Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:63rd Street lines

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|New York City Subway lines}}
{{for|the section of tunnel running under the East River|63rd Street Tunnel}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox rail line
|name= BMT/IND 63rd Street Lines
|image= {{rint|nycs|F|size=50}} {{rint|nycs|Fd|size=50}} {{rint|nycs|Q|size=50}}
|image_width= 150px
|caption= The IND 63rd Street Line is served by the [[F (New York City Subway service)|F]] and [[Fd (New York City Subway service)|&lt;F&gt; Express]].<br/>The BMT 63rd Street Line is served by the [[Q (New York City Subway service)|Q]].<br/>Limited BMT service is also provided by the [[N (New York City Subway service)|N]] and [[R (New York City Subway service)|R]].
|type= [[Rapid transit]]
|system= [[New York City Subway]]
|locale = [[Manhattan]] and [[Queens]]
|start= West of [[Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (63rd Street Lines)|Lexington Avenue–63rd Street]], Manhattan
|end= South of [[72nd Street (Second Avenue Subway)|72nd Street]], Manhattan; West of [[36th Street (IND Queens Boulevard Line)|36th Street]], Queens
|stations= 3
|open={{start date and age|1989|10|29}} (IND)<br />{{start date and age|1995|05|01}} (temporary usage of BMT)<br />{{start date and age|2017|01|01}} (permanent usage of BMT)
|owner= [[New York City|City of New York]]
|operator= [[New York City Transit Authority]]
|character= Underground
|linelength=
|tracks= 2–4
|gauge= {{track gauge|ussg}}
|electrification= 600 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current traction]] [[Third rail|3rd rail]]
|map={{63rd Street Line|inline=1}}
|map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''IND 63rd Street Line''' and '''BMT 63rd Street Line''', also referred to as the '''63rd Street Crosstown''', '''Crosstown Route''',<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/05/archives/more-work-on-new-manhattanqueens-subway-slated.html|title=More Work on New Manhattan‐Queens Subway Slated|last=Burks|first=Edward C.|date=1976|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 9, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> or '''Route 131-A''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nytm.pastperfectonline.com/photo/30EED2A3-9632-4871-997B-666832264070|title=Map of Modified 63rd Street Crosstown Line: 63rd Street Line (IND)|date=March 1972|website=nytm.pastperfectonline.com|publisher=New York City Transit Authority|access-date=July 3, 2016}}</ref> are two [[rapid transit]] lines of the [[B Division (New York City Subway)|B Division]] of the [[New York City Subway]] system. The two lines run under 63rd Street in the [[Upper East Side]] of [[Manhattan]], with a [[cross-platform interchange]] at the [[Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (63rd Street Lines)|Lexington Avenue–63rd Street]] station.

Each line consists of two tracks in a stacked configuration, with the southbound tracks of each line parallel to each other on the upper level, while the northbound tracks are parallel on the lower level. Crossover connections between each line's respective tracks are located just to the west of the Lexington Avenue station. The IND line, the southern of the two lines, is served by [[F (New York City Subway service)|F]] trains at all times; it connects the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]] in Manhattan to the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] in [[Queens]]. It uses the upper level of the bi-level [[63rd Street Tunnel]] to travel under the [[East River]] between Manhattan and Queens. The northern, BMT, line is served by the [[Q (New York City Subway service)|Q]] train at all times, although a limited number of [[N (New York City Subway service)|N]] and [[R (New York City Subway service)|R]] trains also serve the line during rush hours. Also known as the Second Avenue Connection,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/capital/pdf/WEB2015-2019Program_reduced.pdf|title=MTA Capital Program 2015–2019 Renew. Enhance. Expand.Amendment No. 2 As Proposed to the MTA Board May 2017|date=May 24, 2017|website=mta.info|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref>{{Rp|128}} it links the [[BMT Broadway Line]] to the [[Second Avenue Subway]], both in Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/news/pdf/MTA%202017%20Final%20Proposed%20Budget%20November%20Financial%20Plan%202017-2020%20Volume%202.pdf|title=MTA 2017 Final Proposed Budget November Financial Plan 2017 – 2020 Volume 2 November 2016|date=November 16, 2016|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=November 17, 2016}}</ref> The crossover between the lines has been used in the past during service disruptions as well as during the [[Manhattan Bridge]] closures in the late 1990s.

These lines were conceived as part of the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]'s [[Program for Action|1968 expansion plans]], and along with the [[Archer Avenue lines]] and a small section of the Second Avenue Subway, they were the only portions of the plan to be completed before it was scaled back due to fiscal issues. The IND 63rd Street Line was originally planned to be extended further east into Queens as a super-express bypass of the IND Queens Boulevard Line. After these plans were abandoned in the mid-1970s, it was commonly referred to as a "subway to nowhere" because it ended one stop into Queens, without any infrastructure connecting to other subway lines in Queens. The 63rd Street Tunnel lay unused for over a decade, and its lower level, intended for future [[Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR) service, was completed solely to support the subway line above it.

The IND 63rd Street Line between Queens and Manhattan opened on October 29, 1989, and was connected to the Queens Boulevard Line on December 16, 2001. The BMT 63rd Street Line in Manhattan was only used for regular service starting in 2017, when the [[History of the Second Avenue Subway#2007–2017: First phase|Second Avenue Subway's first phase]] opened.

==Extent and service==

The following services use the 63rd Street Lines:<ref>{{NYCS const|serviceguide}}</ref><ref name="201608 Programs"/>

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Service information
! rowspan=2 | Lines served
! rowspan=2 | Section <br /> of line
|-
! Service
! Division
|-
| align=center | {{rint|newyork|F}} {{rint|newyork|Fd}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Independent Subway System|IND]]
| [[IND Culver Line|Culver Local]], [[IND Sixth Avenue Line|Sixth Avenue Local]], [[IND Queens Boulevard Line|Queens Boulevard Express]]
| entire IND section (temporarily suspended<ref name="NBC New York 2023 v033"/>)
|-
|{{Center|{{rint|nycs|f}}}}
|[[63rd Street Shuttle]]
|Lexington Avenue–63rd Street to 21st Street–Queensbridge<ref name="NBC New York 2023 v033"/>
|-
| align=center | {{rint|newyork|Q}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation|BMT]]
| [[BMT Brighton Line|Brighton Local]], [[BMT Broadway Line|Broadway Express]], [[Second Avenue Subway|Second Avenue Local]]
| rowspan=2 | entire BMT section
|-
| align=center | {{rint|newyork|N}} {{rint|newyork|R}}<br />(limited rush hour service)<ref>
* {{NYCS const|timetable|n}}
* {{NYCS const|timetable|r}}</ref>
| [[BMT Sea Beach Line|Sea Beach Local]]/[[BMT Fourth Avenue Line|Fourth Avenue Express]], [[BMT Broadway Line|Broadway Express]], [[Second Avenue Subway|Second Avenue Local]] ({{rint|newyork|N}}) <br /> [[BMT Fourth Avenue Line|Fourth Avenue Local]], [[BMT Broadway Line|Broadway Local]], [[Second Avenue Subway|Second Avenue Local]] ({{rint|newyork|R}})
|}

The 63rd Street Lines comprise two physical pairs of trackage; each track pair's mileage is measured via different [[New York City Subway chaining|subway chaining schemes]]. One is chained as part of the [[Independent Subway System]] (IND), and the other is chained as part of the [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation]] (BMT).<ref name=":1"/><ref name="tracks3"/>

The IND line begins as a northward continuation of the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]] at [[57th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|57th Street]] station. It runs under [[Sixth Avenue]] and [[Central Park]], turning east under 63rd Street and running through the [[63rd Street Tunnel]] under the [[East River]], with stations at [[Roosevelt Island (IND 63rd Street Line)|Main Street]] on [[Roosevelt Island]] and at [[21st Street-Queensbridge (IND 63rd Street Line)|21st Street-Queensbridge]] under 41st Avenue in Queens. At its eastern end, the line merges with the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] under Northern Boulevard, west of [[36th Street (IND Queens Boulevard Line)|36th Street]] station. This line is coded as chaining route "T", with the southbound track marked as T1 and the northbound track designated T2.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="tracks3" /> Beneath the subway tunnel is a lower level used by the [[Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR). It is connected to [[Grand Central Terminal]] as part of the LIRR's [[East Side Access]] project, which commenced operations in 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/151214_0930_LIRR.pdf#page=17|title=Long Island Committee Meeting December 2015|date=December 14, 2015|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=February 17, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225054749/http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/151214_0930_LIRR.pdf#page=17|archive-date=February 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MTA-ESA-EIS-Mod-AppendixB-2006">{{Cite book |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/esa_docs/eafiles06/Appendix%20B%20Upper%20Level%20Loop%20Alternative%20Analysis.pdf |title=East Side Access Modification to Environmental Impact Statement |chapter=Appendix B: Upper Level Loop Analysis |work=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|mta.info]] |publisher=[[MTA Capital Construction]] |date=April 2006|access-date=February 2, 2018}}</ref>{{rp|2}}

The BMT line begins as a northward continuation of the express tracks of the [[BMT Broadway Line]] at the [[57th Street–Seventh Avenue station]]. It runs under [[Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)|Seventh Avenue]], Central Park and 63rd Street before turning north under [[Second Avenue (Manhattan)|Second Avenue]] and merging with the [[Second Avenue Subway]]. The tracks on this line are coded with BMT chaining, labeled as tracks G3 and G4 to distinguish them from the pre-existing G1 and G2 tracks associated with the [[60th Street Tunnel]] and [[BMT Astoria Line|Astoria Line]]. The odd-numbered tracks carry southbound trains, while the even-numbered tracks carry northbound trains.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://thejoekorner.com/out-the-front/index-chaining.shtm|title=Looking out the Front – Chaining|website=thejoekorner.com|last=Korman|first=Joseph|access-date=July 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="tracks3">{{NYCS const|trackref|trackbook3}}</ref>

[[File:Lex-63rd May 2017 2.jpg|300px|thumb|left|The two 63rd Street Lines meet at [[Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (63rd Street Lines)|Lexington Avenue–63rd Street]] station]]

The two lines intersect at the [[Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (63rd Street Lines)|Lexington Avenue–63rd Street]] station, where there are [[cross-platform interchange]]s for both northbound and southbound trains. Just west of Lexington Avenue-63rd Street, two [[diamond crossover|diamond crossover tracks]] allow trains to switch between the two lines. This connection, not used in passenger service, allows trains to run from the Broadway Line to the Queens Boulevard Line and from the Sixth Avenue Line to the Second Avenue Line.<ref name="tracks3"/>

===Service history===
The first segments of the two lines opened on October 29, 1989; the IND line opened between [[57th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|57th Street]] and [[21st Street–Queensbridge (IND 63rd Street Line)|21st Street–Queensbridge]], and the BMT line opened between 57th Street-Seventh Avenue and Lexington Avenue-63rd Street. The BMT 63rd Street Line was not used for passenger service. The IND Line was usually served by {{NYCS|B}}, {{NYCS|F}} and {{NYCS|Q}} trains; during this time, Q trains ran on the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]] due to reconstruction of the [[Manhattan Bridge]]. From the line's opening until September 1990, service was provided by Q trains during weekdays, by B trains during weekends, and by an F/Q{{efn|Between 1989 and 1993, a special daily late night F/Q combination service operated, in which F trains would operate along its normal route from Coney Island to [[47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center]], then operate as a Q train to [[21st Street–Queensbridge (IND 63rd Street Line)|21st Street–Queensbridge]]. In the southbound direction, Q trains would operate from 21st Street to 47th–50th Streets, then operate as an F train along the F's normal route to Coney Island. The special F/Q service was designated as F starting in April 1993.|name=F/Q train}} combination route late nights. Starting in September 1990, evening Q service was replaced by the B instead. In April 1993, the F/Q combination designation was dropped and was simply known as F. The [[JFK Express]] also served the IND line very briefly; the service was discontinued on April 15, 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/25/if-you-took-the-plane-to-the-train-sing-the-jingle/|title=If You Took the Train to the Plane, Sing the Jingle|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|date=November 25, 2009 |access-date=July 3, 2016}}</ref> From April to November 1995, as part of the Manhattan Bridge reconstruction, the bridge's north side (Sixth Avenue) tracks closed during middays and weekends; the Q ran on the [[BMT Broadway Line]] during these times, using the BMT 63rd Street Line and switching to the IND 63rd Street Line to Queens west of Lexington Avenue-63rd Street.<ref name="Ronald Sullivan">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/26/nyregion/bridge-repairs-to-disrupt-off-peak-subway-service.html |title=Bridge Repairs to Disrupt Off-Peak Subway Service |date=March 26, 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=July 2, 2016 |author=Ronald Sullivan}}</ref>

In May 1997, [[63rd Street Shuttle]] service via the IND Sixth Avenue Line replaced F service during late nights. Between February 22, 1998, and May 22, 1999, service between the Sixth Avenue Line and the 63rd Street Line was suspended because of construction on the IND tracks. B and Q trains were cut back to 57th Street, and the late night shuttle suspended. During this time, a different [[63rd Street Shuttle|shuttle]] provided full-time service between 21st Street–Queensbridge and [[34th Street-Herald Square (BMT Broadway Line)|34th Street-Herald Square]] via the [[BMT Broadway Line]]; for instance, in 1995, this shuttle switched between the IND and BMT Lines west of Lexington Avenue station. On May 22, 1999, the B and Q returned to 21st Street–Queensbridge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejoekorner.com/brochures/index-63shutt.html|title=The JoeKorNer Brochures|website=www.thejoekorner.com|access-date=July 3, 2016}}</ref>

On July 22, 2001, the north side tracks of the Manhattan Bridge, which served the Sixth Avenue Line, closed. B and Q service on the IND 63rd Street Line was replaced with a full-time shuttle via the Sixth Avenue Line.<ref>{{cite web | title=Manhattan Bridge Service Changes | website=The New York Times | date=July 21, 2001 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/21/nyregion/manhattan-bridge-service-changes.html | access-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref> On December 16, 2001, the 63rd Street Connector to the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] officially opened, and the F was rerouted to serve the IND Line at all times, replacing the shuttle and assuming its current service pattern.<ref name="Kershaw 2001"/><ref>See:
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.thejoekorner.com/brochures/V-train-2.gif|title=The Opening of the New 63 St Connector New Routes More Options Less Crowding|date=November 2001|website=thejoekorner.com|publisher=New York City Transit|access-date=June 9, 2016|archive-date=November 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105010054/http://www.thejoekorner.com/brochures/V-train-2.gif|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.thejoekorner.com/brochures/V-train-4.gif|title=The Opening of the New 63 St Connector|date=November 2001|website=thejoekorner.com|publisher=New York City Transit|access-date=June 9, 2016|archive-date=November 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120061609/http://www.thejoekorner.com/brochures/V-train-4.gif|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On January 1, 2017, the first phase of the Second Avenue Subway opened,<ref name="SASOpens-2017"/> extending the Q (now running via the [[BMT Broadway Line]]), and some rush-hour [[N (New York City Subway service)|N]] [[short turn]] trips, along the BMT 63rd Street Line.<ref name="201608 Programs">{{cite web|url=https://progressiveaction.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/sub-division-b-general-distribution-fall-2016-wp-book.pdf|title=Sub-Division B Train Operator/Conductor Road & Non-Road Work Programs in Effect: November 6, 2016|date=July 29, 2016|website=progressiveaction.info|publisher=New York City Transit|access-date=August 19, 2016}}</ref> The Q and N then turned north to connect to the Second Avenue Subway, terminating at [[96th Street (IND Second Avenue Line)|96th Street]].<ref name="SASOpens-2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/nyregion/second-avenue-subway-opening-upper-east-side-manhattan.html|title=Opening of Second Avenue Subway: Updates|last1=Slotnik|first1=Daniel E.|date=January 1, 2017| last2=Wolfe| first2=Jonathan|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|last3=Fitzsimmons|first3=Emma G.|last4=Palmer|first4=Emily| last5=Remnick| first5=Noah|access-date=January 1, 2017}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/new-yorkers-ride-ave-subway-making-history-article-1.2930822|title=New Yorkers take historic first ride on Second Ave. subway|last1=Rivoli|first1=Dan|date=January 1, 2017| last2=Sandoval| first2=Edgar| newspaper=New York Daily News|last3=Brown|first3=Stephen Rex|access-date=January 1, 2017}}
* {{Cite news| url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/see-new-years-eve-party-and-2nd-ave-subway|title=See Inside: The 2nd Avenue Subway Opens to All|last=Nessen|first=Stephen| date=January 1, 2017|newspaper=WNYC|access-date=January 1, 2017}}</ref>  Before the Second Avenue Subway opened in 2017, the BMT line was generally not used for passenger service, except for detours due to emergencies or construction on other lines (including the aforementioned periods in 1995 and 1998). Because the line was not used in regular service from 1989 to 2016, it was not shown on the official [[New York City Subway map|subway map]], except in 1995 and 1998.<ref>{{cite web | title=New Yorkers can start using a secret subway tunnel under Central Park this December | website=Quartz | date=July 1, 2016 | url=http://qz.com/697447/new-yorkers-can-start-using-a-secret-subway-tunnel-under-central-park-this-december/ | access-date=July 3, 2016}}</ref> Prior to 2011, these tracks were also used to store train sets outside of rush hour.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://ltvsquad.com/2015/11/04/abandoned-63rd-street-platform-mezzanine-circa-2004/|title=Abandoned 63rd street platform & Mezzanine, Circa 2004|date=November 4, 2015|website=LTV Squad|access-date=July 3, 2016}}</ref>

==History==

===Early plans===
In February 1963, the [[New York City Transit Authority]] (NYCTA) proposed a two-track East River subway tunnel under 76th Street with unspecified connections to the rest of the transit network, at a cost of $139 million. In a May 2, 1963, report, the proposed site of the tunnel was switched to 59th Street. On May 24, [[Robert F. Wagner, Jr.|Mayor Wagner]] suggested that a tunnel around 61st Street "be built with all deliberate speed".<ref>{{cite news |title=61st St. Tunnel to Queens Sped |first=Charles G. |last=Bennett |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1963/05/25/90539782.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 25, 1963 |page=1
 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref> On October 17, 1963, the [[New York City Board of Estimate|Board of Estimate]] approved a new East River tunnel sited at 64th Street, noting that it would cost $30 million and take seven years to build. The 64th Street site was said to be $5.3 million less expensive, "because of easier grades and smaller curves".<ref>{{cite news |title=Subway Tunnel to Queens Voted |first=Charles G. |last=Bennett |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1963/10/18/94108238.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 18, 1963 |page=1 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

The lack of specificity about how the tunnel would be used was criticized at an early date. In December 1964, the Citizens Budget Committee said that the project, now shifted to 63rd Street, was "leading nowhere-to-nowhere". The Committee went on to propose three connections that were eventually adopted (connections to the [[BMT Broadway Line]] and [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]], both at 57th Street, and to the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] near Queens Plaza), and one that was not adopted (a connection to the [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=Proposed Subway Tube Assailed As 'Nowhere-to-Nowhere' Link |first=Clayton |last=Knowles |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/12/16/100018694.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 16, 1964 |page=33 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

The route was changed to 63rd Street because officials at [[Rockefeller University|Rockefeller Institute]] at 64th Street feared that heavy construction and later train movements so close to the institute's buildings might have adversely affected delicate instruments at the Institute and change the accuracy of the research being conducted.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Annual Report 1964–1965|publisher=New York City Transit Authority|year=1965}}</ref> The Board of Estimate approved the revised 63rd Street route on January 14, 1965, at a budget of $28.1 million and a four-year timetable, with the connections to the rest of the transit network awaiting a study that was then scheduled for completion in mid-1966. ''[[The New York Times]]'' noted that "A variety of possible connections...are under study," including possible new lines under Madison and Second Avenues. The NYCTA's chairman, Joseph E. O'Grady, said that the tunnel and the subway connections would eventually be completed at about the same time, "since construction of the tunnel takes at least a year longer than the connections".<ref>{{cite news |title=63d Street Tube Approved By City; Hearing Heated – Transit Authority Is Backed Unanimously – O'Grady Rejects Further Study |first=Charles G. |last=Bennett |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/01/15/101521638.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 15, 1965 |page=1 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

In 1966, Mayor [[John Lindsay]] gave his approval for the 63rd Street option, preferring it over the 61st Street option. Lindsay's administration proposed a new station at 63rd Street to connect with the [[Lexington Avenue/59th Street (New York City Subway)|Lexington Avenue/59th Street]] station via an underground [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] surrounded by retail areas.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2014/Long%20Island%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal/Long%20Island%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal%201966/Long%20Island%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal%201966%20-%202168.pdf|title=Lindsay Likes 63rd St. Tunnel|last=Amon|first=Robert|date=March 8, 1966|via=fultonhistory.com|work=Long Island Star-Journal|access-date=July 25, 2016}}</ref> Communities along the route of the proposed crosstown tunnel disagreed on the exact routing. Advocacy groups such as the Citizens Budget Commission, [[Citizens Union]], and the [[Commerce and Industry Association]] preferred a 61st Street routing for easier interchange with the Lexington Avenue/59th Street station. Queens civic leaders supported the 63rd Street proposal, saying that a transfer station at 61st Street would worsen congestion on the already busy Lexington Avenue Line.<ref name=":5" />

A third track was added to the plans for the tunnel in April 1966. The track would serve [[Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR) trains to east Midtown, alleviating train traffic into [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Pennsylvania Station]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/04/28/79289974.pdf|title=L.I.R.R. Will Run In Queens Tunnel – 3d Track in 63d St. Tube to Provide East Side Outlet |date=April 28, 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> That August, a fourth track was added to the plans after it was determined that LIRR trains would be too large to run on subway tracks. This amendment increased the number of LIRR tracks to two, and provided dedicated tracks for the LIRR and the subway.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/08/12/82878800.pdf|title=Tunnel From Queens to 63d St. To Have 4 Tracks Instead of 3|date=August 12, 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In November 1967, voters approved a $2.5 billion transportation bond issue, and in early 1968, under the [[Program for Action]], officials provided detailed plans for how it would be used. Among many other projects, the proposal included:<ref>{{cite news |title=$2.9-Billion Transit Plan for New York Area Links Subways, Rails, Airport |first=Richard |last=Witkin |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/02/29/77174644.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 29, 1968 |page=1 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

* Three portions of a new 63rd Street–Southeast Queens line. This included a bi-level 63rd Street tunnel for both subway and Long Island Rail Road service; a super-express bypass for the IND Queens Boulevard Line running along the [[Main Line (Long Island Rail Road)|LIRR Main Line]] between [[Northern Boulevard]] and [[Forest Hills–71st Avenue (IND Queens Boulevard Line)|Forest Hills–71st Avenue]]; and an IND Queens Boulevard branch line running along the LIRR Atlantic Branch right-of-way.
* A new Long Island Expressway line for northeastern Queens, running to [[Queens College]] and [[Kissena Boulevard]] with a later extension to [[Springfield Boulevard]]
* A new [[Archer Avenue Lines|Archer Avenue subway line]] for eastern Queens, running to 188th Street in [[Hollis, Queens|Hollis]]
* A [[Second Avenue Subway]] line, with multiple connections to the 63rd Street line

This proposal, with some modifications, received approval from the Board of Estimate on September 21, 1968.<ref>{{cite news |title=City Approves 2d Ave. Subway And 11 Other New Transit Lines |first=Seth S. |last=King |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/09/21/76882207.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 21, 1968 |page=1 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

===Construction===
[[File:21 St Queensbridge platform west side.JPG|thumb|The [[21st Street–Queensbridge (IND 63rd Street Line)|21st Street–Queensbridge]] station]]
Plans for the 63rd Street Line were approved by the [[New York City Board of Estimate]] on June 3, 1969.<ref>{{cite news|title=East River Tunnel Gets City's O.K.|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2010/Yonkers%20NY%20Herald%20Statesman/Yonkers%20NY%20Herald%20Statesman%201969%20Grayscale/Yonkers%20NY%20Herald%20Statesman%201969%20Grayscale%20-%205367.pdf|access-date=July 29, 2016|work=[[The Herald Statesman]]|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=June 4, 1969|page=5}}</ref> Groundbreaking ceremonies for the line took place on November 24, 1969, at Vernon Boulevard and 21st Street in [[Queensbridge Park]], Long Island City.<ref name=LeaderObs-63rdStTunnel-Nov201969>{{cite news|title=To Break Ground For 63rd St., East River Tunnel|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer%201969-1971/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer%201969-1971%20-%200628.pdf|access-date=July 29, 2016|work=New York Leader-Observer|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=November 20, 1969|page=8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Laurino, Hails Tunnel As Key To Queens Future|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer%201969-1971/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer%201969-1971%20-%200638.pdf|access-date=July 29, 2016|work=New York Leader-Observer|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=November 27, 1969|page=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=[[Associated Press]]|title=Subway Tunnel Started|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/Lockport%20NY%20Union%20Sun%20Journal/Lockport%20NY%20Union%20Sun%20Journal%201969/Lockport%20NY%20Union%20Sun%20Journal%201969%20-%206018.pdf|access-date=July 29, 2016|work=[[Lockport Union-Sun & Journal]]|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=November 24, 1969|location=New York City|page=17}}</ref> Workers tunneled westward from Queens, as well as in both directions under [[Roosevelt Island]]. Four {{Convert|38|ft|m|-square|adj=mid}} prefabricated sections of the 63rd Street Tunnel were constructed at [[Port Deposit, Maryland]], then towed to New York and sunk under the East River.<ref name="Prial 1971">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/08/30/archives/first-section-of-63d-st-tunnel-lowered-to-bottom-of-east-river.html|title=First Section of 63d St. Tunnel Lowered to Bottom of East River|last=Prial|first=Frank J.|date=August 30, 1971 |work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=December 25, 2016}}</ref> The first of the tunnel segments was delivered in May 1971<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/19/archives/harbor-welcome-is-given-tube-for-queens-subway.html|title=Harbor Welcome Is Given Tube for Queens Subway|date=May 19, 1971|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref> and was lowered into place on August 29, 1971;<ref name="Prial 1971"/> the last section was lowered on March 14, 1972.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/14/archives/citys-first-subway-tunnel-in-40-years-cut-through-subway-tunnel-is.html|title=City's First Subway Tunnel in 40 Years Cut Through|last=Prial|first=Frank J.|date=March 14, 1972|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref> The double-deck, {{convert|3140|ft|m|adj=on}}<ref name=LeaderObs-63rdStTunnel-Nov201969/> tunnel under the East River was "holed through" on October 10, 1972, with the separate sections of tunnels being connected.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/11/archives/governor-rockefeller-and-mayor-lindsay-attend-holing-through-of-63d.html|title=Governor Rockefeller and Mayor Lindsay Attend 'Holing Through' of 63d St. Tunnel|date=October 11, 1972|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

One section of the line that ran through Central Park was controversial because it called for {{Convert|1500|ft|m}} of [[cut-and-cover]] tunneling, which would require digging an open trench through Central Park.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/02/archives/mayor-asks-engineers-to-ease-subway-tunnel-impact-in-park-integrity.html|title=Mayor Asks Engineers to Ease Subway Tunnel Impact in Park|last=Burks|first=Edward C.|date=June 2, 1970|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In May 1970, [[Manhattan Community Board 8]] held a meeting so constituents could voice concerns about the project's impact.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/25/archives/board-sets-hearing-on-trenches-in-park.html|title=Board Sets Hearing on Trenches in Park|date=May 25, 1970|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The next month, Mayor [[John Lindsay]] told city engineers to write a report that studied ways to reduce the project's impact.<ref name=":8" /> The results of the report, released in January 1971, called for using [[tunnel boring machine]]s underneath Central Park to reduce disruption.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/01/21/archives/study-suggests-a-big-reduction-in-central-park-subway-digging.html|title=Study Suggests a Big Reduction In Central Park Subway Digging|last=Andelman|first=David A.|date=1971|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In February 1971, the NYCTA published advertisements in newspapers, seeking construction bids for the tunnels under Central Park. After the advertisements had run for three days, the NYCTA withdrew them after community and conservation groups objected.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/11/archives/transit-unit-retreats-on-park-tunnel.html|title=Transit Unit Retreats on Park Tunnel|last=Oelsner|first=Lesley|date=February 11, 1971|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Later that month, the NYCTA finally agreed to halve the width of the proposed {{Convert|75|ft|m|adj=on}}-wide cut, which resulted in a proportionate decrease in the area of affected parkland. The NYCTA also agreed to reduce disruption to the [[Heckscher Playground]], located above the proposed subway tunnel's path, by cutting construction time from three years to two years and by constructing a temporary playground nearby.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/27/archives/transit-authority-agrees-to-modify-central-park-plan-transit.html|title=Transit Authority Agrees to Modify Central Park Plan|last=Ranzal|first=Edward|date=February 27, 1971|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In March, the NYCTA again sought construction bids.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/03/26/archives/bids-sought-for-subway-tunnels-in-central-park.html|title=Bids Sought For Subway Tunnels in Ceratral Park|last=Wilford|first=John Noble|date=March 26, 1971|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The sections that connected to the existing Broadway and Sixth Avenue Lines were holed through on October 11, 1973.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/11/archives/subway-link-gains-with-mid-town-work.html|title=Subway Link Gains with Midtown Work|date=October 11, 1973|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Construction on the section between 5th Avenue and Park Avenue began in August 1974. The project involved digging a {{Convert|45|ft|m|adj=on}}-high cavern underneath the street.<ref name="NYTimes-63StLightEndTunnel-1976">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1976/09/24/79780193.pdf|title=Coming: Light at End of 63d St. Tunnel|last1=Burks|first1=Edward C.|date=September 24, 1976|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref>

On March 20, 1975, New York mayor [[Abraham Beame]] announced significant cutbacks to the plan. Construction of the Southeastern Queens extension was deferred until 1981, and the Long Island Rail Road extension through the lower level of the 63rd Street tunnel was canceled for the foreseeable future. However, it was still anticipated that the Queens Boulevard super-express and the Archer Avenue Line up to Parsons/Archer would still be completed. The Queens project, although curtailed, was given priority because it was "more advanced in construction".<ref>{{cite news |title=Beame Trims Plan For New Subway |first=Edward C. |last=Burks |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1975/03/21/76540541.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 21, 1975 |page=1 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

By January 1976, the tunnel was 95% complete.<ref name=":9" /> In May, construction was briefly halted when residents jumped into utility pits to protest the cutting of trees near the Lexington Avenue station.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/12/archives/protesters-halt-work-on-63d-street-subway.html|title=Protesters Halt Work On 63d Street Subway|date=May 12, 1976|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 9, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A US federal judge issued a stop-work order on May 13,<ref>{{cite news | title=Work on Subway Halted by Court | work=The New York Times | date=May 13, 1976 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/13/archives/work-on-subway-halted-by-court-us-judge-is-considering-charge.html | access-date=February 9, 2018}}</ref> but issued another verdict five days later that allowed construction to proceed.<ref>{{cite web | title=Despite Protests, Judge Allows Work on 63d St. Subway Station | website=The New York Times | date=May 18, 1976 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/18/archives/despite-protests-judge-allows-work-on-63d-stsubway-station.html | access-date=February 9, 2018}}</ref> Construction resumed on May 25, after three weeks of protests, and the trees were cut down anyway.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/25/archives/trees-come-down-as-subway-goes-on.html|title=Trees Come Down as Subway Goes On|date=May 25, 1976|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 9, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In summer 1976, the NYCTA announced that "it will take an extra five or six years—until 1987 or 1988—to complete the new Manhattan–Queens trunk subway line from Central Park to Jamaica via the new 63rd Street tunnel." The main cause of the delay was the 5.8-mile "super express", although it was expected that the three new Archer Avenue line stations could be ready sooner. As an interim measure, the NYCTA proposed a new station at Northern Boulevard, adjacent to the Queens Plaza, which could possibly open by 1983 or 1984.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Subway Line Delayed 5 or 6 Years |first=Edward C. |last=Burks |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1976/07/29/78829669.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 29, 1976 |page=35 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref> However, there were also a lack of federal funds, so this could not be completed immediately.<ref name="NYTimes-QBLBypassDelay-1976">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1976/06/06/76395030.pdf|title=Shortage of U.S. Funds May Delay Subway Link|last1=Burks|first1=Edward C.|date=June 6, 1976|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> By this time, there were only going to be seven stations on the 63rd Street and Archer Avenue Lines combined.<ref name="NYTimes-NYCSvsWorld-63Archer-1976">{{cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1976/08/07/75544552.pdf|title=New York Improving Subway, But Still Trails Foreign Cities|last1=Burks|first1=Edward C.|date=August 7, 1976|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> At the time, these two lines were part of the same route, the 63rd Street–Southeast Queens line.<ref name=":9" />

The Manhattan portion of the line was completed in 1976. The ''Times'' noted:

{{blockquote|Underneath Central Park lie two eerily quiet sets of tracks. They have advanced equipment – welded tracks, fluorescent lighting and rubber-based pads under the rail – that have not yet been installed on most of the system's 230 operating miles.

These tunnels were finished in 1976. This year, the contractor will tear down his two-story office in Central Park, remove the fence near Fifth Avenue and restore foliage and the bird house he damaged, at a cost of $300,000.

By 1981, five years after completion of the tunnel, the Transit Authority expects to put it to use; its brand new quiet tracks will be used as a storage yard for out-of-service trains.<ref name="nyt-1978-05-09">{{cite news |title=Planned 40-Mile Queens Subway, Cut to 15, is Costly and Behind Time |first=Grace |last=Lichtenstein |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1978/05/09/110949691.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 9, 1978 |page=68 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>}}

====Zoo York Wall====
{{see also|Zoo York (Central Park)}}
The Zoo York Wall was a [[graffiti]] wall within the line's length through Central Park, where subway writers and other street artists "made their marks" in the early 1970s. It was a temporary wall, erected by the NYCTA in 1971 to block unauthorized entry into the site of the 63rd Street Line running underneath the [[Central Park Zoo]]. Its name originates from the 63rd Street Tunnel (which it was supposed to guard), then called the "Zoo York Tunnel". During the tunnel's construction (1971–1973), the tunnel provided a subterranean gathering place for very early subway artists who hung around together in Central Park, and was named ''[[Zoo York (Central Park)|Zoo York]]'' by ''[[ALI (graffiti artist)|ALI]]'', founder of the SOUL ARTISTS graffiti crew. The name came about because it was in a ''zoo'' in New ''York'', hence "Zoo York".<ref name="Mervyn 1974"/>

Armored with polished aluminium in the futile hope of resisting spray-paint and permanent marker ink, the wall did little to dissuade teenage graffiti writers from climbing over and descending into the tunnel during its construction. [[Graffiti artist]]s also marked their territory by "tagging" the wall which had been put up around the construction site. Upon completion of the subway project in 1973, the "Zoo York Wall" was torn down.<ref name="Mervyn 1974">{{cite book |last1=Kurlansky |first1=Mervyn |last2=Naar |first2=John|title=The Faith of Graffiti  |year=1974 |publisher= Praeger Publishers, Inc. |location= New York}}</ref>

The name came about because the Central Park Zoo at that time was a classical 19th-century [[menagerie]], populated by wild animals displayed in open-air cages, who paced the bars back and forth [[neuroticism|neurotically]]—always hoping for an escape, yet paradoxically blind to the world beyond their cramped quarters. ALI noted that by contrast, here were these feral teenagers, himself included, living in a free society, who sought nothing more wholeheartedly than to crowd together in a deep, dark hole in the ground. Marvelling at their perverse urban psychologies, ALI decided that all city people were insane for seeking imprisonment in tiny apartments, offices, subway cars and the like, and declared that New York City itself was "not ''New'', but a ''Zoo!''" He named the tunnel itself "Zoo York".<ref name="Mervyn 1974"/>

===The unused tunnel===
[[File:NYC Roosevelt Island station.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Roosevelt Island (IND 63rd Street Line)|Roosevelt Island]] station|alt=The Roosevelt Island station]]
In May 1978, the ''Times'' noted, "What started out a few years ago as 40 miles of new subway routes to serve the long-suffering residents of Queens has been whittled down to 15 miles, is years behind schedule, and will cost more than twice as much as originally estimated....The line costs $100,000 a foot, will be very short and will serve only a modest number of riders." The article now noted that the Queens super-express had been deferred "to 1988 at the earliest", and the only sections in progress were the 63rd Street Line to Northern Boulevard, and "a small piece along Archer Avenue". The 63rd Street Line's opening date was projected for 1985. The plan depended on the idea that Queens Boulevard riders would be willing to exit the subway at Queens Plaza and walk a city block to a new station at Northern Boulevard to continue their trip. The NYCTA projected that this transfer would draw 11,000 passengers a day.<ref name="nyt-1978-05-09" />

By October 1980, officials considered stopping both projects and spending the money on maintaining the existing system. By then, the Archer Avenue project was projected for completion in 1984, and the 63rd Street line in 1985. The ''Times'' noted that the lower level of the 63rd Street tunnel was still under construction, even though it would remain unused indefinitely. Richard Ravitch, the MTA chairman, said that to stop the work was "so costly as to make it impractical subsequent to the construction of the subway portion." It "had to be finished – largely for structural reasons – to support the subway tunnel above". The line was described as a "tunnel to nowhere" because the tunnel would have one station in Queens, and because it would not connect to any other lines.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tunnel Project, Five Years Old, Won't Be Used |first=David A. |last=Andelman |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/10/11/111805802.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 11, 1980 |page=25 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Environment/air_quality/cmaq/research/advancing_mobility/03cmaq08.cfm|title=New York City Transit 63rd Street-Queens Boulevard Connection-New York City – Advancing Mobility – Research – CMAQ – Air Quality – Environment – FHWA|website=www.fhwa.dot.gov|access-date=July 3, 2016}}</ref>

In 1979, the New York City Department of Transportation and a steering committee started reexamining the New Routes program. The Queens Transit Alternatives Study was undertaken, evaluated 18 transit plans, and recommended that 5 be further evaluated. The MTA unveiled five proposals to local communities in the spring of 1983. The proposals ranged from leaving it as-is, with the line's terminus in Long Island City, to the original 1960s plan to connect the 63rd Street Line to the LIRR Main Line, the cost of which was now estimated at $1 billion.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2024/Ridgewood%20NY%20Times/Ridgewood%20NY%20Times%201983/Ridgewood%20NY%20Times%201983%2000361_2.pdf|title=Community Board Hears 'Subway Options' Plan|date=April 21, 1983|work=Ridgewood Times|access-date=February 2, 2018|pages=8|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]}}</ref> At [[21st Street–Queensbridge (IND 63rd Street Line)|21st Street–Queensbridge]], usage estimates for that station in 1984 were 220 passengers per hour unless a connection was made to the rest of the system.<ref name="QueensSubwayEIS-1984">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NaI4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA83|title=Queens Subway Options Study, New York: Environmental Impact Statement|date=May 1984|publisher=[[United States Department of Transportation]], [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]], [[Urban Mass Transit Administration]]|pages=83–|access-date=July 10, 2016}}</ref> These options were formally evaluated by an Alternative Analysis/Draft Environmental Impact Statement completed by the Federal Transit Administration and the MTA in May 1984.<ref name="QBL63rdLineConnector-1992" /> The MTA was studying four options for making this line more useful:<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Daley|first=Suzanne|date=November 1, 1984|title=63d St. Subway Tunnel: More Setbacks for a Troubled Project|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/01/nyregion/63d-st-subway-tunnel-more-setbacks-for-a-troubled-project.html|access-date=July 14, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="QueensSubwayEIS-1984" />

#The Queens Express Bypass: extending the line along the LIRR Main Line to [[Forest Hills–71st Avenue (IND Queens Boulevard Line)|Forest Hills–71st Avenue]]. It would be completed in 1998 and cost $931 million. This was the original plan for this line proposed in the 1968 Program for Action. This was also the only option that the MTA felt that would add passenger and train capacity to the {{NYCS|E}} and {{NYCS|F}} express services. At a proposed station at Northern Boulevard, a transfer concourse to Queens Plaza would have allowed transfers between local, express, and bypass trains.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="QueensSubwayEIS-1984" />
#Feeding the line into the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]]'s local tracks under Northern Boulevard. This alternative would be completed the earliest, by 1993; ran the shortest distance, with only 1,500 feet between 29th Street and Northern Boulevard; and was the cheapest, at a cost of $222 million.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="QueensSubwayEIS-1984" /> However,  the {{NYCS|E}} and {{NYCS|F}} services in Queens, the most crowded in the system, would not see any added capacity from such a connection,<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2024/Ridgewood%20NY%20Times/Ridgewood%20NY%20Times%201983/Ridgewood%20NY%20Times%201983%2000774_2.pdf|title=Glendale Chamber Joins Montauk Option Foes|last=DiStephan|first=Denise|date=August 18, 1983|work=Ridgewood Times|access-date=February 2, 2018|page=1|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]}}</ref><ref name=":7a">{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2024/Ridgewood%20NY%20Times/Ridgewood%20%20NY%20Times%201983/Ridgewood%20%20NY%20Times%201983%20a%2000785.pdf|title=Glendale Chamber Joins Montauk Option Foes|last=DiStephan|first=Denise|date=August 18, 1983|work=Ridgewood Times|access-date=February 2, 2018|page=8|via=[[Fultonhistory.com]]}}</ref> while the 63rd Street line would run at only {{frac|1|3}} of its total capacity, in addition to reducing the viability of future extensions to the line. It would also require the {{NYCS|G}} service to terminate at [[Court Square (IND Crosstown Line)|Court Square]] instead of operating local on the Queens Boulevard Line.<ref name="QueensSubwayEIS-1984" /> An option similar to this was ultimately chosen, and the {{NYCS|F}} was rerouted through the line to reduce congestion, with G service eliminated north of Court Square (see below).<ref name="MTA-GLineReview-2013">{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/G_LineReview_7_10_13.pdf|title=Review of the G Line|date=July 10, 2013|website=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|mta.info]]|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|access-date=August 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="subnut 2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.subwaynut.com/brochures/63detour.htm|title=E, F Detour in 2001, F trains via 63 St, E no trains running, take R instead|work=The Subway Nut|access-date=October 20, 2011|archive-date=March 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302103832/http://www.subwaynut.com/brochures/63detour.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BklynPaper-GTrainExt-April2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynpaper.com/stories/35/15/dtg_gtrainhistory_2012_04_13_bk.html|title=History shows it's not the G train 'extension' – it's the G train renewal|last1=O'Neill|first1=Natalie|date=April 13, 2012|website=[[The Brooklyn Paper]]|access-date=August 2, 2015}}</ref>
#Extending the line through the [[Sunnyside Yard]] and onto the LIRR Montauk Branch, running directly to the lower level of the [[Archer Avenue Line]] in Jamaica. The Montauk Branch in Queens is currently used for freight service, last seeing passenger service in 1998, and would have been rebuilt and electrified. The Montauk line would merge with the [[BMT Jamaica Line|BMT Jamaica elevated]] at Lefferts Boulevard just west of [[121st Street (BMT Jamaica Line)|121st Street]], using the BMT approach to the Archer Avenue subway. The Jamaica El would be truncated to [[Crescent Street (BMT Jamaica Line)|Crescent Street]] in Brooklyn and replaced by [[List of bus routes in Queens#Q49 Jamaica|bus service]]. New stations would be built at Thomson Avenue within the Sunnyside Yard, and at Fresh Pond Road (the site of the former [[Fresh Pond (LIRR station)|Fresh Pond]] station) and [[Woodhaven Boulevard]] (at the former [[Ridgewood (LIRR Lower Montauk station)|Ridgewood]] station site) along the Montauk Branch. The now-closed [[Richmond Hill (LIRR station)|Richmond Hill]] station on the Montauk Branch would be renovated and lengthened for subway service. The LIRR would have exclusive use of the tracks during overnight hours for freight service. This $594 million option would be open by 1997, but people living around the Montauk Branch opposed the proposal due to fears of increased traffic and danger from the Montauk Branch's multiple [[grade crossing]]s, though plans called for new overpasses and access roads to eliminate these crossings.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="QueensSubwayEIS-1984" />
#Extending the line to a new subway/LIRR terminal at Thomson Avenue within the Sunnyside Yard, with a walking transfer to the Queens Plaza station, and a transfer to a new LIRR route that would go to [[Rosedale (LIRR station)|Rosedale]] and [[Queens Village (LIRR station)|Queens Village]] via the Montauk Branch. The LIRR would be rebuilt, grade-separated, and electrified. The Richmond Hill station would be renovated for additional LIRR service, while the [[Hollis (LIRR station)|Hollis]] and Queens Village stations would be converted from side platform stations to island platform configurations. This $488 million option, to be completed by 1995, was also opposed by people living along the Montauk Branch.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="QueensSubwayEIS-1984" />

The suburban [[Glendale, Queens|Glendale]], [[Ridgewood, Queens|Ridgewood]] and [[Middle Village, Queens|Middle Village]] communities in central Queens strongly opposed any proposals involving the Montauk Branch, which ran through their neighborhood.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7a" /> The ultimately agreed-on plan was to connect the tunnel to the local tracks of the IND Queens Boulevard Line, at a cost of $222 million, and a timetable of at least eight years. It was estimated that the project would attract 16,500 passengers per hour. This was the cheapest plan besides doing nothing. The MTA board approved this plan on December 14, 1984.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/15/nyregion/mta-votes-to-extend-63rd-st-line.html|title=M.T.A. Votes to Extend 63rd St. Line|last=Daley|first=Suzanne|date=December 15, 1984|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 2, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The section of the line up to Long Island City was projected to open by the end of 1985.<ref name="NYTimes-63rdExtend-Dec1980">{{cite news |title=MTA Votes to Extend 63rd St. Line |first=Suzanne |last=Daley |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 15, 1980 |page=25|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/15/nyregion/mta-votes-to-extend-63rd-st-line.html}}</ref>

By June 1985, the project was again delayed indefinitely. According to ''The New York Times'', the tunnel had originally been planned to open that year, but then inspectors found that the tube was not ready for service. The tunnels had been inundated with {{convert|6|ft|m}} of water, and several girders and electrical equipment had also deteriorated.<ref>{{cite news |title=63d St. Subway Tunnel Flawed; Opening Delayed |first=Suzanne |last=Daley |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/28/nyregion/63d-st-subway-tunnel-flawed-opening-delayed.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 28, 1985 |page=1 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

Two contractors were hired to assess the structural integrity of the tunnel, and the delay was estimated at two years.<ref name=":10" /> The federal government withheld $31 million of funding for the tunnel in July 1985 due to "'wholly inadequate' management of the tunnel's construction".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/28/weekinreview/the-region-no-more-money-down-the-queens-subway-tube.html|title=No More Money Down the Queens Subway Tube|last1=Scardino|first1=Albert|date=July 28, 1985|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 13, 2018|last2=Finder|first2=Alan|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Roberts|first3=Katherine}}</ref> In August 1985, at the instigation of Senator [[Al D'Amato]], the federal government suspended funding on both the 63rd Street and Archer Avenue projects over "concerns with the construction management practices". The two projects had cost nearly $1 billion between them, of which the federal government had provided $530 million for 63rd Street and $295 million for Archer Avenue.<ref name=":10">{{cite news |title=U.S. Holds Up Aid For Subway Work |first=Jeffrey |last=Schmaltz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/18/nyregion/us-holds-up-aid-for-subway-work.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 18, 1985 |page=1 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

===Opening===
By February 1987, the MTA's contractors had concluded that the tunnel was structurally sound, although federal funding had not yet been released. The MTA approved a new plan to have the tunnel open by October 1989. The agency also proposed a $550 million, 1,500-foot connector to both the express and local tracks of the IND Queens Boulevard Line. Under the plan, the Queens Boulevard Line would be "reverse-signaled", which would accommodate Manhattan-bound trains on three out of the line's four tracks in the morning rush, and the opposite for the evening rush. This part of the plan was not projected to begin before the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news |title=M.T.A. Proposes Opening 63d Street Tunnel in '89 |first=Richard |last=Levine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/07/nyregion/mta-proposes-opening-63d-street-tunnel-in-89.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 7, 1987 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>

In June 1987, the federal government completed its own review of the project. "A little light appeared at the end of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's 63rd Street 'tunnel to nowhere' last week", the ''Times'' reported, as the government's own inspector found the tunnel sound, and released the final installment of $60 million for both the 63rd Street and Archer Avenue projects.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Money Gives 63d Street Tunnel Somewhere To Go |first1=Mary |last1=Connelly |first2=Carlyle C. |last2=Douglas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/28/weekinreview/the-region-new-money-gives-63d-street-tunnel-somewhere-to-go.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 28, 1987 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref> The first train to use the extension was the "rail polisher train", a non-revenue move that occurred on August 1, 1989.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Rail Polisher Makes First Trip through the 63rd Street Subway|journal=The Bulletin|publisher=Electric Railroaders' Association|volume=32|number=9|date=September 1989}}</ref>

The 63rd Street lines went into service on October 29, 1989, twenty years after construction began, with new stations at Lexington Avenue, Roosevelt Island, and 21st Street/41st Avenue in Queens. The IND line was served by {{NYCS service|Q}} trains on weekdays and {{NYCS service|B}} trains on weekends. The {{convert|1,500|ft|m|adj=on}} connector to the Queens Boulevard Line had not yet started construction.<ref>{{cite news |title=The 'Subway to Nowhere' Now Goes Somewhere |first=Donatella |last=Lorch |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/29/nyregion/the-subway-to-nowhere-now-goes-somewhere.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 29, 1989 |access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref> The BMT line was not in use at that time. It was built for future service options, including a connection to the Second Avenue Subway for service from the [[Upper East Side]] to [[Lower Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/capital/sas_docs/final_summary_report.pdf|title=Manhattan East Side Transit Alternatives (MESA)/Second Avenue Subway Summary Report|date=October 11, 2001|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=August 9, 2016}}</ref> From May to November 1995, the north side of the [[Manhattan Bridge]] was closed for reconstruction during middays and weekends and the [[Q (New York City Subway service)|Q]] train was routed via Broadway at this time. It used the BMT 63rd Street Line to connect to the IND 63rd Street Line and serve Lexington Avenue, [[Roosevelt Island (IND 63rd Street Line)|Roosevelt Island]], and [[21st Street–Queensbridge (IND 63rd Street Line)|21st Street–Queensbridge]] stations.<ref name="Ronald Sullivan"/>

From February 22, 1998, to May 22, 1999, [[63rd Street Shuttle]] trains operated via this line between 21st Street–Queensbridge and [[57th Street–Seventh Avenue (BMT Broadway Line)|57th Street–Seventh Avenue]], later running further to [[34th Street–Herald Square (BMT Broadway Line)|34th Street–Herald Square]].<ref name="63 St February 1998">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejoekorner.com/brochures/index-63shutt.html|title=63rd Street Shuttle Timetable Effective February 1998|date=February 1998|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|via=The JoeKorner|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031150/http://thejoekorner.com/brochures/index-63shutt.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=July 31, 2018}}</ref><ref name="May 1999 schedule">{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/127872292@N06/29122046010/in/album-72157652636594213/|title=May 1999 Subway Map|date=May 1999|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|via=Flickr|access-date=March 29, 2019}}</ref> The 57th Street/Sixth Avenue station was closed from 12:30 to 6 a.m. daily during the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mta.nyc.ny.us:80/nyct/service/bline.htm|title=B Line Av of Americas (6 Av) Express|date=February 1998|website=mta.nyc.ny.us|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990504124438/http://www.mta.nyc.ny.us/nyct/service/bline.htm|archive-date=May 4, 1999|url-status=dead|access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref> The project had initially been slated to be completed in fall 1999,<ref>{{Cite book|title=B Q All Times Service to Lexington Av/63 St, Roosevelt Island, 21 St/Queensbridge replaced by special shuttle February 22 to Fall '99|date=February 1998|publisher=New York City Transit}}</ref> but normal service resumed in May 1999, ahead of schedule.<ref name="May 1999 schedule"/> The 1998–1999 reconstructions were to replace the tracks, which had become deteriorated after eight years of use due to a flaw in the railway ties; namely, an "innovative" design of "shallow epoxy-and-sand pads" had weakened the base of the rails.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/24/nyregion/confusion-upsets-subway-riders-at-start-of-15-month-repair-in-63d-street-tunnel.html|title=Confusion Upsets Subway Riders at Start of 15-Month Repair in 63d Street Tunnel|last=Sengupta|first=Somini|date=February 24, 1998|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 29, 2016}}</ref>


<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:E63d St Ventilating Tower jeh.JPG|Ventilating tower in Manhattan (2nd Avenue & E 63rd Street)
File:63 tunnel Rooselvelt Island jeh.JPG|[[Roosevelt Island]] ventilation building
File:63rd Tunnel 41st Av 4547 jeh.JPG|Queens ventilation structure
</gallery>

===Connection to the Queens Boulevard Line===
Planning for the connection to the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] began in December 1990, with the final design contract awarded in December 1992. Two build alternatives were evaluated: a connection to the local tracks of the Queens Boulevard Line, and a connection to the local and express tracks. The goal of the project was to increase capacity on Queens Boulevard by 33% and to eliminate the dead-end terminal at 21st Street–Queensbridge. Bellmouths were constructed to allow for a future bypass line through Sunnyside Yard.<ref name="QBL63rdLineConnector-1992" />

The remaining section from 21st Street to the Queens Boulevard Line, which cost $645 million, began construction on September 22, 1994. The construction project also extended the lower level LIRR tunnel and involved a number of other elements, including the integration of ventilation plants, lowering a sewer siphon 50 feet, rehabilitation of elements of the existing line, mitigating ground water, diverting trains which continued to run through the project area and widening of the entry point to the Queens Boulevard Line to six tracks.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm |title=About NYC Transit – History |date=October 19, 2002 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019203759/http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm |archive-date=October 19, 2002 }}</ref><ref name="CivilEng-FinalConnection-Jul2000">{{cite journal|last1=Silano|first1=Louis G.|last2=Shanbhag|first2=Radmas|title=The Final Connection|journal=[[American Society of Civil Engineers|Civil Engineering]]|date=July 2000|volume=86|issue=7|pages=56–61}}</ref><ref name="QBL63rdLineConnector-1992">{{cite book|title=Final Environmental Impact Statement for the 63rd Street Line Connection to the Queens Boulevard Line|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n943AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PT95|access-date=July 23, 2016|date=June 1992|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]], [[United States Department of Transportation]], [[Federal Transit Administration]]|location=[[Queens]], New York City}}</ref><ref name="PANYNJ-AirportAccessDEIS-1994">{{cite book|title=La Guardia International Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Airport Access Program, Automated Guideway Transit System (NY, New Jersey): Environmental Impact Statement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zh83AQAAMAAJ&pg=SA3-PA25|access-date=July 23, 2016|date=June 1994|publisher=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], [[United States Department of Transportation]], [[Federal Aviation Administration]], [[New York State Department of Transportation]]}}</ref> In December 2000, the 63rd Street Connector was opened for construction reroutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.subwaynut.com/brochures/63detour.htm |title=E, F Detour in 2001, F trains via 63 St, E no trains running, take R instead |work=The Subway Nut |access-date=October 20, 2011 |archive-date=March 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302103832/http://www.subwaynut.com/brochures/63detour.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The connector was open for off-peak reroutes on January 13, 2001,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Musluoglu|first=Subutay|date=February 2001|title=63rd Street Connector|journal=New York Division Bulletin|publisher=Electric Railroaders' Association}}</ref> and regular service was expected to begin by August or September of that year.<ref>{{cite web | last=Saulny | first=Susan | title=Another Tunnel Offers Breathing Room for E and F Trains | website=The New York Times | date=November 28, 2000 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/28/nyregion/another-tunnel-offers-breathing-room-for-e-and-f-trains.html | access-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref> However, the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks]] delayed the commencement of regular service. The connector came into regular use on December 16, 2001, with the rerouting of F service at all times to 63rd Street.<ref name="Kershaw 2001" />

The 63rd Street Connector created a new path between Manhattan and the heavily traveled Queens Boulevard Line, increasing the amount of train service that could be run between Manhattan and Queens. With the F rerouted via 63rd Street, service through the [[53rd Street Tunnel]] was replaced by the {{NYCS service|V}}, a new local service that ran along the Sixth Avenue and Queens Boulevard lines.<ref name="Kershaw 2001">{{cite web | last=Kershaw | first=Sarah | title=V Train Begins Service Today, Giving Queens Commuters Another Option | website=The New York Times | date=December 17, 2001 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/17/nyregion/v-train-begins-service-today-giving-queens-commuters-another-option.html | access-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref> This service was discontinued on June 25, 2010, and replaced with a reroute of the {{NYCS service|M}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mta.info/press-release/nyc-transit/major-subway-changes-set-monday|title=MTA {{!}} Press Release {{!}} NYC Transit {{!}} Major Subway Changes Set for Monday|website=www.mta.info|access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/docs/NYCT_2010_Service_Reduction_Evaluation.pdf|title=Evaluation of 2010 Service Reductions|date=September 23, 2011|website=mta.info|publisher=New York City Transit|access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref>

===Connections to the Second Avenue Subway===
[[File:SASPhase1TBMBreakthrough.jpg|thumb|right|Workers celebrate after the [[Second Avenue Subway|IND Second Avenue Line]] Tunnel Boring Machine reaches the BMT 63rd Street Line.]]

The 63rd Street Lines were envisioned to connect the [[Second Avenue Subway]] to the [[BMT Broadway Line]], the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]], and [[Queens]]. The BMT 63rd Street Line would directly connect the upper Second Avenue Line to the Broadway Line. Construction on the IND Second Avenue Line began in 1972, but was halted in 1975 due to the [[New York City fiscal crisis]]. As a result, the BMT 63rd Street Line was not finished and instead ended abruptly at Lexington Avenue-63rd Street station. In 2007, construction on the Second Avenue line recommenced and in 2011, construction started at Lexington Avenue-63rd Street to expand and renovate the station, and to complete the connection to the Second Avenue Line. This renovation removed the walls on the platforms and opened new entrances on the Third Avenue side of the station. The [[tunnel boring machine]] being used to create the tunnels for the first phase of Second Avenue Line broke through the wall into the lower level of the BMT 63rd Street Line on September 22, 2011.<ref name="tunnel complete">{{cite web|title=Tunneling for Second Avenue Subway Complete|url=http://www.mta.info/mta/news/releases/?agency=hq&en=110922-HQ58|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=November 10, 2011|date=September 22, 2011}}</ref>

On January 1, 2017, the first phase of the Second Avenue Line opened, extending the [[Q (New York City Subway service)|Q]] and [[N (New York City Subway service)|N]] services under Central Park and eastward to the stop at Lexington Avenue–63rd Street before turning north at Second Avenue to merge with the Second Avenue Line.<ref name="SASOpens-2017"/> This created direct service between the [[Upper East Side]] and the existing [[BMT Broadway Line]].<ref name="mta.info">{{Cite web|title = MTA {{!}} Press Release {{!}} NYC Transit {{!}} MTA Advances Work On Second Avenue Subway Service|url = http://www.mta.info/press-release/nyc-transit/mta-advances-work-second-avenue-subway-service|website = www.mta.info|access-date = February 19, 2016|archive-date = February 22, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160222005540/http://www.mta.info/press-release/nyc-transit/mta-advances-work-second-avenue-subway-service|url-status = dead}}</ref> The double-decked [[Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (BMT 63rd Street Line)|Lexington Avenue–63rd Street]] station provides [[cross-platform interchange]] between the two 63rd Street lines. Northbound trains use the lower level; southbound trains use the upper level.<ref name="tracks3" />

The third phase of Second Avenue Line construction, which is not funded {{as of|2017|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ave-subway-track-open-2016-mta-article-1.1251331|title=Second Ave. subway on track to open in 2016: MTA|last=Donohue|first=Pete|date=January 20, 2013|newspaper=New York Daily News|access-date=March 25, 2013}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://pix11.com/2017/01/26/second-avenue-subway-expansion-to-be-added-to-trumps-infrastructure-priority-congresswoman-says/|title=Second Avenue Subway expansion to be added to Trump's infrastructure priorities, congresswoman says|date=January 27, 2017|website=New York's PIX11 / WPIX-TV|access-date=January 27, 2017}}
* {{Cite news|url=http://www.amny.com/transit/second-avenue-subway-a-priority-for-trump-rep-maloney-says-1.13020262|title=Maloney: Second Ave. subway is a priority for Trump|newspaper=am New York|access-date=January 27, 2017|language=en}}</ref> is proposed to include a separate connection between the IND 63rd Street Line and the Second Avenue Line, turning southwest from 63rd Street onto Second Avenue. This connection would allow trains coming from the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] to run on the Second Avenue Line to [[East Midtown|Midtown Manhattan]] and [[Lower Manhattan]].<ref name="tracks3" /> However, the MTA does not plan to run passenger trains through this connection and it would be used only for movements by non-passenger trains, although passenger service could be possible if subway capacity in Queens is increased to accommodate extra service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS): Executive Summary, page 3 |url=http://web.mta.info/capital/sas_docs/feis/executivesummary.pdf#page=3|website=mta.info|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|access-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref> Garbage piled up within the unused bellmouths for this connection; when the trash was cleaned up in 2021, MTA officials estimated that the rubbish piles might have been accumulating in the bellmouths since the 1980s.<ref name="Guse 2021 a876">{{cite web |last=Guse |first=Clayton |date=April 18, 2021 |title=MTA cleans putrid piles of trash left to fester in NYC subway tunnel for years |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-trash-piles-nyc-subway-tunnel-east-river-20210418-wtl2yjszf5hlxfk7ra3bsyfz2a-story.html |access-date=August 10, 2023 |website=New York Daily News}}</ref>

===2020s repairs===
As part of a $107 million project,<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2023 |title=Finance Committee Meeting Exhibit Book 2/21/2023 |url=https://new.mta.info/document/105986 |access-date=March 2, 2023 |website=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref>{{rp|page=123}} the tunnels were scheduled to experience numerous service disruptions in 2023 to accommodate replacement of direct fixation track and cables, installation of new signal equipment, leak remediation, and repairs to concrete surfaces. Much of the concrete track was installed in 1981, eight years before the line opened.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |date=February 13, 2023 |title=63 St Line Direct Fixation Track Rehabilitation, F Line, Queens and Manhattan, Spring through Autumn, 2023 |url=https://www.cb8m.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/63-St-Direct-Fixation-Presentation-FOR-PUBLIC-MEETINGS-2023-02-10.pdf |access-date=March 2, 2023 |website=Manhattan Community Board 8}}</ref> From August 28, 2023, through the first quarter of 2024, F trains will be rerouted via the [[53rd Street Tunnel]] between Queens and Manhattan, and weekday [[M (New York City Subway service)|M]] trains will be truncated to [[57th Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|57th Street]] in Manhattan, due to repairs in the 63rd Street Tunnel. An F shuttle train would run between [[Lexington Avenue-63rd Street station|Lexington Avenue-63rd Street]] and [[21st Street-Queensbridge station|21st Street-Queensbridge]], stopping at [[Roosevelt Island station|Roosevelt Island]], at all times except late nights. Shuttle buses would run between Queens Plaza and 21st Street–Queensbridge during the day and between Queens Plaza and Roosevelt Island at night.<ref name="NBC New York 2023 v033">{{cite web | title=F, M changes start Monday: What to know about the subway interruptions lasting until 2024 | website=NBC New York | date=August 25, 2023 | url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/f-m-changes-start-monday-what-to-know-about-the-subway-interruptions-lasting-until-2024/4624625/ | access-date=August 26, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Service changes on the F and M lines starting August 28 |url=https://new.mta.info/article/service-changes-f-and-m-lines-starting-august-28 |access-date=July 30, 2023 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref>

==Station listing==
{{NYCS service legend
| alltimes        = show
| allexceptrush   =
| allexceptnights = show
| nightsonly      =
| nightsweekends  =
| weekdaysonly    = show
| weekendsevenings= show
| rushonly        = show
| rushpeak        = show
| closed          =
}}
{| class="wikitable"
!{{Access icon}}
!Station
!Services
!Opened
!Transfers and notes
|-
!colspan=5 style="background-color: silver;"|IND Line begins as a split from the [[IND Queens Boulevard Line]] ({{NYCS 63rd connector|time=show}})
|-
|{{Access icon}}
|{{stl|NYCS|21st Street–Queensbridge}}
|{{NYCS 63rd IND|time=show}}
|nowrap|October 29, 1989
|-
!colspan=5 style="background-color: silver;"|[[63rd Street Tunnel]]
|-
|{{Access icon}}
|{{stl|NYCS|Roosevelt Island}}
|{{NYCS 63rd IND|time=show}}
|October 29, 1989
|
|-
!colspan=5 style="background-color: silver;"|63rd Street Tunnel
|-
!colspan=5 style="background-color: silver;"|BMT Line begins as a split from<ref name="tunnel complete"/> the [[Second Avenue Subway|IND Second Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS Second|time=show}})
|-
|{{Access icon}}
|{{stl|NYCS|Lexington Avenue–63rd Street}}
|{{NYCS 63rd Lexington|time=show}}
|October 29, 1989 (IND)<br />January 1, 2017 (BMT)
|[[MetroCard]]/[[OMNY]] transfer to [[IRT Lexington Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS Lexington|time=show}}) at {{stl|NYCS|59th Street|Lexington}}<br />[[MetroCard]]/[[OMNY]] transfer to [[BMT Broadway Line]] ({{NYCS Broadway 60th|time=show}}) at {{stl|NYCS|Lexington Avenue–59th Street}}
|-
!colspan=5 style="background-color: silver;"|connecting tracks
|-
!colspan=5 style="background-color: silver;"|IND Line continues as a branch of the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS Sixth 57th-63rd|time=show}})
|-
!colspan=5 style="background-color: silver;"|BMT Line continues as [[BMT Broadway Line]] express tracks ({{NYCS 63rd BMT|time=show}})
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{attached KML|display=inline,title}}
*{{YouTube|id=CrLHEbTFJgo|title=Transit Construction Progress Report Part 1 (1973)}}
*{{YouTube|id=TdIzfPD-9-c|title=Transit Construction Progress Report Part 2 (1973)}}

{{NYCS lines navbox}}
{{NYCS navbox}}
{{Central Park}}

[[Category:Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation]]
[[Category:Independent Subway System]]
[[Category:New York City Subway lines]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1989]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Program for Action]]
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