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{{see also|Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes}}
The stories of [[Sherlock Holmes]] by [[Arthur Conan Doyle|Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]] have been very popular as adaptations for the stage, and later film, and still later television. The four volumes of the ''Universal Sherlock Holmes'' (1995) compiled by Ronald B. De Waal lists over 25,000 Holmes-related productions and products.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcJFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR62|title=The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (Non-slipcased Edition) (Vol. 1) (The Annotated Books)|last=Doyle|first=Arthur Conan|date=2007-11-05|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=9780393059144|pages=lxii|language=en}}</ref> They include the original writings, "together with the translations of these tales into sixty-three languages, plus Braille and shorthand, the writings about the Writings or higher criticism, writings about Sherlockians and their societies, memorials and memorabilia, games, puzzles and quizzes, phonograph records, audio and video tapes, compact discs, laser discs, ballets, films, musicals, operettas, oratorios, plays, radio and television programs, parodies and pastiches, children's books, cartoons, comics, and a multitude of other items — from advertisements to wine — that have accumulated throughout the world on the two most famous characters in literature."<ref>{{Cite web|last=De Waal|first=Ronald Burt|title="The Universal Sherlock Holmes" {{!}} University of Minnesota Libraries|url=https://www.lib.umn.edu/scrbm/ush/intro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111205259/https://www.lib.umn.edu/scrbm/ush/intro|archive-date=November 11, 2014|access-date=2016-12-28|website=www.lib.umn.edu}}</ref>

==Board games==
The board game ''[[221B Baker Street (board game)|221B Baker Street]]'' ([[Gibsons Games]]) was first developed in 1975, and the book-based game ''[[Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective (gamebook)|Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective]]'' (Sleuth Publications) was published in 1981. Multiple expansions have since been published for both games. The board game ''A Study in Emerald'', released in 2013, was based on the Sherlock Holmes pastiche "[[A Study in Emerald]]" by [[Neil Gaiman]]. Other Sherlock Holmes board games include ''Watson & Holmes'' (Ludonova, 2015),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/182694/watson-holmes|title=Watson & Holmes (2015)|website=BoardGameGeek|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> ''Beyond Baker Street'' (Z-Man Games, 2016),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/168681/beyond-baker-street|website=BoardGameGeek|title=Beyond Baker Street (2016)|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> and ''Sherlock Holmes and Moriarty's Web'' (2016).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/209642/sherlock-holmes-and-moriartys-web|website=BoardGameGeek|title=Sherlock Holmes and Moriarty's Web (2016)|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Card games based on Sherlock Holmes include ''I Say, Holmes!'' (2007, updated 2014),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/159087/i-say-holmes-second-edition|title=I Say, Holmes! (Second Edition) (2014)|website=BoardGameGeek|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> ''Holmes: Sherlock & Mycroft'' (Devir Games, 2015),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/174078/holmes-sherlock-mycroft|title=Holmes: Sherlock & Mycroft (2015)|website=BoardGameGeek|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> and ''Clash of Minds: Holmes vs Moriarty'' (2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/264821/clash-minds-holmes-vs-moriarty|title=Clash of Minds: Holmes vs Moriarty (2019)|website=BoardGameGeek|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref>

==Comic strip==
Three ''Sherlock Holmes'' adaptations have appeared in American newspapers. The first, titled ''Sherlock Holmes'', ran from 1930 to 1931. ''Sherlock Holmes'' was drawn by Leo O'Mealia (who later drew covers for ''[[Action Comics]]'') and distributed by the [[Bell Syndicate]].<ref>[[Ron Goulart]], ''The Funnies:100 Years of American Comic Strips'', Holbrook, Mass.:Adams Publishing, 1995. {{ISBN|094473524X}} (pp. 104, 106)</ref>  A short-lived half-page Sherlock Holmes comic strip appeared daily and Sunday in the 1950s, written by radio scriptwriter [[Edith Meiser]] and drawn by [[Frank Giacoia]].<ref>Goulart, 1995 (p.198)</ref>  The third adaptation "Mr. Holmes of Baker Street" by Bill Barry appeared in 1976-1977. This adaptation of the famous detective was not very popular down south, but experienced a series of faithful followers in northern states.

==Books==
===Novels/Novellas===
{{Main|List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories|Sherlock Holmes pastiches#Print}}
There are many novels, novellas, and short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes that were written by authors other than Arthur Conan Doyle.

===Comic books===
[[File:Sherlock Holmes 1 Charlton Comics.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Front cover of issue #1 of ''Sherlock Holmes'' published by [[Charlton Comics]] in October 1955]]
Despite the character's near-ubiquitous presence in other media and household recognition, in comic books Sherlock Holmes has been limited to the occasional miniseries or guest appearance. Sherlock Holmes cover artist [[Walt Simonson]] has speculated that this may be because the period setting is so difficult to draw.<ref name="back71">{{cite journal |last=Trumbull|first=John|title=221B at DC: Sherlock Holmes at DC Comics|journal=[[Back Issue!]]|issue=71|pages=38–39|publisher=[[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|date=April 2014|location=Raleigh, North Carolina}}</ref>

[[DC Comics]]' ''Sherlock Holmes'' one-shot (cover-dated September–October 1975) adapts "[[The Final Problem]]" and "[[The Adventure of the Empty House]]". The one-shot's creative team of [[Dennis O'Neil]] (writer) and [[E. R. Cruz]] (artist) had coincidentally just come off of adapting another pulp crimefighter for DC, [[The Shadow]].<ref name="back71"/> O'Neil and Cruz would each shortly take an additional turn at the character: ''[[The Joker (comic book)|The Joker]]'' #6, written by O'Neil, pitted Holmes (actually an actor suffering a head injury) against the title character, and the 50th anniversary issue of ''[[Detective Comics]]'', drawn by Cruz, additionally commemorated the 100th anniversary of Sherlock Holmes.<ref name="back71"/>

[[Marvel Comics]] presents Sherlock Holmes as being the male identity of the primarily female-presenting [[Mystique (character)|Mystque]], who while in her male form, presents as the [[gentleman detective]], and conceives a child, [[Nightcrawler (character)|Nightcrawler]], with her wife, [[Destiny (Irene Adler)]]. Separately, a different version of Holmes from the "Ideaverse" appears as the main protagonist of ''[[Deadpool Killustrated]]''.

[[SelfMadeHero]] published "Hound of the Baskervilles", adapted by Ian Edginton and illustrated by Ian Culbard, in May 2009.

In ''[[The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen]]'', Holmes appears in a flashback sequence depicting the climactic scene of "The Final Problem" and is still believed by the public to be deceased, although it is revealed in the second volume that Mina later meets with him.

In the 1990s, [[Caliber Comics]] issued a four-part ''Sherlock Holmes Reader'' which features quotes from Holmes, a map of 221-B Baker Street, and canon story adaptations<ref name="calibercomics">{{cite web|url=http://www.calibercomics.com/TITLES/SherlockHolmes.htm |title=Sherlock Holmes Comics |access-date=2012-02-05 |publisher=[[Caliber Comics]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205013441/http://www.calibercomics.com/TITLES/SherlockHolmes.htm |archive-date=2012-02-05 }}</ref> as well as individual stories such as ''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Holmes''<ref name="calibercomics"/> and ''The Sussex Vampire''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comicvine.com/the-sussex-vampire-one-shot/37-259242/ |title=The Sussex Vampire |access-date=2012-02-05  |publisher=Comic Vine }}</ref>

2009 brought the [[Black House Comics]] series ''The Dark Detective: Sherlock Holmes''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blackhousecomics.com/the-dark-detective-sherlock-holmes.html |title=The Dark Detective: Sherlock Holmes |access-date=2012-02-05 |publisher=[[Black House Comics]] }}</ref> The series is written by [[Christopher Sequeira]] with covers by [[Academy Award]] winning artist [[Dave Elsey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/queensland/a/-/entertainment/8922814/dave-elsey-wins-make-up-oscar/ |title=Dave Elsey Wins Oscar |access-date=2012-02-05 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 2010, [[Boom! Studios]] published a four-part series entitled ''[[The Muppet Show (comics)#Muppet Sherlock Holmes (4 Issues)|Muppet Sherlock Holmes]]'' which featured [[Gonzo the Great|Gonzo]] as Holmes,<ref name="cbrmuppet">{{cite web |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=user_review&id=2661 |title=Review: Muppet Sherlock Holmes #1 |date=16 September 2010 |access-date=2012-02-05 |publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]] }}</ref> [[Fozzie Bear]] as Dr. Watson,<ref name="cbrmuppet"/> and [[Kermit the Frog]] as Inspector Lestrade.<ref name="cbrmuppet"/>

In 2013, ''New Paradigm Studios'' began publishing a monthly, ongoing series entitled ''Watson and Holmes.'' The series re-imagines Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson as living in the 21st Century and living in Harlem.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newparadigmstudios.com/about/watson-and-holmes/ |title=WATSON AND HOLMES : New Paradigm Studios |access-date=2014-06-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607003706/http://www.newparadigmstudios.com/about/watson-and-holmes/ |archive-date=2014-06-07 }}</ref>

The BBC series Sherlock (see: [[#Television series|Television series]] in this article) has a manga adaptation published in [[Japan]] by [[Kadokawa Shoten]]. The English translation of this series is being released by [[Titan Comics]] in the UK and US.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.amazon.com.br/Sherlock-Study-Pink-1-English-ebook/dp/B01FYMZ8KU/ref=sr_1_4?qid=1569241172&refinements=p_27%3ASteven+Moffat&s=books&sr=1-4 |title = Verificação de caracteres}}</ref>

==Film==
[[File:Sherlock Holmes Baffled.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Sherlock Holmes Baffled]]'', the first screen portrayal of Holmes from 1900.]]

It has been estimated that Sherlock Holmes is the most prolific screen character in the history of cinema.<ref name=Handbook>{{cite book|last=Redmond|first=Christopher |title=A Sherlock Holmes Handbook|year=1993|publisher=Dundern Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-1-55488-446-9|page=164}}</ref> The first known film featuring Holmes is ''[[Sherlock Holmes Baffled]]'', a one-reel film running less than a minute, made by the [[American Mutoscope and Biograph Company]] in 1900. This was followed by a 1905 [[Vitagraph Studios|Vitagraph]] film ''[[Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom]]'', with [[Kyrle Bellew|H.&nbsp;Kyrle Bellew]] and [[J.&nbsp;Barney Sherry]] in unlisted roles. It was long believed that the film starred [[Maurice Costello]] as Sherlock Holmes, but [[Leslie S. Klinger]] has written that the identification of Costello in the role is flawed.<ref name="Klinger">{{cite journal |last=Kilnger |first=Leslie S. |author-link=Leslie S. Klinger |date=June 1998 |title=Was Maurice Costello The First Screen Sherlock Holmes? |journal=[[The Baker Street Journal]] |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=27–30 }}</ref> Klinger states that the first identification of Costello with the role was in Michael Pointer's ''Public Life of Sherlock Holmes'' published in 1975 but that Pointer later realized his error and wrote to Klinger stating

{{blockquote|I am now aware that Maurice Costello could not have been in that film, as he had not joined the [[Vitagraph]] company by that date. I'm sorry that my book has been misleading, but I doubt that I shall have the opportunity for an amended reprint, and should not have the time to prepare one anyway.<ref name="Klinger"/>}}

Many similar films were made in the early years of the twentieth century, most notably the 13 one- and two-reel silent films produced by the Danish [[Nordisk Film Company]] between 1908 and 1911. The only non-lost film is ''Sherlock Holmes i Bondefangerkløer'', produced in 1910. Holmes was originally played by [[Viggo Larsen]]. Other actors who played Holmes in those films were Otto Lagoni, Einar Zangenberg, Lauritz Olsen, and [[Alwin Neuss]]. In 1911 the [[American Mutoscope and Biograph Company|American Biograph]] company produced a series of 11 short comedies based on the Holmes character with [[Mack Sennett]] (later of [[Keystone Kops]] fame) in the title role.

In 1914, Universal released [[A Study in Scarlet (1914 American film)|''A Study In Scarlet'']], starring [[Francis Ford (actor)|Francis Ford]] as Holmes with a script by [[Grace Cunard]].<ref name="barnes">{{cite book |last=Barnes|first=Alan |authorlink=Alan Barnes (writer)|title=Sherlock Holmes on Screen |year=2002 |publisher=Reynolds & Hearn Ltd |pages=206 |isbn=1-903111-04-8 }}</ref> It is believed that Ford's younger brother, [[John Ford]], credited as "Jack Ford", portrayed Dr. Watson.<ref name="barnes"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Nollen |first=Scott Allen |author-link= |date=2013 |title=Three Bad Men: John Ford, John Wayne, Ward Bond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AnKDuPhlyS4C&pg=PA17 |location= |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|page=17 |isbn=9780786458547}}</ref>

By 1916, [[Harry Arthur Saintsbury]], who had played Holmes on stage hundreds of times in Gillette's play, reprised the role in the 1916 film ''[[The Valley of Fear (1916 film)|The Valley of Fear]]''.<ref name=pohle/>

The next significant [[Sherlock Holmes (Stoll film series)|cycle of Holmes films]] were produced by the [[Stoll Pictures]] company in [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. Between 1921 and 1923 they produced a total of 47 two-reelers,<ref name="stadium">{{Cite web |title=Sherlock Holmes - The Movies - Studium Magazine |url=https://www.studium.com/holmes/shmovies.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528200812/http://www.studium.com/holmes/shmovies.html |archive-date=May 28, 2011 |website=www.studium.com}}</ref> all featuring noted West End actor [[Eille Norwood]] in the lead with [[Hubert Willis]] as Watson.

[[John Barrymore]] played the role in a 1922 movie entitled ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1922 film)|Sherlock Holmes]]'', with [[Roland Young]] as Watson and [[William Powell]] in his first screen appearance. This [[Goldwyn Pictures|Goldwyn]] film is the first Holmes movie made with high production values and a major star.

[[Clive Brook]] played Sherlock Holmes three times: ''[[The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1929 film)|The Return of Sherlock Holmes]]'' (1929), as part of the [[anthology film]] ''[[Paramount on Parade]]'' (1930), and ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1932 film)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' (1932). [[Reginald Owen]], who played Dr. Watson in the latter film, would portray Holmes the following year in ''[[A Study in Scarlet (1933 film)|A Study in Scarlet]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia Sherlockiana: an A-to-Z guide to the world of the great detective|last=Bunson|first=Matthew|author-link=Matthew Bunson|publisher=Macmillan|year=1994|isbn=978-0-671-79826-0|pages=255}}</ref>

In 1931 [[Raymond Massey]] played Sherlock Holmes in his screen debut, ''[[The Speckled Band (1931 film)|The Speckled Band]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=124399|title=Overview for Raymond Massey|website=Turner Classic Movies|access-date=12 August 2018}}</ref> while [[Arthur Wontner]] played Holmes in [[Sherlock Holmes (1931 film series)|five British films]] from 1931 to 1937.

[[Basil Rathbone]] and [[Nigel Bruce]] played Holmes and Watson in ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)|The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'', which launched a [[Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)|14-film series]]. Rathbone is regarded as the Holmes of his generation.

[[Peter Cushing]] played Sherlock Holmes in the 1959 film ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 film)|The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'' as part of Hammer Horror. This was the first depiction of Holmes in colour. He later portrayed Holmes alongside [[Nigel Stock (actor)|Nigel Stock]] as Dr Watson in a 16 part [[BBC]] [[Sherlock Holmes (1965 TV series)|television series in 1968.]]
 
In the 1970 film ''[[The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes]]'', Holmes is portrayed by [[Robert Stephens]], Dr. John H. Watson by [[Colin Blakely]] and Mycroft Holmes by [[Christopher Lee]].

The 1971 film ''[[They Might Be Giants (film)|They Might Be Giants]]'' explores the premise of a deranged man who believes himself to be Sherlock Holmes, with a psychiatrist becoming his Watson.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/06/10/archives/zany-role-for-george-scott-they-might-be-giants-opens-at-beekman.html |title = Zany Role for George Scott:' They Might be Giants' Opens at Beekman|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 10 June 1971|last1 = Canby|first1 = Vincent}}</ref>

In 1976, ''[[The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (film)|The Seven-Per-Cent Solution]]'' was released, adapted from the novel [[The Seven-Per-Cent Solution|of the same name]] which was written as a pastiche by the American writer [[Nicholas Meyer]]. The film sees Sherlock Holmes being treated for a cocaine addiction with the help of [[Sigmund Freud]].

In the 1979 film ''[[Murder by Decree]]'', Holmes is embroiled in the investigation surrounding the real-life [[Whitechapel murders|1888 Whitechapel murders]] committed by [[Jack the Ripper]]. [[Christopher Plummer]] plays Holmes and [[James Mason]] plays Watson.

''[[Young Sherlock Holmes]]'', a film about Sherlock Holmes's early adventures as a child, was released in 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Sherlock Holmes(1985) - Movie |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090357/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref>

In 1986 Walt Disney released ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'', an animated animal film based on the tradition of Sherlock Holmes.

1988; [[Michael Caine]] starred as Sherlock Holmes, with [[Ben Kingsley]] as Doctor Watson, in [[Without a Clue]]. 

[[Robert Downey Jr.]] and [[Jude Law]] portray Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson, respectively, in the film [[Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)|''Sherlock Holmes'']], directed by [[Guy Ritchie]] and released in 2009, and its sequel, ''[[Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows]]'', released in 2011.

In 2015 [[Ian McKellen]] played a 93-year-old Sherlock Holmes in the film ''[[Mr. Holmes]]''.

A parody of the Sherlock Holmes franchise, titled ''[[Holmes & Watson]]'', was released in late 2018, featuring Will Ferrell and John C. Reilly in the titular roles respectively.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/holmes-watson-film |title = HOLMES & WATSON &#124; British Board of Film Classification}}
</ref>

There is a 2019 Hong Kong film ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Great Escape]]''.<ref name=Kerr>{{cite web|last=Kerr|first=Elizabeth|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/great-detective-sherlock-holmes-greatest-jail-breaker-daaih-jingtaam-fukyi-mosi-touyuk-daaih-jeuibou-1227494/|title=‘The Great Detective Sherlock Holmes — The Greatest Jail-Breaker’ (‘Daaih jingtaam fukyi mosi — Touyuk daaih jeuibou’): Film Review|magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=2019-07-29|accessdate=2023-04-27}}</ref>

[[Henry Cavill]] portrays Sherlock Holmes in the 2021 [[Netflix]] film ''[[Enola Holmes (film)|Enola Holmes]]'' and its 2022 sequel, ''[[Enola Holmes 2]]''. The films follow the adventures [[The Enola Holmes Mysteries|Enola Holmes]] ([[Millie Bobby Brown]]), who is portrayed as the younger sister of Sherlock and Mycroft Holmes ([[Sam Claflin]]).

==Internet==
In January 2004, the BBC posted five new Sherlock Holmes short stories on their "Cult" website, along with RealAudio files of the stories, as read by [[Andrew Sachs]] and [[Hannah Gordon]]. The audio productions were done in association with [[BBC 7]], but are no longer available. The texts of all five short stories are still posted, with accompanying illustrations and illustration galleries, as well as an edited transcript of an interview with [[Bert Coules]]. The short story texts can also be downloaded as eBooks in three different formats.

==Music==
Composer [[Jon Deak]] wrote a work for solo double bass based on ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'', complete with narration and sound effects to mimic radio plays of the 1920s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gnL104PZpA  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/_gnL104PZpA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Deak: Hound of the Baskervilles, R. Fredrickson, bass -Pt.1 |publisher=YouTube |access-date=2011-01-02}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[Progressive rock]] musicians [[Clive Nolan]] and [[Oliver Wakeman]] released a concept album titled ''The Hound Of The Baskervilles'' about the story of the same name in 2002.

"[[Nano (singer)#Biography|Scarlet Story]]", the [[opening theme]] of the NHK puppetry ''[[Sherlock Holmes (puppetry)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' is titled after "[[A Study in Scarlet]]". And a song titled "Agra Treasure" that is made for the show is sung in "The Adventure of the Cheerful Four", one of the episodes of the series based on "[[The Sign of the Four]]". In the episode, some of the characters are modeled after the members of [[the Beatles]].

==Radio==
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| caption1  = Photograph of the debut broadcast of the radio series ''[[The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (radio series)|The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'', at NBC's Times Square studio on October 20, 1930. The episode, "The Adventure of the Speckled Band", starred special guest William Gillette as Sherlock Holmes.
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In the 1930s, writer, actress, and producer [[Edith Meiser]] was largely responsible for first bringing Holmes to American radio listeners. Meiser loved the Holmes stories, helped sell the show to the NBC radio network and found a sponsor. She wrote for the 1930–1936 radio series ''[[The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (radio series)|The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'', both adapting Doyle's classic tales and writing new adventures in the Holmesian style. The first show she adapted was "The Adventure of the Speckled Band." It was broadcast on October 20, 1930, and featured William Gillette in the lead role. For most of the series, [[Richard Gordon (actor)|Richard Gordon]] played Holmes and Leigh Lovel played Watson.

One famous radio appearance starred [[Orson Welles]] as Sherlock Holmes in an adaptation of one of William Gillette's plays. This was broadcast in September 1938 as part of ''[[The Mercury Theater on the Air]]'' series on [[CBS Radio]].

Meiser also wrote for the radio series ''[[The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]''. [[Basil Rathbone]] and [[Nigel Bruce]] were cast after appearing in the 1939 film ''The Hound of the Baskervilles''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/scrb0007.xml|title=Archives & Special Collections · University of Minnesota Libraries|website=special.lib.umn.edu|access-date=12 August 2018}}</ref><ref>The Films of 20th Century-Fox: A Pictorial History by Tony ThomasHardcover, Citadel Press 1985 English Rev and Enl ed.  496 pages {{ISBN|9780806509587}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.otrsite.com/otrsite/logs/logs1041.htm|title=Sherlock Holmes .. episodic log|website=www.otrsite.com|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052513/http://www.otrsite.com/otrsite/logs/logs1041.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
NBC's Red and Blue networks carried the series until 1942. After that the shows were then written by the team of Dennis Green and Anthony Boucher. Then the Mutual Broadcasting System picked up the series, which it ran until 1947. Rathbone left in 1946 and was replaced by [[Tom Conway]]; Nigel Bruce remained for another season, with the proviso that Meiser continue to contribute “new adventures”. Meiser's adaptations and original stories won praise from Conan Doyle's family for their faithful adherence to the original characterization.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090802161242/http://www.archive.org/details/OTR_Sherlock_Holmes_smurfmeat]{{Dead link|date=July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tv.com/people/edith-meiser/|title=Edith Meiser|last=T.V.com|website=TV.com|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307235119/http://www.tv.com/people/edith-meiser/|url-status=dead}}</ref> After a change of networks, there were two more pairings: John Stanley as Holmes and [[Alfred Shirley]] as Watson in 1947–48 and Stanley and "[[George Spelvin]]" (a pseudonym used by [[Wendell Holmes (actor)|Wendell Holmes]] so he wouldn't be confused with the Sherlock Holmes character)<ref>{{cite book |last=Dickerson |first=Ian |author-link=Ian Dickerson |title=Sherlock Holmes and His Adventures on American Radio |publisher=BearManor Media |year=2019 |isbn=978-1629335087 |page=258}}</ref> in these roles in 1948–49. Both Stanley and Conway emulated Rathbone when performing Holmes to aid in continuity for the audience.

[[John Gielgud]] played Holmes for [[BBC]] radio in the 1950s, with [[Ralph Richardson]] as Watson. Gielgud's brother, [[Val Gielgud]], appeared in "[[The Bruce-Partington Plans]]", perhaps inevitably as Mycroft Holmes. As this series was co-produced by the [[American Broadcasting Company]], known American actors also appeared, such as [[Orson Welles]] as [[Professor Moriarty]] in "[[The Adventure of the Final Problem]]".

[[Carleton Hobbs]] portrayed Holmes in BBC broadcasts in a [[Sherlock Holmes (1952 radio series)|1952–1969 radio series]], with [[Norman Shelley]] playing Watson. Many of these were broadcast on [[Children's Hour]]. Of the many actors who have portrayed Holmes and Watson for the BBC, the Hobbs and Shelley duo is the longest running.

There have been many other radio adaptations (over 750 in English), including a more recent [[BBC Radio 4]] run featuring [[Clive Merrison]] as Holmes and [[Michael Williams (actor)|Michael Williams]] as Watson. Together, the two actors completed adaptations of every story in the canon in a [[Sherlock Holmes (1989 radio series)|1989–1998 radio series]]. ''[[The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'', a new series consisting of original stories written exclusively by [[Bert Coules]], was then commissioned, but following Williams's death from cancer in 2001, he was replaced by [[Andrew Sachs]]. The episodes of ''The Further Adventures'' were based on throwaway references in Doyle's short stories and novels. The complete canonical run is available on CD and [[audio tape]]. ''The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes'' is also available on CD as four box sets, each containing four episodes.

[[BBC Radio 5 (former)|BBC Radio 5]] broadcast six new stories by John Taylor as ''[[The Unopened Casebook of Sherlock Holmes]]'' in 1993 with [[Simon Callow]] as Holmes and  [[Nicky Henson]] as Watson. Taylor also wrote four stories as ''The Rediscovered Railway Mysteries'', which was broadcast on BBC radio and narrated by Benedict Cumberbatch.

[[BBC Radio 2]] also broadcast in 1999 a more ribald six-episode [[parody|spoof]] series featuring Holmes and Watson entitled ''[[The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes]]'' starring [[Roy Hudd]] as Holmes ("England's greatest detective, master of disguise and toffee-nosed ponce"), [[Chris Emmett]] as Watson ("contributor to the [[British Medical Journal]], Which Stethescope Magazine and inventor of the self-raising [[thermometer]]") and [[June Whitfield]] as Mrs. Hudson.  Titles in this series included "The Case of the Clockwork Fiend", "The Mystery of the Obese Escapologist", "The Case of the Deranged Botanist", "Sherlock Holmes and the Glorious Doppelganger", "Holmes Strikes a Happy Medium" and "The Demon Cobbler of Greek Street"; they usually turned out to have Holmes's mortal enemy Moriarty ([[Geoffrey Whitehead]]) behind each mystery. This series has since been rebroadcast on [[BBC Radio 7]].

Starting in 1998, U.S. radio producer [[Jim French (radio)|Jim French]] was given permission from the Conan Doyle estate to produce new, original Sherlock Holmes stories for radio in North America.<ref name="jimfrench">{{Cite web |title=Jim French Productions |url=http://jimfrenchproductions.com/zc137m/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213065339/http://jimfrenchproductions.com/zc137m/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=3 |archive-date=13 December 2010 |website=jimfrenchproductions.com}}</ref> These are presented within the ''[[Imagination Theatre]]'' program on radio stations and XM satellite radio. The new stories are also broadcast under the banner ''The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes''. Holmes was played by John Gilbert until 2000, and subsequently by [[John Patrick Lowrie]].<ref name="jimfrench" /> Watson is played in all shows by Lawrence Albert.<ref name="jimfrench" /> Scripts are by Jim French, [[M. J. Elliott]], Matthew Booth, John Hall, Gareth Tilley, J R Campbell and Lawrence Albert. In 2005, with adaptations written by [[M. J. Elliott]], French and his company began a new series based on Conan Doyle's original tales called ''The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes''. Many episodes are available on CD as well as downloadable from the ''Imagination Theatre'' website.

==Stage==
[[File:H. A. Saintsbury as Holmes.png|thumb|200px|[[Harry Arthur Saintsbury|H. A. Saintsbury]] as Holmes, c. 1903]]
The first actor known to have played Holmes on stage is [[Charles Brookfield]] in November 1893, appearing at the [[Royal Court Theatre]] in ''Under the Clock'',<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Under the Clock|encyclopedia=The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia|editor=Alexis Barquin|url=https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/Under_the_Clock|access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref> a musical parody of Holmes and Watson written with [[Seymour Hicks]], who played Watson. However, the actor most associated with Holmes on stage is [[William Gillette]],{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} who wrote, directed, and starred in a popular play entitled ''[[Sherlock Holmes (play)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' in seven different productions on Broadway from 1899 (filmed in 1916), while the stories were still being published, to 1930. His version of Holmes, dressed in [[deerstalker]] hat and [[Inverness cape]] and smoking a large curved [[Smoking pipe (tobacco)#Calabash|calabash pipe]], contributed much to the popular image of the character. The deerstalker hat appears occasionally in Paget's original illustrations for ''The Strand'', but it is by no means a part of Holmes' regular clothing. Doyle's text is even vaguer, referring only to a travelling cap with earflaps in the passages with the relevant illustrations. He is also described as smoking several different types of pipes, varying them with his mood. The calabash pipe is associated with Sherlock Holmes because early portrayers, particularly Gillette and [[Basil Rathbone]], made an artistic decision to use something large and easily recognized as a pipe.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}  A calabash pipe has a large air chamber beneath the bowl that provides a cooling and mellowing effect.  Holmes preferred harsh and strong tobaccos and therefore would eschew such a pipe.  In fact, most stories, particularly "[[The Adventure of the Copper Beeches]]," described him as preferring a long-stemmed cherry-wood or a clay pipe.

In the first twenty years of the 20th century, [[Harry Arthur Saintsbury]] played Holmes on stage in Gillette's play more than 1,400 times.<ref name=pohle>Robert W. Pohle, Douglas C. Hart, ''Sherlock Holmes on the screen: the motion picture adventures of the world's most popular detective'' (A. S. Barnes, 1977), pp. 54, 56, 57</ref> In subsequent revivals of this production, Holmes was played by [[John Wood (English actor)|John Wood]], [[John Neville (actor)|John Neville]], Patrick Horgan, [[Robert Stephens]] and [[Leonard Nimoy]]. [[Frank Langella]] played Holmes in a 1981 production for [[Home Box Office|HBO]].

Holmes is tangentially referred to in an unfinished play by [[L. Frank Baum]] and [[Emerson Hough]] called ''[[Plays of L. Frank Baum#The King of Gee-Whiz|The King of Gee-Whiz]]'' (1905).

In [[Langdon McCormick]]'s 1905 play, ''[[The Burglar and the Lady]]'', Holmes is pitted against the fictional criminal [[A. J. Raffles (character)|A. J. Raffles]], created by [[E. W. Hornung]]. McCormick did not secure permission from either Doyle or Hornung to use their characters.<ref>{{cite book |title=Sherlock Holmes on the Stage: A Chronological Encyclopedia of Plays Featuring the Great Detective |last=Kabatchnik |first=Amnon |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8108-6125-1 |oclc=190785243 |pages=47–51}}</ref>

''[[The Speckled Band (play)|The Speckled Band]]'' is a 1910 play in three acts authored by Doyle himself adapted from "[[The Adventure of the Speckled Band]]" 1892 short story.<ref name="bostrom147">{{cite book|last=Boström|first=Mattias|title=[[From Holmes to Sherlock]]|publisher=[[Mysterious Press]]|year=2018|pages=147-148|ISBN=978-0-8021-2789-1}}</ref> Doyle cast H. A. Saintsbury, already known for portraying Holmes in Gillette's play<ref name="bostrom147"/> and the play premiered on 4 June 1910 at the [[Adelphi Theatre]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Redmond|first=Christopher|title=Sherlock Holmes Handbook: Second Edition|publisher=[[Dundurn Press]]|year=2009|page=114|ISBN=9781459718982}}</ref>

In 1923, the play ''[[The Return of Sherlock Holmes (play)|The Return of Sherlock Holmes]]'' ran for 130 performances at the [[Shaftesbury Theatre|Princes Theatre]], London. It was written by Arthur Rose and [[J. E. Harold Terry]], and starred Eille Norwood as Holmes and [[Henry Hugh Gordon Stoker|H. G. Stoker]] as Watson. One of the performances was attended by Conan Doyle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(play_1923-1924)|title=The Return of Sherlock Holmes (play 1923-1924)|website=www.arthur-conan-doyle.com |access-date=2016-07-18}}</ref>

''[[Sherlock's Last Case]]'' by [[Charles Marowitz]] ran on Broadway in 1987, starring Frank Langella.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rich  |first=Frank |date=21 August 1987 |title=Stage: Langella In 'Sherlock's Last' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/21/theater/stage-langella-in-sherlock-s-last.html |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

''The Secret of Sherlock Holmes'' by Jeremy Paul was staged in London's West End in 1988, with [[Jeremy Brett]] and [[Edward Hardwicke]] reprising their television roles as Holmes and Watson. It was revived in the summer of 2010 at the Duchess Theatre, this time starring television actors [[Peter Egan]] as Holmes and [[Robert Daws]] as Watson.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/141290-The-Secret-of-Sherlock-Holmes-Opens-at-Londons-Duchess-Theatre-July-20 |title=The Secret of Sherlock Holmes Opens at London's Duchess Theatre July 20 |publisher=Playbill.com |access-date=2011-01-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114001759/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/141290-The-Secret-of-Sherlock-Holmes-Opens-at-Londons-Duchess-Theatre-July-20 |archive-date=2011-01-14 }}</ref>

Two musicals - ''[[Baker Street (musical)|Baker Street]]'' in 1965, and ''[[Sherlock Holmes: The Musical]]'' in 1988 — have been written around Holmes.

''Sherlock & Watson: Behind Closed Doors'', a short play by Darren Stewart-Jones premiered at the Gay Play Day LGBTQ theatre festival in Toronto in 2013 and also played both the Hamilton Fringe Festival and the London One Act Festival in Ontario, Canada in 2014. The play imagines a romantic involvement between the two characters.

In 2007, Peepolykus Theatre Company premiered a new adaptation of ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'' at [[West Yorkshire Playhouse]] in Leeds. Adapted by [[John Nicholson (playwright)|John Nicholson]] and [[Steve Canny]], directed by [[Orla O'loughlin]] with [[Javier Marzan]] as [[Sherlock Holmes]], the production involves only three actors. Following a UK tour, it transferred to the Duchess Theatre in London's West End. This adaptation continues to be presented by both amateur and professional companies around the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://peepolykus.com/touring |title=Licencing, The Hound of the Baskervilles, Peepolykus Theatre Company |publisher=Peepolykus.com |access-date=2014-10-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028170216/http://peepolykus.com/touring |archive-date=2014-10-28 }}</ref>

An abridged version of Peepolykus's adaptation was recorded in front of a live audience with the original cast for BBC Radio 4 (directed by Alison Hindell) and broadcast in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01kjgp9 |title=The Hound of the Baskervilles, BBC Radio 4 |publisher=BBC.co.uk |access-date=2014-10-28}}</ref> A DVD of the stage version and CD of the radio version is available via the Peepolykus website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://peepolykus.com |title=Peepolykus Theatre Company |publisher=Peepolykus.com |access-date=2014-10-28}}</ref>

In 2015, the [[Arena Stage]] in [[Southwest, Washington, D.C.]] premiered a comedic adaptation of ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'' authored by playwright [[Ken Ludwig]] entitled ''[[Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wren|first=Celia|title='Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery' charges into Arena Stage|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/baskerville-a-sherlock-holmes-mystery-at-arena-stage/2015/01/15/548d58c4-9a85-11e4-a7ee-526210d665b4_story.html|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 18, 2015|access-date=December 26, 2017}}</ref>

==Television==
There have been many television incarnations of Sherlock Holmes, varying in faithfulness to the source material from direct adaptations of Holmes stories, most notably ''The Hound of the Baskervilles'', to new stories set in the present day and even the future.

===Television series===
Possibly the earliest television appearance was the 1951 British pilot episode, ''[[The Man Who Disappeared (1951 film)|The Man Who Disappeared]]'', based in part on the short story "[[The Man with the Twisted Lip]]";<ref>{{cite book|last=Davies|first=David Stuart|authorlink=David Stuart Davies|title=Starring Sherlock Holmes|publisher=[[Titan Books]]|year=2007|pages=73–74|ISBN=978-1845765378}}</ref> the series was not sold. It starred [[John Longden]] as Holmes and [[Campbell Singer]] as Watson. It was shot on film and does survive today. The same year also saw the six-episode [[BBC]]  miniseries ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1951 TV series)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' starring [[Alan Wheatley]] as Holmes and [[Raymond Francis]] as Watson. Unfortunately this series was broadcast live without recordings being made.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barnes|first=Alan| author-link=Alan Barnes (writer) |title=Sherlock Holmes on Screen |year=2011 |publisher=[[Titan Books]]|pages=296–298 |ISBN=9780857687760 }}</ref>

Three years later, the first American adaptation of Holmes and Watson, ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1954 TV series)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' was produced by [[Sheldon Reynolds (producer)|Sheldon Reynolds]] in 1954, and starred [[Ronald Howard (British actor)|Ronald Howard]] as Holmes and [[Howard Marion-Crawford]] as Doctor Watson, produced in Paris, France.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/sherlock-holmes-on-screen/|title=Sherlock Holmes on screen|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Sheldon Reynolds|title=Sherlock Holmes (1954 Series) Complete 39 Episodes|url=https://archive.org/details/SherlockHolmes_1954_TVSeries_Complete_59_Episodes|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref>

In the 1960s, there was a [[BBC]] TV series entitled ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1965 TV series)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' with [[Douglas Wilmer]] and [[Nigel Stock (actor)|Nigel Stock]]. [[Peter Cushing]], who had earlier played the detective in the [[Hammer Film Productions|Hammer]] version of ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'', later took over from Wilmer in the lead role.

The 24-part series ''[[Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson]]'' (1979–1980) starred [[Geoffrey Whitehead]] as Holmes and [[Donald Pickering]] as Watson.

In 1982, [[Granada Television]] aired an eight-part series entitled ''[[Young Sherlock: The Mystery of the Manor House]]'' which told the story of Holmes' youth. The show starred [[Guy Henry (actor)|Guy Henry]] as Sherlock Holmes.

Also in 1982, the BBC produced an [[The Hound of the Baskervilles (TV serial)|adaptation of The Hound of the Baskervilles]], starring [[Tom Baker]] as the detective.

[[Jeremy Brett]] starred as Holmes in a [[Granada Television]] adaptation screened from 1984 to 1994, ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)|The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'', with [[David Burke (British actor)|David Burke]] and subsequently [[Edward Hardwicke]] as Watson.  All but 18 of the Conan Doyle stories were filmed before Brett's death from a heart attack in 1995. Between 1984 and 1994, 36 episodes and five films were produced over six series. Brett and Hardwicke reprised their roles as Holmes and Watson in 1988-89 in a West End stage play, ''The Secret of Sherlock Holmes'', written by Jeremy Paul.

An animated series, ''[[Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century]]'', brings Holmes (voiced by [[Jason Gray-Stanford]]) into the future through the marvels of science.

There is also a Japanese animated series called ''[[Sherlock Hound]]'', featuring anthropomorphic canine characters with the titular character voiced by [[Larry Moss (acting coach)|Larry Moss]] in the English dub. Several of its episodes were directed by [[Hayao Miyazaki]].

Another Japanese anime series called ''[[Case Closed (manga)|Case Closed]]'', based on the [[manga]] of the same name, features a main character by the name of Conan who is heavily influenced by Sherlock Holmes.

The children's television series ''[[The Adventures of Shirley Holmes]]'', which ran from 1996 to 1999, features a main young, modern-day female character (portrayed by [[Meredith Henderson]]) who claims to be a distant descendant of Sherlock Holmes himself and has inherited his intellect in solving crimes.

In 2007, the [[BBC]] released ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Baker Street Irregulars]]'', a children's series focusing on the [[Baker Street Irregulars]] and starring [[Jonathan Pryce]] as Holmes.

In 2009, the BBC began making ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'', created by [[Steven Moffat]] and [[Mark Gatiss]]. Four seasons of three 90-minute episodes each were broadcast in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016, starring [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] as Sherlock and [[Martin Freeman]] as John. [[Professor Moriarty|Moriarty]] appears as a recurring villain. A special episode, "[[The Abominable Bride]]", was broadcast in January 2016, with a limited cinematic release worldwide. The fourth series aired January 1, 2017, with regards to it being potentially the final season - due to Cumberbatch and Freeman's busy schedules. The series also inspired a [[manga]] published in Japan, translated and published in US and UK by [[Titan Comics]].

In fall 2012, [[Columbia Broadcasting System|CBS]] premiered the series ''[[Elementary (TV series)|Elementary]]'', a contemporary remake set in the United States, starring [[Jonny Lee Miller]] as Holmes and [[Lucy Liu]] as a female version of Watson.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2012 |title=Jonny Lee Miller & Lucy Liu Explain Their Elementary Take On Sherlock Holmes |url=https://www.accessonline.com/articles/jonny-lee-miller-lucy-liu-explain-their-elementary-take-on-sherlock-holmes-118021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=AccessOnline}}</ref>

Sherlock Holmes has also been a prolific screen character in foreign language films, such as the Russian 2013 miniseries broadcast in November 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radiovesti.ru/article/show/article_id/113563|title=В новом "Шерлоке Холмсе" все по-новому / Радиостанция "Вести FM" Прямой эфир/Слушать онлайн|website=radiovesti.ru|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date=9 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309155752/http://radiovesti.ru/article/show/article_id/113563|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''[[Sherlock Holmes (2013 TV series)|Sherlok Kholms]]'' premiered in November 2013 on [[Russia-1]]. The eight episodes were filmed in [[St. Petersburg, Russia]] and starred [[Igor Petrenko]] as Holmes and [[Andrey Panin]] as Watson.<ref name=Thomlison/>

In 2014, [[NHK]] produced a [[puppetry]] ''[[Sherlock Holmes (puppetry)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' written by [[Kōki Mitani]]. It is set in [[Beeton School]], a fictional [[boarding school]] and Holmes is a fifteen-year-old pupil who lives in the room 221B of Baker House and resolves the troubles in the school but there's no murder. In the show, John H. Watson is his roommate, Mrs Hudson is a housemother of Baker House and James Moriarty is [[deputy headmaster]] of the school.<ref>岡崎信治郎、藤田健一編『NHKパペットエンターテインメント シャーロックホームズ 冒険ファンブック』小学館、2014年、6、13、19頁。<br />Shinjirō Okazaki and Kenichi Fujita (Ed.) ''Guidebook to Sherlock Holmes'', Tokyo, Shogakukan, 2014, p. 6, p. 13 and p. 19.</ref>　

''[[Miss Sherlock]]'' premiered in 2018 and starred [[Yūko Takeuchi]] as Sara "Sherlock" Shelly Futaba and [[Shihori Kanjiya]] as Dr. Wato. Set in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]], it is a co-production between [[HBO Asia]] and [[Nippon TV|Hulu Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nathan|first=Richard|date=18 December 2020|title=Ultra-Influencers: The Two British Fictional Victorians that Changed Japan|url=https://www.redcircleauthors.com/news-and-views/ultra-influencers-the-two-british-fictional-victorians-that-changed-japan/|access-date=11 January 2021|website=Red Circle Authors}}</ref>

The ''[[Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?]]'' episode "Elementary, My Dear Shaggy" has Mystery Inc. working with a man who claims to be Sherlock Holmes (voiced by [[Ian James Corlett]]) when it came to the mystery involving the [[screaming skull]]s. It was never confirmed in the episode if the man was the actual Sherlock Holmes or not.

''Deadline Hollywood'' reports that CBS Aaron Kaplan's [[Kapital Entertainment]], ''Elementary''' Craig Sweeny and CBS Studios are developing a medical drama series with detective elements titled ''Watson'' that will focus on Dr. John Watson a year after Holmes' murdered by Moriarty resumes his medical career as the head of a clinic dedicated to treating rare disorders.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=2022-10-05 |title=Dr. Watson Drama Series In Works At CBS From Craig Sweeny & Kapital Entertainment |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/dr-watson-drama-series-cbs-sherlock-holmes-craig-sweeny-kapital-1235133844/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Deadline Hollywood |language=en-US}}</ref>

Eddie Izzard is set to play Sherlock Holmes in ''Sherlock's Daughter''.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 November 2022 |title=Eddie Izzard: comedian set to play Sherlock in new BBC adaptation |last=Mundey |first=Simi |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/people/eddie-izzard-sherlock-bbc-3932246 |access-date=27 November 2022 |work=The Star |language=en}}</ref>

===Television movies===
In the 1976 ''[[The Return of the World's Greatest Detective]]'' policemen Sherman Holmes suffers from a blow to the head resulting in him thinking he is Sherlock Holmes.

John Cleese starred as Holmes' grandson - Arthur Sherlock Holmes - in the comic TV special ''[[The Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It]]'' (1977). [[Arthur Lowe]] played Dr. William Watson, the original doctor's grandson.

Between 1979 and 1986, [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] television produced a series of five television films<ref name=Thomlison/> at the [[Lenfilm]] movie studio, ''[[The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson]]''. The series were split into eleven episodes and starred [[Vasily Livanov]] as Holmes and [[Vitaly Solomin]] as Watson. Livanov earned honorary membership [[Order of the British Empire]]<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130217073211/http://foi.fco.gov.uk/content/en/foi-releases/2006-releases/2.1-awards List of Honorary Awards January – June 2006, Foreign and Commonwealth Office – UK Ministry of Foreign Affairs]</ref> for a performance ambassador [[Anthony Brenton]] described as "one of the best I've ever seen".<ref name=Thomlison>{{cite web|url=http://decoy.tvpassport.com/q_a/q-besides-us-and-uk-versions-isnt-there-also-russian-tv-version-sherlock-holmes-someone-told-me-?subid=national-00001|title=Q & A|last=Thomlison|first=Adam|publisher=TV Media|access-date=2013-05-03}}</ref>

In 1983, [[Ian Richardson]] portrayed Sherlock Holmes in ''[[The Sign of Four (1983 film)|The Sign of Four]]'' with [[David Healy (actor)|David Healy]] as [[Doctor Watson|Dr. John H. Watson]]. Later that same year, Richardson again played Holmes in a version of ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles (1983 film)|The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'' with [[Donald Churchill]] as his Watson.

Also in 1983 [[Australia]]n production company Burbank Films (later [[Burbank Animation Studios]]) released a series of animated TV specials based on the four full-length novels, starring [[Peter O'Toole]] as Holmes and [[Earle Cross]] as Watson. The films were entitled [[Sherlock Holmes and a Study in Scarlet]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sherlock Holmes and a Study in Scarlet (1983) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238595/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> [[Sherlock Holmes and the Sign of Four]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sherlock Holmes and the Sign of Four (1983) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238596/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> [[Sherlock Holmes and the Baskerville Curse]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sherlock Holmes and the Baskerville Curse (1983) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0272842/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> and [[Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear (1983) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238597/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref>

In 1986, a TV movie called ''My Tenderly Loved Detective''  was made in Soviet Union about the adventures of the female Sherlock Holmes, called Shirley Holmes here, and female Dr.Watson, called Jane Watson here.

The contemporarily-set 1987 television movie ''[[The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1987 film)|The Return of Sherlock Holmes]]'' starred [[Michael Pennington]] as the detective and [[Margaret Colin]] as Dr. Watson's granddaughter, Jane.  Jane, after following directions written by her grandfather years ago, finds out that she has thawed Holmes who had been [[cryogenically]] frozen by Dr. Watson for 88 years due to [[Bubonic plague]].  They become a team—the essential Victorian gentleman and a post-feminist young woman—to solve a case that combines elements of "The Sign of the Four" with elements from the celebrated news story of a plane hijacked for ransom by [[D. B. Cooper]].

The 1991-92 series ''Sherlock Holmes the Golden Years'' consisted of two TV films, in which Sherlock Holmes (played by [[Christopher Lee]]) and Dr. Watson (played by [[Patrick Macnee]]) are older adults who continue investigating cases. The two films were ''[[Incident at Victoria Falls]]'' and ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady]]''.

In 1991, [[Charlton Heston]] played Holmes in the [[Turner Network Television]] production of [[Paul Giovanni]]'s play ''[[The Crucifer of Blood]]''.

From 2000 to 2002, [[Muse Entertainment Enterprises]] produced four television films for the [[Hallmark Channel]], starring [[Matt Frewer]] as Holmes and [[Kenneth Welsh]] as Dr Watson, in ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles (2000 film)|The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'' (2000), ''[[The Royal Scandal]]'' (2001), ''[[The Sign of Four (2001 film)|The Sign of Four]]'' (2001) and ''[[The Case of the Whitechapel Vampire]]'' (2002).

2002 saw a new version of ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles (2002 film)|The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'' featuring [[Richard Roxburgh]]. [[Ian Hart]] played Dr. Watson then and also in the 2004 [[BBC]] airing of ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Silk Stocking]]'', alternatively billed as ''The Return of Sherlock Holmes''. An original screenplay "based on the character created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle", this film takes place in 1902, with Dr. Watson "saving a dear friend from narcotics and boredom", this friend being an opium-addicted and increasingly weak Sherlock Holmes. [[Rupert Everett]] plays the Great Detective.

2002 also saw the [[television movie|made for television]] cable movie, ''[[Case of Evil]]'', about a 20-something Sherlock Holmes ([[James D'Arcy]]) and a Doctor Watson who worked as an early practitioner of autopsies, on the trail of Holmes' [[archenemy]], [[Professor Moriarty]] ([[Vincent D'Onofrio]]).

===Episodes of unrelated series===
An adaptation of ''[[The Adventure of the Speckled Band|The Speckled Band]]'' aired on the 1949 TV anthology series ''[[Your Show Time]]'', and starred [[Alan Napier]] as Holmes and [[Melville Cooper]] as Watson.

[[John Cleese]] played Holmes in a 1973 episode of "Comedy Playhouse": ''[[Elementary My Dear Watson]]''. [[Willie Rushton|William Rushton]] played Watson.

In 1988, the animated series ''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks (1983 TV series)|Alvin and the Chipmunks]]'' aired an episode entitled "Elementary, My Dear Simon", which stars Simon as Holmes, Theodore as Watson, Alvin as Professor Moriarty, and Dave as Inspector Seville.

Also in 1988, in the animated series ''[[BraveStarr]]'', the two-part episode ''"Sherlock Holmes in the 23rd Century"'' had Holmes transported from [[Reichenbach Falls]] in 1893, to [[London]] in 2249, gaining the power to shoot electricity form his hands in the process. Holmes is joined by an alien, Dr. W't'sn (the 23rd century counterpart of Watson) & Inspector Mycroft Holmes of [[Scotland Yard]] (a direct descendant & namesake of Holmes' brother Mycroft); the trio are recruited by the eponymous hero, Marshal BraveStarr, to investigate the hijackings of ore freighters. They discover Professor Moriarty is behind the hijackings & a nefarious plot to brainwash and enslave the population of Earth through hypnotism; after Holmes' presumed death in 1893, Moriarty built & used a stasis device to sleep until Holmes reappeared in 2249. Holmes and his friends foil Moriarty's plot, and Moriarty is arrested.

The android [[Data (Star Trek)|Lt. Commander Data]] ([[Brent Spiner]]) from ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' had a personal interest of visiting the [[holodeck]] and playing Sherlock Holmes with his friend [[Geordi La Forge]] ([[LeVar Burton]]) as [[Doctor Watson|Dr John H. Watson]], as can be seen in two episodes of the series: ''"[[Elementary, Dear Data]]"'', and ''"[[Ship in a Bottle (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|Ship in a Bottle]]"''. On these occasions, Commander Data would replay and try to solve some of his favourite Holmes stories, or let the computer improvise a new mystery in the style of Doyle's stories. On most of these occasions, these exercises would result in a quick solution, since his android brain would immediately pick up all available clues, and his superior deductive skills would quickly solve the problem. Attempting to let the computer create a more difficult mystery for him however, resulted in the computer creating a holographic Professor James Moriarty which was imbued with a measure of consciousness, and who formed the basis for a story arc for said two episodes. The holographic Moriarty quickly caused problems when he realised he was a holodeck creation, and demanded a 'full' life, with the possibility to leave the holodeck.

The children's television series ''[[Wishbone (TV series)|Wishbone]]'' featured Holmes and Watson in two episodes: "The Slobbery Hound" (based on ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'') and "A Dogged Exposé" (''[[A Scandal in Bohemia]]'').

Holmes and Watson appear in the ''[[Batman: The Brave and the Bold]]'' episode "Trials of the Demon!", respectively voiced by [[Ian Buchanan]] and [[Jim Piddock]]. In the episode, Batman is transported back in time to help them and [[Etrigan the Demon]] fight the [[Gentleman Ghost]].

==Video games==
Sherlock Holmes and his world are also used in video game universe as computer games and video games. The great majority of them are however [[Sherlock Holmes pastiches#Video games|pastiches]].

* In the mobile game ''[[Fate/Grand Order]]'' (2015), Sherlock Holmes is capable of being summoned as a 5-star Ruler Class Servant.
* In the MMORPG ''[[Wizard101]]'' (2008), there is a character based on Holmes, named "Sherlock Bones".
* Sherlock Holmes is one of the main characters in the duology ''[[The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures]]'' (2015) and ''[[The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve]]'' (2017). His portrayal in the games, although more comical than usual, is heavily based in almost all of his known habits and skills, with his deductions being one of the main gimmicks of the games. Due to copyright concerns, Holmes is named "[[Herlock Sholmes (Ace Attorney)|Herlock Sholmes]]" in international releases of the games.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-04-24-why-sherlock-holmes-is-called-herlock-sholmes-in-the-great-ace-attorney-chronicles | title = Why Sherlock Holmes is called Herlock Sholmes in The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles | first=  Wesley | last=  Yin-Poole | date = 24 April 2021 | accessdate = 24 April 2021 | work = [[Eurogamer]] }}</ref>
The vast majority of Holmes games have been, and continue to be, published by the games company [[Frogwares]]. They've produced 13 Sherlock Holmes games, most of which fall under the [[Adventure game|adventure]], [[Puzzle video game|puzzle]], or [[hidden object]] genera. Most of these games are [[Sherlock Holmes pastiches#Video games|pastiches]], however a few are (or contain) adaptations of the original stories. [[Frogwares]]' Holmes products are: 
*''[[Sherlock Holmes: The Mystery of the Mummy]]'' (2002) for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows PC]] and [[Nintendo DS]].
*''[[Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Silver Earring]]'' (2004) for Windows PC and [[Wii|Nintendo Wii.]]
*''[[Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened]]'' (2007) for Windows PC.
*''[[Sherlock Holmes Versus Arsène Lupin|Sherlock Holmes vs. Arsène Lupin]]'' (2007) for Windows PC.
*''[[The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Mystery of the Persian Carpet]]'' (2008).
*''[[Sherlock Holmes Versus Jack the Ripper|Sherlock Holmes vs. Jack the Ripper]]'' (2009) for Windows PC and [[Xbox 360]].
*''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery of Osborne House]]'' (2011).
*''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Hound of the Baskervilles]]'' (2011).
*''[[The Testament of Sherlock Holmes]]'' (2012) for Windows PC, Xbox 360, and [[PlayStation 3|PS3]].
*''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery of the Frozen City]]'' (2013) for [[Nintendo 3DS]].
*''[[Sherlock Holmes: Crimes & Punishments|Sherlock Holmes: Crime & Punishments]]'' (2014) for Windows PC, Xbox 360, [[Xbox One]], PS3, and [[PlayStation 4|PS4]].
*''[[Sherlock Holmes: The Devil's Daughter]]'' (2016) for Windows PC, Xbox One, and PS4.
*''[[Sherlock Holmes Chapter One]]'' (2021) for Windows PC as well as 8th Gen and 9th Gen home consoles.

==See also==
*[[List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Literature ==
* Peter Haining, ''The Television Sherlock Holmes'', W.H. Allen, London, 1986. {{ISBN|0-491-03055-X}}.

==External links==
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/sherlock/ BBC Cult Page] for five original Sherlock Holmes short stories, posted in January 2004.
* {{moby game|id=-group/fictional-character-sherlock-holmes|name=List of ''Sherlock Holmes'' games}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111209185048/http://www.sherlock-holmes.org.uk/world/television.php "Brief and Incomplete History of Sherlock Holmes on TV"] by the Sherlock Holmes Society of London.
* {{cite web | title=The wide world of Sherlock Holmes {{!}} The Russian TV films | website=sherlock-holmes.org.uk | url=http://www.sherlock-holmes.org.uk/world/russian.php | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013030310/http://www.sherlock-holmes.org.uk/world/russian.php | archive-date=13 October 2006 | url-status=dead | access-date=20 July 2021}}
* [https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesOTRkibmseries Open audio collection of various Radio broadcasts (archive.org)]
* ''[https://www.lib.umn.edu/scrbm/ush/intro Universal Sherlock Holmes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111205259/https://www.lib.umn.edu/scrbm/ush/intro |date=2014-11-11 }}'', Ronald B. De Waal, [Toronto: Metropolitan Toronto Library, 1994], online at the University of Minnesota, Sherlock Holmes Collections

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