Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Algernon Charles Swinburne

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|English poet, playwright, novelist, and critic}}
{{Redirect|Swinburne}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name        = Algernon Charles Swinburne
| image       = Picture of Algernon C. Swinburne.jpg
| caption     = Swinburne aged 52
| birth_date  = {{birth date|1837|4|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| education = [[Eton College]]
| alma_mater = [[Balliol College, Oxford]]
| death_date  = {{death date and age|1909|4|10|1837|4|5|df=y}}
| death_place = London, England
| movement = [[Decadent movement]], [[pre-Raphaelite]]
| period = [[Victorian era]]
| occupation  = Poet, playwright, novelist and critic
| notablework = ''[[Poems and Ballads]]''
| signature   = Signature of Algernon Charles Swinburne.png
}}
'''Algernon Charles Swinburne''' (5 April 1837 – 10 April 1909) was an English poet, playwright, novelist and critic. He wrote several novels and collections of poetry such as ''[[Poems and Ballads]]'', and contributed to the [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Eleventh Edition]] of the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.

Swinburne wrote about many [[taboo]] topics, such as [[lesbianism]], [[sado-masochism]], and [[anti-theism]]. His poems have many common motifs, such as the ocean, time, and death. Several historical people are featured in his poems, such as [[Sappho]] ("Sapphics"), [[Anactoria]] ("Anactoria"),  and [[Catullus]] ("To Catullus").<ref name=wa/>

==Biography==
[[File:Algernon Charles Swinburne, 1862.jpg|thumb|''Algernon Charles Swinburne'', 1862, by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]]]]

Swinburne was born at 7 Chester Street, [[Grosvenor Place]], London, on 5 April 1837. He was the eldest of six children born to Captain (later Admiral) Charles Henry Swinburne (1797–1877) and Lady Jane Henrietta, daughter of the [[George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham|3rd Earl of Ashburnham]], a wealthy [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbrian]] family. He grew up at East Dene in [[Bonchurch]] on the [[Isle of Wight]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poets/detail/algernon-charles-swinburne|title=Algernon Charles Swinburne|website=www.poetryfoundation.org|access-date=2016-05-03}}</ref> The Swinburnes also had a London home at Whitehall Gardens, Westminster.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Montagu H |last2=Norman | first2=Philip |title=No. 3 Whitehall Gardens Pages 204-207 Survey of London: Volume 13, St Margaret, Westminster, Part II: Whitehall I. Originally published by London County Council, London, 1930. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp204-207 |website=British History Online |access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>

As a child, Swinburne was "nervous" and "frail", but "was also fired with nervous energy and fearlessness to the point of being reckless."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne.aspx|title=Algernon Charles Swinburne Facts, information, pictures {{!}} Encyclopedia.com articles about Algernon Charles Swinburne|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2016-05-03}}</ref> He went riding and wrote plays with his first cousin [[Mrs. Disney Leith|Mary Gordon]] who lived nearby on the Isle of Wight. They secretly collaborated on her second book, ''Children of the Chapel'', which contained an unusual amount of beatings.<ref>{{Citation |last=Mitchell |first=Jeremy |title=Gordon [married name Leith], Mary Charlotte Julia [known as Mrs Disney Leith] (1840–1926), novelist and Icelandic traveller |date=2023-05-11 |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-90000382399 |work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |access-date=2023-09-02 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000382399 |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 |last2=Powney |first2=Janet}}</ref>

Swinburne attended [[Eton College]] (1849–53), where he started writing poetry. At Eton, he won first prizes in French and Italian.<ref name=":0" /> He attended [[Balliol College, Oxford]] (1856–60), with a brief hiatus when he was [[Rustication (academia)|rusticated]]<ref name="le">{{Citation |last=Swinburne |first=Algernon |editor1-last=Gosse |editor1-first=Edmund |volume=1-6 |editor2-last=Wise |editor2-first=Thomas |year=1919 | title=The Letters of Algernon Charles Swinburne |publisher=John Lane Company |location=New York |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=makvAAAAIAAJ |access-date=4 December 2015 }}</ref> from the university in 1859 for having publicly supported the attempted assassination of [[Napoleon III]] by [[Felice Orsini]].<ref name="vw">{{cite web |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/swinburne/acsbio1.html |title=A. C. Swinburne: Biography |last1=Everett |first1=Glenn |website=Victorian Web |access-date=4 December 2015 }}</ref> He returned in May 1860, though he never received a degree.

Swinburne spent summer holidays at [[Capheaton Hall]] in [[Northumberland]], the house of his grandfather, [[Sir John Swinburne, 6th Baronet]] (1762–1860), who had a famous library and was president of the [[Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne|Literary and Philosophical Society]] in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]. Swinburne considered Northumberland to be his native county, an emotion reflected in poems like the intensely patriotic "Northumberland", "[[Grace Darling]]" and others. He enjoyed riding his pony across the moors; he was a daring horseman, "through honeyed leagues of the northland border", as he called the Scottish border in his ''Recollections''.<ref name=de>{{Citation |last=Swinburne |first=Algernon |year=2013 | title=Delphi Complete Works of Algernon Charles Swinburne (Illustrated) |publisher=Delphi Classics |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5WYbAgAAQBAJ |access-date=4 December 2015 |isbn=9781909496699 }}</ref>

In the period 1857–60, Swinburne became a member of [[Pauline, Lady Trevelyan|Lady Trevelyan]]'s intellectual circle at [[Wallington Hall]].

After his grandfather's death in 1860 he stayed with [[William Bell Scott]] in Newcastle. In 1861, Swinburne visited [[Menton]] on the [[French Riviera]], staying at the Villa Laurenti to recover from the excessive use of alcohol.<ref name="Jones2007">{{cite book|author=Ted Jones|title=The French Riviera: A Literary Guide for Travellers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IeTGSDuFU6YC&pg=PA185|date=15 December 2007|publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|isbn=978-1-84511-455-8|pages=185–}}</ref> From Menton, Swinburne travelled to [[Italy]], where he journeyed extensively.<ref name="Jones2007"/> In December 1862, Swinburne accompanied Scott and his guests, probably including [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], on a trip to [[Tynemouth]]. Scott writes in his memoirs that, as they walked by the sea, Swinburne declaimed the as yet unpublished "[[Hymn to Proserpine]]" and "Laus Veneris" in his lilting intonation, while the waves "were running the whole length of the long level sands towards [[Cullercoats]] and sounding like far-off acclamations".<ref>{{Citation |last=Scott |first=William |year=1892 | title=Autobiographical Notes of the Life of William Bell Scott |publisher=Forgotten Books |location=London |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=makvAAAAIAAJ |access-date=4 December 2015 }}</ref>

[[File:Algernon Charles Swinburne with nine of his peers at Oxford, ca. 1850s.jpg|thumb|NPG P416. Swinburne with nine of his peers at Oxford, ca. 1850s (Left to right: 1. [[Joseph Frank Payne]], standing; 2. George Rankine Luke, sitting; 3. John Warneford Hoole, standing; 4. Algernon Charles Swinburne, sitting; 5. [[T. H. Green|Thomas Hill Green]], standing; 6. [[John Nichol (biographer)|John Nichol]], sitting; 7. [[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce]], standing; 8. [[A. V. Dicey|Albert Venn Dicey]], sitting; 9. [[Aeneas James George Mackay]], standing; 10. [[Thomas Erskine Holland]], sitting)<ref>’’Algernon Charles Swinburne with nine of his peers at Oxford’’  https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portraitExtended/mw08504/Algernon-Charles-Swinburne-with-nine-of-his-peers-at-Oxford</ref>]]

At Oxford, Swinburne met several [[Pre-Raphaelites]], including Dante Gabriel Rossetti. He also met [[William Morris]]. After leaving college, he lived in London and started an active writing career, where Rossetti was delighted with his "little Northumbrian friend", probably a reference to Swinburne's diminutive height—he was just 5'4".<ref>Edmund Gosse, ''The Life of Algernon Swinburne'', 1917 (The Macmillan Company), p. 258, cited (w/ a Google-book link) at {{cite web |url=http://www.reelyredd.com/english-1208as-beforedawn.htm |title=Before Dawn by Algernon Swinburne |access-date=2012-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512090821/http://www.reelyredd.com/english-1208as-beforedawn.htm |archive-date=12 May 2015}}.</ref>

Swinburne was an [[alcoholic]] and [[algolagnia]]c and highly excitable. He liked to be [[flagellation|flogged]].<ref name="to">{{cite news|author1=John O‘Connell|title=Sex and books: London's most erotic writers|url=http://www.timeout.com/london/books/sex-and-books-londons-most-erotic-writers|access-date=26 November 2015|work=Time Out|date=28 February 2008|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410145448/https://www.timeout.com/london/books/sex-and-books-londons-most-erotic-writers|url-status=dead}}</ref> His health suffered, and in 1879 at the age of 42, he was taken into care by his friend, [[Theodore Watts-Dunton]], who looked after him for the rest of his life at [[The Pines, Putney|The Pines]], 11 Putney Hill, [[Putney]].<ref>[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/S Blue Plaques Listing for London], English Heritage, Accessed December 2009.</ref> Watts-Dunton took him to the lost town of [[Dunwich]], on the Suffolk coast, on several occasions in the 1870s.<ref>W.G.Sebald, The Rings of Saturn, Harvill 1998 / Vintage 2002 pp. 161-66</ref>

[[File:Algernon C Swinburne grave, Bonchurch.jpg|thumb|alt=Swinburne's gravestone|Swinburne's grave at [[St. Boniface Church, Bonchurch]], Isle of Wight, pictured in 2013]]

In Watts-Dunton's care Swinburne lost his youthful rebelliousness and developed into a figure of social respectability.<ref name=wa/> It was said of Watts-Dunton that he saved the man and killed the poet. Swinburne died at the Pines<ref name="Maxwell" />{{rp|xii}} on 10 April 1909, at the age of 72, and was buried at [[St. Boniface Church, Bonchurch]] on the [[Isle of Wight]].<ref>Wilson, Scott. ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'', 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 45952-45953). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition</ref>

==Work==
[[File:16 Cheyne Walk 04.JPG|thumb|upright|16 Cheyne Walk, home to Swinburne]]
[[File:16 Cheyne Walk 03.JPG|thumb|Blue plaque at 16 Cheyne Walk]]
[[File:The Pines, Putney 10.JPG|thumb|upright|[[The Pines, Putney]]]]
[[File:The Pines, Putney 03.jpg|thumb|Blue plaque at The Pines, Putney]]

[[File:swinburne-ape.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Swinburne caricatured by [[Carlo Pellegrini (caricaturist)|Carlo Pellegrini]] In ''[[Vanity Fair (UK magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' in 1874]]Swinburne's poetic works include: ''[[Atalanta in Calydon]]'' (1865), ''[[Poems and Ballads]]'' (1866), ''[[Songs before Sunrise]]'' (1871), ''[[Poems and Ballads Second Series]]'', (1878) ''[[Tristram of Lyonesse]]'' (1882), ''[[Poems and Ballads Third Series]]'' (1889), and the novel ''[[Lesbia Brandon]]'' (published posthumously in 1952).

''[[Poems and Ballads]]'' caused a sensation when it was first published, especially the poems written in homage to [[Sappho of Lesbos]] such as "[[Anactoria]]" and "[[Sapphics]]": Moxon and Co. transferred its publication rights to [[John Camden Hotten]].<ref>Walter M. Kendrick, "The secret museum: pornography in modern culture", University of California Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-520-20729-7}}, p.168</ref> Other poems in this volume such as "The Leper", "Laus Veneris", and "St Dorothy" evoke a Victorian fascination with the [[Middle Ages]], and are explicitly [[medieval (term)|mediaeval]] in style, tone and construction. Also featured in this volume are "[[Hymn to Proserpine]]", "[[The Triumph of Time]]" and "[[Dolores (Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs)]]".

Swinburne wrote in a wide variety of forms, including [[Sapphic stanza]]s (comprising 3 [[Hendecasyllable|hendecasyllabic]] lines followed by an [[Adonic]]): 
{{Poem quote|
So the goddess fled from her place, with awful
Sound of feet and thunder of wings around her;
While behind a clamour of singing women
     Severed the twilight.{{sfn|Swinburne|1889|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9YIRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA229 229]}}
|source="Sapphics", stanza 6}}

Swinburne devised the poetic form called the [[Roundel (poem)|roundel]], a variation of the French [[Rondeau (poetry)|Rondeau]], and examples of this form were included in ''A Century of Roundels'' dedicated to [[Christina Rossetti]].  Swinburne wrote to [[Edward Burne-Jones]] in 1883: "I have got a tiny new book of songs or songlets, in one form and all manner of metres ... just coming out, of which Miss Rossetti has accepted the dedication. I hope you and Georgie ''[his wife Georgiana, one of the [[MacDonald sisters]]]'' will find something to like among a hundred poems of nine lines each, twenty-four of which are about babies or small children". Opinions about these poems vary, some finding them captivating and brilliant while others see them as over-clever and contrived.  One of these poems, ''A Baby's Death'', was set to music by the English composer [[Sir Edward Elgar]] as the song "[[Roundel: The little eyes that never knew Light]]". English composer [[Mary Augusta Wakefield]] set Swinburne's ''May Time in Midwinter'' to music.

Swinburne was influenced by the work of [[William Shakespeare]], [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]], [[Catullus]], [[William Morris]], [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], [[Robert Browning]], [[Alfred Lord Tennyson]], and [[Victor Hugo]].<ref name="Maxwell">{{Citation |last=Maxwell |first=Catherine |year=2012| chapter=Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |doi=10.1017/CCOL9780521895156.018 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Pre-Raphaelites |pages=236–249 |isbn=9781139017183 |hdl=1880/43796 |url=https://archive.org/details/swinburne0000maxw/page/n1/mode/2up}}</ref> Swinburne was popular in England during his lifetime but his stature has greatly decreased since his death.

After the first ''Poems and Ballads'', Swinburne's later poetry became increasingly devoted to celebrations of [[republicanism]] and revolutionary causes, particularly in the volume ''[[Songs before Sunrise]]''.<ref name="wa" /> "A Song of Italy" is dedicated to Mazzini; "Ode on the Proclamation of the French Republic" is dedicated to Victor Hugo; and "Dirae" is a sonnet sequence of vituperative attacks against those whom Swinburne believed to be enemies of liberty. ''Erechtheus'' is the culmination of Swinburne's republican verse.<ref name="wa" />

He did not stop writing love poetry entirely; indeed his epic-length poem ''Tristram of Lyonesse'' was produced during this period but its content is much less shocking than that of his earlier love poetry. His versification, and especially his rhyming technique, remained in top form to the end.<ref name="wa">{{Citation |last=Walsh |first=John |year=2012| title=An Introduction to Algernon Charles Swinburne |publisher=The Algernon Charles Swinburne Project |location=Bloomington |url= http://swinburnearchive.indiana.edu/swinburne/view#docId=swinburne/acs0000503-01.xml |access-date=4 December 2015 }}</ref>

==Reception==
Swinburne is considered a poet of the [[Decadent movement|decadent]] school.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alkalay-Gut|first=Karen|title="Aesthetic and Decadent Poetry", in The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Poetry, edited by Joseph Bristow|date=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0521646802|page=228|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPji0BTEXqoC}}</ref> Swinburne's verses dealing with [[sadomasochism]], [[lesbian]]ism and other taboo subjects often attracted Victorian ire, and led to him becoming persona non grata in high society {{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}. Rumours about his perversions often filled the broadsheets, and he ironically used to play along, confessing to being a [[Pederasty|pederast]] and having sex with monkeys.<ref>{{cite web |last=Everett |first=Glenn |date=June 2000 |title=A. C. Swinburne: Biography |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/swinburne/acsbio1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427075656/https://victorianweb.org/authors/swinburne/acsbio1.html |archive-date=27 April 2022 |website=www.victorianweb.org |access-date=6 December 2007 }}</ref>

In France, Swinburne was highly praised by [[Stéphane Mallarmé]], and was invited to contribute to a book in honour of the poet [[Théophile Gautier]], ''Le tombeau de Théophile Gautier'' ([[wikisource:fr:Le Tombeau de Théophile Gautier/Texte entier|Wikisource]]): he answered by six poems in French, English, Latin and Greek.

[[H. P. Lovecraft]] considered Swinburne "the only real poet in either England or America after the death of Mr. [[Edgar Allan Poe]]."<ref>H.P. Lovecraft, ''Selected Letters: Volume 1''. Sauk City: WI: Arkham House, 1965, p. 73</ref>

[[Renee Vivien]], the English poet, was highly impressed with Swinburne and often included quotes of him in her works.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Renee-Vivien | title=Renée Vivien &#124; French poet &#124; Britannica }}</ref>

[[T. S. Eliot]] read Swinburne's essays on the Shakespearean and Jonsonian dramatists in ''The Contemporaries of Shakespeare'' and ''The Age of Shakespeare'' and Swinburne's books on Shakespeare and Jonson. Writing on Swinburne in ''The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism'', Eliot wrote Swinburne had mastered his material, and "he is a more reliable guide to [these dramatists] than [[William Hazlitt|Hazlitt]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge|Coleridge]], or [[Charles Lamb (writer)|Lamb]]: and his perception of relative values is almost always correct". Eliot wrote that Swinburne, as a poet, "mastered his technique, which is a great deal, but he did not master it to the extent of being able to take liberties with it, which is everything."<ref>Eliot T.S. ''Reflections on Vers Libre'' New Statesman 1917</ref> Furthermore, Eliot disliked Swinburne's prose, about which he wrote "the tumultuous outcry of adjectives, the headstrong rush of undisciplined sentences, are the index to the impatience and perhaps laziness of a disorderly mind.".<ref>{{cite book|last=Eliot|first=T. S.|title=The Sacred Wood and Major Early Essays|date=1998|publisher=Dover Publications| location=Mineola NY| isbn=978-0486299365|page=10}}</ref>

Swinburne was nominated for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] every year from 1903 to 1909. In 1908 he was one of the main candidates considered for the prize, and was nominated again in 1909.<ref name="nobellit">{{Cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=8936
| title = Algernon Charles Swinburne| work = The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Literature| date = April 2020| publisher = Nobel Foundation| access-date =14 March 2021}}</ref><ref>Helmer Lång, ''100 nobelpris i litteratur 1901–2001'', Symposion 2001, pp. 25, 56.</ref><ref>Wilhelm Odelberg, ''Nobel: The Man and His Prizes'', p. 97.</ref>

Selections from his poems were translated into French by [[Gabriel Mourey]]: ''Poèmes et ballades d'Algernon Charles Swinburne'' (Paris, Albert Savine, 1891), incorporating notes by [[Guy de Maupassant]]; and ''Chants d'avant l'aube de Swinburne'' (Paris, P.-V. Stock, 1909). [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] repeatedly emulated Swinburne in his own poetry, and it is believed that his acquaintance with Swinburne was primarily through Mourey's French translations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Calvin S. |date=June 1940 |title=More Swinburne-D'Annunzio Parallels |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030812900019283/type/journal_article |journal=Publications of the Modern Language Association of America |language=en |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=559–567 |doi=10.2307/458461 |issn=0030-8129 |jstor=458461}}</ref>

===Verse drama===
*''The Queen Mother'' (1860)
*''Rosamond'' (1860)
*''Chastelard'' (1865)
*''Bothwell'' (1874)
*''Mary Stuart'' (1881)
*''Marino Faliero'' (1885)
*''Locrine'' (1887)
*''The Sisters'' (1892)
*''Rosamund, Queen of the Lombards'' (1899)

===Prose drama===
*''[[La Soeur de la reine]]'' (published posthumously 1964)

===Poetry===
*''Atalanta in Calydon'' (1865){{ref|cross|†}}
*''[[Poems and Ballads]]'' (1866)
*''[[s:Songs before Sunrise (Swinburne)|Songs Before Sunrise]]'' (1871)
*''[[s:Songs of Two Nations|Songs of Two Nations']]'' (1875)
*''Erechtheus'' (1876){{ref|cross|†}}
*''[[s:Poems and Ballads (second series)|Poems and Ballads, Second Series]]'' (1878)
*''[[s:Songs of the Springtides|Songs of the Springtides]]'' (1880)
*''[[s:Studies in Song|Studies in Song]]'' (1880)
*''The Heptalogia, or the Seven against Sense. A Cap with Seven Bells'' (1880)
*''[[s:Tristram of Lyonesse and Other Poems|Tristram of Lyonesse]]'' (1882)
*''[[s:A Century of Roundels|A Century of Roundels]]'' (1883)
*''[[s:A Midsummer Holiday and Other Poems|A Midsummer Holiday and Other Poems]]'' (1884)
*''[[s:Poems and Ballads (third series)|Poems and Ballads, Third Series]]'' (1889)
*''[[s:Astrophel and Other Poems|Astrophel and Other Poems]]'' (1894)
*''[[s:The Tale of Balen|The Tale of Balen]]'' (1896)
*''[[s:A Channel Passage and Other Poems|A Channel Passage and Other Poems]]'' (1904)
:{{note|cross|†}}Although formally tragedies, ''Atalanta in Calydon'' and ''Erechtheus'' are traditionally included with "poetry".

===Criticism===
*''[[s:William Blake, a critical essay|William Blake: A Critical Essay]]'' (1868, new edition 1906)
*''[[s:Under the Microscope|Under the Microscope]]'' (1872)
*''[[s:George Chapman, a critical essay|George Chapman: A Critical Essay]]'' (1875)
*''[[s:Essays and Studies (Swinburne)|Essays and Studies]]'' (1875)
*''[[s:A Note on Charlotte Brontë|A Note on Charlotte Brontë]]'' (1877)
*''[[s:A Study of Shakespeare|A Study of Shakespeare]]'' (1880)
*''[[s:A Study of Victor Hugo|A Study of Victor Hugo]]'' (1886)
*''[[s:A Study of Ben Jonson|A Study of Ben Johnson]]'' (1889)
*''Studies in Prose and Poetry'' (1894)
*''[[s:The Age of Shakespeare|The Age of Shakespeare]]'' (1908)
*''Shakespeare'' (1909)

===Major collections===
*''The poems of Algernon Charles Swinburne'', 6 vols. London: Chatto & Windus, 1904.
*''The Tragedies of Algernon Charles Swinburne'', 5 vols. London: Chatto & Windus, 1905.
*''The Complete Works of Algernon Charles Swinburne'', ed. Sir Edmund Gosse and Thomas James Wise, 20 vols. Bonchurch Edition; London and New York: William Heinemann and Gabriel Wells, 1925–7.
*''The Swinburne Letters'', ed. Cecil Y. Lang, 6 vols. 1959–62.
*''Uncollected Letters of Algernon Charles Swinburne'', ed. Terry L. Meyers, 3 vols. 2004.

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= '''Algernon Charles Swinburne'''
|2= Admiral Charles Henry Swinburne
|3= Lady Jane Henrietta Ashburnham
|4= Sir [[Sir John Swinburne, 6th Baronet|John Edward Swinburne, 6th Baronet]]
|5= Emilia Elizabeth Bennet
|6= [[George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham]]
|7= [[Lady Charlotte Percy, Countess of Ashburnham]]
|8= Sir [[Edward Swinburne, 5th Baronet]]
|9= Catherine/Christiana Dillon
|10= [[Richard Henry Alexander Bennet (senior)|Richard Henry Alexander Bennet]] of [[Beckenham]]
|11= Elizabeth Amelia Burrell
|12= [[John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl of Ashburnham]]
|13= Elizabeth Crowley/Crawley, Countess of Ashburnham
|14= [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley]]
|15= [[Isabella Burrell, Countess of Beverley]]
|16= Sir [[John Swinburne, 3rd Baronet]]
|17= Mary Bedingfield
|18= Robert Dillon, Lord of [[Terrafort]]
|19= Martha Newland
|20= [[Bennett Alexander Bennett]]
|21= Mary Ash
|22= [[Peter Burrell (1724–1775)|Peter Burrell of Langley Park]]
|23= Elizabeth Lewis
|24= Colonel [[John Ashburnham, 1st Earl of Ashburnham]]
|25= [[Jemima Grey, Countess of Ashburnham]]
|26= John Crowley/Crawley
|27= [[Theodosia Gascoygne/Gascoigne]]
|28= Sir [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]
|29= [[Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Northumberland]]
|30= [[Peter Burrell (1724–1775)|Peter Burrell of Langley Park]]
|31= Elizabeth Lewis
}}

== See also ==
*''[[Flowers for Algernon]]'' also called ''[[Charly (1968 film)|Charly]]''.  [[Daniel Keyes]] paid [[Homage (arts)|homage]] to Algernon Charles Swinburne
*''[[Patience (opera)|Patience, or Bunthorne's Bride]]'' (1881), a Gilbert-and-Sullivan opera that satirizes Swinburne and his poetry

==References==
*{{cite book | last=Joshi | first=S. T. | author-link=S. T. Joshi | title=Lord Dunsany: a Bibliography / by S. T. Joshi and Darrell Schweitzer | location=Metuchen, N.J. | publisher=The Scarecrow Press, Inc. | page=2 | year=1993}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* [[Philip Henderson|Henderson, Philip]] (1974). ''Swinburne: The Portrait of a Poet''. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
* Hyder, Clyde K. (editor, 1970). ''Swinburne. The Critical Heritage''. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
* [[Mollie Panter-Downes|Panter-Downes, Mollie]] (1971). ''At the Pines: Swinburne and Watts-Dunton in Putney''. Hamish Hamilton.
* [[Donald Serrell Thomas|Thomas, Donald]] (1979). ''Swinburne: The Poet in his World''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
* Leith, Mrs. Disney. (1917). ''Algernon Charles Swinburne, Personal Recollections by his Cousin'' - With excerpts from some of his personal letters. London and New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons.
* Swinburne, Algernon (1919). Gosse, Edmund; Wise, Thomas, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=makvAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_similarbooks The Letters of Algernon Charles Swinburne]'', Volumes 1–6, New York: John Lane Company.
* {{cite book |last1=Swinburne |first1=Algernon Charles |title=Poems and Ballads: First Series |date=1889 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9YIRAAAAYAAJ |language=en}}
* Rooksby, Rikky (1997). ''A C Swinburne: A Poet's Life''. Aldershot: Scolar Press.
* Louis, Margot Kathleen (1990). ''Swinburne and His Gods: the Roots and Growth of an Agnostic Poetry''. Mcgill-Queens University Press.
* [[Jerome McGann|McGann, Jerome]] (1972). ''Swinburne: An Experiment in Criticism''. University of Chicago Press.
* [[Robert Peters (playwright)|Peters, Robert]] (1965). ''The Crowns of Apollo: Swinburne's Principles of Literature and Art: a Study in Victorian Criticism and Aesthetics''. Wayne State University Press.
* {{cite book|last=Anonymous|others=Illustrated by [[s:Author:Frederick Waddy|Frederick Waddy]]|title=Cartoon portraits and biographical sketches of men of the day
|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day/A._C._Swinburne
|year=1873|publisher=Tinsley Brothers|location=London|pages=48–49}}
* Wakeling, E; Hubbard, T; Rooksby, R (2008). ''Lewis Carroll, Robert Louis Stevenson and Algernon Charles Swinburne by their contemporaries''.  London: Pickering & Chatto, 3 vols.
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Swinburne, Algernon Charles |volume= 26 |last= Gosse |first= Edmund William |author-link= Edmund William Gosse| pages = 234&ndash;235}}
* {{cite DNB12|wstitle=Swinburne, Algernon Charles|last= Gosse |first= Edmund William |author-link= Edmund William Gosse}}
* {{cite ODNB|first=Rikky|last= Rooksby|title=Swinburne, Algernon Charles (1837–1909)|id=36389}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Algernon Charles Swinburne}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource author}}
* {{gutenberg author| id=832| name=Algernon Swinburne}} (plain text and HTML)
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Algernon Charles Swinburne}}
* Poetry of [http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/algernon-charles-swinburne Algernon Charles Swinburne] at the Poetry Foundation.
* {{Librivox author |id=583}}
* [http://www.bartleby.com/200/sw3.html "Swinburne as Critic"] in [[T. S. Eliot]]'s essay "Imperfect Critics", collected in ''The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism'', 1922.
* Archival material at {{wikidata|qualifier|property|P485|Q24568958|P856|format=\[%q %p\]}}
* [http://papyrocentricperformativity.wordpress.com/poems-and-brickbats/ Swinburne], a eulogy by [[A. E. Housman]]
* [http://www.stirnet.com/genie/data/british/ss4tz/swinburne02.php#top Stirnet: Swinburne02] {{subscription required}} Swinburne's genealogy.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101114030446/http://www.readbookonline.net/readOnLine/2355/ No. 2. The Pines], [[Max Beerbohm]]'s memoir of Swinburne.
* [http://swinburnearchive.indiana.edu/ The Swinburne Project]: A digital archive of the life and works of Algernon Charles Swinburne.
* [https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=01017 Algernon Charles Swinburne Collection] at the [[Harry Ransom Center]] 
* [[hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.swinbur|Algernon Swinburne Collection]]. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

{{Algernon Charles Swinburne}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swinburne, Algernon}}
[[Category:1837 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Westminster]]
[[Category:Artists' Rifles soldiers]]
[[Category:19th-century English poets]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Victorian poets]]
[[Category:English male poets]]
[[Category:British erotica writers]]
[[Category:Writers from London]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]