Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Amazon (company)

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|American multinational technology company}}
{{About|the multinational technology company|other companies|Amazon#Businesses and organizations}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2018}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Amazon.com, Inc.
| logo = Amazon logo.svg
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2000
| image = Amazon Tower I topped out, June 2015.jpg
| image_caption = The [[Doppler (building)|Doppler]] building, the company's headquarters in [[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
| trade_name = Amazon
| former_name = Cadabra, Inc. (1994–1995)
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NASDAQ|AMZN}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|US0231351067}}
| industry = {{hlist| [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
}}
| founded = {{start date and age|1994|07|05}}<br />[[Bellevue, Washington]], U.S.
| founder = [[Jeff Bezos]]
| hq_location_city = [[Seattle, Washington]] and [[Arlington County, Virginia]]
| hq_location_country = US
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|[[Jeff Bezos]]<br />([[executive chairman]])|[[Andy Jassy]]<br />([[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}}
| products = {{hlist|[[Amazon Echo|Echo]]|[[Amazon Fire tablet|Fire Tablet]]|[[Amazon Fire TV|Fire TV]]|[[Fire OS]]|[[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]]}}
| services = {{plainlist|
* [[Amazon.ca|Amazon.com]]
* [[Amazon Alexa]]
* [[Amazon Appstore]]
* [[Amazon Luna]]
* [[Amazon Music]]
* [[Amazon Pay]]
* [[Amazon Prime]]
* [[Amazon Prime Video]]
* [[MGM+]]
* [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]]
* [[Ring (company)|Ring]]
* [[Amazon Web Services]]
* [[Amazon Robotics]]
}}
| revenue = {{increase}} US$513.98 billion (2022)
| operating_income = {{decrease}} US$12.25 billion (2022)
| net_income = {{decrease}} US${{color|red|&minus;2.72}} billion (2022)
| assets = {{increase}} US$462.68 billion (2022)
| equity = {{increase}} US$146.04 billion (2022)
| num_employees = {{ubl|class=nowrap|{{decrease}} 1,684,853 (November 2023) | US: 1,112,555 (November 2023)}}
| subsid = {{collapsible list|[[A9.com]]|[[AbeBooks]]|[[Alexa Internet]]|[[Amazon.com]]|[[Amazon Air]]|[[Amazon Books]]|[[Amazon Fresh]]|[[Amazon Games]]|[[Amazon Lab126]]|[[Amazon Logistics]]|[[Amazon Pharmacy]]|[[Amazon Publishing]]|[[Amazon Robotics]]|[[Amazon MGM Studios]]|[[Amazon Web Services|AWS]]|[[Audible (service)|Audible]]|[[Blink Home|Blink]]|[[Body Labs]]|[[Book Depository]]|[[ComiXology]]|Eero LLC|[[Goodreads]]|[[Graphiq]]|[[IMDb]]|[[Kuiper Systems]]|[[PillPack]]|[[Ring (company)|Ring]]|[[Souq.com]]|[[Twitch Interactive]]|[[Whole Foods Market]]|[[Woot]]|[[Zappos]]|[[Zoox (company)|Zoox]]}}
| owner = Jeff Bezos (9.8%)
| website = {{Official url}}
| footnotes = <ref name=10K>{{cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872423000004/amzn-20221231.htm | title=Amazon.com, Inc. 2022 Form 10-K Annual Report | publisher=[[US Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=February 3, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/ |title=California Secretary of State Business Search |publisher=[[Secretary of State of California]] |access-date=October 26, 2018 |archive-date=February 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223134214/https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000110465922045572/tm223357-5_def14a.htm#tBOOS | title=Amazon.com, Inc. 2022 Proxy Statement | publisher=[[US Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=April 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-employees-number-1-of-153-us-workers-head-count-2021-7 |title=1 out of every 153 American workers is an Amazon employee |work=Business Insider |last=Reuter |first=Dominick |date=July 30, 2021 |access-date=February 4, 2022}}</ref>
}}

'''Amazon.com, Inc.'''<ref name=10K /> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|m|ə|z|ɒ|n}} {{respell|AM|ə|zon}}, {{IPAc-en|Ukalso|ˈ|æ|m|ə|z|ə|n}} {{respell|AM|ə|zən}}) is an American multinational technology company focusing on [[e-commerce]], [[cloud computing]], [[online advertising]], [[digital streaming]], and [[artificial intelligence]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Empire: The Rise and Reign of Jeff Bezos|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/amazon-empire/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> It is considered one of the [[Big Tech|Big Five]] American technology companies; the other four are [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]] (parent company of [[Google]]), [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] (parent company of [[Facebook]]), and [[Microsoft]].

Amazon was founded on July 5, 1994 by [[Jeff Bezos]] from his garage in [[Bellevue, Washington]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Amazon's John Schoettler has helped change how we think of corporate campuses |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417003045/https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2020/11/17/skyline-shaper-john-schoettler.html |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2020/11/17/skyline-shaper-john-schoettler.html |date=November 17, 2020 |last1=Guevara |first1=Natalie |work=[[Puget Sound Business Journal]] |access-date=March 9, 2021}}</ref> The company initially was an online marketplace for books, but incrementally expanded into a multitude of product categories, a strategy that has earned it the moniker "The Everything Store".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kakutani|first=Michiko|date=October 28, 2013|title=Selling as Hard as He Can|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/29/books/the-everything-store-jeff-bezos-and-the-age-of-amazon.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029073241/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/29/books/the-everything-store-jeff-bezos-and-the-age-of-amazon.html |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |url-access=limited|url-status=live|access-date=December 20, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> 

The company has multiple [[Subsidiary|subsidiaries]], including [[Amazon Web Services]], providing cloud computing, [[Zoox (company)|Zoox]], a [[self-driving car]] division, [[Kuiper Systems]], a satellite Internet provider, and [[Amazon Lab126]], a computer hardware [[Research and development|R&D]] provider. Other subsidiaries include [[Ring (company)|Ring]], [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]], [[IMDb]], and [[Whole Foods Market]]. Its acquisition of Whole Foods in August 2017 for {{USD}}13.4&nbsp;billion substantially increased its market share and presence as a [[physical retailer]].<ref name="wf">{{Cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170824006124/en/Amazon-and-Whole-Foods-Market-Announce-Acquisition-to-Close-This-Monday-Will-Work-Together-to-Make-High-Quality-Natural-and-Organic-Food-Affordable-for-Everyone |title=Amazon and Whole Foods Market Announce Acquisition to Close This Monday, Will Work Together to Make High-Quality, Natural and Organic Food Affordable for Everyone |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |date=August 24, 2017}}</ref>

Amazon has a reputation as a disruptor of industries through technological innovation and aggressive reinvestment of profits into capital expenditures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/312481|title=Why Amazon and Jeff Bezos Are So Successful at Disruption|last=Furth|first=John F.|date=May 18, 2018|website=Entrepreneur|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/299129|title=Amazon's Lesson About Disruption: Rattle Any Market You Can|last=Bylund|first=Per|date=August 29, 2017|website=Entrepreneur|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How to compete with Amazon |url=https://fortune.com/2013/10/24/how-to-compete-with-amazon/ |access-date=September 27, 2022 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reinvesting for Growth – Why Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN) is Undervalued Even in this Market |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/reinvesting-growth-why-amazon-com-015452330.html |access-date=September 27, 2022 |website=[[Yahoo Finance]]|language=en-US}}</ref> {{As of|2023}}, it is the world's largest [[Online shopping|online retailer]] and [[Online marketplace|marketplace]], [[smart speaker]] provider, cloud computing service through AWS,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.srgresearch.com/articles/microsoft-cloud-revenues-leap-amazon-still-way-out-front |title=Microsoft Cloud Revenues Leap; Amazon is Still Way Out in Front|publisher=Synergy Research Group|location=[[Reno, Nevada]]|date=October 29, 2014}}</ref> [[Live streaming|live-streaming]] service through Twitch, and [[largest Internet company by revenue|Internet company]] as measured by [[revenue]] and [[market share]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jopson |first=Barney |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/61828252-ac1d-11e0-b85c-00144feabdc0.html |title=Amazon urges California referendum on online tax |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=July 12, 2011 |access-date=August 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714230245/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/61828252-ac1d-11e0-b85c-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, it surpassed [[Walmart]] as the world's largest retailer outside of China, driven in large part by its paid subscription plan, [[Amazon Prime]], which has close to 200&nbsp;million subscribers worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Prime now has 200 million members, jumping 50 million in one year|url=https://news.yahoo.com/amazon-prime-has-200-million-members-142910961.html|access-date=December 20, 2021|website=[[Yahoo News]]|date=April 15, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=April 15, 2021|title=Amazon Prime Tops 200 Million Members, Jeff Bezos Says|url=https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/amazon-prime-200-million-jeff-bezos-1234952188/|access-date=February 14, 2022|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> It is the [[List of largest employers in the United States|second-largest private employer in the United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/23/amazon-climbs-into-list-of-top-five-largest-us-stocks-by-market-cap.html|title=Amazon climbs into list of top five largest US stocks by market cap|last=Cheng|first=Evelyn|date=September 23, 2016|website=CNBC|access-date=February 20, 2019}}</ref>

As of October 2023, Amazon is the [[List of most-visited websites|12th-most visited website in the world]] with 82% of its traffic coming from the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Websites Ranking |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |website=Similarweb |access-date=2021-12-01 |archive-date=2022-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.similarweb.com/website/amazon.com/#geography|title=amazon.com|website=[[Similarweb|similarweb.com]]}}</ref>

Amazon also distributes a variety of downloadable and streaming content through its [[Amazon Prime Video]], [[MGM+]], [[Amazon Music]], [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]], and [[Audible (store)|Audible]] units. It publishes books through its publishing arm, [[Amazon Publishing]], film and television content through [[Amazon MGM Studios]], including the [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] studio which acquired in March 2022. It also produces [[consumer electronics]]—most notably, [[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]] [[e-reader]]s, [[Amazon Echo|Echo]] devices, [[Kindle Fire|Fire]] [[tablet computer|tablets]], and [[Fire TV]]s.

Amazon [[Criticism of Amazon|has been criticized]] for customer data collection practices,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/30/amazons-facial-recognition-technology-is-supercharging-local-police/|title=Amazon's facial-recognition AI is supercharging police in Oregon.|last=Harwell|first=Drew|date=April 30, 2019|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=June 30, 2019}}</ref> a toxic work culture,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kantor |first1=Jodi |last2=Streitfeld |first2=David|author-link=Jodi Kantor|author-link2=David Streitfeld|title=Inside Amazon: Wrestling Big Ideas in a Bruising Workplace |work=The New York Times |date=August 15, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/technology/inside-amazon-wrestling-big-ideas-in-a-bruising-workplace.html |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> censorship,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sign.moveon.org/petitions/stop-amazoncom-censorship|title=Stop Amazon.com Censorship|author=Kevin Conner|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=[[MoveOn]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rubio.senate.gov/rubio-to-amazon-censorship-of-conservative-books-an-assault-on-free-speech/|title=Rubio, Colleagues to Amazon: Censorship of Conservative Books an Assault on Free Speech|date=2021-02-24|accessdate=2023-11-26|author=[[Marco Rubio]]|publisher=[[United States Senate]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heritage.org/press/heritage-responds-amazon-censoring-experts-book-black-lives-matter|title=Heritage Responds to Amazon Censoring Expert's Book on Black Lives Matter|date=2021-09-16|accessdate=2023-11-26|publisher=[[Heritage Foundation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/outcry-over-book-censorship-reveals-how-online-retailers-choose-books--or-dont/2021/04/21/258d37bc-a1fc-11eb-a7ee-949c574a09ac_story.html|title=Outcry over book censorship reveals how online retailers choose books or don't|date=2021-04-21|accessdate=2023-11-26|author=Ron Charles|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2021/03/12/amazon-responds-to-republican-sens-on-book-ban-says-wont-sell-books-that-frame-lgbtq-identities-as-mental-illness/?sh=107e88bd7400|title=Amazon Responds To Republican Sens. On Book Ban, Says Won't Sell Books That Frame LGBTQ+ Identities As Mental Illness|author=Siladitya Ray|date=2021-03-12|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> [[tax avoidance]],<ref name="fortune">{{cite web|last=Stampler|first=Laura|date=February 14, 2019|title=Amazon Will Pay a Whopping $0 in Federal Taxes on $11.2 Billion Profits|url=http://fortune.com/2019/02/14/amazon-doesnt-pay-federal-taxes-2019/|access-date=February 20, 2019|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| last=Huddleston | first=Tom Jr. |date=February 15, 2019|title=Amazon will pay $0 in federal taxes this year — and it's partially thanks to Trump|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/15/amazon-will-pay-0-in-federal-taxes-this-year.html|access-date=February 14, 2022|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> and [[anti-competitive practices|anti-competitive]] behavior.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Khan|first=Lina|date=January 2017|title=Amazon's Antitrust Paradox|url=https://www.yalelawjournal.org/note/amazons-antitrust-paradox|journal=Yale Law Journal|volume=126|issue=3|pages=564–907}}</ref><ref name="baum" />

== History ==
{{main|History of Amazon}}
=== 1994–2009: early years<!-- I'm making this arbitrary cutoff; please discuss on talk page since we ideally need consensus on which cutoff years to use --> ===
Amazon was founded on July 5, 1994, by [[Jeff Bezos]], who chose the [[Seattle]] area for its abundance of technical talent, as [[Microsoft]] was in the area.<ref>{{YouTube|id=f3NBQcAqyu4|t=223|title=The David Rubenstein Show: Jeff Bezos}}, Bloomberg Markets and Finance, September 19, 2018,</ref>

Amazon went [[public company|public]] in May 1997. It began selling music and videos in 1998, and began international operations by acquiring online sellers of books in the United Kingdom and Germany. In the subsequent year, it initiated the sale of a diverse range of products, including music, video games, consumer electronics, home improvement items, software, games, and toys.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Anders |first1=George |last2=Tessler |first2=Joelle |date=June 8, 1999 |title=Amazon.com Steps Into World Of Online, Downloadable Music |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB92877726979442347 |access-date=September 27, 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Anders |first=George |date=July 13, 1999 |title=Amazon.com Unveils Plans to Open Two More 'Stores' on Its Web Site |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB931823473942188601 |access-date=September 27, 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

In 2002, it launched [[Amazon Web Services]] (AWS), which initially focused on providing APIs for web developers to build [[web application]]s on top of Amazon's ecommerce platform.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=July 16, 2002 |title=Amazon.com Launches Web Services; Developers Can Now Incorporate Amazon.com Content and Features into Their Own Web Sites; Extends ''Welcome Mat'' for Developers |url=https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazoncom-launches-web-services |access-date=September 27, 2022 |publisher=Amazon.com Press Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=March 19, 2003 |title=Amazon.com Web Services Announces Trio of Milestones - New Tool Kit, Enhanced Web Site and 25,000 Developers in the Program |url=https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazoncom-web-services-announces-trio-milestones-new-tool-kit |access-date=September 27, 2022 |publisher=Amazon.com Press Center}}</ref> In 2004, AWS was expanded to provide website popularity statistics and web crawler data from the Alexa Web Information Service.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=October 4, 2004 |title=New Amazon Web Services Offerings Give Developers Unprecedented Access to Amazon Product Data and Technology, and First-Ever Access to Data Compiled by Alexa Internet |url=https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/new-amazon-web-services-offerings-give-developers-unprecedented |access-date=September 27, 2022 |publisher=Amazon.com Press Center}}</ref> AWS later shifted toward providing enterprise services with [[Simple Storage Service]] (S3) in 2006,<ref>{{Cite press release |date=March 14, 2006 |title=Amazon Web Services Launches |url=https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazon-web-services-launches-amazon-s3-simple-storage-service |access-date=September 27, 2022 |publisher=Amazon.com Press Center}}</ref> and [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud|Elastic Compute Cloud]] (EC2) in 2008,<ref>{{Cite press release |date=October 23, 2008 |title=Amazon Web Services Launches Amazon EC2 for Windows |url=https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazon-web-services-launches-amazon-ec2-windows |access-date=September 27, 2022 |publisher=Amazon.com Press Center |quote=Additionally, AWS today announced that Amazon EC2 is now Generally Available, having successfully exited its beta period and now offers a Service Level Agreement (SLA)}}</ref> allowing companies to rent data storage and computing power from Amazon. In 2006, Amazon also launched the'' Fulfillment by Amazon ''program, which allowed individuals and small companies (called "third-party sellers") to sell products through Amazon's warehouses and fulfillment infrastructure.<ref name=amazon-fulfill-press>{{Cite press release |date=September 19, 2006 |title=Amazon Launches New Services to Help Small and Medium-Sized Businesses Enhance Their Customer Offerings by Accessing Amazon's Order Fulfillment, Customer Service, and Website Functionality |url=https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazon-launches-new-services-help-small-and-medium-sized |access-date=September 27, 2022 |publisher=Amazon.com Press Center}}</ref>

=== 2010–present: growth<!-- should be expanded and talk about Amazon's growth --> ===
Amazon purchased the [[Whole Foods Market]] supermarket chain in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com - History & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Amazoncom |access-date=January 3, 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> It is the leading e-retailer in the United States with approximately US$178 billion [[net sales]] in 2017. It has over 300 million active customer accounts globally.<ref>{{Citation |last=Schmidt |first=Gordon B. |title=Amazon |date=2020 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483375519.n28 |encyclopedia=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society |access-date=May 1, 2023 |place=Thousand Oaks, California|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc. |language=en |doi=10.4135/9781483375519.n28 |isbn=978-1-4833-7551-9|s2cid=240656642 }}</ref>

Amazon saw large growth during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], hiring more than 100,000 staff in the United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite news |last=Otto |first=Ben |date=September 14, 2020 |title=Amazon to Hire 100,000 in U.S. and Canada |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-hire-100-000-in-u-s-and-canada-11600071208 |access-date=December 15, 2020}}</ref> Some Amazon workers in the US, France, and Italy protested the company's decision to "run normal shifts" due to COVID-19's ease of spread in warehouses.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=April 14, 2020 |title=Amazon hiring spree as orders surge under lockdown |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52276149 |access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref><ref name="FTMarch19">{{cite news |date=March 19, 2020 |title=Amazon workers protest over normal shifts despite Covid-19 cases |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/08395e49-0bb1-4f49-a6f5-c6639ce3d719 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/08395e49-0bb1-4f49-a6f5-c6639ce3d719 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> In Spain, the company faced legal complaints over its policies,<ref name="BBCMarch31">{{Cite news |date=March 31, 2020 |title=Amazon workers strike over virus protection |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52096273 |access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref> while a group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos expressing concerns about workplace safety.<ref name="TheVergeMarch31">{{cite web |last=Dzieza |first=Josh |date=March 30, 2020 |title=Amazon warehouse workers walk out in rising tide of COVID-19 protests |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/30/21199942/amazon-warehouse-coronavirus-covid-new-york-protest-walkout |access-date=March 31, 2020 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>

On February 2, 2021, Bezos announced that he would step down as CEO to become executive chair of Amazon's board. The transition officially took place on July 5, 2021, with former CEO of AWS [[Andy Jassy]] replacing him as CEO.<ref>{{cite web |agency=Associated Press |date=February 2, 2021 |title=Amazon founder Jeff Bezos will step down as CEO |url=https://fox8.com/news/amazon-founder-jeff-bezos-will-step-down-as-ceo/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208045855/https://fox8.com/news/amazon-founder-jeff-bezos-will-step-down-as-ceo/ |archive-date=February 8, 2021 |access-date=February 2, 2021 |website=[[Fox8]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Haselton|first=Todd|date=February 2, 2021|title=Jeff Bezos to step down as Amazon CEO, Andy Jassy to take over in Q3|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/02/jeff-bezos-to-step-down-as-amazon-ceo-andy-jassy-to-take-over-in-q3.html|access-date=February 2, 2021|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In January 2023, Amazon cut over 18,000 jobs, primarily in consumer retail and its human resources division in an attempt to cut costs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64171008 | title=Amazon to shed over 18,000 jobs as it cuts costs, CEO says | date=January 5, 2023 | publisher=BBC News |access-date=January 5, 2023}}</ref>

== Products and services ==
{{Main|List of Amazon products and services}}

=== Amazon.com <span class="anchor" id="Website"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ecommerce"></span> ===
{{Infobox website
| name = amazon.com
| logo = Amazon.com-Logo.svg
| logo_size = 
| logo_caption = Logo since January 2000
| screenshot = amazon.com screenshot.jpeg
| collapsible = yes
| collapsetext = Screenshot
| caption = Homepage
| url = {{URL|Amazon.com}} (original US site)
| commercial = Yes
| type = [[E-commerce]]
| registration = Optional
| language = {{hlist|Arabic|Chinese|Dutch|English|French|German|Hindi|Italian|Japanese|Polish|Portuguese|Spanish|Swedish|Turkish}}
| programming_language = [[C++]] and [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
| owner = Amazon
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1995}}
| current_status = Active
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html |title=The Programming Languages Beacon, v10.0 |first=Vincent |last=Lextrait |date=January 2010 |access-date=March 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530/http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html |archive-date=May 30, 2012 }}</ref>
}}

Amazon.com is an e-commerce platform that sells many product lines, including media ([[book]]s, movies, music, and software), apparel, baby products, [[consumer electronics]], [[Cosmetics|beauty products]], gourmet food, groceries, health and personal care products, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, [[jewelry]], watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, [[Sports equipment|sporting goods]], tools, automotive items, toys and games, and farm [[agrochemical|supplies]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Departments |url=https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=19097677011 |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=Amazon.com}}</ref> and [[agronomy|consulting services]].<ref name="Rai">{{cite news | access-date=September 20, 2022 | last=Rai | year=2021 | website=[[Bloomberg News]] | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-01/amazon-woos-farmers-to-help-unlock-world-s-no-2-farm-market | title=Amazon Tries to Crack India's Produce Market by Wooing Farmers}}<!--- Bloomberg changed title from Crop-related queries, mobile alerts — Amazon tries to tap India’s agri sector by wooing farmers ---></ref> Amazon websites are country-specific (for example, amazon.com for the US and amazon.fr for France), though some offer international shipping.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Jan 30, 2013 |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1562/0001193125-13-028520.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1562/0001193125-13-028520.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=February 26, 2013 |publisher=SEC database}}</ref>

Visits to ''amazon.com'' grew from 615&nbsp;million annual visitors in 2008,<ref>[http://siteanalytics.compete.com/amazon.com/ SnapShot of amazon.com, amazonellers.com, walmart.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516154151/http://siteanalytics.compete.com/amazon.com/ |date=May 16, 2010 }}. Retrieved April 12, 2008.</ref> to more than 2 billion per month in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Web visitor traffic to Amazon.com 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/623566/web-visits-to-amazoncom/ |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> The e-commerce platform is the 14th most visited website in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Websites Ranking |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=[[SimilarWeb]]}}</ref>

Results generated by Amazon's search engine are partly determined by promotional fees.<ref name="New Yorker">{{cite magazine |last=Packer |first=George |author-link=George Packer |date=February 17, 2014 |title=Cheap Words |url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2014/02/17/140217fa_fact_packer?currentPage=all |magazine=[[The New Yorker|newyorker.com]] |access-date=March 22, 2014}}</ref> The company's [[Internationalization and localization|localized]] storefronts, which differ in selection and prices, are differentiated by [[top-level domain]] and [[country code]]:
[[File:Amazon_Marketplaces_worldwide_in_2021.jpg|right|400x400px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! scope="col" | Region !! scope="col" | Country !! scope="col" | [[Domain name]] !! scope="col" | Since !! scope="col" style="width: 220px;" | Languages
!Notes
|-
! rowspan="1" {{rh2|align=right}} class="rh heading table-rh" | Africa
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Egypt}} || amazon[[.eg]] || {{sort|2021-09|September 2021}} || Arabic, English
| Formerly known as [[Souq.com]] Egypt
|-
! rowspan="4" {{rh2|align=right}} class="rh heading table-rh" | Americas
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Brazil}} || amazon.com[[.br]] || {{sort|2012-12|December 2012}} || Portuguese
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Canada}} || amazon[[.ca]] || {{sort|2002-06|June 2002}} || English, French
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Mexico}} || amazon.com[[.mx]] || {{sort|2013-08|August 2013}} || Spanish
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|United States}} || amazon[[.com]] || {{sort|1995-07|July 1995}} || English, Spanish, Arabic, German, Hebrew, Korean, Portuguese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional)
| International customers without a localized Amazon website may purchase eBooks from the [[Kindle Store]] on Amazon US.<ref name="buy-ebooks-on-amazon-us">{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.ae/How-to-buy-Kindle-eBooks/b?ie=UTF8&node=16043036031|title=Amazon.ae: Kindle Store|website=www.amazon.ae}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="7" {{rh2|align=right}} scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh" | Asia
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|China}} || amazon[[.cn]] || {{sort|2004-09|September 2004}} || Chinese (Simplified)
| Formerly known as [[Joyo.com]] CHN
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|India}} || amazon[[.in]] || {{sort|2013-06|June 2013}} || English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Marathi
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Japan}} || amazon.co[[.jp]] || {{sort|2000-11|November 2000}} || Japanese, English, Chinese (Simplified)
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Saudi Arabia}} || amazon[[.sa]] || {{sort|2020-06|June 2020}} || Arabic, English
| Formerly known as [[Souq.com]] KSA
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Singapore}} || amazon[[.sg]] || {{sort|2017-07|July 2017}} || English
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Turkey}} || amazon.com[[.tr]] || {{sort|2018-09|September 2018}} || Turkish
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|United Arab Emirates}} || amazon[[.ae]] || {{sort|2019-05|May 2019}} || Arabic, English
| Formerly known as [[Souq.com]] UAE
|-
! rowspan="9" {{rh2|align=right}} scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh" | Europe
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Belgium}} || amazon.com[[.be]] || {{sort|2022-10|October 2022}} || Dutch, French, English
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|France}} || amazon[[.fr]] || {{sort|2000-08|August 2000}} || French
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Germany}} || amazon[[.de]] || {{sort|1998-10|October 1998}} || German, English, Czech, Dutch, Polish, Turkish
| Also serves Austria,<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon's impact on Austria's society, sustainable development and economy|date=June 18, 2021|publisher=Amazon|url=https://www.aboutamazon.eu/news/job-creation-and-investment/amazons-impact-on-austrias-society-sustainable-development-and-economy}}</ref> Denmark<ref>{{cite web|title=About Deliveries to Denmark|publisher=Amazon.de|url=https://www.amazon.de/-/en/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=TcdmitiBTXgXUwqUJw|access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref> and Switzerland<ref>{{cite web|title=About Deliveries to Switzerland|publisher=Amazon.de|url=https://www.amazon.de/-/en/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201910940|access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Italy}} || amazon[[.it]] || {{sort|2010-11|November 2010}} || Italian
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Netherlands}} || amazon[[.nl]] || {{sort|2014-11|November 2014}} || Dutch, English
| Initially only books & e-books, full shop opened March 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecommercenews.nl/amazon-nl-officieel-van-start|title=(Dutch) Amazon.nl officieel van start|work=Ecommerce News Netherlands|date=March 10, 2020|access-date=November 29, 2021|quote=(Translated) Amazon has officially launched their Dutch (Netherlands) store front Amazon.nl. Instead of only books, e-books and e-readers the e-commerce-gigant now sells numerous products.}}</ref>
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Poland}} || amazon[[.pl]] || {{sort|2021-03|March 2021}} || Polish
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Spain}} || amazon[[.es]] || {{sort|2011-09|September 2011}} || Spanish, Portuguese
| Also serves Portugal<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Prime now available to customers in Portugal|date=May 25, 2021|publisher=aboutamazon.eu|url=https://www.aboutamazon.eu/news/press-lounge/amazon-prime-now-available-to-customers-in-portugal}}</ref>
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Sweden}} || amazon[[.se]] || {{sort|2020-10|October 2020}} || Swedish, English
| 
|-
| {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|United Kingdom}} || amazon.co[[.uk]] || {{sort|1998-10|October 1998}} || English
| Also serves Ireland<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon opens its first fulfilment centre in Ireland|date=September 8, 2022|publisher=Amazon|url=https://www.aboutamazon.eu/news/operations/amazon-opens-its-first-fulfilment-centre-in-ireland}}</ref>
|-
| {{rh2|align=right}} class="rh heading table-rh" | Oceania || {{rh|align=left}} class="table-rh" | {{small|Australia}} || amazon.com[[.au]] || {{sort|2017-11|November 2017}} || English
| Also serves New Zealand<ref>{{cite web|title=Customers in New Zealand can now shop from millions of products on Amazon.com.au|date=June 6, 2021|publisher=Amazon.com.au|url=https://amazonau.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/customers-new-zealand-can-now-shop-millions-products-amazoncomau}}</ref>
|}

==== Merchant partnerships ====
In 2000, US toy retailer [[Toys "R" Us]] entered into a 10-year agreement with Amazon, valued at $50&nbsp;million per year plus a cut of sales, under which Toys "R" Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service, and the chain's website would redirect to Amazon's Toys & Games category. In 2004, Toys "R" Us sued Amazon, claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys "R" Us stock, Amazon had knowingly allowed third-party sellers to offer items on the service in categories that Toys "R" Us had been granted exclusivity. In 2006, a court ruled in favor of Toys "R" Us, giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its independent e-commerce website. The company was later awarded $51 million in damages.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 18, 2017 |title=Toys R Us bankruptcy: A dot-com-era deal with Amazon marked the beginning of the end |url=https://qz.com/1080389/a-dot-com-era-deal-with-amazon-marked-the-beginning-of-the-end-for-toys-r-us/ |access-date=November 11, 2018 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=March 3, 2006 |title=Toys R Us wins Amazon lawsuit |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4769896.stm |access-date=December 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Metz |first=Rachel |date=June 12, 2009 |title=Amazon to pay Toys R Us $51M to settle suit |work=[[USA Today]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2009-06-12-amazon-toys_N.htm |access-date=December 1, 2012}}</ref>

In 2001, Amazon entered into a similar agreement with [[Borders Group]], under which Amazon would comanage Borders.com as a co-branded service.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 11, 2001 |title=Amazon/Borders form online partnership |url=https://money.cnn.com/2001/04/11/companies/amazon/index.htm |access-date=November 11, 2018 |website=CNN Money}}</ref> Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007, with plans to also launch its own online store.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 13, 2015 |title=How 'Amazon factor' killed retailers like Borders, Circuit City |work=SFGate |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/How-Amazon-factor-killed-retailers-like-6378619.php |access-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref>

On October 18, 2011, Amazon.com announced a partnership with [[DC Comics]] for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including ''[[Superman]]'', ''[[Batman]]'', ''[[Green Lantern]]'', ''[[The Sandman (Vertigo)|The Sandman]]'', and ''[[Watchmen]]''. The partnership has caused well-known bookstores like Barnes & Noble to remove these titles from their shelves.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Streitfeld |first=David |date=October 18, 2011 |title=Bookstores Drop Comics After Amazon Deal With DC |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/technology/bookstores-drop-comics-after-amazon-deal-with-dc.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=February 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018234650/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/technology/bookstores-drop-comics-after-amazon-deal-with-dc.html |archive-date=October 18, 2011 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In November 2013, Amazon announced a partnership with the [[United States Postal Service]] to begin delivering orders on Sundays. The service, included in Amazon's standard shipping rates, initiated in metropolitan areas of [[Los Angeles]] and [[New York, New York|New York]] because of the high-volume and inability to deliver in a timely way, with plans to expand into [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], [[Houston]], [[New Orleans]] and [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] by 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barr |first=Alistair |date=November 11, 2013 |title=Amazon starts Sunday delivery with US Postal Service |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/11/11/amazon-sunday-delivery-usps/3479055/ |access-date=November 25, 2013}}</ref>

In June 2017, [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] agreed to sell products through Amazon in exchange for better policing of counterfeit goods.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nike confirms 'pilot' partnership with Amazon |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/06/30/nike-amazon-confirmed/ |access-date=July 3, 2017 |website=Engadget|date=June 30, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="CNBC">{{cite web |last1=Cosgrove |first1=Elly |last2=Thomas |first2=Lauren |date=November 13, 2019 |title=Nike won't sell directly to Amazon anymore |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/13/nike-wont-sell-directly-to-amazon-anymore.html |website=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}</ref> This proved unsuccessful and Nike withdrew from the partnership in November 2019.<ref name="CNBC" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zimmerman |first1=Ben |title=Council Post: Why Nike Cut Ties With Amazon And What It Means For Other Retailers |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2020/01/22/why-nike-cut-ties-with-amazon-and-what-it-means-for-other-retailers/ |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Companies including [[IKEA]] and [[Birkenstock]] also stopped selling through Amazon around the same time, citing similar frustrations over business practices and counterfeit goods.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Muldowney |first1=Decca |date=August 23, 2021 |title=As demand for bikes surged, Amazon got in the way |url=https://www.theverge.com/22618306/pacific-northwest-components-bike-company-quit-amazon-support-indie-shops |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2017, Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US$&thinsp;104.44&thinsp;million ([[Indian rupee|₹]]759 [[crore]]) in financial year 2017–2018.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhumika |first=Khatri |date=September 27, 2018 |title=Amazon's JV Appario Retail Clocks In $104.4 Mn For FY18 |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/amazons-jv-appario-retail-clocks-in-104-4-mn-for-fy18/ |website=Inc42 Media}}</ref>

{{as of|2017|October|11|df=US}}, [[AmazonFresh]] sold a range of [[Booths Supermarkets|Booths]] branded products for home delivery in selected areas.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 11, 2017 |title=Booths teams up with Amazon to sell down South for the first time |newspaper=Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/10/11/booths-teams-amazon-sell-south-first-time/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/10/11/booths-teams-amazon-sell-south-first-time/ |archive-date=January 10, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In November 2018, Amazon reached an agreement with [[Apple Inc.]] to sell selected products through the service, via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers. As a result of this partnership, only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Amazon strikes deal with Apple to sell new iPhones and iPads |work=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/9/18079340/amazon-apple-iphone-ipad-watch-beats-deal-selling-products-online |access-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 10, 2018 |title=Apple pumps up its Amazon listings with iPhones, iPads and more |language=en |work=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-pumps-up-its-amazon-listings-with-iphones-ipads-and-more/ |access-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref>

==== Private-label products ====
{{Main|List of Amazon brands}}
Amazon sells many products under its [[Private label|own brand names]], including phone chargers, batteries, and diaper wipes. The AmazonBasics brand was introduced in 2009, and now features hundreds of product lines, including smartphone cases, computer mice, batteries, dumbbells, and dog crates. Amazon owned 34 private-label brands as of 2019. These brands account for 0.15% of Amazon's global sales, whereas the average for other large retailers is 18%.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dulaney |first=Chelsey |date=November 30, 1999 |title=Amazon's Private-Label Brands Could Deliver a $1 Billion Profit Boost |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazons-private-label-brands-could-deliver-a-1-billion-profit-boost-1507651025 |access-date=September 25, 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Other Amazon retail brands include Presto!, Mama Bear, and Amazon Essentials.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bensinger |first=Greg |date=May 15, 2016 |title=Amazon to Expand Private-Label Offerings—From Food to Diapers |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-expand-private-label-offeringsfrom-food-to-diapers-1463346316 |access-date=September 25, 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

==== Third-party sellers ====
Amazon derives many of its sales (around 40% in 2008) from third-party sellers who sell products on Amazon.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Enters the Cloud Computing Business |url=http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee204/Publications/Amazon-EE353-2008-1.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee204/Publications/Amazon-EE353-2008-1.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=May 29, 2013}}</ref> Some other large e-commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their websites. The sales are processed through Amazon.com and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers. Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at a fixed price.<ref>{{cite web |title=Help |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=743056 |access-date=December 16, 2011 |website=Amazon}}</ref>

==== Affiliate program ====
Publishers can signup as affiliates and receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 9, 2010 |title=Amazon.co.uk Associates: The web's most popular and successful Affiliate Program |url=http://affiliate-program.amazon.co.uk/gp/associates/join |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080826210540/http://affiliate-program.amazon.co.uk/gp/associates/join |archive-date=August 26, 2008 |access-date=August 29, 2010 |publisher=Affiliate-program.amazon.co.uk}}</ref> In the middle of 2014, the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1.2% of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after [[Google Ads]].<ref>{{cite web |date=July 22, 2014 |title=Usage of advertising networks for websites |url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/advertising/all |access-date=July 22, 2014 |publisher=W3Techs.com}}</ref> It is frequently used by websites and non-profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission.<ref>{{cite web |title=14 Easy Fundraising Ideas for Non-Profits |url=http://www.blisstree.com/2009/04/12/sex-relationships/14-easy-fundraising-ideas-for-non-profits/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222120701/http://www.blisstree.com/2009/04/12/sex-relationships/14-easy-fundraising-ideas-for-non-profits/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |access-date=November 24, 2014 |website=blisstree.com}}</ref>

Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the [[Amazon Web Services]] (AWS) [[XML]] service. A new affiliate product, aStore, allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website, or linked to another website. In June 2010, Amazon Seller Product Suggestions was launched to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third-party sellers to sell on Amazon. Products suggested are based on customers' browsing history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Seller Product Suggestions |url=http://www.amazonservices.com/content/product_alerts.htm?ld=AOguerillaPGJG |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205225641/http://www.amazonservices.com/content/product_alerts.htm?ld=AOguerillaPGJG |archive-date=December 5, 2010 |access-date=August 29, 2010 |publisher=Amazonservices.com}}</ref>

==== Product reviews ====
{{See also|Criticism of Amazon#Amazon reviews}}
Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must rate the product on a [[rating scale]] from one to five stars. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicates the real name of the reviewer (based on confirmation of a credit card account) or which indicates that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity. As of December 16, 2020, Amazon removed the ability of sellers and customers to comment on product reviews and purged their websites of all posted product review comments. In an email to sellers Amazon gave its rationale for removing this feature: "... ''the comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used''." The remaining review response options are to indicate whether the reader finds the review helpful or to report that it violates Amazon policies (abuse). If a review is given enough "helpful" hits, it appears on the front page of the product. In 2010, Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100503005110/en/2010-Social-Shopping-Study-Reveals-Consumers%E2%80%99-Online |title=2010 Social Shopping Study Reveals Changes in Consumers' Online Shopping Habits and Usage of Customer Reviews |work=the e-tailing group, PowerReviews |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |date=May 3, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2013}}</ref>

When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews, he defended the practice by claiming that Amazon.com was "taking a different approach ... we want to make every book available—the good, the bad and the ugly ... to let truth loose".<ref>{{cite book |author=Spector, Robert |title=Amazon.com |year=2002 |page=132}}</ref>

There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by [[public relations]] companies on behalf of their clients<ref>{{cite web |date=May 25, 2010 |title=BEACON SPOTLIGHT: Amazon.com rave book reviews – too good to be true? |url=http://www.cincinnatibeacon.com/index.php?/contents/comments/amazon.com_rave_book_reviews_too_good_to_be_true |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502004404/http://www.cincinnatibeacon.com/index.php?%2Fcontents%2Fcomments%2Famazon.com_rave_book_reviews_too_good_to_be_true |archive-date=May 2, 2014 |access-date=January 31, 2013 |work=The Cincinnati Beacon}}</ref> and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals' works.

==== Amazon sales rank ====
The Amazon sales rank (ASR) indicates the popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale. It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly. Effectively, it is a "best sellers list" for the millions of products stocked by Amazon.<ref name="amazon">{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=14101911 |title=Amazon FAQ |website=Amazon |access-date=September 5, 2011}}</ref> While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product, it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists.<ref name="amazon" /> Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on the Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales. In particular, products that experience large jumps (up or down) in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon's lists of "movers and shakers"; such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/movers-and-shakers |title=Amazon.com Movers and shakers |website=Amazon |access-date=September 5, 2011}}</ref> For competitive reasons, Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public. However, Amazon has now begun to release [[point of sale]] data via the [[Nielsen BookScan]] service to verified authors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://authorcentral.amazon.com/gp/help?topicID=200580390 |title=Amazon.com Author Central |access-date=September 5, 2011}}</ref> While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers, manufacturers, and marketers, Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm. Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR,<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Sales Estimator |publisher=Jungle Scout |url=http://www.junglescout.com/estimator/ |date=May 15, 2017}}</ref> though Amazon states:

{{blockquote|text=Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be a guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers—we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources|sign=Amazon.com Help<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=14101911 |title=Frequently Asked Questions about Amazon.com |website=Amazon |access-date=September 6, 2012}}</ref>}}

=== Physical stores ===
In November 2015, Amazon opened a physical Amazon Books store in [[University Village, Seattle|University Village]] in [[Seattle]]. The store is 5,500 square feet and prices for all products match those on its website.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-plans-hundreds-of-brick-and-mortar-bookstores-mall-ceo-says-1454449475|title=Amazon Plans Hundreds of Brick-and-Mortar Bookstores, Mall CEO Says|last=Bensinger|first=Greg|date=February 2, 2016|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=February 20, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> 

In July 2016, the company announced that it was opening a {{cvt|1,100,000|ft|m|1}} square foot facility in [[Palmer Township, Pennsylvania|Palmer Township]] in the [[Lehigh Valley]] region of eastern [[Pennsylvania]]. As of 2024, Amazon is Lehigh Valley region's third-largest employer.<ref>[https://www.lehighvalley.org/amazon-opening-new-lehigh-valley-facility-creating-over-500-new-jobs/ "Amazon opening new Lehigh Valley facility, creating over 500 new jobs"], Lehigh Valley Economic Development</ref><ref>[https://www.lehighvalley.org/about-lehigh-valley/lehigh-valley-s-largest-private-sector-employers/ "Lehigh Valley's Largest Private-Sector Employers"], Lehigh Valley Economic Development</ref>

Amazon opened its tenth physical book store in 2017;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recode.net/2017/3/8/14850324/amazon-books-store-bellevue-mall-expansion |title=Amazon just confirmed its tenth book store, signaling this is way more than an experiment |first=Jason Del |last=Rey |date=March 8, 2017 |website=Recode}}</ref> media speculation suggests that Amazon plans to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country.<ref name=":1" />

In June 2018, it was reported that Amazon planned to open brick and mortar bookstores in [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.faz.net/1.5347928 |title=Einzelhandel: Amazon plant Offline-Filialen in Deutschland |access-date=June 4, 2018 |newspaper=Faz.net}}</ref>

In August 2019, Amazon applied to have a liquor store in [[San Francisco]], as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city.<ref>{{cite web |last=Leskin |first=Paige |title=Amazon is looking to open a brick-and-mortar liquor store in San Francisco |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-liquor-license-storefront-san-francisco-2019-8 |access-date=August 29, 2019 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>

In 2020, [[Amazon Fresh]] opened several physical stores in the U.S. and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soper |first=Taylor |date=August 27, 2020 |title=Amazon opens first Fresh grocery store, debuts high-tech shopping cart in retail expansion |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2020/amazon-opens-first-grocery-store-debuts-high-tech-shopping-cart-expands-retail-footprint/ |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Hardware and services ===
Amazon has a number of products and services available, including its digital assistant [[Amazon Alexa|Alexa]], [[Amazon Music]], and [[Amazon Prime Video|Prime Video]] for music and videos respectively, the [[Amazon Appstore]] for Android apps, the [[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]] line of [[eink]] e-readers, [[Amazon Fire|Fire]] and [[Fire HD]] color [[LCD]] tablets. [[Audible (service)|Audible]] provides audiobooks for purchase and listening.

In September 2021, Amazon announced the launch of [[Amazon Astro|Astro]], its first household robot, powered by its Alexa smart home technology. This can be remote-controlled when not at home, to check on pets, people, or home security. It will send owners a notification if it detects something unusual.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Molloy |first1=David |date=September 28, 2021 |title=Amazon announces Astro the home robot |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-58727057 |access-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref>

In January 2023, Amazon announced the launch of RXPass, a prescription drug delivery service. It allows U.S. Amazon Prime members to pay a $5 monthly fee for access to 60 medications. The service was launched immediately after the announcement except in states with specific prescription delivery requirements. Beneficiaries of government healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid will not be able to sign up for RXPass.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meyersohn |first=Nathaniel |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Amazon launches $5-a-month unlimited prescription plan {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/24/business/amazon-prescription-drugs-rxpass/index.html |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

=== Subsidiaries ===
{{See also|List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon}}
Amazon owns over 100 subsidiaries, including [[Amazon Web Services]], [[Audible (store)|Audible]], Diapers.com, [[Goodreads]], [[IMDb]], Kiva Systems (now [[Amazon Robotics]]), [[Shopbop]], Teachstreet, [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]], [[Zappos]], and [[Zoox (company)|Zoox]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.jobs/team-category/subsidiaries|title=Amazon Jobs – Work for a Subsidiary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801055637/http://www.amazon.jobs/team-category/subsidiaries|archive-date=August 1, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref>

====Amazon Web Services====
{{main|Amazon Web Services}}

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of that provides [[Software as a service|on-demand]] [[cloud computing]] [[computing platform|platform]]s and [[Application programming interface|APIs]] to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computing [[web services]] provide [[distributed computing]] processing capacity and software tools via AWS [[server farms]]. As of 2021 Q4, AWS has 33% market share for cloud infrastructure while the next two competitors [[Microsoft Azure]] and [[Google Cloud Platform|Google Cloud]] have 21%, and 10% respectively, according to Synergy Group.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Joe|last=Panettieri |date=August 3, 2020|title=Cloud Market Share 2020: Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google, IBM|url=https://www.channele2e.com/channel-partners/csps/cloud-market-share-2020-amazon-aws-microsoft-azure-google-ibm/|access-date=October 12, 2020|website=ChannelE2E|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Infographic: Amazon Leads $100 Billion Cloud Market|url=https://www.statista.com/chart/18819/worldwide-market-share-of-leading-cloud-infrastructure-service-providers/|access-date=October 12, 2020|website=Statista Infographics|language=en}}</ref>

==== Audible ====
{{Main|Audible (service)}}
Audible is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment, information, and educational programming on the Internet. Audible sells digital [[audiobooks]], radio and television programs, and audio versions of magazines and newspapers. Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks. On January 31, 2008, Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about $300&nbsp;million. The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sayer, Peter |date=January 31, 2008 |title=Amazon buys Audible for US$300 million |work=PC World |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/31/AR2008013101662.html}}</ref>

====Goodreads====
{{Main|Goodreads}}

[[Goodreads]] is a "[[social cataloging]]" website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler, a software engineer, and entrepreneur, and Elizabeth Khuri. The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads' extensive user-populated database of books, annotations, and reviews. Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists. They can also create their groups of book suggestions and discussions. In December 2007, the site had over 650,000 members, and over a million books had been added. Amazon bought the company in March 2013.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Kaufman |first=Leslie |date=March 28, 2013 |title=Amazon to Buy Social Site Dedicated to Sharing Books |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/29/business/media/amazon-to-buy-goodreads.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=February 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329013203/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/29/business/media/amazon-to-buy-goodreads.html |archive-date=March 29, 2013 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

====Ring====
{{main|Ring (company)}}

Ring is a [[home automation]] company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013. It is primarily known for its WiFi powered [[smart doorbell]]s, but manufactures other devices such as security cameras. Amazon bought Ring for US$1&nbsp;billion in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last=Montag |first=Ali |date=February 27, 2018 |title=Amazon buys Ring, a former 'Shark Tank' reject |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/27/amazon-buys-ring-a-former-shark-tank-reject.html |access-date=February 20, 2019 |website=CNBC}}</ref>

====Twitch====
{{main|Twitch (service)}}

[[File:E3 – 2014 (23113432796).jpg|thumb|[[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] at the [[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]]]

[[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] is a [[live streaming]] platform for video, primarily oriented towards video gaming content. Twitch was acquired by Amazon in August 2014 for $970&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web |last=Welch |first=Chris |date=August 25, 2014 |title=Amazon, not Google, is buying Twitch for $970 million |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/8/25/6066295/amazon-reportedly-buying-twitch-for-over-1-billion |access-date=August 8, 2017 |website=The Verge}}</ref> The site's rapid growth had been boosted primarily by the prominence of major [[esports]] competitions on the service, leading [[GameSpot]] senior esports editor Rod Breslau to have described the service as "the [[ESPN]] of esports".<ref>{{cite web |last=Popper |first=Ben |date=September 30, 2013 |title=Field of streams: how Twitch made video games a spectator sport |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/30/4719766/twitch-raises-20-million-esports-market-booming |access-date=August 8, 2017 |website=The Verge}}</ref> {{as of|2015}}, the service had over 1.5&nbsp;million broadcasters and 100&nbsp;million monthly viewers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Needleman |first=Sarah E. |date=January 29, 2015 |title=Twitch's Viewers Reach 100 Million a Month |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2015/01/29/twitchs-viewers-reach-100-million-a-month/ |access-date=February 20, 2019 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref>

====Whole Foods Market====
[[File:Whole Foods Market Cranbrook Village Ann Arbor Michigan.JPG|thumb|[[Whole Foods Market]] store in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]], Michigan]]

[[Whole Foods Market]] is an American [[supermarket]] [[chain store|chain]] exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=<!--undated--> |title=Quality Standards |url=http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/quality-standards |publisher=Whole Foods Market}}</ref> Amazon acquired Whole Foods for $13.7 billion in August 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kelleher |first=Kevin |date=August 28, 2017 |title=Amazon closes Whole Foods acquisition. Here's what's next |work=[[VentureBeat]] |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/08/28/amazon-closes-whole-foods-acquisition-heres-whats-next/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Lauren |date=August 24, 2017 |title=Amazon says Whole Foods deal will close Monday, with discounts to begin then |work=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/24/amazon-says-whole-foods-deal-will-close-monday-prime-customers-to-immediately-get-discounts.html}}</ref><ref name="wf" />

==== Other ====
Other Amazon subsidiaries include:

* '''[[A9.com]]''', a company focused on researching and building innovative technology; it has been a subsidiary since 2003.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://blogs.pcworld.com/techlog/archives/002876.html|title=Amazon's A9 Search as We Knew It: Dead!|last=McCracken|first=Harry|date=September 29, 2006|magazine=[[PC World]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716052029/http://blogs.pcworld.com/techlog/archives/002876.html|archive-date=July 16, 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=September 6, 2012}}</ref> 
* '''Amazon Maritime''', Inc. holds a [[Federal Maritime Commission]] license to operate as a [[NVOCC|non-vessel-owning common carrier]] (NVOCC), which enables the company to manage its shipments from China into the United States.<ref>Steele, B., [https://www.engadget.com/2017/01/26/amazon-shipping-ocean-freight/ Amazon is now managing its own ocean freight], [[engadget.com]], January 27, 2017, accessed January 29, 2017</ref>
* '''[[Amazon Pharmacy]]''' is an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs, launched in November 2020. The service provides discounts up to 80% for generic drugs and up to 40% for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users. The products can be purchased on the company's website or at over 50,000 bricks-and-mortar pharmacies in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |author=Harry Dempsey |date=November 17, 2020 |title=Amazon launches online pharmacy in challenge to traditional retailers |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f45c4956-108f-4b69-b115-c73cfc55f0e3 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/f45c4956-108f-4b69-b115-c73cfc55f0e3 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 17, 2020}}</ref>
* '''[[Annapurna Labs]]''', an Israel-based microelectronics company reputedly for US$350–370M acquired by [[Amazon Web Services]] in January 2015 .<ref name="reut_Amaz">{{cite news |date=January 22, 2015 |title=Amazon to buy Israeli start-up Annapurna Labs |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-annapurna-m-a-amazon-com-idUSKBN0KV0SG20150122 |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915065319/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/22/us-annapurna-m-a-amazon-com-idUSKBN0KV0SG20150122 |archive-date=September 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name="extr_Amaz">{{cite news |title=Amazon buys secretive chip maker Annapurna Labs for $350 million |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/198140-amazon-buys-secretive-chip-maker-annapurna-labs-for-350-million |access-date=January 24, 2015 |work=ExtremeTech|date=January 23, 2015 |last1=Whitwam |first1=Ryan }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hirschauge |first=Orr |date=January 22, 2015 |title=Amazon to Acquire Israeli Chip Maker Annapurna Labs |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/amazon-in-advanced-talks-to-buy-israels-annapurna-labs-1421936575 |access-date=October 20, 2020 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
* '''Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services''', which applied for a [[Freight forwarder|freight forwarding]] license with the [[Federal Maritime Commission|US Maritime Commission]]. Amazon is also building out its logistics in [[Trucking industry in the United States|trucking]] and [[air freight]] to potentially compete with [[United Parcel Service|UPS]] and [[FedEx]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/29/is-logistics-about-to-get-amazoned/ |title=Is Logistics About To Get Amazon'ed? |date=January 29, 2016 |publisher=AOL |work=TechCrunch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2016/01/14/amazon-china-earns-its-ocean-shipping-license/ |title=Amazon China Has Its Ocean Shipping License – Fortune |author=David Z. Morris |date=January 14, 2016 |work=Fortune}}</ref>
* '''Brilliance Audio''', an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in [[Grand Haven, Michigan|Grand Haven]], Michigan.<ref name="brilliance">{{cite web |url=http://www.brillianceaudio.com/company_overview |title=Company Overview |publisher=Brilliance Audio |access-date=February 14, 2014 |archive-date=February 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209063325/http://brillianceaudio.com/company_overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company produced its first eight audio titles in 1985.<ref name="brilliance" /> The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/Amazon_com-Acquires-Brilliance-Audio-1358 |title=amazon.com Acquires Brilliance Audio |work=Taume News |date=May 27, 2007 |access-date=May 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704192411/http://news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/Amazon_com-Acquires-Brilliance-Audio-1358 |archive-date=July 4, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="gigaom">{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/2007/05/23/419-amazon-acquires-audiobook-indie-brilliance-audio/ |title=Amazon Acquires Audiobook Indie Brilliance Audio |work=Gigaom |author=Staci D. Kramer |date=May 23, 2007 |access-date=February 14, 2014 |archive-date=February 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222182233/http://gigaom.com/2007/05/23/419-amazon-acquires-audiobook-indie-brilliance-audio/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the time of the acquisition, Brilliance was producing 12–15 new titles a month.<ref name="gigaom" /> It operates as an independent company within Amazon. In 1984, Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette.<ref name="blake">{{cite book |title=Information Literacies for the Twenty-First Century |chapter=Something New Has Been Added: Aural Literacy and Libraries |publisher=G. K. Hall & Co. |author=Virgil L. P. Blake |year=1990 |pages=203–218}}</ref> The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.<ref name="blake" /> It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid-1980s since it made unabridged books affordable.<ref name="blake" />
* '''[[ComiXology]]''', a [[Cloud computing|cloud]]-based digital comics platform with over 200&nbsp;million comic downloads {{as of|2013|September|lc=y}}. It offers a selection of more than 40,000 comic books and graphic novels across Android, iOS, Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser. Amazon bought the company in April 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amazon Buys ComiXology, Takes Over Digital Leadership |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-11/amazon-buys-comixology-takes-over-digital-leadership-of-comic-book-world |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411202203/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-11/amazon-buys-comixology-takes-over-digital-leadership-of-comic-book-world |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 11, 2014 |author=Stone, Brad |date=April 11, 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[CreateSpace]]''', which offers self-publishing services for independent content creators, publishers, film studios, and music labels, became a subsidiary in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.createspace.com/|title=Independent Publishing with CreateSpace|website=CreateSpace: An Amazon Company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126161130/https://www.createspace.com/|archive-date=November 26, 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.createspace.com/AboutUs.jsp|title=About CreateSpace : History|website=CreateSpace: An Amazon Company|access-date=January 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706210134/https://www.createspace.com/AboutUs.jsp|archive-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref>
* '''Eero''', an electronics company specializing in mesh-networking Wifi devices founded as a startup in 2014 by Nick Weaver, Amos Schallich, and Nate Hardison to simplify and innovate the smart home.<ref>{{cite news|work=CNBC Tech|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/11/amazon-is-acquiring-home-wifi-start-up-eero.html|title=Amazon is acquiring home Wi-Fi start-up Eero|author=Novet, Jordan|date=February 11, 2019}}</ref> Eero was acquired by Amazon in 2019 for US$97&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|title=How Amazon's $97 million Eero acquisition screwed employees and minted millionaires|work=Mashable|url=https://mashable.com/article/amazon-eero-wifi-router-sale|author=Kraus, Rachel|date=April 5, 2019}}</ref> Eero has continued to operate under its banner and advertises its commitment to privacy despite early concerns from the company's acquisition.<ref>{{cite news|title=What Amazon's purchase of Eero means for your privacy|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/12/amazon-eero-privacy|author=Whittaker, Zack| date=February 12, 2019}}</ref>
* '''Health Navigator''' is a startup developing [[Application programming interface|APIs]] for online health services acquired in October 2019. The startup will form part of Amazon Care, which is the company's employee healthcare service. This follows the 2018 purchase of [[PillPack]] for under $1&nbsp;billion, which has also been included into Amazon Care.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shu |first1=Catherine |title=Amazon acquires Health Navigator for Amazon Care, its pilot employee healthcare program |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/10/23/amazon-acquires-health-navigator-for-amazon-care-its-pilot-employee-healthcare-program/ |website=Tech Crunch |date=October 24, 2019 |access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref>
* '''Junglee''', a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India. Junglee started as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications. As it progressed, Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase. Web shoppers could locate, compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980814/22650774.html |title=Junglee boys strike gold on the net |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217162934/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980814/22650774.html |archive-date=December 17, 2013 }}</ref> Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998, and the website Junglee.com was launched in India in February 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/amazon-india-launch-idINDEE81108G20120202 |title=Amazon Launches Online Shopping Service In India |publisher=reuters.com |date=February 2, 2012 |access-date=July 5, 2021 |archive-date=August 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802064803/https://in.reuters.com/article/amazon-india-launch-idINDEE81108G20120202 |url-status=dead }}</ref> as a comparison-shopping website. It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing, electronics, toys, jewelry, and video games, among others, across thousands of online and offline sellers. Millions of products are browsable, the client selects a price, and then they are directed to a seller. In November 2017, Amazon closed down Junglee.com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon brings the curtains down on Junglee.com, finally |url=https://www.vccircle.com/amazon-brings-the-curtains-down-on-junglee-com-finally/ |website=vccircle.com |access-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref>
* '''[[Kuiper Systems]]''', a subsidiary of Amazon, set up to deploy a [[broadband]] [[satellite internet constellation]] with an announced 3,236 [[Low Earth orbit]] [[satellite]]s to provide satellite based Internet connectivity.<ref name="cnbc20190404">{{cite news |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=April 4, 2019 |title=Amazon wants to launch thousands of satellites so it can offer broadband internet from space |work=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/04/amazon-project-kuiper-broadband-internet-small-satellite-network.html |access-date=April 4, 2019}}</ref><ref name="sn20190404">{{cite news |last=Henry |first=Caleb |date=April 4, 2019 |title=Amazon planning 3,236-satellite constellation for internet connectivity |work=[[SpaceNews]] |url=https://spacenews.com/amazon-planning-3236-satellite-constellation-for-internet-connectivity/ |access-date=April 5, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ars20190708">
{{cite news |last=Brodkin |first=Jon |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Amazon plans nationwide broadband—with both home and mobile service |work=ars Technica |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/07/amazon-follows-spacex-into-satellite-broadband-asks-fcc-to-ok-launch-plan/ |access-date=July 9, 2019 |quote=''Kuiper is wholly owned by Amazon, and its president is Rajeev Badyal, a former SpaceX vice president who was reportedly fired because SpaceX CEO Elon Musk was unsatisfied with his company's satellite-broadband progress.''}}</ref>
* '''[[Amazon Lab126|Lab126]]''', developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the [[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]], became a subsidiary in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/09/19/amazon-research-unit-lab-126-agrees-to-big-lease-that-could-bring-sunnyvale-2600-new-workers/|title=Amazon research unit Lab 126 agrees to big lease that could bring Sunnyvale 2,600 new workers|last=Avalos|first=George|date=September 19, 2012|work=The Mercury News|access-date=February 20, 2019}}</ref>
* '''Shelfari''', a former [[social cataloging]] website for books. Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate, review, [[tag (metadata)|tag]] and discuss their books. Users could also create groups that other members could join, create discussions and talk about books, or other topics. Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read. Amazon bought the company in August 2008.<ref name=":0" /> Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016, when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with [[Goodreads]] and closing down Shelfari.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thereadersroom.org/2016/01/12/amazon-kills-shelfari/|title=Amazon Kills Shelfari|date=January 13, 2016|website=The Reader's Room|language=en|access-date=February 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thebookmarketingnetwork.com/profiles/blogs/shelfari-is-closing-but-you-can-merge-your-account-with-goodreads |title=Shelfari Is Closing! BUT, You Can Merge Your Account with Goodreads! |author=Holiday, J.D. |date=January 13, 2016 |website=The Book Marketing Network |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206034116/http://thebookmarketingnetwork.com/profiles/blogs/shelfari-is-closing-but-you-can-merge-your-account-with-goodreads |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''[[Souq (company)|Souq]]''', the former largest [[e-commerce]] platform in the [[Arab world]]. The company launched in 2005 in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] and served multiple areas across the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/28/amazon-to-acquire-souqcom-a-large-e-commerce-site-in-the-middle-east.html|title=Amazon reaches deal to acquire Middle East e-commerce site Souq.com|publisher=CNBC|date=March 28, 2017}}</ref> On March 28, 2017, Amazon acquired Souq.com for $580&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872417000051/amzn-20170331x10q.htm|title=Document|website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> The company was re-branded as Amazon and its infrastructure was used to expand Amazon's online platform in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/30/amazon-rebrands-souq-launches-new-middle-east-marketplace.html|title=Amazon launches new Middle East marketplace, and rebrands Souq, the company it bought for $580 million in 2017|publisher=CNBC|date=April 30, 2019}}</ref>

Amazon also has investments in renewable energy and plans to expand its position into the Canadian market through an investment in a new plant in Alberta.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon unveils plan for a major solar power project in southern Alberta|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-amazon-solar-energy-power-renewable-newell-county-1.5993225}}</ref>

== Operations ==
{{See also|List of Amazon locations}}

=== Logistics ===
[[File:Amazon Logistics, Borgstedt (APC 0067).jpg|thumb|Amazon Transportation Services truck at an Amazon Logistics delivery station]]
Amazon uses many different transportation services to deliver packages. Amazon-branded services include:
* [[Amazon Air]], a cargo airline for bulk transport, with last-mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex, Amazon Logistics, or the US Postal Service.
[[File:Amazon delivery station.jpg|thumb|Amazon delivery station in [[La Crosse County, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] by the [[La Crosse Regional Airport|La Crosse airport]]]]
* [[Amazon Flex]], a [[smartphone app]] that enables individuals to act as independent contractors, delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms. Deliveries include one or two hours [[Prime Now]], same or next day [[Amazon Fresh]] groceries, and standard Amazon.com orders, in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://flex.amazon.com/faq |access-date=December 31, 2020 |title=Frequently asked questions about Amazon Flex}}</ref>
* [[Amazon Logistics]], in which Amazon contracts with small businesses (which it calls "Delivery Service Partners") to perform deliveries to customers. Each business has a fleet of approximately 20–40 Amazon-branded vans, and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms. As of December 2020, it operates in the United States, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://logistics.amazon.com/marketing/faq |access-date=December 31, 2020 |title=Amazon Logistics / Frequently Asked Questions}}</ref>
* [[Amazon Prime Air]] is an experimental drone delivery service that delivers packages via drones to Amazon Prime subscribers in select cities.

Amazon directly employs people to work at its warehouses, bulk distribution centers, staffed "[[Amazon Hub]] Locker+" locations, and delivery stations where drivers pick up packages. As of December 2020, it is not hiring delivery drivers as employees.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=December 31, 2020 |url=https://www.amazon.jobs/en/search-jobcategory |title=Find jobs by job category}}</ref>

[[Rakuten Intelligence]] estimated that in 2020 in the United States, the proportion of last-mile deliveries was 56% by Amazon's directly contracted services (mostly in urban areas), 30% by the [[US Postal Service]] (mostly in rural areas), and 14% by [[United Parcel Service|UPS]].<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/10/14/amazon-prime-day-usps-ballots/ Prime Day, early holiday sales create new potential for USPS ballot delivery tie-ups]</ref> In April 2021, Amazon reported to investors it had increased its in-house delivery capacity by 50% in the last 12 months (which included the first year of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=Amazon is spending big to take on UPS and FedEx |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/30/amazon-is-spending-big-to-take-on-ups-and-fedex.html |date=April 30, 2021 |author=Annie Palmer}}</ref>

=== Supply chain ===
Amazon first launched its distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment centers in Seattle and [[New Castle, Delaware|New Castle]], Delaware. Amazon has several types of distribution facilities consisting of cross-dock centers, fulfillment centers, sortation centers, delivery stations, Prime now hubs, and Prime air hubs. There are 75 fulfillment centers and 25 sortation centers with over 125,000 employees.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Routley |first1=Nick |title=Amazon's Massive Distribution Network in One Giant Visualization |url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/footprint-all-amazons-warehouses/ |access-date=July 7, 2019|date=September 8, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=9 facts about Amazon's unprecedented warehouse empire |url=https://www.curbed.com/2017/11/21/16686150/black-friday-2018-amazon-warehouse-fulfillment |access-date=July 7, 2019|date=November 21, 2017 }}</ref> Employees are responsible for five basic tasks: unpacking and inspecting incoming goods; placing goods in storage and recording their location; picking goods from their computer recorded locations to make up an individual shipment; sorting and packing orders; and shipping. A computer that records the location of goods and maps out routes for pickers plays a key role: employees carry hand-held computers which communicate with the central computer and monitor their rate of progress. Some warehouses are partially automated with systems built by [[Amazon Robotics]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Amazon announces 2 new ways it's using robots to assist employees and deliver for customers |url=https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/operations/amazon-introduces-new-robotics-solutions |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=US About Amazon |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2006, Amazon launched a program called FBA (Fulfillment By Amazon) whereby it could handle storage, packing and distribution of products and services for small sellers.<ref name=amazon-fulfill-press />

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Lauwin-Planque - Lauwin-Park (02).JPG|Amazon.fr fulfillment center in [[Lauwin-Planque]], France
File:Amazon España por dentro (San Fernando de Henares).JPG|Amazon.es fulfillment center in [[San Fernando de Henares]], Spain
File:Amazon warehouse Glenrothes.jpg|Amazon.co.uk fulfillment center in [[Glenrothes]], Scotland, UK
File:Amazon.de 1204 - panoramio.jpg|Amazon.de fulfillment center in [[Graben, Bavaria|Graben]], Germany
File:AmazonIchikawaFC (78316917).jpg|Amazon.co.jp fulfillment center in [[Ichikawa, Chiba|Ichikawa]], Japan
File:Amazon fulfillment center, Macon.jpg|Amazon fulfillment center in [[Macon, Georgia|Macon]], Georgia, US
</gallery>

== Corporate affairs ==
=== Board of directors ===
[[File:Jeff Bezos 2016.jpg|thumb|upright|Amazon founder [[Jeff Bezos]] in 2016]]

{{As of|2022|June|df=US}}, Amazon's board of directors were:<ref>{{cite web |title=Officers & Directors |url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/board-of-directors|website=Amazon |access-date=July 2, 2022}}</ref>
* [[Jeff Bezos]], executive chairman, Amazon.com, Inc.
* [[Andy Jassy]], president and CEO, Amazon.com, Inc.
* [[Keith B. Alexander]], CEO of IronNet Cybersecurity, former [[Director of the National Security Agency|NSA director]]
* Edith W. Cooper, co-founder of Medley and former EVP of [[Goldman Sachs]]
* [[Jamie Gorelick]], partner, [[Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr]]
* [[Daniel P. Huttenlocher]], [[Dean (education)|dean]] of the Schwarzman College of Computing, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
* [[Judy McGrath]], former CEO, [[MTV Networks]]
* [[Indra Nooyi]], former CEO, [[PepsiCo]]
* [[Jon Rubinstein]], former chairman and CEO, [[Palm, Inc.]]
* [[Patty Stonesifer]], president and CEO, [[Martha's Table]]
* [[Wendell P. Weeks]], chairman, president and CEO, [[Corning Inc.]]

=== Finances ===
Amazon.com is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model; Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marketingteacher.com/swot/amazon-swot.html |title=SWOT Analysis Amazon |access-date=December 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203164606/http://www.marketingteacher.com/swot/amazon-swot.html |archive-date=December 3, 2011 }}</ref> {{as of|2018}}, Amazon.com is ranked eighth on the [[Fortune 500]] rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |title=Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List |website=Fortune |language=en-US |access-date=November 9, 2018 |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110190356/http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

For the fiscal year 2021, Amazon reported earnings of US$33.36&nbsp;billion, with an annual revenue of US$469.82&nbsp;billion, an increase of 21.7% over the previous fiscal cycle. Since 2007 sales increased from 14.835&nbsp;billion to 469.822&nbsp;billion, due to continued business expansion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/266282/annual-net-revenue-of-amazoncom/ |title=Amazon: annual revenue 2017|website=Statista |language=en |access-date=November 7, 2018}}</ref>

Amazon's market capitalization went over US$1&nbsp;trillion again in early February 2020 after the announcement of the fourth quarter 2019 results.<ref name="4Q 2020">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/technology/amazon-earningts.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130220018/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/technology/amazon-earningts.html |archive-date=January 30, 2020 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=Amazon Powers Ahead With Robust Profit|date=January 30, 2020 |last=Streitfeld |first=David |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!Year
!Revenue<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/amzn/revenue-eps |title=Amazon.com, Inc. Common Stock (AMZN) |website=[[Nasdaq]]}}</ref><br />in mil. US$
!Net income<br />in mil. US$
!Total Assets<br />in mil. US$
!Employees
|-
|align=left|1995<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |url=https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0001018724/566f6509-4b15-4cd4-929a-1cba79f822b2.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0001018724/566f6509-4b15-4cd4-929a-1cba79f822b2.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |title=1997 Annual Report|website=Amazon 1997 10K |access-date=May 17, 2022}}</ref>
|0.5
|−0.3
|1.1
|
|-
|align=left|1996<ref name="auto3"/>
|16
|−6
|8
|
|-
|align=left|1997<ref name="auto3"/>
|148
|−28
|149
|614
|-
|align=left|1998<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=2002 Amazon 10K |url=https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0001018724/fae0d139-777f-489f-8e63-c97285413f9d.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0001018724/fae0d139-777f-489f-8e63-c97285413f9d.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=May 17, 2022}}</ref>
|610
|−124
|648
|2,100
|-
|align=left|1999<ref name="auto2"/>
|1,639
|−720
|2,466
|7,600
|-
|align=left|2000<ref name="auto2"/>
|2,761
|−1,411
|2,135
|9,000
|-
|align=left|2001<ref name="auto2"/>
|3,122
|−567
|1,638
|7,800
|-
|align=left|2002<ref name="auto2"/>
|3,932
|−149
|1,990
|7,500
|-
|align=left|2003<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/56afc458-02b3-4938-9918-85d610d6f146|title=2007 Annual Report|website=Ir.aboutamazon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113172626/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/56afc458-02b3-4938-9918-85d610d6f146|archive-date=January 13, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|5,263
|35
|2,162
|7,800
|-
|align=left|2004<ref name="auto1"/>
|6,921
|588
|3,248
|9,000
|-
|align=left|2005<ref name="auto1"/>
|8,490
|359
|3,696
|12,000
|-
|align=left|2006<ref name="auto1"/>
|10,711
|190
|4,363
|13,900
|-
|align=left|2007<ref name="auto1"/>
|14,835
|476
|6,485
|17,000
|-
|align=left|2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/e1846da7-9425-42d9-add7-84218d7ee5e7|title=2008 Annual Report|website=Ir.aboutamazon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113172626/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/e1846da7-9425-42d9-add7-84218d7ee5e7|archive-date=January 13, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|19,166
|645
|8,314
|20,700
|-
|align=left|2009<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/f793debb-dc0a-4edf-a56d-9ff739d53b41|title=2009 Annual Report|website=Ir.aboutamazon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113172626/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/f793debb-dc0a-4edf-a56d-9ff739d53b41|archive-date=January 13, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|24,509
|902
|13,813
|24,300
|-
|align=left|2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/6f3c99ed-5094-4fed-a9ad-e18cdbf37478|title=2010 Annual Report|website=Ir.aboutamazon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111000053/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/6f3c99ed-5094-4fed-a9ad-e18cdbf37478|archive-date=November 11, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|34,204
|1,152
|18,797
|33,700
|-
|align=left|2011<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/02a49fbe-6860-4ed7-ade4-905bcf16a5e1|title=2011 Annual Report|website=Ir.aboutamazon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111000117/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/02a49fbe-6860-4ed7-ade4-905bcf16a5e1|archive-date=November 11, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|48,077
|631
|25,278
|56,200
|-
|align=left|2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28bfea7a-7b18-4ab0-ba03-581c6ccaa3a4|title=2012 Annual Report|website=Ir.aboutamazon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113172625/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28bfea7a-7b18-4ab0-ba03-581c6ccaa3a4|archive-date=January 13, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|61,093
|−39
|32,555
|88,400
|-
|align=left|2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/1be0475a-fcab-4826-9258-17f11c208487|title=2013 Annual Report|website=Ir.aboutamazon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113172625/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/1be0475a-fcab-4826-9258-17f11c208487|archive-date=January 13, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|74,452
|274
|40,159
|117,300
|-
|align=left|2014<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/29/amazon-reports-89b-in-sales-2014|title=Amazon reports $89bn in sales last year as shares jump 11% after hours|last=Neate|first=Rupert|date=January 29, 2015|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|access-date=November 7, 2018}}</ref>
|88,988
|−241
|54,505
|154,100
|-
|align=left|2015<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/amazon-clocks-107-billion-in-revenue-in-2015-1201691106/|title=Amazon Clocks $107 Billion In Revenue In 2015|last=Roettgers|first=Janko|date=January 28, 2016|website=Variety.com|access-date=November 7, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
|107,006
|596
|64,747
|230,800
|-
|align=left|2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/amazon/amazon-revenues-hit-by-stronger-dollar-miss-wall-street-expectations/|title=Amazon sales hit $136B in 2016; dollar hurts overseas business|date=February 2, 2017|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=November 7, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
|135,987
|2,371
|83,402
|341,400
|-
|align=left|2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42911123|title=Amazon 2017 sales jump by nearly a third|date=February 1, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=November 7, 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|177,866
|3,033
|131,310
|566,000
|-
|align=left|2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/NASDAQ_AMZN_2018.pdf|title=2018 Annual Report|access-date=January 12, 2021|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127230014/https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/NASDAQ_AMZN_2018.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|232,887
|10,073
|162,648
|647,500
|-
|align=left|2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/files/doc_financials/2020/ar/2019-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ir.aboutamazon.com/files/doc_financials/2020/ar/2019-Annual-Report.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=2019 Annual Report}}</ref>
|280,522
|11,588
|225,248
|798,000
|-
|align=left|2020<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon.com Announces Fourth Quarter Results|url=https://ir.aboutamazon.com/news-release/news-release-details/2021/Amazon.com-Announces-Fourth-Quarter-Results/default.aspx|access-date=February 10, 2021|website=ir.aboutamazon.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|386,064
|21,331
|321,195
|1,298,000
|-
|align=left|2021<ref name=10K />
|469,822
|33,364
|420,549
|1,608,000
|-
|align=left|2022<ref name=10K />
|513,983
|&minus;2,722
|462,675
|1,541,000
|}

=== Corporate culture ===
During his tenure, Jeff Bezos had become renowned for his annual shareholder letters, which have gained similar notability to those of [[Warren Buffett]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last1=Gregg |first1=Tricia |last2=Groysberg |first2=Boris |date=May 17, 2019 |title=Amazon's Priorities Over the Years, Based on Jeff Bezos's Letters to Shareholders |work=Harvard Business Review |url=https://hbr.org/2019/05/amazons-priorities-over-the-years-based-on-jeff-bezoss-letters-to-shareholders |access-date=September 27, 2022 |issn=0017-8012}}</ref> These annual letters gave an "invaluable window" into the famously "secretive" company, and revealed Bezos's perspectives and strategic focus.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Manjoo |first=Farhad |date=August 10, 2016 |title=Think Amazon's Drone Delivery Idea Is a Gimmick? Think Again |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/11/technology/think-amazons-drone-delivery-idea-is-a-gimmick-think-again.html |access-date=September 27, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A common theme of these letters is Bezos's desire to instill customer-centricity (in his words, "customer obsession") at all levels of Amazon, notably by making all senior executives field customer support queries for a short time at Amazon call centers. He also read many emails addressed by customers to his public email address.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritson |first=Mark |date=February 3, 2021 |title=Jeff Bezos's success at Amazon is down to one thing: focusing on the customer |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/mark-ritson-jeff-bezos-success-focusing-on-customer/ |access-date=September 27, 2022 |website=Marketing Week |language=en}}</ref> One of Bezos's most well-known internal memos was his mandate for "all teams" to "expose their data and functionality" through service interfaces "designed from the ground up to be externalizable". This process, commonly known as a [[service-oriented architecture]] (SOA), resulted in mandatory [[dogfooding]] of services that would later be commercialized as part of AWS.{{cn|date=January 2023}}

===Lobbying===
Amazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales, transportation safety, privacy and [[Information privacy|data protection]] and intellectual property. According to regulatory filings, Amazon.com focuses its lobbying on the [[United States Congress]], the [[Federal Communications Commission]] and the [[Federal Reserve System|Federal Reserve]]. Amazon.com spent roughly $3.5&nbsp;million, $5&nbsp;million and $9.5&nbsp;million on lobbying, in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amazon's Lobbying Expenditures |language=en-US |website=Opensecrets.org |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000023883 |access-date=August 9, 2021}}</ref> In 2019, it spent $16.8&nbsp;million and had a team of 104 lobbyists.<ref>{{cite web |title=Client Profile: Amazon.com |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/clients/summary?cycle=2019&id=D000023883 |access-date=February 4, 2020 |website=Centre for Responsive Politics}}</ref>

Amazon.com was a corporate member of the [[American Legislative Exchange Council]] (ALEC) until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders' meeting on May 24, 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2012/05/24/amazon-shareholders-met-by-protesters.html |first=Emily |last=Parkhurst |title=Amazon shareholders met by protesters, company cuts ties with ALEC|website=Bizjournals.com |date=May 24, 2012}}</ref>

In 2014, Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] to approve its drone delivery program, hiring the [[Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld]] lobbying firm in June.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Romm |first1=Tony |title=In Amazon's shopping cart: D.C. influence |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/08/amazon-dc-influence-109776.html |website=Politico.com |date=August 6, 2014 |publisher=Politico |access-date=August 7, 2014}}</ref> Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington, D.C. to explain its plans to deliver packages.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/28/technology/faa-drone-laws-start-to-clash-with-stricter-local-rules.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228045609/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/28/technology/faa-drone-laws-start-to-clash-with-stricter-local-rules.html |archive-date=December 28, 2015 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=F.A.A. Drone Laws Start to Clash With Stricter Local Rules|last=Kang|first=Cecilia|date=December 27, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 20, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA.<ref>{{cite news|author=Matt McFarland|title=Amazon gets closer to drone delivery with FAA approval|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/31/tech/amazon-drone-faa-approval/index.html|access-date=September 4, 2020|website=CNN}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
{{Main|Criticism of Amazon}}

[[File:Anti-Amazon sticker.jpg|thumb|A sticker expressing an anti-Amazon message is pictured on the back of a street sign in Seattle.]]Amazon has attracted criticism for its actions, including: supplying law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tools;<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/05/22/amazon-is-selling-facial-recognition-to-law-enforcement-for-a-fistful-of-dollars/|title=Amazon is selling facial recognition to law enforcement — for a fistful of dollars|date=May 22, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> forming cloud computing partnerships with the [[CIA]];<ref name="vanity-fair">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/08/has-bezos-become-more-powerful-in-dc-than-trump|title="Everybody immediately knew that it was for Amazon": Has Bezos become more powerful in DC than Trump?|first=May|last=Jeong|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=August 13, 2018|access-date=September 14, 2018}}</ref> leading customers away from bookshops;<ref>{{cite news |title=Amazon Lure's Shoppers Away from Stores |first=Nick |last=Leiber |url=http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/running_small_business/archives/2011/12/amazon_turns_shops_into_showrooms_with_new_app.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208221628/http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/running_small_business/archives/2011/12/amazon_turns_shops_into_showrooms_with_new_app.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 8, 2011 |newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=December 7, 2011 |access-date=December 7, 2011}}</ref> adversely impacting the environment;<ref name="Cavaillez">{{cite news |author=Jean-Philippe Cavaillez |date=March 5, 2019 |title=Plateforme logistique Amazon : bras de fer dans l'Est lyonnais |language=fr |page=10 |newspaper=[[Le Progrès]] |url=https://www.leprogres.fr/rhone-69-edition-lyon-metropole/2019/03/05/plateforme-logistique-amazon-bras-de-fer-dans-l-est-lyonnais}}</ref> placing a low priority on warehouse conditions for workers;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Greene |first1=Jay |last2=Alcantara |first2=Chris |title=Amazon warehouse workers suffer serious injuries at higher rates than other firms |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/06/01/amazon-osha-injury-rate/ |access-date=April 11, 2022 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 1, 2021}}</ref> actively opposing unionization efforts;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Matsakis |first1=Louise |title=Why Amazon Really Raised Its Minimum Wage to $15 |url=https://www.wired.com/story/why-amazon-really-raised-minimum-wage/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=October 2, 2018}}</ref> remotely deleting content purchased by Amazon Kindle users; taking public subsidies; seeking to patent its [[1-Click]] technology; engaging in anti-competitive actions and [[price discrimination]];<ref name=":6" /><ref name="baum">{{cite news |last1=Baum |first1=Andrew |title=Amazon Wins Ruling on Results for Searches on Brands It Doesn't Sell |url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/amazon-wins-ruling-results-searches-brands-it-doesn-t-sell |access-date=December 21, 2015 |work=The National Law Review |publisher=Foley & Lardner |date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> and reclassifying [[LGBT]] books as adult content.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Slatterly |first=Brennon |title=Amazon 'Glitch' Yanks Sales Rank of Hundreds of LGBT Books |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/162996/amazon_glitch_yanks_sales_rank_of_hundreds_of_lgbt_books.html |magazine=[[PC World]] |date=April 13, 2009 |access-date=July 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Armstrong |first=Paul |title=Amazon: 'Glitch' caused gay censorship error |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TECH/04/14/amazon.gay.lesbian.ranking/ |publisher=CNN |access-date=May 17, 2020 |date=April 14, 2009}}</ref> Criticism has also concerned various decisions over whether to censor or publish content such as the [[WikiLeaks]] website, works containing [[Defamation|libel]], anti-LGBT merchandise, and material facilitating [[Dog fighting|dogfight]], [[cockfight]], or [[pedophilia|pedophile]] activities. An article published by ''[[Time Magazine|Time]]'' in the wake of social media website [[Parler]]'s termination of service by Amazon Web Service highlights the power companies like Amazon now have over the internet.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://time.com/5929888/amazon-parler-aws/|title=Why Amazon's Move to Drop Parler Is a Big Deal for the Future of the Internet|author=Alex Fitzpatrick|date=2021-01-21|accessdate=2023-11-26|work=[[Time Magazine]]}}</ref> In December 2011, Amazon faced a backlash from small businesses for running a one-day deal to promote its new Price Check app. Shoppers who used the app to check prices in a brick-and-mortar store were offered a 5% discount to purchase the same item from Amazon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2011/12/20/groupon-launches-anti-amazon-promotion-of-sorts/|title=Groupon Launches Anti-Amazon Promotion of Sorts|last=Raice|first=Shayndi|date=December 20, 2011|website=WSJ|language=en-US|access-date=February 20, 2019}}</ref> Companies like [[Groupon]], [[eBay]] and Taap.it countered Amazon's promotion by offering $10 off from their products.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internetretailer.com/commentary/2011/12/22/while-some-still-cry-others-fight-back |title=Focus on Mobile Commerce – While some still cry, others fight back |work=Internet Retailer |access-date=February 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobilecommercedaily.com/2011/12/20/what-can-retailers-learn-from-amazon-groupon-and-ebay |title=What can retailers learn from Amazon, Groupon and eBay? – Mobile Commerce Daily – Multichannel retail support |work=Mobile Commerce Daily |date=December 20, 2011 |access-date=February 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207203932/http://www.mobilecommercedaily.com/2011/12/20/what-can-retailers-learn-from-amazon-groupon-and-ebay |archive-date=February 7, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The company has also faced accusations of putting undue pressure on suppliers to maintain and extend its profitability. One effort to squeeze the most vulnerable book publishers was known within the company as the Gazelle Project, after Bezos suggested, according to [[Brad Stone (journalist)|Brad Stone]], "that Amazon should approach these small publishers the way a cheetah would pursue a sickly gazelle."<ref name="New Yorker"/> In July 2014, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] launched a lawsuit against the company alleging it was promoting in-app purchases to children, which were being transacted without parental consent.<ref>{{cite web |title=Complaint, Federal Trade Commission v. Amazon.com, Inc. |url=https://www.pacermonitor.com/view/FGNCSIQ/Federal_Trade_Commission_v_Amazoncom_Inc__wawdce-14-01038__0001.0.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.pacermonitor.com/view/FGNCSIQ/Federal_Trade_Commission_v_Amazoncom_Inc__wawdce-14-01038__0001.0.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |website=PacerMonitor |access-date=June 16, 2016}}</ref> In 2019, Amazon banned selling [[Skin whitening|skin-lightening]] products after pushback from Minnesota health and environmental activists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-skin-lightening-products-with-high-mercury-levels/|title=Amazon pulls "racist" skin-lightening products|website=www.cbsnews.com|date=November 22, 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=November 24, 2019}}</ref> In 2022, a lawsuit filed by state attorney-general [[Letitia James]] was dismissed by the New York state court of appeals.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Reuters |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Amazon.com wins dismissal of NY attorney general lawsuit over worker safety |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/appeals-court-dismisses-new-york-lawsuit-against-amazoncom-over-worker-safety-2022-05-10/ |access-date=May 10, 2022}}</ref>

Jane Friedman<ref name="janefriedman/books">{{cite web |title=Books by Jane Friedman |url=https://janefriedman.com/books/ |website=Jane Friedman .com |access-date=August 9, 2023}}</ref> discovered six listings of books fraudulently using her name, on Amazon and [[Goodreads]]. Amazon and Goodreads resisted removing the fraudulent titles until the author's complaints went viral on social media, in a blog post titled "I Would Rather See My Books Get Pirated Than This (Or: Why Goodreads and Amazon Are Becoming Dumpster Fires)."<ref name="janefriedman/rather-my-books-pirated">{{cite web |last1=Friedman |first1=Jane |title=I Would Rather See My Books Get Pirated Than This (Or: Why Goodreads and Amazon Are Becoming Dumpster Fires) |url=<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20230807174329/https://janefriedman.com/i-would-rather-see-my-books-pirated/ -->https://janefriedman.com/i-would-rather-see-my-books-pirated/ |website=Jane Friedman |access-date=August 9, 2023 |date=August 7, 2023}}</ref><ref name="arstechnica/2023/08/ai-generated-counterfeit-books-amazon">{{cite news |last1=Edwards |first1=Benj |title=Author discovers AI-generated counterfeit books written in her name on Amazon |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/08/author-discovers-ai-generated-counterfeit-books-written-in-her-name-on-amazon/ |access-date=August 9, 2023 |work=Ars Technica |date=August 8, 2023 |language=en-us}}<!-- https://www.thedailybeast.com/author-jane-friedman-finds-ai-fakes-being-sold-under-her-name-on-amazon  https://gizmodo.com/amazon-jane-friedman-ai-generated-books-removed-1850718989  https://www.thestreet.com/technology/author-levels-troubling-new-accusation-at-amazons-publishing-practices --></ref><ref name="vice/v7b774">{{cite web |last1=Roscoe |first1=Jules |title=AI-Generated Books of Nonsense Are All Over Amazon's Bestseller Lists |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7b774/ai-generated-books-of-nonsense-are-all-over-amazons-bestseller-lists |website=Vice |access-date=August 9, 2023 |language=en |date=June 28, 2023}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost/amazon-goodreads">{{cite news |last1=O'Donovan |first1=Caroline |title=Goodreads was the future of book reviews. Then Amazon bought it. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/07/01/amazon-goodreads-elizabeth-gilbert/ |access-date=August 9, 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=July 2, 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Internet|Companies}}
* [[Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award]]
* [[Amazon Pay]]
* [[Amazon Standard Identification Number]] (ASIN)
* [[Camelcamelcamel]] – a website that tracks the prices of products sold on Amazon.com
* [[History of Amazon]]
* [[Carbon tax#Internal price on carbon|Internal carbon pricing]]
* [[List of book distributors]]
* [[Statistically improbable phrase]]s – Amazon.com's phrase extraction technique for indexing books

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Brandt |first=Richard L. |year=2011 |title=One Click: Jeff Bezos and the Rise of Amazon.com |url=http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9781591843757,00.html |location=New York |publisher=Portfolio Penguin |isbn=978-1-59184-375-7 |access-date=December 18, 2011 |archive-date=February 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222035928/http://www.us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9781591843757,00.html |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |last=Daisey |first=Mike |author-link=Mike Daisey |year=2002 |title=21 Dog Years |url=https://archive.org/details/21dogyearsdoingt00dais |publisher=Free Press |isbn=0-7432-2580-5 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Friedman |first=Mara |year=2004 |title=Amazon.com for Dummies |url=https://archive.org/details/amazoncomfordumm00frie |publisher=Wiley Publishing |isbn=0-7645-5840-4 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Marcus |first=James |year=2004 |title=Amazonia: Five Years at the Epicenter of the Dot.Com Juggernaut |url=https://archive.org/details/amazonia00marc |publisher=W. W. Norton |isbn=1-56584-870-5 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Spector |first=Robert |year=2000 |title=Amazon.com – Get Big Fast: Inside the Revolutionary Business Model That Changed the World |url=https://archive.org/details/amazoncomgetbigf00spec |url-access=registration |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-06-662041-4 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Brad |author-link=Brad Stone (journalist) |year=2013 |title=The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon |title-link=The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon |location=New York |publisher=Little Brown and Co. |isbn=978-0-316-21926-6 |oclc=856249407}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website}}
* {{OpenCorp|Amazon}}
{{Finance links
|name=Amazon.com, Inc.
|symbol=AMZN
|sec_cik=1018724
|bloomberg= AMZN:US
|yahoo = AMZN
|google = AMZN
}}

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