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'''Amicus, O.S.B.''' was a 12th century Roman Catholic [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], and Cardinal-priest of the [[titular church|''titulus'']] of [[Santi Nereo e Achilleo|Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo]] in Rome.

==Early career==
Amicus began his ecclesiastical life as a monk in the Benedictine congregation of [[Monte Cassino|Montecassino]]. He rose to the rank of Dean (''decanus'') in the monastic hierarchy.

Between 1109 and 1117, he became abbot of the monastic community of S. Vincenzo al Volturno,<ref>Zenker, p. 96. Ganzer, p. 69.</ref> "sito intus hanc... capuanum civitatem."<ref>Antonio Spinelli (1857), [https://books.google.com/books?id=Wn8-AQAAIAAJ&q=editions:V6uJz3U7uOYC ''Regii neapolitani archivi monumenta edita ac illustrata'', Volume 6] (Naples: ex Regia Typographia), p. 114.</ref>

==Cardinal==

During a papal visit to Montecassino in 1117, [[Pope Paschal II]] ordained Amicus a priest and appointed him Cardinal-priest of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo in Rome.<ref>Hüls, p. 193. Ganzer, p. 69.</ref> He apparently retained the post of abbot of S. Vincenzo until his death.<ref>Ganzer, p. 71, note 56.</ref> Two months later he was with the pope at Benevento, when, on 20 April 1117, he was the recipient of a papal privilege.<ref>Hüls, p. 193. Ganzer, p. 69: "...tibi ergo, dilecte in Christo fili, Amice abbas, quem nos prestante Deo, in nostre Sancte Romane Ecclesie presbiterum cardinalem consecravimus...."</ref>
 
Cardinal Amicus participated in [[1118 papal election|the election]] of Cardinal Giovanni Gaetani as [[Pope Gelasius II]] on 24 January 1118. The electoral meeting took place at the monastery of the Palladium (Santa Maria in Pallara, near the Arch of Titus and the Arch of Constantine) for reasons of security.<ref>P. Fedele, "Una chiesa del Palatino: S. Maria 'in Pallara'," {{in lang|it}} ''Archivio della Società romana di storia patria'' 26 (1903), 343-380.   Gregorovius ''History of Rome in the Middle Ages'' IV. 2, pp. 377-381. S. Maria in Pallara belonged to the Benedictine Congregation of Montecassino, and was the residence of Cardinal Giovanni of Gaeta (Joannes Gaetanus), the papal chancellor, who was also a Benedictine monk.</ref> Cardinal Amicus was one of those present.<ref>{{cite book|author=J.B.M. Watterich|title=Pontificum Romanorum qui fuerunt inde ab exeunte saeculo IX usque ad finem saeculi XIII vitae: ab aequalibus conscriptae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bORTAAAAcAAJ|volume=Tom. II|year=1862|publisher=G. Engelmann|location=Leipzig|language=la|page=94}}</ref> During the enthronement ceremony, Cencius Frangipani and his supporters broke into the monastery, seized and abused the pope and others, and carried Gelasius off to one of their prisons. He was rescued, but, on the approach of Henry V to Rome, he fled to Gaeta, to Capua, and then to Pisa.<ref>Ferdinand Gregorovius (1896), ''History of Rome in the Middle Ages''. Volume IV. 2, second edition (London: George Bell, 1896), p. 378.</ref>

Cardinal Amicus, O.S.B. played no part in the election of [[Pope Calixtus II]] in 1119. He was not at Cluny, and he was not in Rome. It may be assumed that he was at his abbey of S. Vincenzo.

He does not appear in the documentary record again until 1128. In March 1128 at Capua, he received a privilege for his monastery of S. Vincenzo granted by Prince [[Robert II of Capua]], "in quo etiam dominus Amicus venerabilis cardinalis Sancte romane aecclesiae abbas pr(a)eesse dinoscitur...."<ref>Hüls, p. 193, with note 4 (who incorrectly calls him "Roger II. von Sizilien"). Ganzer, p. 70, with note 5.</ref>

Cardinal Amicus, O.S.B.Casin., died on 4 January in a year after 1130.<ref>Erasmus Gattola, [https://books.google.com/books?id=bYmxivS2vJ8C ''Ad historiam abbatiae Cassinensis accessiones''] Venice: apud Sebastianum Coleti, 1734, p. 851. Ganzer, p. 71.</ref>

There was another contemporary Cardinal Amicus, of the [[titular church|title]] of [[Santa Croce in Gerusalemme]]. Both cardinals named Amicus are listed by Cardinal [[Pandulfus Pisanus]] as having taken part in the election of [[Pope Gelasius II]] on 24 January 1118.<ref>Watterich II, p. 94.</ref> He continues to appear in documents until April 1121.<ref>Hüls, p. 163. Ganzer, p. 69.</ref>

==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==

*{{cite book |first=Johannes M. |last=Brixius |title=Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130–1181 |location=Berlin |year=1912}}
* Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1896), [https://archive.org/details/p2historyofcityo04greguoft/page/338/mode/2up ''History of Rome in the Middle Ages'']. Volume IV. part 2, second edition (London: George Bell, 1896).
*{{cite book|last=Ganzer|first= Klaus|title= Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalkollegiums vom 11.bis 13. Jahrhundert| series = Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom| language = de| location =  Tübingen| publisher= Max Niemeyer Verlag|year=1963}}
*{{cite book|last=Hüls|first=Rudolf|title = Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049&ndash;1130| publisher=Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom| language=de|year =1977|isbn = 978-3-484-80071-7}}
*{{cite book|first=Philippus|last1=Jaffé|title=Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbxF9wb05DIC|edition=second|volume=Tomus primus|year=1885|publisher=Veit|location=Leipzig|language=Latin}}
*{{cite book|last = Klewitz|first = Hans-Walter|title=Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg. Die Entstehung des Kardinalkollegiums. Studien über die Wiederherstellung der römischen Kirche in Süditalien durch das Reformpapsttum. Das Ende des Reformpapsttums| publisher=Hermann Gentner Verlag, Darmstadt|language=de|year=1957}}
*{{cite book|last=Watterich|first=J. B. M.|title=Pontificum Romanorum qui fuerunt inde ab exeunte saeculo IX usque ad finem saeculi XIII vitae: ab aequalibus conscriptae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bORTAAAAcAAJ|volume=Tom. II|year=1862|publisher=G. Engelmann|location=Leipzig|language=la}}
*{{cite book|last=Zenker|first=Barbara|title=Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159|location = Würzburg|language=de|year =1964}}

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[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:12th-century Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Cardinal-priests]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
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