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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Ship used to provide maintenance support to aircraft}}
[[File:USS Chloris (ARVE-4).jpg|thumb|USS ''Chloris'', an aircraft repair ship]]
[[File:USS Chourre (ARV-1) off the San Francisco Naval Shipyard, California (USA), 27 March 1952 (7576170).jpg|thumb|{{USS|Chourre|ARV-1|6}}, aircraft repair ship]]
'''Aircraft repair ship''' is a naval [[auxiliary ship]] designed to provide [[Maintenance, repair, and operations|maintenance]] support to [[aircraft]]. Aircraft repair ships provide similar services to [[seaplane tender]]s, that also cared for the crew. Aircraft repair ships had their own stores of spare parts, like a [[depot ship]].  Aircraft repair ships had repair personnel and equipment to repair failures or battle damage on aircraft. Aircraft repair ship also did regular [[aircraft maintenance]].<ref name=l&c>Lenton & Colledge, p.333</ref>
<ref>{{cite book
 | last=Silverstone
 | first=Paul H.
 | title=U.S. Warships of World War II
 | year=1968
 | publisher=Doubleday & Company
}}{{page needed|date=August 2022}}</ref>

==United States Navy==
After [[World War I]] two [[United States Navy]] ships were used as Lighter-than-Air Aircraft Tenders for naval [[kite balloon]] and [[rigid airship]] support.
** [[USS Wright (AZ-1)|USS ''Wright'' (AZ-1)]]
** [[USS Patoka (AO-9)|USS ''Patoka'' (AO-9)]] operated as a lighter-than-air aircraft tender from 1924 to 1933

During [[World War II]] there was a great demand for aircraft repair ships. The US Navy aircraft repair ship were manned by repair units, called [[Carrier Aircraft Service Unit]]s. If needed a Carrier Aircraft Service Unit could be redesignated into a Combat Aircraft Service Unit, Scout Observation Service unit or Patrol Service units. These units could also be land-based or on an aircraft repair ship.<ref>Mechanic on the Wing: The Untold Story of Carrier Aircraft Service Unit Eleven (CASU-11) 1943 - 1946, by William H Little</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/AHUNAW/31*.html|title=The Navy's Air War, Chapter 31|website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.casu44.com/casudiary.html |title=US Navy War Diaries: Carrier Aircraft Service Unit 44, ACORN 35 & ACORN 39 |website=casu44.com}}</ref>

*''Chourre'' class<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chourre (ARV-1) Class|url=https://www.shipscribe.com/usnaux/ARV/ARV01.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.shipscribe.com}}</ref>
** {{USS|Chourre|ARV-1|4}}
** {{USS|Webster|ARV-2|4}}
*[[Aventinus-class aircraft repair ship|''Aventinus'' class aircraft engine repair ships]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aventinus (ARVE-3) Class|url=https://www.shipscribe.com/usnaux/ARVE/ARVE03.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.shipscribe.com}}</ref>
** USS ''Aventinus'' (ARV(E)-3)
** USS ''Chloris'' (ARV(E)-4)
*[[Fabius-class aircraft repair ship|''Fabius'' class]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fabius (ARVA-5) Class|url=https://www.shipscribe.com/usnaux/ARVA/ARVA05.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.shipscribe.com}}</ref>
** USS ''Fabius'' (ARV(A)-5)
** USS ''Megara'' (ARV(A)-6)

[[Aircraft carrier]]s are not aircraft repair ships, but do have aircraft repair shops aboard. Most [[carrier-based aircraft]] repairs are done on the aircraft carriers.<ref>[https://www.navy.com/careers/aviation-structural-mechanic US Navy Aviation mechanic]</ref><ref>[https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9316.html Aircraft Carrier Maintenance Cycles and Their Effects, by Roland J. Yardley, James G. Kallimani, John F. Schank, Clifford A. Grammich]</ref><ref>[https://www.navy.com/careers/aviation-maintenance-duty-officer US Navy US Navy Aviation Duty Mechanic]</ref>

During the [[Vietnam War]] one seaplane tender was converted into a Helicopter Aircraft Repair Ship (ARVH)
** [[USNS Corpus Christi Bay (T-ARVH-1)|USNS ''Corpus Christi Bay'' (T-ARVH-1)]]

==Seaplane tender==
{{See also|List of US Seaplane tenders}}
The US Navy operated a fleet of [[seaplane tender]]s used to maintain the many U.S. Navy [[seaplane]]s. Some seaplane tenders were converted cargo ships. The {{USS|Curtiss|AV-4|6}} was the first ship built to be a seaplane tender. Seaplane tender serviced and repaired [[seaplane]]s used in forward bases used for long-range patrol. Seaplane tenders were able to do repair and maintenance and had all the supplies needed to operate in remote forward bases for months. Once a land-based forward base was built the seaplane tender could move on to a more forward base. Seaplane tenders acted as [[barracks]], supply depots, workshops, air [[mechanic]] and control towers for the planes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uboat.net/allies/warships/types.html?navy=uss&type=Seaplane+tender|title=Seaplane tenders - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net|website=uboat.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/41/41idx.htm|title=NavSource Auxiliary Ship Photo Archive|website=www.navsource.org}}</ref><ref>[https://pearlharbor.org/what-were-seaplane-tenders/ Learning Pearl Harbor: What Were Seaplane Tenders?]</ref> The {{USS|Albemarle|AV-5|6}} was converted to repair [[helicopter]]s for the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=James W. |title=A History of Army Aviation: From Its Beginnings to the War on Terror |date=September 2005  |isbn=978-0-595-36608-8 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be6XiVviR-QC |access-date=10 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Army |date=1964 |publisher=Association of the United States Army |location=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3HEue_KetcoC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Olsen |first1=Ken |title='NOTHING WE COULDN'T BUILD' |url=https://www.legion.org/magazine/244874/nothing-we-couldnt-build |website=The American Legion |access-date=10 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Maj_Gen_Herbert_A_Dargue.jpg|thumb|The Liberty ship ''Rebecca Lukens'', part of U.S. Army's Operation Ivory Soap, was converted into a floating machine shop, repair, and maintenance depot and rechristened as the ''Maj Gen Herbert A Dargue'']]

==United States Army==
{{main|Operation Ivory Soap}}
The demand for aircraft repair in the [[United States Army Air Forces]] in the [[Pacific War|Pacific Theatre of Operations]] was so high during World War II, a special program was started called [[Operation Ivory Soap]]. Operation Ivory Soap objective was to convert six [[Liberty ship]]s into aircraft repair ships, called "Aircraft Repair Units (Floating)". With hundreds of [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]] [[bomber]] aircraft operating in the Pacific the ships were stocked B-29 parts and B-29 trained personnel. In addition to the Liberty ship for the B-29, eighteen smaller auxiliary ships were built for [[fighter aircraft]] support. These eighteen ship were {{convert|187|ft}} long and designated, Aircraft Maintenance Units. The eighteen ships provided repair and maintenance to smaller aircraft like the [[North American P-51 Mustang]], [[Lockheed P-38]] fighters, and [[Sikorsky R-4]] helicopters.<ref name="felknor">{{Cite web |first1=Bruce |last1=Felknor |url=http://www.usmm.org/felknorivory.html|title=Top Secret Project Ivory Soap -- Aircraft Repair Ships|website=www.usmm.org |
archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422093035/http://www.usmm.org/felknorivory.html|archive-date=Apr 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web   |last=Crockett|first=Jeffery R. D.|url=https://www.armed-guard.com/jrdc.html   |title=Jeffery R. D. Crockett |access-date=7 December 2017   |archive-date=8 February 2022   |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208033608/https://www.armed-guard.com/jrdc.html   |url-status=live   }}</ref>

==Parts==
The key to the aircraft repair ships was the supply of parts, keeping ship supply depots stocked with the needed parts. Both the U.S. Navy and the [[World War II United States Merchant Navy]] kept parts flowing from the United States to the aircraft repair ships where they were needed.<ref name="auto"/><ref>[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/b/beans-bullets-black-oil.html Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil, The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific During World War II, by Rear Adm. Worrall Reed Carter USN (Retired)]</ref> US Navy operated a fleet of [[List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy#Aviation Stores Issue Ships (AVS)|Aviation Stores Issue Ships (AVS)]] to supply needed parts.<ref>"Grumium". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command.</ref>

During the 1950s the Navy converted 4 ships into Advance Aviation Base Ships
** [[USS Alameda County (AVB-1)|USS ''Alameda County'' (AVB-1)]]
** [[USS Tallahatchie County (AVB-2)|USS ''Tallahatchie County'' (AVB-2)]]
*''Wright''-class:
** {{SS|Wright|T-AVB-3}}
** [[USNS Curtiss (T-AVB-4)|USNS ''Curtiss'' (T-AVB-4)]]

==Royal Navy==
{{main|Aircraft maintenance carriers of the Royal Navy}}
The British [[Royal Navy]] for the support of its World War II aircraft, built three aircraft maintenance carriers. The first ship was {{HMS|Unicorn|I72|6}} in 1930. The next aircraft repair ships were two {{sclass|Colossus|aircraft carrier|0}} ships; {{HMS|Pioneer|R76|6}} and {{HMS|Perseus|R51|6}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Carrier Aviation: The Evolution of the Ships and Their Aircraft|year=1988|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=0-87021-054-8}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Hobbs|first=David|title=Moving Bases: Royal Navy Maintenance Carriers and MONABs|publisher=Maritime Books|location=Liskeard, Cornwall, UK|year=2007|isbn=978-1-904459-30-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|title=British & Commonwealth Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Polmar|first1=Norman|last2=Genda |first2=Minoru |authorlink2=Minoru Genda|title=Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events|publisher=Potomac Books|location=Washington, D.C.|year=2006|volume=1, 1909–1945|isbn=1-57488-663-0|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> The Royal Navy also operated a fleet of [[List of seaplane carriers of the Royal Navy|seaplane carriers]].<ref>{{cite book |title=A Century of Naval Construction, The History of the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors |author=D.K. Brown |isbn=0-85177-282-X |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |year=1983 |location=London |page=114}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
B-29 in flight.jpg|[[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]] in flight
Wright Cyclone GR 3350 1.jpg|[[Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone]] B-29 Superfortress engine
Consolidated B-24 "Liberator" gets a complete overhaul before flight (00910460 086).jpg|[[Consolidated B-24 Liberator]] overhaul
Aviation machinists mates at Navy Pier, Chicago, Illinois. Students working on a complex aircraft engine. - NARA - 520923.jpg|Aviation machinists mates working on an aircraft engine
USS Curtiss (AV-4) in 1940 (NH 55535).jpg|{{USS|Curtiss|AV-4|6}}, an aircraft repair ship
PB4Y-1 VPB-110 on patrol over Atlantic September 1944.jpg|US Navy [[PB4Y-1 Liberator]] on patrol with [[VPB-110]] unit
File:PBY 5A Catalina.jpg|[[Consolidated PBY Catalina]]
PBY-5A VP-61 Aleutians Mar 1943.jpg|PBY-5A with [[VP-61]] unit over the Aleutians in 1943
SOC scoutplane is hoisted on board, during recovery by USS Philadelphia (CL-41).jpg|Scoutplane being hoisted on board {{USS|Philadelphia|CL-41|6}}
File:PBM Marimer VP-47 on hoist.jpg|[[Martin PBM Mariner]] with the [[VP-47]] unit on hoist
Hellcats F6F-3, May 1943.jpg|US Navy [[Grumman F6F Hellcat]] in 1943
USS Timbalier (AVP-54).jpg|{{USS|Timbalier|AVP-54|6}} with two [[Martin PBM Mariner]] [[flying boat]]s
USS Pine Island AV-12.jpg|{{USS|Pine Island|AV-12|6}}, a seaplane tender
TBM3 Avenger - Chino Airshow 2014 (14344070442).jpg|US Navy [[Grumman TBF Avenger]]
F4U Corsair.jpg|[[Vought F4U Corsair]]
Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver warbird in flight.jpg|[[Curtiss SB2C Helldiver]] warbird in flight
</gallery>

==See also==

*[[Aviation machinist's mate]]
*[[US Naval Advance Bases]]
*[[Espiritu Santo Naval Base]]
*[[Naval Advance Base Saipan]]
*[[Naval Base Noumea]]
*[[Repair ship]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Seaplane tenders}}
{{commons category|Seaplane tenders of the United States}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPiDF19UT7s youtube, Gerald Edward Houppert, Aviation Machinist's Mate Second Class, US Navy, World War Two]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lotxWVgXnuM youtube, America's WW2 Flying Boat That Came With A Kitchen, Martin PBM Mariner]
* [http://www.usmm.org/felknorivory.html Top Secret Project Ivory Soap -- Aircraft Repair Ships]
* [https://mobilebaymag.com/operation-ivory-soap/ Operation Ivory Soap]
* [https://japan.stripes.com/community-news/operation-ivory-soap-was-secret-no-beauty-secret-1547824609 Operation Ivory Soap was a secret, but no beauty secret]
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CRECB-2000-pt15/CRECB-2000-pt15-Pg22129 146 Cong. Rec. 22129 - OPERATION IVORY SOAP]
* [https://www.hurlburt.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Fact-Sheets/Article/204547/801st-special-operations-aircraft-maintenance-squadron/ 801st Special Operations Aircraft Maintenance Squadron]

{{Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries}}
{{US Navy navbox}}
{{Aviation Supply Issue Ships (AVS)}}
{{Aircraft Repair Unit (Floating)}}
{{Design 427 coastal freighters}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:United States Navy]]
[[Category:Military engineering of the United States]]
[[Category:Ship types]]
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