.17%||2,734,958||<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Results |date=December 1, 2016 |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State |url=http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/election/general/general2016?page=office&countyID=-1&officeID=36&districtID=-1&candidate= |access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Iowa|Iowa]] || 653,669 ||41.74%||–||800,983||51.15%||6||59,186||3.78%||–||11,479||0.73%||–||12,366||0.79%||–||28,348||1.81%||–||147,314||9.41%||1,566,031||<ref>{{cite web |title=Federal/Statewide Races |publisher=Iowa Secretary of State |url=https://electionresults.sos.iowa.gov/Views/TabularData.aspx?TabView=StateRaces^Federal%20/%20Statewide%20Races^86&ElectionID=86 |date=December 5, 2016 |access-date=December 10, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224162855/https://electionresults.sos.iowa.gov/Views/TabularData.aspx?TabView=StateRaces%5EFederal%20%2F%20Statewide%20Races%5E86&ElectionID=86 |archive-date=December 24, 2016 }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Kansas|{{abbr|Kan.|Kansas}}]] ||427,005||36.05%||–||671,018||56.65%||6||55,406||4.68%||–||23,506||1.98%||–||6,520||0.55%||–|| 947 ||0.08%||–||244,013||20.60%||1,184,402||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Vote Totals |url=https://www.sos.ks.gov/elections/16elec/2016_General_Election_Official_Results.pdf |publisher=Kansas Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Kentucky|{{abbr|Ky.|Kentucky}}]] ||628,854||32.68%||–||1,202,971||62.52%||8||53,752||2.79%||–||13,913||0.72%||–||22,780||1.18%||–|| 1,879 ||0.10%||–||574,177||29.84%||1,924,149||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 General Election Results |url=http://elect.ky.gov/results/2010-2019/Documents/2016%20General%20Election%20Results.pdf |publisher=Kentucky Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Louisiana|{{abbr|La.|Louisiana}}]] || 780,154||38.45%||–||1,178,638||58.09%||8||37,978||1.87%||–||14,031||0.69%||–||8,547||0.42%||–||9,684||0.48%||–||398,484||19.64%||2,029,032||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://voterportal.sos.la.gov/static/#/2016-11-08/resultsRace/Presidential |title=Louisiana Secretary of State—Official Election Results |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Maine|Maine]] † || 357,735||47.83%||2||335,593||44.87%||–||38,105||5.09%||–||14,251||1.91%||–||1,887||0.25%||–||356||0.05%||–||''−22,142''||''−2.96%''||747,927|| rowspan=3|<ref name="archives.gov Maine">{{cite web |title=Certificate of Ascertainment of Electors—State of Maine |url=https://www.archives.gov/files/electoral-college/2016/ascertainment-maine.pdf |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration |access-date=November 2, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Maine's tabulations">{{cite web |title=Tabulations for Elections held in 2016 |url=http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/results16-17.html#tally |publisher=Maine Department of the Secretary of State |access-date=January 7, 2017}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|ME-1|Maine's 1st congressional district}}''||''212,774''||''53.96%''||1||''154,384''||''39.15%''||–||''18,592''||''4.71%''||–||''7,563''||''1.92%''||–||''807''||''0.20%''||–||''209''||''0.05%''||–||''−58,390''||''−14.81%''||''394,329''
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|ME-2|Maine's 2nd congressional district}}'' ||''144,817''||''40.98%''||–||''181,177''||''51.26%''||1||''19,510''||''5.52%''||–||''6,685''||''1.89%''||–||''1,080''||0.31%||–||''147''||''0.04%''||–||''36,360''||''10.29%''||''353,416''
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Maryland|{{abbr|Md.|Maryland}}]] ||1,677,928||60.33%||10||943,169||33.91%||–||79,605||2.86%||–||35,945||1.29%||–||9,630||0.35%||–||35,169||1.26%||–||−734,759||−26.42%||2,781,446||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election results for President and Vice President of the United States |url=http://www.elections.state.md.us/elections/2016/results/general/gen_results_2016_4_001-.html |publisher=Maryland State Board of Elections |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|{{abbr|Mass.|Massachusetts}}]] || 1,995,196||60.01%||11||1,090,893||32.81%||–||138,018||4.15%||–||47,661||1.43%||–||2,719||0.08%||–||50,559||1.52%||–||−904,303||−27.20%||3,325,046||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://electionstats.state.ma.us/elections/view/130243/ |title=2016 President General Election |publisher=Massachusetts Secretary of State |access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Michigan|{{abbr|Mich.|Michigan}}]] ||2,268,839||47.27%||–||2,279,543||47.50%||16||172,136||3.59%||–||51,463||1.07%||–||8,177||0.17%||–||19,126||0.40%||–||10,704||0.23%||4,799,284 ||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/2016GEN_CENR.html |title=Ruth Johnson, Secretary of State—Official Election Results |date=November 28, 2016 |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Minnesota|{{abbr|Minn.|Minnesota}}]] ||1,367,716||46.44%||10||1,322,951||44.92%||–||112,972||3.84%||–||36,985||1.26%||–||53,076||1.80%||–||51,113||1.74%||–||−44,765||−1.52%||2,944,813||<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 General Election Results |url=http://www.sos.state.mn.us/elections-voting/2016-general-election-results |publisher=Minnesota Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202172048/http://www.sos.state.mn.us/elections-voting/2016-general-election-results |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Mississippi|{{abbr|Miss.|Mississippi}}]] || 485,131 ||40.06%||–||700,714||57.86%||6||14,435||1.19%||–||3,731||0.31%||–||–||–||–|| 5,346||0.44%||–||215,583||17.83%||1,209,357||<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Mississippi Certificate of Vote–2016 General Election |url=http://www.sos.ms.gov/Elections-Voting/Pages/2016-General-Election.aspx |publisher=Mississippi Secretary of State |date=November 28, 2016 |access-date=December 31, 2016 |archive-date=December 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227085031/https://www.sos.ms.gov/Elections-Voting/Pages/2016-General-Election.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Missouri|{{abbr|Mo.|Missouri}}]] || 1,071,068||38.14%||–||1,594,511||56.77%||10||97,359||3.47%||–||25,419||0.91%||–||7,071||0.25%||–||13,177||0.47%||–||523,443||18.64%||2,808,605||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Results |url=http://enr.sos.mo.gov/PickaRace.aspx |publisher=Missouri Secretary of State |access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Montana|{{abbr|Mont.|Montana}}]] || 177,709||35.75%||–||279,240||56.17%||3||28,037||5.64%||–||7,970||1.60%||–||2,297||0.46%||–||1,894||0.38%||–||101,531||20.42%||497,147||<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Statewide General Election Canvass |url=http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2016/2016GeneralStatewideCanvass.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220084738/http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2016/2016GeneralStatewideCanvass.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |publisher=Montana Secretary of State |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Statewide Write-In Canvass |url=http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2016/CanvassReport-Write-Ins.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090038/http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2016/CanvassReport-Write-Ins.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |publisher=Montana Secretary of State |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Nebraska|{{abbr|Nebr.|Nebraska}}]] † ||284,494||33.70%||–||495,961||58.75%||2||38,946||4.61%||–||8,775||1.04%||–||–||–||–||16,051||1.90%||–||211,467||25.05%||844,227||rowspan="4"|<ref name="NB">{{cite web |title=Official Report of the Board of State Canvassers |url=http://www.sos.ne.gov/elec/2016/pdf/2016-canvass-book.pdf |publisher=Nebraska Secretary of State |access-date=December 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220110345/http://www.sos.ne.gov/elec/2016/pdf/2016-canvass-book.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|NE-1|Nebraska's 1st congressional district}}'' ||''100,132''||''35.46%''||–||''158,642''||''56.18%''||1 ||''14,033''||''4.97%''||–||''3,374''||''1.19%''||–||–||–||–||6,181||2.19%||–||''58,500''||''20.72%''||''282,338''
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|NE-2|Nebraska's 2nd congressional district}}'' ||''131,030''||''44.92%''||–||''137,564''||''47.16%''||1 ||''13,245''||''4.54%''||–||''3,347''||''1.15%''||–||–||–||–||6,494||2.23%||–||''6,534''||''2.24%''||''291,680''
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | ''{{abbrlink|NE-3|Nebraska's 3rd congressional district}}'' ||''53,332''||''19.73%''||–||''199,755''||''73.92%''||1 ||''11,668''||''4.32%''||–||''2,054''||''0.76%''||–||–||–||–||3,451||1.28%||–||''146,367''||''54.19%''||''270,109''
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Nevada|{{abbr|Nev.|Nevada}}]] ||539,260||47.92%||6||512,058||45.50%||–||37,384||3.29%||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||36,683||3.23%||–||−27,202||−2.42%||1,125,385
||<ref>{{cite web |title=Silver State Election Night Results |url=http://silverstateelection.com/USPresidential/ |publisher=Nevada Secretary of State |access-date=December 4, 2016 |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129111416/http://silverstateelection.com/USPresidential/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|{{abbr|N.H.|New Hampshire}}]] || 348,526||46.98%||4||345,790||46.61%||–||30,777||4.15%||–||6,496||0.88%||–||1,064||0.14%||–||11,643||1.24%||–||−2,736||−0.37%||744,296||<ref>{{cite web |title=President of the United States—2016 General Election |url=http://sos.nh.gov/2016PresGen.aspx?id=8589964144 |publisher=New Hampshire Secretary of State |access-date=December 2, 2016 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220030507/http://sos.nh.gov/2016PresGen.aspx?id=8589964144 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey|{{abbr|N.J.|New Jersey}}]] || 2,148,278||55.45%||14||1,601,933||41.35%||–||72,477||1.87%||–||37,772||0.98%||–||–||–||–||13,586||0.35%||–||−546,345||−14.10%||3,874,046||<ref>{{cite web |title=Candidates for President—For General Election 11/08/2016 |url=http://www.njelections.org/2016-results/2016-official-general-results-president-1206b.pdf |publisher=State of New Jersey Department of State |access-date=December 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107140227/http://www.njelections.org/2016-results/2016-official-general-results-president-1206b.pdf |archive-date=January 7, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in New Mexico|{{abbr|N.M.|New Mexico}}]] ||385,234||48.26%||5||319,667||40.04%||–||74,541||9.34%||–||9,879||1.24%||–||5,825||0.73%||–||3,173||0.40%||–||−65,567
|−8.21%||798,319||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Results General Election |url=http://electionresults.sos.state.nm.us/resultsSW.aspx?type=FED&map=CTY |publisher=New Mexico Secretary of State |date=November 25, 2016 |access-date=December 12, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in New York|{{abbr|N.Y.|New York}}]] ||4,556,124||59.01%||29||2,819,534||36.52%||–||176,598||2.29%||–||107,934||1.40%||–||10,373||0.13%||–||50,890||0.66%||–||−1,736,590
|−22.49%||7,721,453||<ref>{{cite web |title=New York State General Election Official Results |url=https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2016/General/President_11082016_Amend12212016.pdf |publisher=New York State Board of Elections |access-date=December 25, 2016 |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222225106/http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2016/General/President_11082016_Amend12212016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in North Carolina|{{abbr|N.C.|North Carolina}}]] ||2,189,316||46.17%||–||2,362,631||49.83%||15||130,126||2.74%||–||12,105||0.26%||–||–||–||–||47,386||1.00%||–||173,315||3.66%||4,741,564||<ref>{{cite web |title=Official General Election Results—Statewide |url=http://er.ncsbe.gov/?election_dt=11/08/2016&county_id=0&office=FED&contest=0 |publisher=North Carolina State Board of Elections |access-date=December 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in North Dakota|{{abbr|N.D.|North Dakota}}]] || 93,758||27.23%||–||216,794||62.96%||3||21,434||6.22%||–||3,780||1.10%||–||–||–||–||8,594||2.49%||–||123,036||35.73%||344,360||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://results.sos.nd.gov/resultsSW.aspx?text=Race&type=SW&map=CTY |title=Official Results General Election—North Dakota |access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]] ||2,394,164||43.56%||–||2,841,005||51.69%||18||174,498||3.17%||–||46,271||0.84%||–||12,574||0.23%||–||27,975||0.51%||–||446,841||8.13%||5,496,487||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2016Results.aspx |title=Ohio State Election Board—Official Results |access-date=December 7, 2016 |archive-date=July 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713135350/https://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2016Results.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Oklahoma|{{abbr|Okla.|Oklahoma}}]] || 420,375||28.93%||–||949,136||65.32%||7||83,481||5.75%||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||528,761||37.08%||1,452,992||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ok.gov/elections/support/20161108_seb.html |title=Oklahoma State Election Board—Official Results |access-date=November 17, 2016 |archive-date=November 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124092853/https://www.ok.gov/elections/support/20161108_seb.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Oregon|{{abbr|Ore.|Oregon}}]] || 1,002,106||50.07%||7||782,403||39.09%||–||94,231||4.71%||–||50,002||2.50%||–||–||–||–||72,594||3.63%||–||−219,703
|−10.98%||2,001,336||<ref>{{cite web |title=November 8, 2016, General Election Abstract of Votes |url=http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/RecordView/6873777 |publisher=Oregon Secretary of State |access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|{{abbr|Pa.|Pennsylvania}}]] ||2,926,441||47.46%||–||2,970,733||48.18%||20||146,715||2.38%||–||49,941||0.81%||–||6,472||0.11%||–|| 65,176||1.06%||–||44,292||0.72%||6,165,478||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.electionreturns.pa.gov/ENR_New/General/SummaryResults?ElectionID=54&ElectionType=G&IsActive=1 |title=2016 Presidential Election |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221084401/http://www.electionreturns.pa.gov/ENR_New/General/SummaryResults?ElectionID=54&ElectionType=G&IsActive=1 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Rhode Island|{{abbr|R.I.|Rhode Island}}]] || 252,525||54.41%||4||180,543||38.90%||–||14,746||3.18%||–||6,220||1.34%||–||516||0.11%||–||9,594||2.07%||–||−71,982
|−15.51%||464,144||<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 General Election—Presidential Electors For |url=http://www.ri.gov/election/results/2016/general_election/races/301.html |publisher=State of Rhode Island Board of Elections |access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in South Carolina|{{abbr|S.C.|South Carolina}}]] || 855,373||40.67%||–||1,155,389||54.94%||9||49,204||2.34%||–||13,034||0.62%||–||21,016|| 1.00%||–||9,011||0.43%||–||300,016||14.27%||2,103,027||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enr-scvotes.org/SC/64658/183653/en/summary.html |title=2016 Statewide General Election—South Carolina |access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in South Dakota|{{abbr|S.D.|South Dakota}}]] ||117,458||31.74%||–||227,721||61.53%||3||20,850||5.63%||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||4,064 ||1.10%||–||110,263||29.79%||370,093||<ref>{{cite web |title=South Dakota certificate of ascertainment |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/2016-certificates/pdfs/ascertainment-south-dakota.pdf |publisher=National archives |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Tennessee|{{abbr|Tenn.|Tennessee}}]] ||870,695||34.72%||–||1,522,925||60.72%||11||70,397||2.81%||–||15,993||0.64%||–||11,991||0.48%||–||16,026||0.64%||–||652,230||26.01%||2,508,027||<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Tennessee November 8, 2016 State General United States President |url=http://sos-tn-gov-files.s3.amazonaws.com/PresidentbyCountyNov2016.pdf |publisher=Tennessee Secretary of State |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]] || 3,877,868||43.24%||–||4,685,047||52.23%||36||283,492||3.16%||–||71,558||0.80%||–||42,366||0.47%||–||8,895||0.10%||2||807,179||8.99%||8,969,226||<ref>{{cite web |title=Race Summary Report, 2016 General Election |url=http://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist319_state.htm |publisher=Texas Secretary of State |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Utah|Utah]] ||310,676||27.46%||–||515,231||45.54%||6||39,608||3.50%||–||9,438||0.83%||–||243,690||21.54%||–||12,787||1.13%||–||204,555||18.08%||1,131,430||<ref>{{cite web |title=Statewide Federal Election Results |url=https://elections.utah.gov/Media/Default/2016%20Election/2016%20General%20Election%20-%20Statewide%20Canvass%203.pdf |publisher=2016 General Election—Statewide Canvass |access-date=January 29, 2017}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Vermont|{{abbr|Vt.|Vermont}}]] || |178,573||56.68%||3||95,369||30.27%||–||10,078||3.20%||–||6,758||2.14%||–||639||0.20%||–||23,650||7.51%||–||−83,204
|−26.41%||315,067||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vtelectionresults.sec.state.vt.us/Index.html#/federal |title=Vermont US President and Vice President—Official Results |access-date=November 23, 2016 |archive-date=May 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528035300/https://vtelectionresults.sec.state.vt.us/Index.html#/federal |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Virginia|{{abbr|Va.|Virginia}}]] ||1,981,473||49.73%||13||1,769,443||44.41%||–||118,274||2.97%||–||27,638||0.69%||–||54,054||1.36%||–||33,749||0.85%||–||−212,030
|−5.32%||3,984,631||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2016%20November%20General/Site/Presidential.html |title=Virginia President and Vice President—Official Results |access-date=November 23, 2016 |archive-date=December 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223044002/http://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2016%20November%20General/Site/Presidential.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|{{abbr|Wash.|Washington}}]] ||1,742,718||52.54%||8||1,221,747||36.83%||–||160,879||4.85%||–||58,417||1.76%||–||–||–||–|||133,258||4.02%||4||−520,971
|−15.71%||3,317,019||<ref>{{cite web |title=November 8, 2016 General Election Results |url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/2016presgeresults.pdf |publisher=FEC Election Results |access-date=March 23, 2017}}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in West Virginia|{{abbr|W.Va.|West Virginia}}]] ||188,794||26.43%||–||489,371||68.50%||5||23,004||3.22%||–||8,075||1.13%||–||1,104||0.15%||–||4,075||0.57%||–||300,577||42.07%||714,423||<ref>{{cite web |title=Statewide Results |url=http://services.sos.wv.gov/apps/elections/results/results.aspx?year=2016&eid=23&county=Statewide |publisher=West Virginia Secretary of State |access-date=December 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225112543/http://services.sos.wv.gov/apps/elections/results/results.aspx?year=2016&eid=23&county=Statewide |archive-date=December 25, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|{{abbr|Wis.|Wisconsin}}]] ||1,382,536||46.45%||–||1,405,284||47.22%||10||106,674||3.58%||–||31,072||1.04%||–||11,855||0.40%||–||38,729||1.30%||–||22,748||0.77%||2,976,150||<ref>{{cite web |work=WEC Canvass Reporting System |url=http://elections.wi.gov/sites/default/files/County%20by%20County%20Report%20President%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Recount.pdf |title=County by County Report |publisher=Wisconsin Elections Commission |date=December 13, 2016 |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=December 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214185431/http://elections.wi.gov/sites/default/files/County%20by%20County%20Report%20President%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Recount.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-{{Party shading/Republican}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;" | [[2016 United States presidential election in Wyoming|{{abbr|Wyo.|Wyoming}}]] ||55,973||21.88%||–||174,419||68.17%||3||13,287||5.19%||–||2,515||0.98%||–||–||–||–||9,655||3.78%||–||118,446||46.29%||255,849||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soswy.state.wy.us/Elections/Docs/2016/Results/General/2016_Wyoming_General_Election_Results.pdf |title=Wyoming Official Election Results |access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref>
|-
!Total ||{{right}} 65,853,516 ||{{right}} 48.18% ||{{right}} 227 ||{{right}} 62,984,825 ||{{right}} 46.09% ||{{right}} 304 ||{{right}} 4,489,221 ||{{right}} 3.28% ||{{right}} – ||{{right}} 1,457,216 ||{{right}} 1.07% ||{{right}} – ||{{right}} 731,788 ||{{right}} 0.54% ||{{right}} – ||{{right}} 1,152,671 ||{{right}} 0.84% ||{{right}} 7 ||{{right}} −2,868,691 ||{{right}} −2.10% ||{{right}} 136,669,237
!rowspan=2 {{vertical header|Sources}}
|-
! 
!colspan=3| Hillary Clinton<br>Democratic
!colspan=3| Donald Trump<br>Republican
!colspan=3| Gary Johnson<br>Libertarian
!colspan=3| Jill Stein<br>Green
!colspan=3| Evan McMullin<br>Independent
!colspan=3| Others
!colspan=2| Margin
! Total<br>votes
|}
</div>
Two states (Maine{{efn|name=maine-split|Maine split its electoral votes for the first time since [[1828 United States presidential election|1828]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/11/10/maine-splits-its-electoral-votes-for-first-time-since-1828 |title=Maine Splits its Electoral Votes for First Time Since 1828 |date=November 10, 2016 |publisher=ballot-access.org}}</ref>}} and Nebraska) allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates by congressional districts. The winner within each congressional district gets one electoral vote for the district. The winner of the statewide vote gets two additional electoral votes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/2012-certificates/pdfs/ascertainment-maine.pdf |title=State of Maine Certificate of Ascertainment of Electors |access-date=December 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name=nebraska>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.ne.gov/elec/2012/pdf/2012-general-canvass.pdf |title=Official Results of Nebraska General Election—November 6, 2012 |access-date=December 26, 2012}}</ref> Results are from ''The New York Times''.<ref name="nytimes-trump-ona">{{cite news |title=Presidential Election Results: Donald J. Trump Wins |url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/president |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>

=== Battleground states ===
[[File:Presidential Election Results Swing by State from 2012 to 2016.svg|thumb|300px|Vote margin swing by state [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] to 2016. Only eleven states (as well as the District of Columbia and Nebraska's 2nd congressional district) shifted more Democratic. The [[2016 United States presidential election in Utah|large swing in Utah]] is mostly due to the votes for third-party candidate [[Evan McMullin]] and the 2012 candidacy of [[Mitt Romney]].]]

Most [[News site|media outlets]] announced the beginning of the presidential race about twenty months prior to [[Election Day (United States)|Election Day]]. Soon after the first contestants declared their candidacy, [[Larry Sabato]] listed Virginia, Colorado, Iowa, New Hampshire, Florida, Nevada, and Ohio as the seven states most likely to be contested in the [[Elections in the United States|general election]]. After Donald Trump clinched the Republican presidential nomination, many pundits felt that the major campaign locations might be different from what had originally been expected.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/31/politics/new-jersey-poll-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/ |title=Poll: Clinton, Trump running tight race in NJ |last=LoBianco |first=Tom |date=May 31, 2016 |website=edition.cnn.com |publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=September 30, 2016}}</ref>

[[Rust Belt|Rust Belt states]] such as [[Pennsylvania]], [[Wisconsin]], and even [[Michigan]] were thought to be in play with Trump as the nominee, while states with large minority populations, such as [[Colorado]] and [[Virginia]], were expected to shift towards Clinton.<ref name="sabato">{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/the-only-thing-that-matters/ |title=Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball " The Electoral College: The Only Thing That Matters |website=www.centerforpolitics.org|date=March 31, 2016 |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> By the conventions period and the debates, however, it did not seem as though the Rust Belt states could deliver a victory to Trump, as many of them were considered to be part of the "[[Blue wall (U.S. politics)|blue wall]]" of Democratic-leaning states. Trump's courting of the [[Polish-American vote]], a sizable number of whom were [[Reagan Democrat]]s, has been cited as the cause for the loss of the Rust Belt by the Democratic nominee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dziennikzwiazkowy.com/news-in-english/trump-wouldnt-win-without-polish-americans-an-interview-with-william-bill-ciosek/|title=Trump Wouldn't Win Without Polish-Americans. An Interview With William "Bill" Ciosek|date=November 21, 2016}}</ref> According to Politico<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/donald-trump-path-to-victory-224239 |title=Donald Trump's path to victory |newspaper=[[Politico]]|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> and FiveThirtyEight, his path to victory went through states such as Florida, North Carolina, Nevada, New Hampshire, and possibly Colorado.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/clintons-leading-in-exactly-the-states-she-needs-to-win/ |title=Clinton's Leading In Exactly The States She Needs To Win |date=September 22, 2016 |newspaper=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/donald-trump-paths-win-election-230766 |title=Three paths that deliver Trump the win |newspaper=[[Politico]]|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/donald-trump-electoral-college-polls-228249 |title=Trump cracks the Electoral College lock |newspaper=[[Politico]]|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/trumps-incredible-shrinking-map-230135 |title=Trump's incredible shrinking map |newspaper=[[Politico]]|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>

[[Opinion poll|Early polling]] indicated a closer-than-usual race in former Democratic strongholds such as [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[Delaware]], [[2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey|New Jersey]], [[2016 United States presidential election in Connecticut|Connecticut]], [[Maine]] (for the two statewide electoral votes), and [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://poll.qu.edu/images/polling/ct/ct06072016_Cvf63kbw.pdf/ |title=Clinton tops Trump in Connecticut race |last=Douglas |first=Schwartz |date=June 7, 2016 |access-date=January 27, 2017 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202035629/https://poll.qu.edu/images/polling/ct/ct06072016_Cvf63kbw.pdf/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://media.wix.com/ugd/3bebb2_dd659ad4faf34206969d7dbef07995e2.pdf |title=Clinton can sweep Northeast |last=Kimball |first=Spencer |date=September 7, 2016 |access-date=January 27, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20160907/emerson-poll-finds-clintons-lead-over-trump-precariously-thin-in-ri |title=Emerson poll finds Clinton's lead over Trump precariously thin in R.I. |last=Gregg |first=Katherine |date=September 7, 2016 |website=www.providencejournal.com |access-date=September 30, 2016}}</ref>

A consensus among [[pundit|political pundits]] developed throughout the [[primary elections in the United States|primary election]] season regarding swing states.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/05/2016-predictions-117554 |title=The 2016 Results We Can Already Predict |website=Politico Magazine|date=May 3, 2015 |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> From the results of presidential elections from [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]] through to [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], the Democratic and Republican parties would generally start with a safe [[Red states and blue states|electoral vote count]] of about 150 to 200.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.270towin.com/ |title=2016 Presidential Election Interactive Map |website=270toWin.com |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/the-only-thing-that-matters/ |title=Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball " The Electoral College: The Only Thing That Matters |website=www.centerforpolitics.org |date=March 31, 2016 |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> However, the [[2012 presidential election results|margins]] required to constitute a swing state are vague, and can vary between groups of analysts.<ref name="Levin">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/21/utah-mormon-voters-anti-donald-trump-republican-caucuses |title=Why Mormons in America's most conservative state could turn a Trump stronghold questionably Democratic |last=Levin |first=Sam |date=March 21, 2016 |website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Roche">{{cite web |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865650513/Poll-Utah-would-vote-for-a-Democrat-for-president-over-Trump.html |title=Poll: Utah would vote for a Democrat for president over Trump |last=Roche |first=Lisa Riley |date=March 20, 2016 |website=DeseretNews.com|access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> It was thought that left-leaning states in the [[Rust Belt]] could become more [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]], as Trump had strong appeal among many [[blue-collar worker]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/01/the-great-republican-revolt/419118/ |title=The Great Republican Revolt |last=Frum |first=David |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=December 22, 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=August 3, 2016}}</ref> They represent a large portion of the American populace and were a major factor in Trump's eventual [[Presidential nominee|nomination]]. Trump's primary campaign was propelled by victories in Democratic states, and his supporters often did not identify as Republican.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rothenberggonzales.com/ratings/president/2016-presidential-ratings-august-19-2016 |title=Presidential Ratings {{!}} The Rothenberg & Gonzales Political Report|website=rothenberggonzales.com|access-date=November 6, 2016}}</ref>

Media reports indicated that both candidates planned to concentrate on Florida, Pennsylvania, Ohio and North Carolina.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |title=Electoral Map Gives Donald Trump Few Places to Go |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/us/politics/donald-trump-presidential-race.html |access-date=July 31, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Challan |first1=David |title=Road to 270: CNN's new electoral college map |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/20/politics/road-to-270-electoral-college-map-2/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=July 31, 2016 |date=July 20, 2016}}</ref> Among the Republican-leaning states, potential Democratic targets included [[Nebraska's 2nd congressional district|Nebraska's second congressional district]], Georgia, and Arizona.<ref name="DBalz">{{cite news |last1=Balz |first1=Dan |title=The Republican Party's uphill path to 270 electoral votes in 2016 elections |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/the-gops-uphill-path-to-270-in-2016/2014/01/18/9404eb06-7fcf-11e3-93c1-0e888170b723_story.html |access-date=October 3, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 18, 2014}}</ref> Trump's relatively poor polling in some traditionally Republican states, such as Utah, raised the possibility that they could vote for Clinton, despite easy wins there by recent [[Presidential nominee|Republican nominees]].<ref name="lvilla1">{{cite magazine |last1=Villa |first1=Lissandra |title=Why Utah Doesn't Like Donald Trump |url=http://time.com/4397192/donald-trump-utah-gary-johnson/ |access-date=July 18, 2016 |magazine=Time |date=July 10, 2016}}</ref> However, many analysts asserted that these states were not yet viable Democratic destinations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/hillary-clinton-path-victory-224228 |title=Hillary Clinton's path to victory|website=[[Politico]]|date=June 19, 2016 |access-date=August 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="sabato2015predictions">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/05/2016-predictions-117554 |title=The 2016 Results We Can Already Predict |date=May 3, 2015 |publisher=[[Politico]] |last2=Skelley |first2=Geoffrey |last3=Sabato |first3=Larry |last1=Kondik |first1=Kyle |access-date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> Several sites and individuals publish electoral predictions. These generally rate the race by the likelihood for each party to win a state.<ref name="Congressional district method">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2014/11/8/7174945/electoral-college-rigging |title=A totally legal, totally shady way that Republicans could ensure Hillary Clinton's defeat |date=November 8, 2014 |publisher=[[Vox (website) | Vox]] |last1=Yglesias |first1=Matthew |access-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref> The "tossup" label is usually used to indicate that neither party has an advantage, "lean" to indicate a party has a slight edge, "likely" to indicate a party has a clear but not overwhelming advantage, and "safe" to indicate a party has an advantage that cannot be overcome.<ref name="BDoherty">{{cite news |url=http://themonkeycage.org/2012/07/31/president-obamas-disproportionate-battleground-state-focus-started-early-echoed-predecessors-actions/ |title=President Obama's Disproportionate Battleground State Focus Started Early, Echoed Predecessors' Actions |date=July 31, 2012 |publisher=Monkey Cage |last1=Doherty |first1=Brendan |access-date=November 4, 2014}}</ref>

As the parameters of the race established themselves, analysts converged on a narrower list of contested states, which were relatively similar to those of recent elections. On November 7, the [[Cook Political Report]] categorized Arizona, [[Colorado]], [[Florida]], [[Iowa]], Michigan, [[Nevada]], [[New Hampshire]], North Carolina, [[Ohio]], Pennsylvania, and [[Wisconsin]] as states with close races. Additionally, a district from each of Maine and Nebraska were considered to be coin flips.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard |title=Electoral Vote Scorecard |website=[[The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | The Cook Political Report]] |access-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108003558/http://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meanwhile, [[FiveThirtyEight]] listed twenty-two states as potentially competitive about a month before [[swing state|the election]]—Maine's two at-large electoral votes, New Mexico, Minnesota, Michigan, Colorado, Virginia, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Nevada, Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Iowa, Arizona, Georgia, Alaska, South Carolina, Texas, [[Indiana]], Missouri, and Utah—as well as [[Maine's 2nd congressional district|Maine's second]] and [[Nebraska's 2nd congressional district|Nebraska's second]] congressional districts.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-where-are-the-undecided-voters/ |title=Election Update: Where Are The Undecided Voters? |date=October 25, 2016 |newspaper=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=November 8, 2016}}</ref> [[Nate Silver]], the publication's editor-in-chief, subsequently removed Texas, South Carolina, Missouri, and Indiana from the list after the race tightened significantly.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-the-state-of-the-states/ |title=Election Update: The State Of The States |date=November 7, 2016 |newspaper=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=November 25, 2016}}</ref> These conclusions were supported by [[Voter model|models]] such as the [[Princeton University|Princeton Elections Consortium]], the New York Times Upshot, and punditry evaluations from [[Sabato's Crystal Ball]] and the [[The Cook Political Report|Cook Political Report]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/our-final-2016-picks/ |title=Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » Our Final 2016 picks |website=www.centerforpolitics.org|date=November 7, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.270towin.com/maps/fivethirtyeight-2016-polls-plus-forecast |title=FiveThirty Eight Polls Plus Forecast |newspaper=270toWin.com|access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard |title=Electoral Vote Scorecard |website=[[The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | The Cook Political Report]] |access-date=December 15, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108003558/http://cookpolitical.com/presidential/charts/scorecard |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.governing.com/topics/elections/gov-ratings-roundup-2016-statewide-elections.html |title=Ratings Roundup: 2016 Statewide Elections |website=www.governing.com|date=November 4, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref>

Hillary Clinton won states like [[2016 United States presidential election in New Mexico|New Mexico]] by less than 10 percentage points.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://electionresults.sos.state.nm.us/resultsSW.aspx?type=FED&map=CTY |title=New Mexico—Election Night Results |date=November 8, 2016 |website=New Mexico Secretary of State |language=en-US|access-date=February 8, 2017}}</ref> Among the states where the candidates finished at a margin of within seven percent, Clinton won Virginia (13 electoral votes), Colorado (9), Maine (2), Minnesota (10), and New Hampshire (4). On the other hand, Trump won Michigan (16), Pennsylvania (20), Wisconsin (10), Florida (29), North Carolina (15), Arizona (11), Nebraska's second district (1), and Georgia (16). States won by Obama in the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], such as Ohio (18), Iowa (6), and Maine's second district (1), were also won by Trump. The close result in [[2016 United States presidential election in Maine|Maine]] was not expected by most commentators, nor were Trump's victory of over 10 points in the second district and their disparities.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-the-state-of-the-states/ |title=Election Update: The State Of The States |date=November 7, 2016 |newspaper=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.pressherald.com/2016/11/08/mainers-take-matters-into-their-own-hands-after-bitter-presidential-campaign/ |title=Trump takes 1 of Maine's 4 electoral votes, in a first for the state—The Portland Press Herald |date=November 8, 2016 |newspaper=The Portland Press Herald |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bangordailynews.com/2016/11/09/politics/elections/clinton-leads-maine-but-trump-poised-to-take-one-electoral-vote/ |title=Clinton wins Maine, but Trump takes one electoral vote |last=Cousins |first=Christopher |website=The Bangor Daily News|date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> The dramatic shift of [[American Midwest|Midwestern states]] towards Trump were contrasted in the media against the relative movement of [[Southern United States|Southern states]] towards the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-maybe-its-time-for-ohio-and-pennsylvania-to-part-ways/ |title=Election Update: Maybe It's Time For Ohio And Pennsylvania To Part Ways |date=October 5, 2016 |newspaper=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> For example, former Democratic strongholds such as [[Minnesota]] and [[Maine]] leaned towards the [[Republican Party (United States)|GOP]] while still voting Democratic, albeit by smaller margins. Meanwhile, Iowa voted more Republican than Texas did, Georgia was more Democratic than Ohio, and the margin of victory for Trump was greater in North Carolina than Arizona.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-real-story-of-2016/ |title=The Real Story Of 2016 |date=January 19, 2017 |newspaper=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/ohio-was-a-bellwether-after-all/ |title=Ohio Was A Bellwether After All |date=January 25, 2017 |newspaper=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> Trump's smaller victories in [[Alaska]] and [[Utah]] also took some experts by surprise.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/mike-pence-utah-republicans-mcmullin-230273 |title=Pence to make late campaign visit to Utah |newspaper=[[Politico]]|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref>

=== Close states ===
States where the margin of victory was under 1% (50 electoral votes; 46 won by Trump, 4 by Clinton):

#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Michigan, 0.23% (10,704 votes) – 16 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">New Hampshire, 0.37% (2,736 votes) – 4 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Pennsylvania, 0.72% (44,292 votes) – 20 electoral votes</span>''' (tipping point state, including two faithless GOP electors)<ref name="fivethirtyeight">{{cite web|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/donald-trump-had-a-superior-electoral-college-strategy/|title=Donald Trump Had A Superior Electoral College Strategy|date=February 6, 2017|website=[[FiveThirtyEight]]}}</ref>
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Wisconsin, 0.77% (22,748 votes) – 10 electoral votes</span>''' (tipping point state, excluding the two faithless GOP electors)<ref name="fivethirtyeight" />

States/districts where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5% (83 electoral votes; 56 won by Trump, 27 by Clinton):

#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Florida, 1.20% (112,911 votes) – 29 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Minnesota, 1.52% (44,765 votes) – 10 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District, 2.24% (6,534 votes) – 1 electoral vote</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Nevada, 2.42% (27,202 votes) – 6 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Maine, 2.96% (22,142 votes) – 2 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Arizona, 3.50% (91,234 votes) – 11 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">North Carolina, 3.66% (173,315 votes) – 15 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Colorado, 4.91% (136,386 votes) – 9 electoral votes</span>'''

States where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10% (94 electoral votes; 76 won by Trump, 18 by Clinton):

#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Georgia, 5.16% (211,141 votes) – 16 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">Virginia, 5.32% (212,030 votes) – 13 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Ohio, 8.13% (446,841 votes) – 18 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkblue;">New Mexico, 8.21% (65,567 votes) – 5 electoral votes</span>'''
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Texas, 8.99% (807,179 votes) – 38 electoral votes</span>''' 
#'''<span style="color:darkred;">Iowa, 9.41% (147,314 votes) – 6 electoral votes</span>'''

<span style="color:darkred;">Red</span> denotes states or congressional districts won by Republican Donald Trump; <span style="color:darkblue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Democrat Hillary Clinton.

=== County statistics ===
Counties with highest percentage of Republican vote:<ref name="LeipAtlas2016PrezResults"/>
# '''<span style="color:red;">[[Roberts County, Texas]] 94.58%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:red;">[[King County, Texas]] 93.71%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:red;">[[Motley County, Texas]] 92.03%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:red;">[[Hayes County, Nebraska]] 91.83%</span>''' 
# '''<span style="color:red;">[[Shackelford County, Texas]] 91.62%</span>'''

Counties with highest percentage of Democratic vote:
# '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Washington, D.C.]] 90.86%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:blue;">[[The Bronx|Bronx County, New York]] 88.52%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Prince George's County, Maryland]] 88.13%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Petersburg, Virginia]] 87.20%</span>'''
# '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Claiborne County, Mississippi]] 86.80%</span>'''

=== Maps ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Results by state, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote 2016.svg|Results by state, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
File:2016 Presidential Election by Vote Distribution Among States.svg|Results by vote distribution among states. The size of each state's pie chart is proportional to its number of electoral votes.
File:2016 Presidential Election by County.svg|Results by county. Red denotes counties that went to Trump; blue denotes counties that went to Clinton.
File:2016 United States presidential election results map by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
File:ElectorScaledUS2016.svg|A discontinuous [[cartogram]] of the 2016 United States presidential election
File:United States presidential election, 2016 Cartogram.png|A continuous [[cartogram]] of the 2016 United States presidential election
File:Cartogram—2016 Electoral Vote.svg|A discretized [[cartogram]] of the 2016 United States presidential election using squares
File:USA electoral votes 2016 hex cartogram.svg|A discretized [[cartogram]] of the 2016 United States presidential election using hexagons
File:2016 presidential election, results by congressional district (popular vote margin).svg|Results of election by congressional district, shaded by winning candidate's percentage of the vote
File:U.S. 2012 to 2016 presidential election swing.svg|County swing from 2012 to 2016
File:2016 United States presidential election - Percentage of votes cast for Gary Johnson by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for '''Gary Johnson'''
File:2016 United States presidential election - Percentage of votes cast for Jill Stein by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for '''Jill Stein'''
File:EvanMcMullin2016.svg|Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for '''Evan McMullin'''
File:2016 U.S. presidential election margins.svg|Results by state, shaded according to margin of victory
</gallery>

== Voter demographics ==
Voter demographic data for 2016 were collected by Edison Research for the [[National Election Pool]], a consortium of [[ABC News]], [[CBS News]], [[MSNBC]], [[CNN]], [[Fox News]], and the [[Associated Press]]. The voter survey is based on [[exit poll]]s completed by 24,537 voters leaving 350 voting places throughout the [[United States]] on [[Election Day (United States)|Election Day]], in addition to 4,398 telephone interviews with early and absentee voters.<ref name="cnnexit">{{cite web |title=exit polls |url=http://edition.cnn.com/election/results/exit-polls/national/president |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> Trump's crucial victories in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] were aided in large part by his strong margins among [[Higher education in the United States|non-college]] [[White people|whites]]—while [[Barack Obama|Obama]] lost those voters by a margin of 10 points in [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], Clinton lost this group by 20 percent. The election also represented the first time that Republicans performed better among lower-income whites than among affluent white voters.<ref name="ncohncoalition1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/23/upshot/how-the-obama-coalition-crumbled-leaving-an-opening-for-trump.html |title=How the Obama Coalition Crumbled, Leaving an Opening for Trump |last1=Cohn |first1=Nate |date=December 23, 2016 |access-date=December 25, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Clinton however had the majority amongst lower-income Americans overall.

Trump narrowed Clinton's margin compared to Obama by seven points among [[Black people|blacks]] and [[African Americans|African-Americans]], eight points among [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]]s, and 11 points among [[Asian Americans|Asian-Americans]]. Meanwhile, Trump increased his lead with non-Hispanic [[White people|white voters]] through one percent over [[Mitt Romney]]'s performance, and [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]], [[Alaska Natives]], and [[Pacific Islander]]s shifted their support towards the Republican candidate using the same relative amount.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/08/us/politics/election-exit-polls.html |title=Election 2016: Exit Polls |last1=Strickland |first1=Produced By Jon Huang, Samuel Jacoby, Michael |date=November 8, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 8, 2017 |last2=Lai |first2=K. k Rebecca |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Additionally, although 74 percent of [[Islam in the United States|Muslim]] voters supported Clinton, Trump nearly doubled his support among those voters compared to [[Mitt Romney]] at 13 percent, according to the ''[[Council on American–Islamic Relations]]'' exit poll.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/us/politics/donald-trump-transition.html |title=Trump Inches Toward Naming Domestic Cabinet Members |date=November 22, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref>

However, "more convincing data"<ref>Sabato, Larry J. "The 2016 Election that Broke All, or At Least Most, of the Rules", in [https://books.google.com/books?id=01t7DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 ''Trumped: The 2016 Election That Broke All the Rules''], ed. Larry Sabato, Kyle Kondik, Geoffrey Skelley. Rowman & Littlefield (2017), p. 10. {{ISBN|9781442279407}}</ref> from the polling firm Latino Decisions indicates that Clinton received a higher share of the Hispanic vote, and Trump a lower share, than the Edison exit polls showed. Using wider, more geographically and linguistically representative sampling, Latino Decisions concluded that Clinton won 79% of Hispanic voters (also an improvement over Obama's share in 2008 and 2012), while Trump won only 18% (lower than previous Republicans such as Romney and McCain).<ref>{{cite book |first1=Matt |last1=Barreto |first2=Thomas |last2=Schaller |first3=Gary |last3=Segura |chapter=Latinos and the 2016 Election |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01t7DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 |title=Trumped: The 2016 Election That Broke All the Rules |editor1-first=Larry |editor1-last=Sabato |editor2-first=Kyle |editor2-last=Kondik |editor3-first=Geoffrey |editor3-last=Skelley |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham, MD |date=2017 |pages=123–135 |isbn=9781442279407}}</ref> Additionally, the 2016 [[Cooperative Congressional Election Study]] found that Clinton's share of the Hispanic vote was one percentage point higher than Obama's in 2012, while Trump's was seven percentage points lower than Romney's.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geoffrey |last=Skelley |date=March 23, 2017 |url=http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/another-look-back-at-2016/ |title=Another Look Back at 2016: Comparing the exit poll and the Cooperative Congressional Election Study|website=[[Sabato's Crystal Ball]]|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>

Similarly, a large, multi-lingual study by the [[Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund]] found that Clinton won 79% of Asian-American voters, higher than the Edison exit poll showed, while Trump won only 18%, a decrease from McCain's and Romney's numbers.<ref>{{cite news|first=Hansi|last=Lo Wang|date=April 18, 2017|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/18/524371847/trump-lost-more-of-the-asian-american-vote-than-the-national-exit-polls-showed|title=Trump Lost More Of The Asian-American Vote Than The National Exit Polls Showed|website=[[NPR]]|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> Furthermore, according to the AALDEF's report, Trump received merely 2% of the Muslim-American vote, whereas Clinton received 97%.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund]]|url=http://aaldef.org/TheAsianAmericanVote2016-AALDEF.pdf|title=The Asian-American Vote 2016|website=aaldef.org|page=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718192119/http://aaldef.org/TheAsianAmericanVote2016-AALDEF.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2018|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>
The low percentage of Muslim votes for Trump may have been influenced by much of his rhetoric during the campaign regarding Muslims and Islam. The issue of islamophobia was demonstrated to be an important political issue for Muslim voters; an ISPU study done in 2016 found that, "...outside the issues of discrimination and Islamophobia there aren't, like, one or two big issues that unite all Muslims."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ispu.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ame2016summary.pdf |title=American Muslims in the 2016 Election and Beyond: Principles and Strategies for Greater Political Engagement, Executive Summary |last=Siddiqui |first=Tasneem |date=2016 |website=Institute for Social Policy and Understanding |access-date=April 3, 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"
|-
! colspan="8" | 2016 presidential election by demographic subgroup (Edison Exit Polling)<ref name="cnnexit" />
|-
! Demographic subgroup
! {{party shading/Democratic}}|Clinton
! {{party shading/Republican}}|Trump
! {{party shading/Independent}}|Other
! % of<br />total vote
|-
| Total vote
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 48
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 46
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 100
|-
! colspan=5|Ideology
|-
| [[Liberalism in the United States|Liberals]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 84
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|10
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 26
|-
| [[Moderates]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 52
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|41
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 39
|-
| [[Conservatism in the United States|Conservatives]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 15
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 81
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 35
|-
! colspan=5|Party
|-
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 89
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|9
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 7
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 90
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
| [[Independent (voter)|Independents]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
| style="text-align:right;" | 31
|-
! colspan=5|Party by gender
|-
| Democratic men
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 87
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
|-
| Democratic women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 90
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
| Republican men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 6
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 90
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| Republican women
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 9
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 89
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| Independent men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 51
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| Independent women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 43
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
|-
! colspan=5|Gender
|-
| Men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 47
|-
| Women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 54
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|41
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 53
|-
! colspan=5|Marital status
|-
| Married
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 59
|-
| Unmarried
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 55
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 37
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 41
|-
! colspan=5|Gender by marital status
|-
| Married men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 58
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 29
|-
| Married women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 49
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
|-
| Non-married men
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| Non-married women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 61
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
! colspan=5|Race/ethnicity
|-
| [[White American|White]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|57
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 70
|-
| [[African American|Black]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 88
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|8
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"|29
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Other
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 56
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 37
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] (of any race)
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 29
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
|-
! colspan=5| Gender by race/ethnicity
|-
| White men
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 31
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 34
|-
| White women
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| Black men
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 80
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 13
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| Black women
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 94
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
|-
| Latino men (of any race)
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 62
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| Latina women (of any race)
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 68
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 26
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
| All other races
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 61
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
! colspan=5|Religion
|-
| [[Protestantism|Protestant]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 59
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 27
|-
| [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholic]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
| [[Mormon]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 25
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 59
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Other [[Christians|Christian]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 55
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 24
|-
| [[American Jews|Jewish]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 71
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 24
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
| Other religion
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 58
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 31
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
|-
| [[Irreligion|None]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 67
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 26
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
|-
! colspan=5|Religious service attendance
|-
| Weekly or more
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;" | 40
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 54
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
| Monthly
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;" | 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| A few times a year
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 48
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 46
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 29
|-
| Never
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 62
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 31
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 22
|-
! colspan=5|White evangelical or born-again Christian
|-
| White evangelical or born-again Christian
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 16
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 81
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 26
|-
| Everyone else
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 58
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 35
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 74
|-
! colspan=5|Age
|-
| 18–24 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 56
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 35
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
|-
| 25–29 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 39
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
|-
| 30–39 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 40
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| 40–49 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| 50–64 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
|-
| 65 and older
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
|-
! colspan=5|Age by race
|-
| Whites 18–29 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| style="text-align:right;" | 12
|-
| Whites 30–44 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 54
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| Whites 45–64 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 34
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
|-
| Whites 65 and older
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 58
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| Blacks 18–29 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 85
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
| Blacks 30–44 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 89
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Blacks 45–64 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 89
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| Blacks 65 and older
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 91
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 9
| style="text-align:right;" | n/a
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Latinos 18–29 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 67
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 26
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
|-
| Latinos 30–44 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 28
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Latinos 45–64 years old
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 64
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Latinos 65 and older
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 73
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 25
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Others
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 61
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 32
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
! colspan=5|Sexual orientation
|-
| [[LGBT]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 77
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 14
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
|-
| [[Heterosexuality|Heterosexual]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 47
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 95
|-
! colspan=5|First time voter
|-
| [[Voting|First time voter]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 54
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 39
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
|-
| Everyone else
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 47
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 47
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 90
|-
! colspan=5|Education
|-
| [[Secondary education in the United States|High school]] or less
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 51
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| Some [[Higher education in the United States|college]] education
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 42
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 32
|-
| College graduate
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 49
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" |6
| style="text-align:right;" | 32
|-
| [[Postgraduate education]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 58
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 36
| style="text-align:right;" |6
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
! colspan=5|Education by race/ethnicity
|-
| White college graduates
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| White no college degree
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 28
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 67
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 34
|-
| Non-white college graduates
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 71
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 22
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| Non-white no college degree
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 75
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 20
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
! colspan=5|Education by race/ethnicity/sex
|-
| White women with college degrees
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 20
|-
| White men with college degrees
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| White women without college degrees
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 34
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 61
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| White men without college degrees
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 23
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 71
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| Non-whites
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 74
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 21
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 29
|-
! colspan=5|Family income
|-
| Under $30,000
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 41
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|-
| $30,000–49,999
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 42
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| $50,000–99,999
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" |31
|-
| $100,000–199,999
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 47
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 24
|-
| $200,000–249,999
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 48
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 3
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Over $250,000
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
! colspan=5|Union households
|-
| [[Labor unions in the United States|Union]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 51
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 42
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| Non-union
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 82
|-
! colspan=5|Military service
|-
| [[Veteran#United States|Veterans]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 34
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 60
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| Non-veterans
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 50
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 44
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 87
|-
! colspan=5|Issue regarded as most important
|-
| [[Foreign policy of the United States|Foreign Policy]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 52
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 34
| style="text-align:right;" | 14
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| [[Immigration to the United States|Immigration]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 32
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 64
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 13
|-
| [[Economy of the United States|Economy]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 52
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 42
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 52
|-
| [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Terrorism]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 57
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
! colspan=5|Region
|-
| [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 55
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 40
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 7
| style="text-align:right;" | 23
|-
| [[Southern United States|South]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 44
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
| style="text-align:right;" | 37
|-
| [[Western United States|West]]
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 39
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
| style="text-align:right;" | 21
|-
! colspan=5|Community size
|-
| Cities (population 50,000 and above)
| style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 59
| style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 35
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 34
|-
| Suburbs
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 49
|-
| Rural areas
| style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 32
| style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
|}

=== Viewership ===
The 2016 election was highly-viewed, setting viewership records on [[CNN]] and [[Fox News]]. Over 28 million people watched the election on [[cable television]], with 63.99 million viewers including broadcast television. While more highly-viewed than 2012 (60.86 million viewers), it was less viewed than 2008 (71.5 million viewers).<ref name="viewershipstats">{{Cite web |url=http://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/2016-election-night-poised-to-be-most-watched-ever/310418 |url-access=registration |title=2016 Election Night poised to be most-watched in history |date=November 7, 2016 |website=Adweek |access-date=March 28, 2020}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Legend'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|cable news network
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
|broadcast network
|}
{{col-break}}
'''Total television viewers<br />8:00 to 11:00&nbsp;p.m. EST'''<ref name="viewershipstats" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Network !! Viewers
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[CNN]] || 13,258,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[Fox News Channel|FNC]] || 12,112,000
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| [[NBC]] || 11,152,000
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] || 9,236,000
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| [[CBS]] || 8,008,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[MSNBC]] || 5,945,000
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] || 4,196,000
|}
{{col-break}}
'''Total cable TV viewers<br />2:00 to 3:00&nbsp;a.m. EST'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Network !! Viewers
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[Fox News Channel|FNC]] || 9,778,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[CNN]] || 6,452,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[MSNBC]] || 2,858,000
|}
{{col-break}}
'''Cable TV viewers 25 to 54<br />2:00 to 3:00&nbsp;a.m. EST'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Network !! Viewers
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[Fox News Channel|FNC]] || 3,955,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[CNN]] || 3,372,000
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| [[MSNBC]] || 1,207,000
|}
{{col-end}}

== Comparison to polls and other forecasts ==
[[File:General election polls 2016 Clinton v Trump.svg|thumb|Final polling averages for the 2016 election by state. Polls from lightly shaded states are older than September 1, 2016. {{aligned table|fullwidth=y|leftright=y
|{{legend inline|#698dc5}}{{legend inline|#b0ceff|'''[[Hillary Clinton]]'''}}|'''216'''
|{{legend inline|#f07763}}{{legend inline|#ffb6b6|'''[[Donald Trump]]'''}}|'''184'''
|{{legend striped|#698dc5|#f07763|'''[[Margin of error]] between Clinton and Trump'''}}|'''134'''
|{{legend|#c1c1c1|'''No data''' }}|'''4'''
}}]]

{{further|Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election|Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election}}

Various methods were used to [[Political forecasting|forecast the outcome]] of the 2016 election.<ref name="ef">{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756223/obo-9780199756223-0023.xml |title=Election forecasting |last1=Stegmaier |first1=Mary |last2=Norpoth |first2=Helmut |date=September 30, 2013|access-date=September 26, 2016 |doi=10.1093/obo/9780199756223-0023}}</ref> There were many competing election forecast approaches including [[Nate Silver]]'s [[FiveThirtyEight]], [[The Upshot]] at ''The New York Times'', ''[[Daily Kos]]'', [[Princeton University|Princeton Election Consortium]], [[Cook Political Report]], [[Stuart Rothenberg|Rothenberg and Gonzales]], PollyVote, [[Sabato's Crystal Ball]] and [[Electoral-vote.com|Electoral-Vote]]. These models mostly showed a Democratic advantage since the nominees were confirmed, and were supported by pundits and statisticians, including [[Nate Silver]] of FiveThirtyEight, Nate Cohn at ''The New York Times'', and [[Larry Sabato]] from the Crystal Ball newsletter, who predicted a Democratic victory in competitive presidential races and projected consistent leads in several battleground states around the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html |title=Who will be president? How Other Forecasts Compare |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 19, 2016 |access-date=September 26, 2016|last1=Katz |first1=Josh }}</ref> However, FiveThirtyEight's model pointed to the possibility of an Electoral College-popular vote split widening in the final weeks based on Trump's improvement in swing states like Florida or Pennsylvania. This was due to the demographics targeted by Trump's campaign which lived in big numbers there, in addition to Clinton's poor performance in several of those swing states in comparison with Obama's performance in 2012, as well as having a big number of her potential voters in very populated traditionally 'blue' states, but also in some very populated states traditionally 'red', like Texas, which were projected safe for Trump.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-trump-could-win-the-white-house-while-losing-the-popular-vote/ |title=How Trump Could Win The White House While Losing The Popular Vote |last=Wasserman |first=David |date=September 15, 2016 |website=[[FiveThirtyEight]]|access-date=February 17, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Early [[exit polls]] generally favored Clinton.<ref name=frankluntz/> After the polls closed and some of the results came in, the forecasts were found to be inaccurate, as Trump performed better in the competitive Midwestern states, such as [[2016 United States presidential election in Iowa|Iowa]], [[2016 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]], and [[2016 United States presidential election in Minnesota|Minnesota]], than expected. Three states ([[2016 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], [[2016 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] and [[2016 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]]) which were considered to be part of Clinton's [[Blue wall (U.S. politics)|firewall]], were won by Trump.<ref name=frankluntz>{{Cite news |first=Frank|last=Lutz|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/frank-luntz-ban-exit-polls-231051 |title=Frank Luntz: Ban exit polls |website=[[Politico]]|publisher=[[Capitol News Company]]|location=Arlington, Virginia|date=November 9, 2016|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> Of the states in the [[Great Lakes|Great Lakes region]], Clinton won the swing state of [[Minnesota]] by one point, as well as traditional Democratic strongholds such as [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Illinois]] with populous urban centers. This result stands in contrast to that of [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], when [[Barack Obama|President Barack Obama]] won all but [[Indiana]], which he carried in [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]]. This table displays the final polling average published by [[RealClearPolitics|Real Clear Politics]] on November 7, the actual electoral margin, and the over-performance by either candidate relative to the polls.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!State
!Electoral <br> votes
!Polling average
!Final result
!Difference
|-
!Arizona
|11
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +4<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/az/arizona_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6087.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Arizona: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +3.5
|Clinton +0.5
|-
!Colorado
|9
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +2.9<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/co/colorado_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5974.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Colorado: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +4.9
|Clinton +2
|-
!Florida
|29
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.2<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/fl/florida_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5963.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Florida: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +1.2
|Trump +1
|-
!Georgia
|16
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +4.8<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/ga/georgia_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson-5968.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Georgia: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +5.1
|Trump +0.3
|-
!Iowa
|6
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +3<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/ia/iowa_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5981.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Iowa: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +9.5
|Trump +6.5
|-
!Maine
|4
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +4.5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/me/maine_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6091.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Maine: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +2.9
|Trump +1.6
|-
!Michigan
|16
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +3.4<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/mi/michigan_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6008.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Michigan: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.3
|Trump +3.7
|-
!Minnesota
|10
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +6.2<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/mn/minnesota_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6138.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Minnesota: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +1.5
|Trump +4.7
|-
!Nevada
|6
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.8<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/nv/nevada_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson-6004.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Nevada: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +2.4
|Clinton +3.2
|-
!New Hampshire
|4
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +0.6<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/nh/new_hampshire_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6022.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—New Hampshire: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +0.3
|Trump +0.3
|-
!New Mexico
|5
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +5<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/nm/new_mexico_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-6113.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—New Mexico: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +8.3
|Clinton +3.3
|-
!North Carolina
|15
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/nc/north_carolina_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson-5951.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—North Carolina: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +3.7
|Trump +2.7
|-
!Ohio
|18
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +3.5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/oh/ohio_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5970.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Ohio: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +8.1
|Trump +4.6
|-
!Pennsylvania
|20
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +1.9<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/pa/pennsylvania_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5964.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Pennsylvania: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.7
|Trump +2.6
|-
!Virginia
|13
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +5<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/va/virginia_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5966.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Virginia: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=www.realclearpolitics.com|access-date=July 14, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +5.4
|Clinton +0.4
|-
!Wisconsin
|10
|style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"|Clinton +6.5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/wi/wisconsin_trump_vs_clinton_vs_johnson_vs_stein-5976.html |title=RealClearPolitics—Election 2016—Wisconsin: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein |website=Real Clear Politics|access-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref>
|style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"|Trump +0.7
|Trump +7.2
|}

Many pollsters were puzzled by the failure of mainstream forecasting models to predict the outcome of the 2016 election.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skibba |first=Ramin |title=Pollsters struggle to explain failures of US presidential forecasts |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=539 |issue=7629 |page=339 |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.20968 |pmid=27853221 |year=2016 |bibcode=2016Natur.539..339S|s2cid=4459714 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Graefe |first1=Andreas |title=A terrible day for election forecasters. Where are the winners? |url=http://pollyvote.com/en/2016/11/09/a-terrible-day-for-election-forecasters-where-are-the-winners/ |website=pollyvote.com |access-date=November 13, 2016 |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref> Some journalists compared the 2016 election to the failure of prognosticator Arthur Henning in the "[[Dewey Defeats Truman]]" incident from the [[1948 United States presidential election|1948 presidential election]].<ref name="grossman">{{cite web|last=Grossman|first=Ron|date=November 11, 2016|title=Flashback: It's happened before: Truman's defeat of Dewey had hints of Trump-Clinton|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-truman-defeats-dewey-1948-flashback-perspec-1113-md-20161111-story.html|access-date=December 3, 2017|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rutenberg |first1=Jim|date=November 9, 2016 |title=A 'Dewey Defeats Truman' Lesson for the Digital Age |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/business/media/media-trump-clinton.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 4, 2018 }}</ref> [[Sean Trende]], writing for ''[[RealClearPolitics]]'', wrote that many of the polls were accurate, but that the pundits' interpretation of these polls neglected polling error.<ref>{{cite web |last=Trende |first=Sean |url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2016/11/12/it_wasnt_the_polls_that_missed_it_was_the_pundits_132333.html |title=It Wasn't the Polls That Missed, It Was the Pundits |work=[[RealClearPolitics]] |date=November 12, 2016 |access-date=January 27, 2017}}</ref> [[Nate Silver]] found that the high number of undecided and third-party voters in the election was neglected in many of these models, and that many of these voters decided to vote for Trump.<ref>{{cite web |last=Silver |first=Nate |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-invisible-undecided-voter/ |title=The Invisible Undecided Voter |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=January 23, 2017 |access-date=January 27, 2017}}</ref> According to a February 2018 study by ''[[Public Opinion Quarterly]]'', the main sources of polling error were "a late swing in vote preference toward Trump and a pervasive failure to adjust for over-representation of college graduates (who favored Clinton)," whereas the share of "shy" Trump voters (who declined to admit their support for Trump to the pollsters) proved to be negligible.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kennedy|first1=Courtney|last2=Blumenthal|first2=Mark|last3=Clement|first3=Scott|last4=Clinton|first4=Joshua D|last5=Durand|first5=Claire|last6=Franklin|first6=Charles|last7=McGeeney|first7=Kyley|last8=Miringoff|first8=Lee|last9=Olson|first9=Kristen|author9-link= Kristen Olson |date=March 6, 2018|title=An Evaluation of the 2016 Election Polls in the United States|journal=Public Opinion Quarterly|language=en|volume=82|issue=1|pages=1–33|doi=10.1093/poq/nfx047|issn=0033-362X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Political scientist Lloyd Gruber said, "One of the major casualties of the 2016 election season has been the reputation of political science, a discipline whose practitioners had largely dismissed Donald Trump's chances of gaining the Republican nomination."<ref>Lloyd Gruber, "How political scientists got Trump exactly wrong." [http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/67227/1/blogs.lse.ac.uk-How%20political%20scientists%20got%20Trump%20exactly%20wrong.pdf ''USApp–American Politics and Policy Blog'' (01 Jun 2016)]</ref> Trump said that he was surprised, and added "I always used to believe in [polls]. I don't believe them anymore."{{r|bloomberg20161213}}

FiveThirtyEight's final polls-plus forecast predicted 18 states, plus the second congressional districts of [[Maine]] and [[Nebraska]], with an interval of confidence lower than 90%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-dont-ignore-the-polls-clinton-leads-but-its-a-close-race |title=Election Update: Don't Ignore The Polls—Clinton Leads, But It's A Close Race |date=November 6, 2016 |website=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2016-election-forecast/ |title=2016 Election Forecast |last=Silver |first=Nate |author-link=Nate Silver|date=June 29, 2016 |website=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |language=en-US|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> However, every major forecaster, including FiveThirtyEight, ''The New York Times'' Upshot, [[prediction market]]s aggregator PredictWise, ElectionBettingOdds from Maxim Lott and [[John Stossel]], the ''[[Daily Kos|DailyKos]]'', the [[Princeton University|Princeton Election Consortium]], the ''[[Huffington Post]]'', the ''[[The Cook Political Report|Cook Political Report]]'', [[Larry Sabato]]'s [[University of Virginia Center for Politics|Crystal Ball]], and the [[Stuart Rothenberg|Rothenberg and Gonzales Report]], called every state the same way (although Cook and Rothenberg-Gonzales left two and five states as toss-ups, respectively). The lone exception was [[Maine's 2nd congressional district]]. Of the forecasters who published results on the district, the ''Times'' gave Trump a 64% chance of winning and PredictWise a 52% chance, FiveThirtyEight gave Clinton a 51% chance of winning in polls-only and 54% in polls-plus, Princeton gave her a 60% chance, Cook labelled it a toss-up, and Sabato leaned it towards Trump.<ref name=":0"/> The following table displays the final winning probabilities given by each outlet, along with the final electoral result. The states shown have been identified by [[Politico]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/05/2016-predictions-117554 |title=The 2016 Results We Can Already Predict |website=[[Politico|Politico Magazine]]|date=May 3, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> [[FiscalNote|WhipBoard]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://whipboard.co/2016/08/voter-profiles-2016-swing-states/ |title=Voter profiles in ten 2016 swing states |date=August 8, 2016 |newspaper=Whipboard |language=en-US |access-date=January 31, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131160035/https://whipboard.co/2016/08/voter-profiles-2016-swing-states/ |archive-date=January 31, 2017 }}</ref> ''The New York Times'',<ref name="nytimes1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html |title=2016 Election Forecast: Who Will Be President? |last=Katz |first=Josh |date=July 19, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> and the Crystal Ball as battlegrounds.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! State
! The New York Times Upshot<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! [[FiveThirtyEight|Five{{shy}}Thirty{{shy}}Eight]]<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! Predict{{shy}}Wise<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! [[Sam Wang (neuroscientist)|Princeton Election Consortium]]<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! [[Sabato's Crystal Ball]]<ref name="nytimes1"/>
! [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 margin]]
! [[#Results|2016 margin]]
|-
! [[Alaska]]
| style="background:#FF557A" | 83% R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 76% R
| style="background:#f55;"| 94% R
| style="background:#f55;"| 96% R
| style="background:#FF557A" | Likely R
| style="background:#FF557A" | 14 R
| style="background:#f55;"| 15 R
|-
! [[Arizona]]
| style="background:#FF557A" | 84% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 67% R
| style="background:#FF557A" | 82% R
| style="background:#f55;"| 91% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | Lean R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 9 R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 4 R
|-
! [[Colorado]]
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 89% D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 78% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 95% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 96% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | Likely D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 5 D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 5 D
|-
! [[Florida]]
| style="background:#C655FF" | 67% D
| style="background:#EC55FF" | 55% D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 77% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 69% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | Lean D
| style="background:#EC55FF" | 1 D
| style="background:#FF00E3" | 1 R
|-
! [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| style="background:#FF557A" | 83% R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 79% R
| style="background:#f55;"| 91% R
| style="background:#FF557A" | 88% R
| style="background:#FF557A" | Likely R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 8 R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 6 R
|-
! [[Iowa]]
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 62% R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 70% R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 79% R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 74% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | Lean R
| style="background:#A055FF" | 6 D
| style="background:#FF557A" | 10 R
|-
! [[Maine|Maine (statewide)]]
| style="background:#55f;"| 91% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 83% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 98% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 98% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | Likely D
| style="background:#55f;"| 15 D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 3 D
|-
! [[Maine's 2nd congressional district|Maine (CD-2)]]
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 64% R
| style="background:#EC55FF" | 51% D
| style="background:#FF00E3" | 52% R
| style="background:#C655FF" | 60% D
| style="background:#FF55C6" | Lean R
| style="background:#A055FF" | 9 D
| style="background:#FF557A" | 10 R
|-
! [[Michigan]]
| style="background:#55f;"| 94% D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 79% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 95% D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 79% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | Lean D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 9 D
| style="background:#FF00E3" | 1 R
|-
! [[Minnesota]]
| style="background:#55f;"| 94% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 85% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 99% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 98% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | Likely D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 8 D
| style="background:#EC55FF" | 2 D
|-
! [[Nebraska's 2nd congressional district|Nebraska (CD-2)]]
| style="background:#FF557A" | 80% R
| style="background:#FF00E3" | 56% R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 75% R
| style="background:#f55;"| 92% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | Lean R
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 7 R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 3 R
|-
! [[New Mexico]]
| style="background:#55f;"| 95% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 83% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 98% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 91% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | Likely D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 10 D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 8 D
|-
! [[Nevada]]
| style="background:#C655FF" | 68% D
| style="background:#EC55FF" | 58% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 91% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 84% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | Lean D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 7 D
| style="background:#EC55FF" | 2 D
|-
! [[New Hampshire]]
| style="background:#A055FF" | 79% D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 70% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 84% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 63% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | Lean D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 6 D
| style="background:#EC55FF" | 1 D
|-
! [[North Carolina]]
| style="background:#C655FF" | 64% D
| style="background:#EC55FF" | 56% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 66% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 67% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | Lean D
| style="background:#FF00E3" | 2 R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 4 R
|-
! [[Ohio]]
| style="background:#FF00E3" | 54% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 65% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 67% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | 63% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | Lean R
| style="background:#C655FF" | 3 D
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 9 R
|-
! [[Pennsylvania]]
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 89% D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 77% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 93% D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 79% D
| style="background:#C655FF" | Lean D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 5 D
| style="background:#FF00E3" | 1 R
|-
! [[Utah]]
| style="background:#FF55A0" | 73% R
| style="background:#FF557A" | 83% R
| style="background:#FF557A" | 86% R
| style="background:#f55;"| 99% R
| style="background:#FF55C6" | Lean R
| style="background:#f55;"| 48 R
| style="background:#f55;"| 18 R
|-
! [[Virginia]]
| style="background:#55f;"| 96% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 86% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 98% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 98% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | Likely D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 4 D
| style="background:#C655FF" | 5 D
|-
! [[Wisconsin]]
| style="background:#55f;"| 93% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | 84% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 98% D
| style="background:#55f;"| 98% D
| style="background:#7A55FF" | Likely D
| style="background:#A055FF" | 7 D
| style="background:#FF00E3" | 1 R
|}

== Post-election events and controversies ==
{{see also|International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election}}

Trump's victory, considered unlikely by most forecasts,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lohr |first1=Steve |last2=Singer |first2=Natasha |title=How Data Failed Us in Calling an Election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/technology/the-data-said-clinton-would-win-why-you-shouldnt-have-believed-it.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 10, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=D.R. |title=How did the polls get it wrong? |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2016/11/economist-explains-3 |magazine=[[The Economist]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Catanese |first1=David |title=Republicans' Last Hope: The Polls Are Wrong |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/the-run-2016/articles/2016-10-24/republicans-last-hope-the-polls-are-wrong |date=October 24, 2016 |magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vogel |first1=Kenneth P. |last2=Isenstadt |first2=Alex |title=How Did Everyone Get it So Wrong? |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/how-did-everyone-get-2016-wrong-presidential-election-231036 |date=November 9, 2016 |publisher=[[Politico]] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Flint |first1=Joe |last2=Alpert |first2=Lukas I. |title=How the Media's Election Predictions Badly Missed the Mark |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bad-polling-in-hand-media-misses-mark-badly-with-election-predictions-1478710860 |date=November 9, 2016 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> was characterized as an "upset" and as "shocking" by the media.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/us/politics/donald-trump-election-reaction.html |title=Donald Trump's Victory Is Met With Shock Across a Wide Political Divide |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Arkin |first1=Daniel |last2=Siemaszko |first2=Corky |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-election-day/2016-election-donald-trump-wins-white-house-upset-n679936 |title=2016 Election: Donald Trump Wins the White House in Upset |work=[[NBC News]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/09/how-trump-won-us-election |title=How Donald Trump swept to an unreal, surreal presidential election win |date=November 9, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldmacher |first1=Shane |last2=Schreckinger |first2=Ben |title=Trump Pulls Off Biggest Upset in U.S. History |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070 |date=November 9, 2016 |publisher=[[Politico]] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> Trump himself thought he would lose even as the polls were closing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-wisconsin-232605|title=Trump tells Wisconsin: Victory was a surprise|first=Nolan D.|last=Mccaskill|website=[[Politico]]|date=December 13, 2016 }}</ref>

=== Protests ===
[[File:Protests in Los Angeles.webm|thumb|right|upright=.91|News report about the protests in Los Angeles on November 12 from [[Voice of America]]]]
{{further|Protests against Donald Trump#Post-election protests}}

Following the announcement of Trump's election, large protests broke out across the United States with some continuing for several days.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/12/us/trump-election-protests.html |title=Protests of Trump's Election Continue Into Third Day |last=Bromwich |first=Jonah Engel |date=November 11, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/09/501513889/anti-trump-protests-break-out-in-cities-across-the-country |title=Across The Country, Thousands March In Protest Against Trump's Victory : The Two-Way |last1=Domonoske |first1=Camila |last2=Overland |first2=Martha Ann |newspaper=[[NPR]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/anti-trump-protests-turn-violent-in-oregon-1478885999 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |title=Anti-Trump Protests Likely to Continue Friday and Saturday |last1=Calvert |first1=Scott |last2=McWhirter |first2=Cameron |date=November 11, 2016|access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/11/11/violence-erupts-in-portland-riot-as-anti-trump-protests-continue-in-cities-across-the-nation |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |title=As anti-Trump anger feeds protests and violence, Obama echoes appeals for unity |author1=Leah Sottile |author2=Samantha Schmidt |author3=Brian Murphy |date=November 11, 2016}}</ref>

Protesters held up a number of different signs and chanted various shouts including "Not my president" and "We don't accept the president-elect."<ref name=":2">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/11/not-my-president-elect |title=Anti-Trump protests continue across America |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":5"/> The movement organized on [[Twitter]] under the hashtags #Antitrump and #NotMyPresident.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pe.com/articles/president-818185-area-voiced.html |title=Here are all the Southern California students who walked out of high schools to protest Donald Trump |last=Ratzlaff |first=Angela |newspaper=Press Enterprise |language=en|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Reuters 2nd">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-protests-idUSKBN1343CO |title=In second day of anti-Trump protests, civil rights a top concern |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[Reuters]]|access-date=November 10, 2016 |first=Javier |last=Galeano}}</ref>

High school and college students walked out of classes to protest.<ref name=vcst>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/11/10/oxnard-students-lead-anti-trump-protests/93602958/ |title=Oxnard students took to the streets protesting Trump |newspaper=Ventura County Star |date=November 10, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> At a few protests fires were lit, flags and other items were burned and people yelled derogatory remarks about Trump. Rioters also broke glass at certain locations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/11/09/rioting-breaks-out-in-the-us-in-reaction-to-donald-trumps-shock-victory-6246293/ |first=Toby |last=Meyjes |publisher=Metro |date=November 9, 2016|access-date=November 9, 2016 |title=Rioting breaks out in the US in reaction to Donald Trump's shock victory}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-elected-president-riots-break-out-university-campuses-after-republicans-2443978 |first=Seerat |last=Chabba |newspaper=International Business Times |title=Donald Trump Elected President: Riots Break Out At University Campuses After Republican's Win |date=November 9, 2016|access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref>
Celebrities such as [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], [[Cher]], and [[Lady Gaga]] took part in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/madonna-mark-ruffalo-t-join-nyc-anti-trump-protests-article-1.2867287 |title=Madonna, Mark Ruffalo, T.I. and more celebrities join New York City anti-Trump protests |newspaper=The New York Daily News |date=November 10, 2016|access-date=November 10, 2016 |first=Nicole |last=Bitette}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://uproxx.com/music/cher-madonna-ti-donald-trump-protests/ |title=Cher, Madonna And T.I. Lend Their Support To NYC's Anti-Trump Protests |last=Gotty |first=John |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=UPROXX |language=en-US |access-date=June 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112221250/http://uproxx.com/music/cher-madonna-ti-donald-trump-protests/ |archive-date=November 12, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/4564242/lady-gaga-protest-trump/ |title=Lady Gaga Protested Outside Trump Tower During the Election |last=Lang |first=Cady |magazine=TIME |date=November 10, 2016|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s song "[[Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)|Alright]]" was used repeatedly by protestors, despite the movement receiving no endorsement from Lamar himself.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-13|title=Protestors disrupt Trump's Chicago rally by chanting Kendrick Lamar's 'Alright'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/kendrick-lamar-alright-chanted-protestors-trump-chicago-rally-a6928731.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/kendrick-lamar-alright-chanted-protestors-trump-chicago-rally-a6928731.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-01|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The History of Kendrick Lamar's "Alright" as a Protest Song|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2020/06/kendrick-lamar-alright-protest-song|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Complex|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Peter Andrew Hart|date=2016-03-12|title=Protesters Chant Kendrick Lamar's 'Alright' At Chicago Trump Protest|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kendrick-lamar-chicago-trump-protest_n_56e47e92e4b0b25c91823087|access-date=2021-10-01|website=[[HuffPost]]|language=en}}</ref> Some protesters took to blocking [[Controlled-access highway|freeways]] in [[Los Angeles]], [[San Diego]], and [[Portland, Oregon]], and were dispersed by police in the early hours of the morning.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://abc7.com/politics/thousands-protest-trump-election-in-la-block-101-freeway-downtown/1599507/ |title=Thousands protest Trump election in LA, block 101 Freeway downtown |last=Rand |first=Jory Rand bio, about Jory |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.kgw.com/news/traffic/protesters-disrupt-i-5-portland-traffic/348696903 |title=6 arrested after march disrupts I-5 Portland traffic |last=TEGNA |newspaper=KGW |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref> In a number of cities, protesters were dispersed with rubber bullets, pepper spray and bean-bags fired by police.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://abc7.com/news/police-fire-rubber-bullets-at-anti-trump-protesters-in-santa-ana;-10-arrested/1600290/ |title=Police fire rubber bullets at anti-Trump protesters in Santa Ana; 10 arrested |last=about |first=John Gregory, bio |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2016/11/10/not_my_president_tens_of_thousands |title="Not My President": Tens of Thousands Take to Streets, Block Freeways & Rally Against Trump |website=Democracy Now!|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-downtown-la-trump-protests-20161109-htmlstory.html |title=Anti-Trump protests continue for second day in California following a night of vandalism and arrests |last=Serna |first=Joseph |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0458-3035|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref>
In New York City, calls were made to continue the protests over the coming days after the election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/us/trump-election-protest-berkeley-oakland.html |title=Anti-Trump Demonstrators Take to the Streets in Several U.S. Cities |last=Fuller |first=Thomas |date=November 9, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref> Los Angeles mayor [[Eric Garcetti]] expressed understanding of the protests and praised those who peacefully wanted to make their voices heard.<ref>{{cite news |title=L.A. Mayor Praises Peaceful Anti-Trump Protests |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/la-mayor-praises-peaceful-anti-trump-protests-946312 |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |agency=Associated Press |date=November 10, 2016}}</ref>

=== Vote tampering concerns ===
[[File:How Hard Is It to Hack the US Election - November 5 2016.webm|thumb|right|200px|"How Hard Is It to Hack the US Election" video report from [[Voice of America]], November{{nbsp}}5, 2016 (three days before the election)]]

After the election, computer scientists, including [[Alex Halderman|J. Alex Halderman]], the director of the [[University of Michigan]] Center for Computer Security and Society, urged the Clinton campaign to request an [[election recount]] in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania (three swing states where Trump had won narrowly) for the purpose of excluding the possibility that the hacking of [[electronic voting]] machines had influenced the recorded outcome.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/22/politics/hillary-clinton-challenge-results/index.html |title=Computer scientists to Clinton campaign: Challenge election results |first=Dan |last=Merica |website=[[CNN]]|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/11/activists-urge-hillary-clinton-to-challenge-election-results.html |title=Experts Urge Clinton Campaign to Challenge Election Results in 3 Swing States |last=Sherman |first=Gabriel |newspaper=Daily Intelligencer|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@jhalderm/want-to-know-if-the-election-was-hacked-look-at-the-ballots-c61a6113b0ba |title=Want to Know if the Election was Hacked? Look at the Ballots |last=Halderman |first=J. Alex |date=November 24, 2016 |website=Medium |access-date=November 24, 2016}}</ref> However, statistician [[Nate Silver]] performed a [[regression analysis]] which demonstrated that the alleged discrepancy between paper [[ballot]]s and electronic [[voting machine]]s "completely disappears once you control for race and education level."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://twitter.com/NateSilver538/status/801221907609579520 |title=Nate Silver on Twitter |newspaper=Twitter|access-date=November 24, 2016}}</ref> On November 25, 2016, the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama administration]] said the results from November{{nbsp}}8 "accurately reflect the will of the American people."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/25/us/politics/hacking-russia-election-fears-barack-obama-donald-trump.html |title=U.S. Officials Defend Integrity of Vote, Despite Hacking Fears |last=Sanger |first=David E. |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref> The following day, the White House released another statement, saying: "the federal government did not observe any increased level of malicious cyberactivity aimed at disrupting our electoral process on Election Day."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/us/politics/clinton-camp-will-join-push-for-wisconsin-ballot-recount.html |title=Hillary Clinton's Team to Join Wisconsin Recount Pushed by Jill Stein |last=Sanger |first=David E. |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref>

In the years following the election, Hillary Clinton has alleged that official maleficence contributed to and may have caused her electoral loss, saying in 2022, "Literally within hours of the polls closing in 2016, we had so much evidence pouring in about voters being turned away in Milwaukee and not being able to vote in Detroit. These states were run by Republicans so there was no way to find out the truth about any of them."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Luce |first1=Edward |title=Hillary Clinton: 'We are standing on the precipice of losing our democracy' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2e667c3f-954d-49fa-8024-2c869789e32f |access-date=17 August 2023| newspaper = Financial Times| date = 17 June 2022}}</ref>

Donald Trump and New Hampshire governor [[Chris Sununu]] both complained that liberal voters from Massachusetts were illegally bused into New Hampshire for the 2016 election, and [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] blamed the same phenomenon for losing his senate race in 2014.<ref name="nh_once">{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/06/01/says-once-and-for-all-that-one-was-bused-vote/bQxQPQxyrvEOUzXTirnwDP/story.html |title=N.H. says once and for all that no one was bused in to vote |date=June 1, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |author=James Pindell |access-date=October 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064758/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/06/01/says-once-and-for-all-that-one-was-bused-vote/bQxQPQxyrvEOUzXTirnwDP/story.html |archive-date=October 26, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The New Hampshire Secretary of State and New Hampshire Department of Justice issued a report in 2018 regarding complaints of voters being bused in from Vermont, Maine, and Massachusetts for the 2016 election. They found that in every case, field inspectors were able to determine that the voters were from New Hampshire, though they were riding a bus operated by an out-of-state company (which has its name and address written on the outside of the bus, presumably the source of the confusion).<ref name="nh_once"/> Out of 743,000 votes cast, four were determined to be cast illegally, either because the voters were told to go to the wrong location, or because the voter believed they were able to vote in each town in which they owned property.<ref name="nh_once"/> Out of about 6,000 same-day voter registrations in the state, the report says only 66 voters could not have their residency confirmed (though fraud is not the only explanation for such a failure).<ref name="nh_once"/>

=== Recount petitions ===
{{main|2016 United States presidential election recounts}}

On November 23, [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] presidential candidate [[Jill Stein]] launched a public fundraiser to pay for recounts in [[Wisconsin]], [[Michigan]], and [[Pennsylvania]], asserting that the election's outcome had been affected by hacking in those states; Stein did not provide evidence for her claims.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why are people giving Jill Stein millions of dollars for an election recount? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/11/24/why-are-people-giving-jill-stein-millions-of-dollars-for-an-election-recount/ |last1=Weigel |first1=David |author-link1=David Weigel |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 24, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NYTDec13">{{cite news |title=Stein Ends Recount Bid, but Says It Revealed Flaws in Voting System |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/us/stein-ends-recount-bid-but-says-it-revealed-flaws-in-voting-system.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> Changing the outcome of these three states would make Clinton the winner, and this would require showing that fewer than 60,000 votes had been counted for Trump which should have been counted for Clinton. Stein filed for a recount in Wisconsin on November 25,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/jill-stein-submits-presidential-recount-petition-wisconsin-n688316 |title=Election recount process to begin in Wisconsin after Green Party petition |work=[[NBC News]] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref> after which Clinton campaign general counsel [[Marc Elias]] said their campaign would join Stein's recount efforts in that state and possibly others "in order to ensure the process proceeds in a manner that is fair to all sides."<ref name=splits>{{cite news |title=Clinton campaign splits from White House in backing Jill Stein recount push |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/26/hillary-clinton-attorney-jill-stein-wisconsin-recount |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Marc|last=Elias |title=Listening and Responding To Calls for an Audit and Recount |url=https://medium.com/@marceelias/listening-and-responding-to-calls-for-an-audit-and-recount-2a904717ea39 |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016 |work=[[Medium (website)|Medium]]|author-link=Marc Elias }}</ref> Stein subsequently filed for a recount in Pennsylvania on November 28,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pennlive.com/nation-world/2016/11/pennsylvania_recount_stein_cli.html |title=Jill Stein files petition seeking Pennsylvania presidential election recount |work=pennlive.com |date=November 29, 2016 |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> and in Michigan on November 30.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jill Stein files for Michigan recount |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/jill-stein-files-for-michigan-recount-232015 |website=[[Politico]] |date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Concurrently, [[American Delta Party]]/[[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] presidential candidate [[Rocky De La Fuente]] sought and was granted a partial recount in Nevada that was unrelated to Stein's efforts.<ref name="NV"/>

President-elect Donald Trump issued a statement denouncing Stein's Wisconsin recount request saying, "The people have spoken and the election is over." Trump further commented that the recount "is a scam by the Green Party for an election that has already been conceded."<ref>{{cite news |title=Read: Trump Slams Jill Stein Over 'Ridiculous' Vote Recount Effort |url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/11/26/donald-trump-reacts-jill-steins-recount-effort-presidential-election-votes |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127131148/http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/11/26/donald-trump-reacts-jill-steins-recount-effort-presidential-election-votes |archive-date=November 27, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Trump campaign and Republican Party officials moved to block Stein's three recount efforts through state and federal courts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Campaign Objects To Michigan Hand Recount |url=http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2016/12/01/trump-campaign-objects-to-michigan-hand-recount/ |website=[[CBS Detroit]] |date=December 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/02/politics/michigan-attorney-general-files-suit-to-stop-recount/index.html |title=Michigan attorney general files lawsuit to stop recount |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=December 2, 2016}}</ref>

[[Mark A. Goldsmith|U.S. District Judge Mark Goldsmith]] ordered a halt to the recount in Michigan on December 7, dissolving a previous temporary restraining order against the Michigan Board of Elections that allowed the recount to continue, stating in his order: "Plaintiffs have not presented evidence of tampering or mistake. Instead, they present speculative claims going to the vulnerability of the voting machinery—but not actual injury."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/08/politics/michigan-election-recount/index.html |title=Michigan recount halted |website=[[CNN]]|date=December 8, 2016}}</ref> On December 12, [[Paul S. Diamond|U.S. District Judge Paul Diamond]] rejected an appeal by the Green Party and Jill Stein to force a recount in Pennsylvania, stating that suspicion of a hacked Pennsylvania election "borders on the irrational" and that granting the Green Party's recount bid could "ensure that no Pennsylvania vote counts" given the December 13, 2016, federal deadline to certify the vote for the Electoral College.<ref name="ChiTrib12122016">{{cite news |date=December 12, 2016 |title=U.S. judge rejects Green Party's Pennsylvania recount case; Wisconsin recount finished |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-pennsylvania-election-recount-20161212-story.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Wisconsin recount was allowed to continue as it was nearing completion and had uncovered no significant irregularities.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Latest: Judge to Rule Monday on Pennsylvania Recount |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/latest-michigan-court-members-recount-44086754|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210110914/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/latest-michigan-court-members-recount-44086754|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 10, 2016 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=December 9, 2016}}</ref>

The recounts in Wisconsin and Nevada were completed on schedule, resulting in only minor changes to vote tallies.<ref name="WIResults">{{cite news |first=Matthew|last=DuFour|title=Completed Wisconsin recount widens Donald Trump's lead by 131 votes |url=http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/govt-and-politics/completed-wisconsin-recount-widens-donald-trump-s-lead-by-votes/article_3f61c6ac-5b18-5c27-bf38-e537146bbcdd.html |newspaper=[[Wisconsin State Journal]] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NVResults">{{cite news |title=Nevada ballot recount changes just 15 Trump, Clinton votes |url=http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/34011663/nevada-ballot-recount-changes-just-15-trump-clinton-votes |website=Fox 5 KVVU-TV |date=December 8, 2016 |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221134247/http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/34011663/nevada-ballot-recount-changes-just-15-trump-clinton-votes |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A partial recount of Michigan ballot found some precinct imbalances in Detroit, which were corrected. A subsequent state audit found no evidence of [[voter fraud]] and concluded that the mistakes, which were "almost entirely" caused by poll-worker mistakes attributed to poor training, did not impair "the ability of Detroit residents to cast a ballot and have their vote counted."<ref>{{cite news |first=Kathleen|last=Gray |title=State audit: No evidence of fraud in Detroit vote |url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/09/detroit-vote-problems-election-audit/97690514/ |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]] |date=February 9, 2017}}</ref> The overall outcome of the election remained unchanged by the recount efforts.<ref name="WIResults"/><ref name="NVResults"/><ref name="Reuters13">{{cite news |title=Green Party U.S. election recount bid comes to a close |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-recount-idUSKBN1411QE |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref>

=== Electoral College lobbying ===
{{anchor|ElectoralLobbying}}

Intense lobbying (in one case involving claims of [[harassment]] and [[death threats]])<ref>{{cite web |first=Alexandria |last=King |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/30/politics/banerian-death-threats-cnntv |title=Electoral College voter: I'm getting death threats |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=November 30, 2016 |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> and [[grass-roots]] campaigns were directed at various GOP electors of the [[United States Electoral College]]<ref name="Idaho GOP Electors Lobbied and Harassed">{{cite news |url=http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/politics-government/election/article114786018.html |title=Electoral College: Are Idaho's 4 electors being pressured to dump Trump, or harassed? |last=Dentzer |first=Bill |date=November 15, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Idaho Statesman]]}}</ref> to convince a sufficient number of them (37) to not vote for Trump, thus precluding a Trump presidency.<ref name="Intense Lobbying Continues">{{cite news |url=http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article116138613.html |title=Trump opponents' campaign to beat him at the Electoral College is a long shot |last=Kruesi |first=Kimberlee |date=November 21, 2016 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=The Idaho Statesman}}</ref> Members of the Electoral College themselves started a campaign for other members to "vote their conscience for the good of America" in accordance with [[Alexander Hamilton]]'s [[Federalist No. 68|Federalist Paper No. 68]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/meet-the-hamilton-electors-hoping-for-an-electoral-college-revolt/508433/ |title=Meet the 'Hamilton Electors' Campaigning for an Electoral College Revolt |last=O'Donnell |first=Lilly |work=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/HamiltonElectors/ |title=Hamilton Electors {{!}} Facebook|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hamiltonelectors.com/ |title=Hamilton Electors |newspaper=Hamilton Electors |access-date=November 23, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123013646/http://www.hamiltonelectors.com/ |archive-date=November 23, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/hamiltonelector |title=HamiltonElectors (@HamiltonElector)|website=[[Twitter]]|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> Former candidate [[Lawrence Lessig]] and attorney [[Laurence Tribe]] established The Electors Trust on December 5 under the aegis of [[Equal Citizens]] to provide [[pro bono]] legal counsel as well as a secure communications platform for members of the Electoral College who were considering a [[unfaithful elector|vote of conscience]] against Trump.<ref name="The Electors Trust">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/larry-lessig-electors-trump-232231 |title=Lessig, lawyers to offer support to anti-Trump electors |last=Cheney |first=Kyle|website=[[Politico]]|date=December 5, 2016 }}</ref>

On December 6, [[Secretary of State of Colorado|Colorado Secretary of State]] [[Wayne W. Williams]] castigated Democratic electors who had filed a lawsuit in Federal court to have the state law binding them to the popular vote (in their case for Hillary Clinton) overturned.<ref name="Colororado Secretary of State Castigates Litigant Electors">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/colorado-secretary-of-state-rogue-electors-232294 |title=Colorado secretary of state slams rogue electors |last=Cheney |first=Kyle|website=[[Politico]]|date=December 6, 2016 }}</ref>

On December 10, ten electors, in an open letter headed by [[Christine Pelosi]] to the Director of National Intelligence [[James Clapper]], demanded an intelligence briefing<ref name="Intelligence Briefing Demanded by Electors">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/electors-intelligence-briefing-trump-russia-232498 |title=Electors demand intelligence briefing before Electoral College vote |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |website=[[Politico]]|date=December 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OpenLettertoClapper">{{cite web |url=https://extranewsfeed.com/bipartisan-electors-ask-james-clapper-release-facts-on-outside-interference-in-u-s-election-c1a3d11d5b7b |title=Bipartisan Electors Ask James Clapper: Release Facts on Outside Interference in U.S. Election |last=Pelosi |first=Christine|website=Extra News Feed|date=December 16, 2016 }}</ref> in light of [[2016 United States election interference by Russia|Russian interference in the election to help Trump win the presidency]].<ref name="CIA Concludes Russia Aimed to Help Trump Win the Presidency">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/10/505072304/cia-concludes-russian-interference-aimed-to-elect-trump |title=CIA Concludes Russian Interference Aimed To Elect Trump |last=Mary |first=Kelly |newspaper=[[NPR]] |date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> Fifty-eight additional electors subsequently added their names to the letter,<ref name="OpenLettertoClapper"/> bringing the total to 68 electors from 17 different states.<ref>{{cite web|first=Pete|last=Williams|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coming-soon-real-presidential-election-n696556|title=Coming Soon: The 'Real' Presidential Election|website=[[NBC News]]|date=December 15, 2016}}</ref> On December 16, the briefing request was denied.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/news/310820-electors-wont-get-intelligence-briefing-report |title=Electors won't get intelligence briefing: report |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=December 16, 2016 |access-date=February 12, 2017}}</ref>

On December 19, several electors [[#Faithless electors|voted against their pledged candidates]]: two against Trump and five against Clinton. A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. The [[115th United States Congress]] officially certified the results on January 6, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caldwell |first1=Leigh Ann |title=Despite Objections, Congress Certifies Donald Trump's Election |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/despite-objections-congress-certifies-donald-trump-s-election-n704026 |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chiacu |first1=Doina |last2=Susan |first2=Cornwell |title=U.S. Congress Certifies Trump's Electoral College Victory |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-congress-idUSKBN14Q25R |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref>

=== Faithless electors ===
{{Main|Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election}}

In the Electoral College vote on December 19, for the first time since [[1808 United States presidential election|1808]], multiple [[faithless elector]]s voted against their pledged qualified presidential candidate.{{efn|The [[1872 United States presidential election|1872 presidential election]] also saw multiple electors vote for a different candidate than that pledged, due to the death of [[Liberal Republican Party (United States)|Liberal Republican]] candidate [[Horace Greeley]], after the popular vote, yet before the meeting of the Electoral College. Greeley still garnered three posthumous electoral votes which were subsequently dismissed by Congress.}} Five Democrats rebelled in [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Hawaii]], while two Republicans rebelled in [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Detrow |first1=Scott |title=Donald Trump Secures Electoral College Win, With Few Surprises |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/12/19/506188169/donald-trump-poised-to-secure-electoral-college-win-with-few-surprises |access-date=June 15, 2017 |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Two Democratic electors, one in Minnesota and one in Colorado, were replaced after voting for [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[John Kasich]], respectively.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Coolican |first1=J. Patrick |title=Minnesota electors align for Clinton; one replaced after voting for Sanders |url=http://www.startribune.com/mn-electors-meet-award-clinton-votes-amid-protests-against-trump/407477396/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Star Tribune |date=December 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="kdvr_2016-12-19">{{cite news |last1=Hickey |first1=Chuck |title=Colorado Electoral College casts all 9 votes for Clinton after elector replaced |url=http://kdvr.com/2016/12/19/colorado-electoral-college-casts-all-9-votes-for-clinton-kaine-after-elector-replaced/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |agency=Fox 31 Denver |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Electors in Maine conducted a second vote after one of its members voted for Sanders; the elector then voted for Clinton.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thistle |first1=Scott |title=Maine electors cast votes for Clinton, Trump—after protests inside and outside State House |url=http://www.pressherald.com/2016/12/19/maine-electoral-college-elector-says-he-will-cast-his-ballot-for-sanders/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Portland Press Herald |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Likewise, for the first time since [[1896 United States presidential election|1896]],{{efn|Not including [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]], because of the death of [[James S. Sherman]].}} multiple faithless electors voted against the pledged qualified vice presidential candidate.
* One Clinton elector in Colorado attempted to vote for John Kasich.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Eason |first1=Brian |last2=Frank |first2=John |title=Colorado's electoral votes go to Hillary Clinton after one is replaced |url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/12/19/colorado-electors-new-motion-federal-appeal-denied/ |access-date=November 6, 2017 |work=The Denver Post |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> The single vote was ruled invalid by Colorado state law, the elector was dismissed, and an alternative elector was sworn in who voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62">{{cite web |url=http://www.ajc.com/news/national/electoral-college-vote-live-updates-state-state-voting/sy5C2hooqtnMG8tEviTATN/ |title=Electoral College vote: Live updates on state-by-state voting |last=Lord |first=Debbie |website=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|date=December 19, 2016|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="kdvr_2016-12-19"/>
* One Clinton elector in Minnesota voted for Bernie Sanders as president and [[Tulsi Gabbard]] as vice president; his votes were discarded and he was replaced by an alternate who voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62"/>
* One Clinton elector in Maine voted for Bernie Sanders; this vote was invalidated as "improper" and the elector subsequently voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62"/>
* Four Clinton electors in Washington did not vote for Clinton (three votes went to [[Colin Powell]], and one to [[Faith Spotted Eagle]]).<ref name="nytimestrackingtheelectoralcollegevote2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html |title=Tracking the Electoral College Vote |date=December 19, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last2=Schmidt |first2=Kiersten |last1=Andrews |first1=Wilson}}</ref>
* One Trump elector in Georgia resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liebergen |first1=Stephanie |title=Georgia Elector Resigns After Publicly Refusing To Vote For Trump |url=http://www.newsy.com/stories/georgia-elector-resigns-after-publicly-refusing-to-vote-for-trump/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Newsy |date=August 3, 2016}}</ref>
* Two Trump electors in Texas did not vote for Trump (one vote went to John Kasich, one to Ron Paul); one elector did not vote for Pence and instead voted for [[Carly Fiorina]] for vice-president; a third resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate.<ref name="nytimestrackingtheelectoralcollegevote2"/>
* One Clinton elector in Hawaii voted for Bernie Sanders.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/f257bfa03cef45c3a68cd6fb6f8b8fb6|title=The Latest: Hawaii electors cast votes for Clinton, Sanders|work=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 20, 2016|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref>

Of the faithless votes, [[Colin Powell]] and [[Elizabeth Warren]] were the only two to receive more than one; Powell received three electoral votes for president and Warren received two for vice president. Receiving one valid electoral vote each were Sanders, [[John Kasich]], [[Ron Paul]] and [[Faith Spotted Eagle]] for president, and [[Carly Fiorina]], [[Susan Collins]], [[Winona LaDuke]] and [[Maria Cantwell]] for vice president. Sanders is the first [[Jewish American]] to receive an electoral vote for president. LaDuke is the first [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] member to receive an electoral vote, and Paul is the third member of the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] to do so, following the party's presidential and vice-presidential nominees each getting one vote in [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]]. It is the first election with faithless electors from more than one political party. The seven people to receive electoral votes for president were the most in a single election since [[1796 United States presidential election|1796]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
![[Electoral College (United States)#Apportionment|State]]
![[Electoral College (United States)#Nominations|Party]]
!Presidential vote
!Vice presidential vote
![[List of 2016 United States presidential electors|Name of elector]]
!References
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Nationwide''
! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" |
|[[Donald Trump]], 304
|[[Mike Pence]], 305
| rowspan="2" |''Pledged''
| rowspan="2" |
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
|[[Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign|Hillary Clinton]], 227
|[[Tim Kaine]], 227
|-
|[[Hawaii]]
! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
|[[Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign|Bernie Sanders]] ([[Progressivism in the United States|I-VT]])
|[[Elizabeth Warren]] (D-MA)
|David Mulinix
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/news/311119-democratic-elector-in-hawaii-votes-for-sanders|title=Democratic elector in Hawaii votes for Sanders|last=Hellmann|first=Jessie|date=December 19, 2016|access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Texas]]
! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" |
|[[John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign|John Kasich]] (R-OH)
|[[Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign|Carly Fiorina]] (R-VA)
|Christopher Suprun
|<ref name="statesman">Sean Collins Walsh, "[http://www.statesman.com/news/national-govt--politics/all-but-texas-members-the-electoral-college-choose-donald-trump/GSCDFHiXQvu3PiYSDMDryL/ All but two Texas members of the Electoral College choose Donald Trump]," ''Statesman.com'' (December 19, 2016).</ref><ref name="texaselectors">[https://www.texastribune.org/2016/12/19/watch-texas-electoral-college-vote-begins-texas-ca/ Texas electors cast 36 votes for Trump, one for Kasich, one for Ron Paul]. ''Texas Tribune'' (December 19, 2016). Retrieved December 19, 2016.</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" |
|[[Ron Paul 2012 presidential campaign|Ron Paul]] ([[Ron Paul#Political party identification|L-TX / R-TX]])
|Mike Pence (''as pledged'')
|Bill Greene
|<ref name="statesman" /><ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Washington (state)|Washington]]
! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Colin Powell]] (R-VA){{refn|Powell has several homes, including one in NYC (still)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realtor.com/news/colin-powell-sells-new-york-city-apartment/ |title=Gen. Colin Powell Sells His $2.8M Upper West Side Condo |date=May 24, 2016 }}</ref> and also one in DC, but is officially a VA resident per [[WikiLeaks]] emails,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/10/leaked-emails-show-colin-powells-devotion-to-city-college-105720|title=Emails detail Colin Powell's substantial role at City College|first=Conor|last=Skelding|website=[[Politico]] PRO|access-date=March 1, 2022|archive-date=May 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525041553/http://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/10/leaked-emails-show-colin-powells-devotion-to-city-college-105720|url-status=dead}}</ref> and per his 'verified' social media account.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/GenPowell/about/ |title=General Colin L. Powell—Informatio |website=[[Facebook]] |date=December 20, 2016 }}</ref>}}
|[[Maria Cantwell]] (D-WA)
|Levi Guerra
|<ref name="bigstory">Rachel la Corte, "[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/487a23bf2dd143a6833898dc2619d4f4/4-washington-state-electors-be-fined-1000-vote Four Washington state electors to be fined $1,000 for vote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226150053/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/487a23bf2dd143a6833898dc2619d4f4/4-washington-state-electors-be-fined-1000-vote |date=December 26, 2016 }}", ''bigstory.ap.org'' (December 22, 2016).</ref><ref name="breakranks">{{Cite news|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/four-washington-electors-break-ranks-and-dont-vote-for-clinton/|title=Four Washington state electors break ranks and don't vote for Clinton|last=Brunner|first=Jim|date=December 19, 2016|newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]]|access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
|[[Susan Collins]] (R-ME)
|Esther John
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" />
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
|[[Elizabeth Warren]] (D-MA)
|Bret Chiafalo
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" />
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
|[[Faith Spotted Eagle]] (D-SD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/meet-faith-spotted-eagle-the-native-elder-voted-for-president-by-a-washington-state-elector/|title=Meet Faith Spotted Eagle, who received one Washington state elector's presidential vote|date=December 19, 2016}}</ref>
|[[Winona LaDuke]] ([[Green Party of Minnesota|G-MN]])
|[[Robert Satiacum Jr.]]
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" /><ref name="washelectors">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theolympian.com/news/state/washington/article121770533.html|title=4 Washington State electors pick candidates other than Clinton|last=La Corte|first=Rachel|date=December 19, 2016|newspaper=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161221170701/http://www.theolympian.com/news/state/washington/article121770533.html|archive-date=December 21, 2016|language=en-US|via=The Olympian}}</ref>
|}

===Democratic objections to vote certification===
{{Main|2017 United States Electoral College vote count}}

On January 6, 2017, a [[Joint Session of Congress]] was held to count the Electoral College votes, pursuant to the [[Electoral Count Act]]. This count was unusual for the many unsuccessful objections raised by Democratic members of the [[House of Representatives (United States)|House of Representatives]], alleging [[Voter suppression in the United States|voter suppression]] and foreign interference.

===Handling of illegal votes===
Critics alleged racial bias after comparing the different sentences handed down to two white people and one black person who were convicted of attempting to vote illegally in the 2016 presidential election.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/crystal-mason-illegal-voting-case-race/2021/05/08/a22037d2-aea1-11eb-b476-c3b287e52a01_story.html Opinion: Would a woman have been sentenced to prison for illegal voting if she were White? Unlikely.]</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Modern history|Politics|United States}}
* [[History of the United States (2008–present)]]
* [[Inauguration of Donald Trump]]
* [[1948 United States presidential election]], another upset in the history of United States presidential elections
* [[2016 United States gubernatorial elections]]
* [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections]]
* [[2016 United States Senate elections]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist| group="nb"}}
{{reflist| group="note"}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite news |title=Rigged: How Voter Suppression Threw Wisconsin to Trump |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |date=November–December 2017 |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/10/voter-suppression-wisconsin-election-2016/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923034510/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/10/voter-suppression-wisconsin-election-2016/ |archive-date=September 23, 2018 |last1=Berman |first1=Ari}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ott |first1=Brian L. |title=The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement |journal=Critical Studies in Media Communication |date=2017 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=59–68 |doi=10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite web |last1=Patterson |first1=Thomas E. |title=News Coverage of the 2016 Presidential Primaries: Horse Race Reporting Has Consequences |date=July 11, 2016 |publisher=[[Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002002940/https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-presidential-primaries/ |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |url=https://shorensteincenter.org/news-coverage-2016-presidential-primaries/}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ross |first1=Andrew S. |last2=Rivers |first2=Damian J. |title=Digital cultures of political participation: Internet memes and the discursive delegitimization of the 2016 U.S Presidential candidates |journal=Discourse, Context & Media |date=April 2017 |volume=16 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.dcm.2017.01.001}}
*Rozell, Mark J., ed. (2017). ''God at the Grassroots 2016: The Christian Right in American Politics''. Lanham, MD: [[Rowman & Littlefield]]. 978-1538108918
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Sabato |editor1-first=Larry |editor2-last=Kondik |editor2-first=Kyle |editor3-last=Shelley |editor3-first=Geoffrey |title=Trumped: The 2016 Election That Broke All the Rules |date=2017 |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7940-7}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Schaffner |editor1-first=Brian |editor2-first=John A. |editor2-last=Clark |title=Making Sense of the 2016 Elections: A CQ Press Guide |publisher=CQ Press |date=2017 |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |isbn=978-1-5063-8418-4}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Visser |first1=Beth A. |last2=Book |first2=Angela S. |last3=Volk |first3=Anthony A. |title=Is Hillary dishonest and Donald narcissistic? A HEXACO analysis of the presidential candidates' public personas |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |date=2017 |volume=106 |pages=281–286 |doi=10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.053|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309662562}}
* {{cite book |last1=West |first1=Darrell M. |title=Air Wars: Television Advertising and Social Media in Election Campaigns, 1952–2016 |publisher=CQ Press |date=2017 |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |isbn=9781506329833}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links |d=Q699872|commons=Category:United States presidential election, 2016 |n=Category:2016 United States presidential election |wikt=no |b=no |q=no |s=no |v=no | voy=no|display=2016 U.S. presidential election}}
{{Scholia|topic}}
* [https://www.usa.gov/election Presidential election process] from [[USA.gov]], the official [[Federal government of the United States|United States Federal Government]] web portal
* {{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Government/Elections/President/2016}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140712121223/http://fec.gov/press/press2013/presidential_form2nm.shtml 2016 Presidential Form{{nbsp}}2 Filers] at the [[Federal Election Commission]] (FEC)
* {{YouTube|5NPavp5WrTE|Hillary Clinton's Concession Speech}}

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