Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Artworks damaged, destroyed or stolen during the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
[[File:Invasão do prédio do Congresso Nacional (52618023628).jpg|thumb|Portrait of [[Renan Calheiros]], from the gallery of official portraits of former presidents of the Senate, in the Main Hall of the house]]

During the [[2023 Brazilian Congress attack]], numerous [[Work of art|works of art]] were targeted by supporters of Brazilian former president [[Jair Bolsonaro]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-09 |title=Brazil protests: Artwork suffers damage beyond repair  |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64214357 |access-date=2023-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawson-Tancred |first=Jo |date=2023-01-09 |title=Here Are the Artworks Destroyed by Pro-Bolsonaro Rioters in the Storming of Brazil's Oscar Niemeyer-Designed Capital Buildings |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/here-are-the-artworks-destroyed-by-pro-bolsonaro-rioters-in-the-storming-of-brazils-oscar-niemeyer-designed-capital-buildings-2240129 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Artnet News }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Villegas |first1=Paulina |date=January 9, 2023 |first2=Rafael |last2=Vilela |title=Brazilian rioters damage iconic buildings and historic art |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/brazil-insurrection-damage-art/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |newspaper=Washington Post }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=archive.ph |url=https://archive.today/20230109234720/https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2023/01/09/brazilian-rioters-damaged-a-15-million-painting-in-jan-6-style-attack-brazils-government-says/?sh=3b2e8c792464 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=archive.ph}}</ref><ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bolsonaristas destroem patrimônio histórico, obras de arte e gabinetes de autoridades |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/politica/noticia/2023/01/bolsonaristas-destroem-patrimonio-historico-obras-de-arte-e-gabinetes-de-autoridades.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=O Globo |language=pt-br}}</ref>

== Background ==
{{Main articles|Brasília}}

Brasília, the federal capital of Brazil, is a [[Planned community|planned city]] and its architecture is considered unique in the world. The city was declared a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]] in 1987 and is divided into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector, and the Embassy Sector.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Heritage List |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/445 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119104733/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/445 |archive-date=19 January 2013 |access-date=6 February 2013 |publisher=Unesco}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-06|last=Branco |first=Mariana|title=Niemeyer e Joaquim Cardozo: uma parceria mágica entre arquiteto e engenheiro |url=https://memoria.ebc.com.br/2012/12/niemeyer-e-joaquim-cardozo-uma-parceria-magica-entre-arquiteto-e-engenheiro|access-date=2023-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207104046/https://memoria.ebc.com.br/2012/12/niemeyer-e-joaquim-cardozo-uma-parceria-magica-entre-arquiteto-e-engenheiro|archive-date=2022-12-07 |language=pt-BR|publisher=Empresa Brasil de Comunicação |location=Brasília}}</ref> Since it is the [[seat of government]] of Brazil, Brasília houses several [[diplomatic gift]]s and artworks that are displayed in international and Brazilian art exhibitions, including in the [[Cultural Complex of the Republic]]. Government buildings in Brasília are not only works of art themselves due to their [[modernist architecture]], but they also work as museums, libraries and theaters to officials and the general population who come to the city seeking [[Public service|government services]] and as visitors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibarra |first=Pedro |date=2021-10-27 |title=História artística de Brasília entra em exibição no Museu Nacional da República |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/diversao-e-arte/2021/10/4958262-historia-artistica-de-brasilia-entra-em-exibicao-no-museu-nacional-da-republica.html |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Diversão e Arte |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teatro Nacional Claudio Santoro |url=https://www.cultura.df.gov.br/teatro-nacional-claudio-santoro/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Secretaria de Cultura e Economia Criativa |language=pt-BR |archive-date=2023-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109235043/https://www.cultura.df.gov.br/teatro-nacional-claudio-santoro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Artworks ==
Many artworks were torn apart, shredded, broken, graffitied or simply stolen by the attackers in the assault. Early reports estimate that [[Brazilian real|BRL]] 9 million (nearly [[United States dollar|USD]] 1.7 million) in works of art alone (government buildings not included) were lost in the attack.<ref>{{Cite news |title=As obras de arte vandalizadas nas invasões em Brasília |language=pt-BR |work=BBC News Brasil |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-64217624 |access-date=2023-01-21}}</ref> The following artworks were damaged, destroyed or stolen by the perpetrators:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Works affected by the 2023 Brasília attacks
! Work name
! Work type
! Status
! Artist
! Creation date
! Brazil acquisition date
! Notes
|-
| Relógio da Corte de Luiz XIV (clock from the court of French King [[Louis XIV]])
| Clock
| Damaged
| [[André Charles Boulle]] (Designer) & [[Balthazar Martinot]] (Maker)
| ca. [[17th century]]
|
| <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=De relógio doado por corte de Luís XIV a tela de Di Cavalcanti, veja lista com obras de arte danificadas em Brasília |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/noticia/2023/01/de-relogio-doado-por-corte-de-luis-xiv-a-tela-de-di-cavalcanti-veja-lista-com-obras-de-arte-danificadas-em-brasilia.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=O Globo |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|-
| Bola de futebol assinada por Neymar (soccer ball signed by [[Neymar]])
| Soccer ball
| Stolen but later recovered
| Unknown
| 
|
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bola autografada por Neymar furtada em ataque terrorista em Brasília é encontrada em Sorocaba, diz polícia |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sorocaba-jundiai/noticia/2023/01/29/bola-autografada-por-neymar-que-sumiu-em-ataque-terrorista-em-brasilia-e-encontrada-em-sorocaba-diz-policia.ghtml |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|-
| Vaso Húngaro (Hungarian [[porcelain]] vase)
| Vase
| Destroyed
| Vausa Val
| 2008
|
| <ref name="portalcamara">{{Cite web |title=Pérola do Catar e bola autografada por Neymar foram levadas durante invasão da Câmara - Notícias |url=https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/933432-perola-do-catar-e-bola-autografada-por-neymar-foram-levadas-durante-invasao-da-camara/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Portal da Câmara dos Deputados |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|-
| Vaso da Dinastia Shang ([[Shang dynasty|Shang Dynasty]] vase) 
| [[Vase]]
| Destroyed
| Unknown
|ca. [[1600 BCE|1,600 BCE]]
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moratelli |first1=Valmir |title=A mais antiga obra de arte destruída por bolsonaristas terroristas |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/a-mais-antiga-obra-de-arte-destruida-por-bolsonaristas-terroristas/ |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=Veja |date=2023-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119150520/https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/a-mais-antiga-obra-de-arte-destruida-por-bolsonaristas-terroristas/ |archive-date=2023-01-19 |location=São Paulo |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ato de assinatura do Projeto da 1ª Constituição'' (''The Act of signature of the Brazilian draft 1st Constitution'')
|Painting
| Damaged
| Gustavo Hastoy
| 1890
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reparo de obras de arte pode chegar a R$ 1 milhão, diz equipe do Museu do Senado |url=https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2023/01/13/reparo-de-obras-de-arte-pode-chegar-a-r-1-milhao-diz-equipe-do-museu-do-senado |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=Senado Federal |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|-
| Mobília do antigo Palácio Monroe (Furniture from the former Brazilian Senate building [[Palácio Monroe|Monroe Palace]])
| Desks, chair
| Damaged
| Unknown
|ca. [[19th century]]
|
|<ref name="senadofederal">{{Cite web |title=Museu traça plano de restauração e reposição de peças atingidas na invasão |url=https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2023/01/10/museu-traca-plano-de-restauracao-e-reposicao-de-pecas-atingidas-na-invasao |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=Senado Federal |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|-
| Tinteiro do Império do Brasil (Inkwell from the [[Empire of Brazil]])
| Inkwell
| Damaged
| Unknown
| 
|
|<ref name="senadofederal"/>
|-
| ''A Bailarina'' (''The Ballerina'')
| Bronze sculpture
| Stolen but later recovered
| [[Victor Brecheret]]
| 1920 
|
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| Pérola e Concha (Pearl and Shell)
| Gold Sculpture
| Stolen
| Unknown
| 
|
| <ref name="portalcamara"/>
|-
| Ovo de Avestruz (Ostrich Egg)
| Sculpture
| Destroyed
| Unknown
| 
|
| <ref name="portalcamara"/>
|-
| ''As Mulatas'' (''The Mulatto Women'')
| Painting 
| Damaged
| [[Emiliano Di Cavalcanti|Di Cavalcanti]]
| 1962 
|
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''Araguaia''
| Stained glass panel 
| Destroyed
| [[Marianne Peretti]]
| 1977 
|
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| [[Juscelino Kubitschek]]'s work desk
| Desk
| Damaged
| [[Oscar Niemeyer]] and [[Anna Maria Niemeyer]]
| ca. 1960
| ca. 1960
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''A Justiça'' (''The Justice'')
| Granite sculpture
| Damaged
| [[Alfredo Ceschiatti]]
| 1961 
| 
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''O Flautista'' (''The Flautist'')
| Bronze sculpture
| Destroyed
| [[Bruno Giorgi]]
| 1962  
|
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| The Supreme Court Presidential chair
| Chair
| Damaged
| [[Jorge Zalszupin]]
|
|
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''Galhos e Sombras'' (''Sticks and Shadows'') 
| Wooden sculpture
| Destroyed
| [[Frans Krajcberg]]
|
|
| <ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=As obras de arte vandalizadas nas invasões em Brasília |language=pt-BR |work=BBC News Brasil |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-64217624 |access-date=2023-01-09}}</ref>
|-
| ''Muro Escultório'' (''Sculptural Wall'')
| Wooden panel
| Damaged
| [[Athos Bulcão]]
|
|
| <ref name=":1" />
|-
| ''Maria, Maria''
| Bronze sculpture
| Damaged
| [[Sonia Ebling|Sônia Ebling]]
| 1980  
|
| <ref name=":1" />
|-
| ''Bandeira do Brasil'' (''The Brazilian Flag'')
| Painting
| Damaged
| Jorge Eduardo Alves de Souza
|
|
| <ref name=":1" />
|-
| ''Vênus Apocalíptica'' (''Apocalyptic Venus'')
| [[Plaster]] Sculpture 
| Damaged
| [[Marta Minujín]]
|
|
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''Retrato de José Bonifácio'' (''Portrait of [[José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva|José Bonifácio]]'')
| Painting 
| Damaged
| [[Oscar Pereira da Silva]]
| 1922 
|
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''Retrato de Guido Mondin'' (''Portrait of Guido Mondin'')
| Painting
| Damaged
| Unknown
| 
|
|<ref name="senadofederal"/>
|-
| Brasão da República (The Brazilian Coat of Arms)
| Coat of Arms
| Damaged
| Unknown
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martins |first=Lorena K. |date=2023-01-08 |title=De obra de Di Cavalcanti à brasão da República: veja lista de itens destruídos {{!}} O TEMPO |url=https://www.otempo.com.br/politica/de-obra-de-di-cavalcanti-a-brasao-da-republica-veja-lista-de-itens-destruidos-1.2794361 |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=www.otempo.com.br |language=pt-BR}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tapestry]] previously owned by [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil|Princess Isabel of Brazil]]
| [[Tapestry]]
| Damaged 
| Unknown
|
|
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tapete histórico e busto de Rui Barbosa foram vandalizados no STF |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2023/01/08/tapete-historico-e-busto-de-rui-barbosa-foram-vandalizados-no-stf.htm |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|-
| Tapestry made by Burle Marx
| Tapestry
| Damaged
| [[Roberto Burle Marx]]
| 
|
|<ref name="senadofederal"/>
|-
| Tapete Persa (Persian Carpet)
| Carpet
| Damaged
| Unknown
| 
|
|<ref name="senadofederal"/>
|-
| Bust of [[Ruy Barbosa]]
| [[Bust (sculpture)|Bust]]
| Destroyed 
| Unknown
|
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| Bust of [[Joaquim Nabuco]]
| [[Bust (sculpture)|Bust]] 
| Destroyed
| Unknown
|
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| Rare copy of the [[Brazilian Constitution of 1988]]
| Book 
| Stolen but later recovered
|Unknown
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Réplica da Constituição roubada por golpistas é devolvida ao STF |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2023/01/13/replica-da-constituicao-roubada-por-golpistas-e-devolvida-ao-stf.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|}

== Aftermath ==
After the attacks and the perpetrators left the government buildings, Brazilian Culture Minister [[Margareth Menezes]] announced [[UNESCO]] had offered its expert team to help repair [[Conservation and restoration of cultural property|restorable]] artworks. Additionally she reached out to the [[National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage]] (Iphan) conservationists and restorers so they could also help repair the works of art.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Margareth Menezes diz ter convocado reunião com técnicos do Iphan e restauradores para 'reconstruir tudo o que foi violado' |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2023/01/09/margareth-menezes-cultura-restauracao.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Margareth Menezes fará reunião com Iphan para avaliar obras destruídas |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2023/01/margareth-menezes-fara-reuniao-com-iphan-para-avaliar-obras-destruidas.shtml |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

On February 19, 2023, Switzerland offered to help Brazil restore the French 17th century clock (made by [[Balthazar Martinot]] and targeted by a Bolsonaro supporter during the attacks) in a partnership with Swiss watchmaker company [[Audemars Piguet]], which was accepted by the Brazilian Culture ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RTS/gw |title=Switzerland to help fix rare clock damaged during attack on Brazilian congress |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/culture/switzerland-to-help-fix-rare-clock-damaged-during-attack-on-brazilian-congress/48299242 |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-19 |title=La Suisse va aider à restaurer une horloge endommagée lors de la tentative de coup d'Etat au Brésil |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/13798360-la-suisse-va-aider-a-restaurer-une-horloge-endommagee-lors-de-la-tentative-de-coup-detat-au-bresil.html |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=rts.ch |language=fr}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Invasão do prédio do Congresso Nacional (52617948728).jpg|A team of technicians begins the restoration work on the ''Angel'' sculpture by Alfredo Ceschiatti. In the background, the ''Araguaia'' panel, by Marianne Peretti, is also undergoing repairs
File:Escultura de Victor Brecheret Bailarina é restaurada e recolocada novamente em exposição na Câmara 5.jpg|Re-installation of ''A Ballerina'' after restoration
</gallery>

== See also ==
*[[2023 in Brazil]]
*[[Art destruction]]
*[[January 6 United States Capitol attack]]
*[[Looting]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:21st century in Brasília]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2023]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Brazil]]
[[Category:Brazilian culture]]
[[Category:January 2023 events in Brazil]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Brazil]]
[[Category:Vandalized works of art in Brazil]]
[[Category:Lists of works of art]]
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