Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Aframomum corrorima

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Species of plant in the family Zingiberaceae}}
{{speciesbox
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Harris, D.J. |author2=Wortley, A.H. |author3=Olander, S.B. |date=2019 |title=''Aframomum corrorima'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T117206565A124285245 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T117206565A124285245.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
|image = KororimaWhole01.jpg
|image_caption = Dried korarima fruits, in preparation for making [[berbere]]
|genus = Aframomum
|species = corrorima
|authority = ([[Alexander Braun|A.Braun]]) [[P.C.M.Jansen]]<ref name="grin1">''Aframomum corrorima'' was published in "Spices, Condiments and Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia: Their Taxonomy and Agricultural Significance", ''Agricultural Research Report'' no. 906, and  ''Belmontia New Series'' vol. 12 p. 10; 1981. The [[Specific name (botany)|specific epithet]] was taken from its [[basionym]], ''Amomum corrorima'' A.Braun. {{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011182307/https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?462945  | archive-date=11 October 2012 | url= https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?462945 |title=''Aframomum corrorima'' information from NPGS/GRIN |author=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] (GRIN) |quote=Synonyms: (≡) ''Amomum corrorima'' A.Braun (basionym) |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA), [[Agricultural Research Service]] (ARS), and [[National Genetic Resources Program]] (NGRP) |location=[[National Germplasm Resources Laboratory]] (NGRL), [[Beltsville, Maryland]] |date=April 9, 2011 |access-date=June 19, 2011}}</ref>
| synonyms = *''Amomum corrorima'' <small>A.Braun</small> ([[basionym]])
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="grin1" /><ref name="grin2">&nbsp;''Amomum corrorima'' A.Braun, the basionym of ''Aframomum corrorima'' (A.Braun) P.C.M.Jansen, was originally described and published in ''Flora'' vol. 31, p. 95; 1848.  {{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011182322/https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?462946 | archive-date=11 October 2012 | url= https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?462946 |title=''Amomum corrorima'' information from NPGS/GRIN |author=GRIN |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=USDA / ARS / NGRP |location=NGRL, Beltsville, Maryland |access-date=June 19, 2011}}</ref>
}}

'''''Aframomum corrorima''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the ginger family, [[Zingiberaceae]].<ref name=KewPOWO>{{cite web|url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:908251-1|title= Aframomum corrorima (A.Braun) P.C.M.Jansen|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date= September 25, 2020}}</ref> It's a herbaceous [[Perennial plant|perennial]] that produces leafy stems 1–2 meters tall from [[Rhizome|rhizomatous]] roots.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aframomum corrorima - Useful Tropical Plants|url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Aframomum+corrorima|access-date=2021-04-12|website=tropical.theferns.info}}</ref> The alternately-arranged leaves are dark green, 10–30&nbsp;cm long and 2.5–6&nbsp;cm across, elliptical to oblong in shape.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Korarima|url=https://elmaskincare.com/herbs/herbs_korarima.htm|access-date=2021-04-12|website=elmaskincare.com}}</ref> Pink [[flower]]s are borne near the ground and give way to red, fleshy [[fruit]]s containing shiny brown [[seed]]s, which are typically 3–5&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Van Wyk|first=Ben-Erik|title=Culinary Herbs and Spices of the World|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-226-09166-2|pages=28}}</ref>

The spice, known as '''Ethiopian cardamom''', '''false cardamom''', or '''''korarima''''',<ref name="grin1" /> is obtained from the plant's seeds (usually dried), and is extensively used in [[Ethiopian cuisine|Ethiopian]] and [[Eritrean cuisine]].  It is an ingredient in ''[[berbere]]'', ''[[mitmita]]'', ''awaze'', and other spice mixtures, and is also used to flavor [[coffee]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ur169.ird.fr/IMG/pdf/UrbanaEthiopie_anglais.pdf |title=Natural patrimony and local communities in ethiopia: Geographical advantages and limitations of a system of indications |first1=Bernard |last1=Roussel |first2=François |last2=Verdeaux |work=29th Annual Spring Symposium of Centre for African Studies |date=April 6–10, 2003 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061126164622/http://www.ur169.ird.fr/IMG/pdf/UrbanaEthiopie_anglais.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-26 |quote=This Zingiberaceae, ''Aframomum corrorima'' (Braun) Jansen, is gathered in forests, and also grown in gardens. It is a basic spice in Ethiopia, used to flavor coffee and as an ingredient in various widely used condiments (berbere, mitmita, awaze, among others).}}</ref> Its flavor is comparable to that of the closely related ''[[Elettaria cardamomum]]'' or green cardamom.<ref name="wondyifraw">{{cite thesis |author=Wondyifraw Tefera |date=April 2004 |title=In Vitro Propagation and Polyploid Induction of Korarima (Aframomum corrorima (Braun) Jansen) and Krawan (Amomum krervanh Pierre) |chapter=Introduction | page=1 |publisher=[[Kasetsart University]]  |isbn=974-273-356-2 |chapter-url=http://publication.eiar.gov.et:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/1993/Wondyifraw%20Tefera.pdfAbbyyy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803210336/http://publication.eiar.gov.et:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/1993/Wondyifraw%20Tefera.pdfAbbyyy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y | archive-date=2020-08-03 | access-date=3 August 2020 | degree=PhD | via=[[Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research]]}}</ref> In Ethiopian [[herbal medicine]], the seeds are used as a [[Herbal tonic|tonic]], [[carminative]], and [[laxative]].<ref name="jansen">{{Cite web |last=Jansen |first=P. C. M. |date=2002 |url= http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Aframomum%20corrorima_En.htm |title=''Aframomum corrorima'' (Braun) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081120230034/http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Aframomum%20corrorima_En.htm |url-status=live |archive-date=2008-11-20 |website=Protabase |editor1=Oyen, L. P. A. |editor2=Lemmens, R. H. M. J. |publisher=[[Plant Resources of Tropical Africa]] (PROTA) / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale |location=Wageningen, Netherlands}}</ref>

The plant is native to [[Tanzania]], western [[Ethiopia]]<ref name="grin1" /> (in the vicinity of [[Lake Tana]] and [[Gelemso]]), southwestern [[Sudan]], western [[Uganda]].<ref name="grin1" /> It is [[Plant cultivation|cultivated]] in both Ethiopia and [[Eritrea]],<ref name="grin1" /> although the fruits are typically harvested from wild plants.<ref name="jeor" />  The dried fruits are widely sold in markets and are relatively expensive, while fresh fruits are sold in production areas.<ref name="jeor" />

In dried seeds and pods, the major oil components are 1,8-cineole ([[eucalyptol]]) and (E)-[[nerolidol]].<ref name="ffj">{{Cite journal |author1=Hymete, A. |author2=Rohloff, J. |author3=Iversen, T.‐H. | year=2006 | title=Essential oil from seeds and husks of Aframomum corrorima from Ethiopia | journal=Flavour and Fragrance Journal | volume=21 | issue=4 | pages=642–644 | doi=10.1002/ffj.1634}} Cited in Eyob ''et al'' (2007), p. 373.</ref> In fresh seeds, the major component of the essential oil is 1,8-cineole, followed by [[sabinene]] and [[geraniol]].<ref name="jeor">{{Cite journal |author1=Eyob, S. |author2=Appelgren, M. |author3=Rohloff, J. |author4=Tsegaye, A. |author5=Messele, G. | year=2007 | title=Chemical composition of essential oils from fresh plant parts of korarima (aframomum corrorima) cultivated in the highland of southern ethiopia | journal=Journal of Essential Oil Research | volume=19| issue=4 | pages=372–375 | doi=10.1080/10412905.2007.9699308 |s2cid=85033149 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2007.9699308 | url-access=subscription | access-date=5 August 2020 }}</ref> In fresh pods, the major oil constituents are ''γ''-[[terpinene]], [[beta-Pinene|''β''-pinene]], ''α''-[[phellandrene]], 1,8-cineole, and [[p-Cymene|''p''-cymene]].<ref name="jeor" />

<gallery>
File:KororimaWhole02.jpg|''Kororima'' fruits are placed in a vessel for grinding.
File:KororimaGround.jpg|''Kororima'' pods have been ground so that the seeds may be removed.
</gallery>

== See also ==
* ''[[Aframomum melegueta]]''
* [[Cardamom]]
* [[List of Ethiopian dishes and foods]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Aframomum corrorima}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194754/http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=2863 Ecocrop: Aframomum corrorima] ([[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]])

{{Herbs & spices}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4689432}}

[[Category:Aframomum|corrorima]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1848]]
[[Category:Plants used in traditional African medicine]]
[[Category:Flora of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Flora of Sudan]]
[[Category:Flora of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Flora of Uganda]]
[[Category:Crops originating from Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Spices]]
[[Category:Ethiopian cuisine]]
[[Category:Eritrean cuisine]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Alexander Braun]]


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{{Ethiopia-cuisine-stub}}
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[[Категория:Википедия]]
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[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]