Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Aylesbury railway station

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Railway station in Buckinghamshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox station
| name                = Aylesbury
| symbol_location     = gb
| symbol              = rail
| image               = 2011 at Aylesbury station - entrance.jpg
| caption             = Station forecourt
| borough             = [[Aylesbury]], [[Buckinghamshire Council|Buckinghamshire]]
| country             = England
| coordinates         = {{coord|51.813903|-0.815102|type:railwaystation_region:GB_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name           = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|Grid reference]]
| grid_position       = {{gbmapscaled|SP817134|25|SP817134}}
| manager             = [[Chiltern Railways]]
| platforms           = 3
| code                = AYS
| classification      = [[United Kingdom railway station categories|DfT category]] D
| original            = [[Wycombe Railway]]
| opened              = 1 October 1863
| mpassengers =
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2018/19 |passengers={{increase}} 1.235 million}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2019/20 |passengers={{decrease}} 1.208 million}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2020/21 |passengers={{decrease}} 0.298 million}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2021/22 |passengers={{increase}} 0.743 million}}
{{Rail pass box |pass_year=2022/23 |passengers={{increase}} 0.874 million}}
| footnotes           = Passenger statistics from the [[Office of Rail and Road]]
|mapframe=yes
|mapframe-zoom = 13
}}

[[File:Aylesbury Station geograph-3933405-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|thumb|right|View of the platforms in 1991]]
'''Aylesbury railway station''' is a [[railway station]] in [[Aylesbury]], [[Buckinghamshire]], England, on the [[London–Aylesbury line]] from {{rws|London Marylebone}} via [[Amersham station|Amersham]].  It is {{convert|38|mi}} from Aylesbury to Marylebone. A branch line from {{rws|Princes Risborough}} on the [[Chiltern Main Line]] terminates at the station. It was the terminus for [[London Underground]]'s [[Metropolitan line]] until the service was cut back to [[Amersham tube station|Amersham]] in 1961.  The station was also known as '''Aylesbury Town''' under the management of [[British Railways]] from {{circa|1948}} until the 1960s.<ref name=Borley>{{cite book| title=Chronology of London Railways| first=H.V.| last=Borley}}{{full citation needed|date=December 2016}}</ref>

==History==
The town of [[Aylesbury]] had been served by the [[London and Birmingham Railway]] (L&BR) since 1839 when the [[Aylesbury Railway]] was opened; this was a branch from the L&BR's main line at {{stnlnk|Cheddington}} to {{stnlnk|Aylesbury High Street}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Reed |first=M.C. |title=The London & North Western Railway |year=1996 |publisher=Atlantic Transport Publishers |location=Penryn |isbn=0-906899-66-4 |page=7 }}</ref>

The first station on the present site was opened in 1863 by the [[Wycombe Railway]], which in 1867 was taken over by the [[Great Western Railway]].  In 1868 the Aylesbury & Buckingham Railway (later part of the [[Metropolitan Railway]]) reached Aylesbury.

When opened, the line to Aylesbury from Princes Risborough was broad gauge. To avoid mixed gauge track when the standard gauge Aylesbury and Buckingham arrived at the station in 1868, the section to Princes Risborough was converted to standard gauge, and therefore until the rest of the Wycombe Railway was converted in 1870 there was no access to the rest of the GWR system. The GWR provided motive power and trains to both the Wycombe Railway and the A&B, and ran a shuttle service from Princes Risborough to Verney Junction.

A broad gauge single-road engine shed was provided from the station's opening in 1863; the shed was doubled in length within a year or two, and in 1870 became a two-road shed with a lean-to added to the east side of the original shed. By 1892, with the arrival of the Metropolitan Railway, the shed was converted to a north-light two-road shed using the west wall of the original broad gauge shed and the east wall of the 1870 extension.

The Metropolitan Railway opened from [[Chalfont and Latimer railway station|Chalfont Road]] in 1892 to a separate station named '''Aylesbury (Brook Street)''' adjacent to the GWR station. It closed in 1894 when services were diverted to the GW station.<ref name=Borley />  The [[Great Central Railway]] reached Aylesbury in 1899 from Annesley Junction just north of Nottingham on its [[Great Central Main Line|London extension line]] to {{rws|London Marylebone}}.

===Aylesbury Railway Disaster of 1904===
[[File:Aylesbury, High Wycombe, Princes Risboro, Quainton Road & Verney Ashendon RJD 146.jpg|thumb|right|A 1911 [[Railway Clearing House]] map of railways in and around Aylesbury]]
Because the station had been a terminus for the Metropolitan Railway the original junction layout on the route to London Marylebone included a sharp curve. This became inconvenient once some Great Central trains began to run non-stop through Aylesbury from 1899 onwards. Rather than change the junction layout to suit faster trains, a {{convert|15|mph|abbr=on}} speed restriction was applied to the curve.

On 23 December 1904 at about 3:38&nbsp;a.m. this curve was the site of the Aylesbury Railway Disaster. The 2:45&nbsp;a.m. Great Central express newspaper train from London Marylebone consisting of a locomotive, tender, and ten vehicles—three coaches, an assortment of six fish, meat and parcel vans, and a brake van—failed to slow for the curve, and was completely derailed. The locomotive, tender, and the first three or four vehicles mounted the "down" platform of the station, two vehicles mounted the "up" platform, and the rest of the train was smashed to pieces and scattered over a distance of {{convert|50|yard}} between the two platforms. The driver of the train, Joseph Barnshaw was seriously injured and died the next day. The fireman George Masters was killed as also were London-based driver David Summers and fireman Josiah Stanton who were travelling as passengers in the first coach on their way to {{rws|Gorton}}, Manchester.

There was heavy fog at the time of the accident, and at the subsequent [[Board of Trade]] inquiry there was some doubt as to how well driver Barnshaw knew the route.<ref>{{cite book |last=Yorke |first=Lt. Col. H.A. |author-link=Horatio Arthur Yorke |date=3 April 1905 |title=Metropolitan and Great Western Joint Railway |location=London |publisher=[[Board of Trade]] |url= http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_Aylesbury1904.pdf |access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref> What the inquiry did not touch on was that there had been a history of fast running of these newspaper trains, which had become an important traffic for the Great Central Railway. This dated back to the [[Boer War]] which had ended only two years earlier. The ''[[Manchester Guardian]]''{{'}}s stance on the Boer War had resulted in significant drops in circulation. London newspapers, led by the ''[[Daily Mail]]'', saw a significant business opportunity in the Manchester area, and sought to get their morning newspapers to Manchester in time to win a share of this market. These trains recorded fast times for the era, including an authenticated timing of 220 minutes for the {{convert|206|mi}} journey including stops.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url= http://www.lner.info/locos/D/d6.shtml |last=Marsden |first=Richard |title=The Pollitt Class D6 (GCR Class 11A) 4-4-0 Locomotives |encyclopedia=The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Encyclopaedia }}</ref>

Afterwards in 1908 the station was reconstructed and tracks at the curve were realigned.

===Station buildings===
The original station had one platform with a brick-built station building a canopy projected from the building over the platform supported on cast iron pillars. The cost of the station building was shared between the Wycombe Railway and the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway; the original plans are in Aylesbury local records office.

The current station buildings date from 1926, when the station was extensively rebuilt again—this time by the [[London and North Eastern Railway]]. Until nationalisation in 1948, Aylesbury station was operated by a joint committee whose constituents were also joint committees: the [[Great Western and Great Central Joint Railway|GWR & GCR Joint]] and the [[Metropolitan and Great Central Joint Railway|Metropolitan and GCR Joint]]; although the LNER had taken on the role of the former Great Central Railway in all three joint committees, these committees were not renamed.

====Motive Power Depot====
The Wycombe Railway opened a single-road engine shed fifty feet in length to the west of the station in 1863. This was extended to the rear shortly after and enlarged to a two-road shed by the Great Western Railway in 1871, around 1893 the saw tooth roof was added on the original walls; it was closed on 16 June 1962 and was demolished in 1967.<ref>{{cite book| first1=Roger| last1=Griffiths| first2=Paul| last2=Smith| title=The directory of British engine sheds: 1| publisher=Oxford Publishing Co.| year=1999| page=118| isbn=0-86093-542-6}}</ref>

A wooden water tank was positioned outside the locomotive shed from the station's opening, being replaced by a standard GWR water tank with decorative supports and coaling stage underneath in 1899; this itself was replaced by a Braithwaite tank in the mid-1950s.

The first mention of a locomotive at Aylesbury was of the broad-gauge loco ''Giraffe'' in 1863, a member of the [[GWR Sun Class|Sun]] class.

===1930s to the present day===
[[File:Aylesbury railway station 3.jpg|thumb|250px|Platform 3 with a train about to depart for Marylebone]]
[[File:Aylesbury railway station 2.jpg|thumb|250px|Platforms 3 and 2, looking south from the bridge]]
Until 1966 Aylesbury was an intermediate station on the former [[Great Central Main Line]] between London Marylebone and {{rws|Sheffield Victoria}} and on to [[Manchester Piccadilly railway station|Manchester London Road]] via the [[Woodhead Tunnel]]. Aylesbury was also on the Metropolitan Railway (later [[Metropolitan line]]) and through trains from [[Baker Street tube station|Baker Street]] to {{rws|Verney Junction}} operated until 1936. From 1948 to 1961 Aylesbury was the terminus of the Met's main line, on which trains had to change between electric and steam locomotives at Rickmansworth.<ref group=note>Initially at least, the Metropolitan Railway labelled its line from [[Paddington tube station (Circle and Hammersmith & City lines)|Bishop's Road Paddington]] to [[Farringdon tube station|Farringdon]] as the 'main line' and the line through St John's Wood and Swiss Cottage northwards as the 'branch'. Although the former lengthened to form the Hammersmith and City, running from Hammersmith to Barking, the latter had the characteristics of a main line railway in the twentieth century, with locomotive-hauled trains of large [[bogie]] carriages, including [[Pullman (car or coach)|Pullman cars]] for a time, running to [[Chesham tube station|Chesham]], Aylesbury and Verney Junction.</ref> Following electrification from Rickmansworth to [[Amersham tube station|Amersham]], Aylesbury was no longer served by London Underground trains. In 1966 [[British Rail]]ways closed the [[Great Central Main Line]] north of Aylesbury. Aylesbury was thus left with commuter services to London only. From the 1960s until the 1980s, passenger trains at Aylesbury were almost exclusively operated by [[British Rail Class 115]] diesel multiple units.

By the 1980s the lines serving Aylesbury were in a poor state. Aylesbury station itself was run down and needed refurbishment. [[Network SouthEast]] decided to refurbish the lines out of Marylebone, and Aylesbury received a new waiting room, new toilets and better lighting. Platform 4 was closed and the car park was extended. A new driver's staff room was established on platform 3 and a new heavy maintenance depot was built just north of the station. Aylesbury became the headquarters of the operational side of the Chiltern Line. (''For more information, see: [[Network SouthEast#Modernisation|Chiltern Line Modernisation]]'')

On 14 December 2008 {{convert|2|mi|0}} of the line north of Aylesbury was reopened for passenger service, with regular passenger services running north of the station for the first time since 1966. This serves the new {{rws|Aylesbury Vale Parkway}} station, which is situated on the northwestern outskirts of Aylesbury and is operated by [[Chiltern Railways]].

==Present layout==
Aylesbury station is laid out for through traffic, with hourly trains to/from Aylesbury Vale Parkway and waste freight trains to the [[landfill]] site at [[Calvert, Buckinghamshire|Calvert]] heading north. On selected days, usually bank holidays, special passenger services run to the [[Buckinghamshire Railway Centre]] at {{rws|Quainton Road}}. In addition there is a major repair and maintenance depot just north of the station, and several sidings.

There are three platforms. Platform 3 gives access to Amersham and London Marylebone only, whilst platform 1 gives access to Princes Risborough and London Marylebone via {{rws|High Wycombe}} only. Platform 2 can serve both routes. There was a bay platform (platform 4) that served as the terminus for Metropolitan trains and several freight sidings but the car park now lies on the trackbed and bike racks occupy the platform. The goods depot was to the west of the station and was demolished in the 1960s. Modern apartments now occupy the site.

The station is managed by Chiltern Railways, which has recently had automatic ticket gates installed. There are two FastTicket self-service ticket machines accepting cash and cards, a [[permit to travel]] machine and two ticket windows. There is a taxi rank outside the station. From 21 January 2008 the taxi rank was moved to the car park for 52 weeks as a result of major engineering work on the new Southcourt Bridge and the new Station Boulevard.

Seven [[List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes#First generation|first generation DMUs]] built in the late 1950s are based at Aylesbury.{{Citation needed|date= August 2008}} These units are jointly used by Chiltern Railways and [[Network Rail]] for route learning and [[Sandite]] duties. One unit was used solely for passenger services until 2017 to and from Princes Risborough.

All three station platforms have step-free access, with access to platforms 1 and 2 via a pair of lifts.

==Connection to Winslow, Milton Keynes, Bedford and Cambridge==
{{main|East West Rail}}
In 2004, a 'regional planning guidance' report by consultants for [[Buckinghamshire County Council]] concerning the development of Aylesbury Vale recommended further expansion of rail services to Bletchley and Bedford.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.southeast-ra.gov.uk/southeastplan/key/study_areas/draft_strategies/mkav/aylesbury_vale-draft_strategy.pdf 
 |title=AYLESBURY VALE 2026 - ADVICE ON SUBMISSIONS TO THE REVIEW OF RPG9 
 |date=October 2004 
 |access-date=24 July 2008 
 |publisher=Buckinghamshire County Council 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008215639/http://www.southeast-ra.gov.uk/southeastplan/key/study_areas/draft_strategies/mkav/aylesbury_vale-draft_strategy.pdf 
 |archive-date=8 October 2007 
}}</ref>  As part of the 'East West Rail' plan to reinstate the Oxford-Cambridge route, these services would be extended from the current freight-only line north of Aylesbury Vale Parkway to the new line via [[Claydon LNE Junction]] and terminate at {{rws|Milton Keynes Central}} or {{rws|Bedford}}.<!-- No plans for south-to-west chord at Claydon Junction, so no service to Oxford --> The Department for Transport endorsed the scheme in December 2017, with opening planned for 2024.<ref name=RTM141217>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/chancellor-accepts-east-west-rail-targets-and-strengthens-plans-with-extra-cash|title=Chancellor accepts East West Rail targets and strengthens plans with extra cash|magazine=Rail Technology Magazine}}</ref><ref name="Grayling">{{Cite web |last=King |first=Adam |date=2017-12-14 |title=Transport Secretary officially launches East West Railway Company at Bletchley Park |url=https://eastwestrail.org.uk/2017/12/14/transport-secretary-officially-launches-east-west-railway-company-bletchley-park/ |access-date= |website=East West Main Line Partnership}}</ref> However, in November 2020 it was reported that the Aylesbury leg may be dropped from the first phase.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.transportxtra.com/publications/local-transport-today/news/67154/east-west-rail-may-not-serve-aylesbury- |title = East West Rail 'may not serve Aylesbury' | date = 2 November 2020 | access-date = 28 November 2020 | work= Transport Extra}}</ref> 

In March 2021, the East West Rail Company announced that its opening plans for East West Rail have changed, notably deferring indefinitely a connection to Aylesbury.<ref name="Stages">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Connect Stages |url=https://eastwestrail.co.uk/the-project/connection-stages |publisher=East West Rail Ltd. }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Services==
All services at Aylesbury are operated by [[Chiltern Railways]]. Most services operate to [[Marylebone station|London Marylebone]] although services can take one of two routes running via either {{stnlnk|Amersham}} on the [[London-Aylesbury line]] or via  the [[Aylesbury–Princes Risborough line]], {{stnlnk|High Wycombe}} and the [[Chiltern Main Line]].

The current off-peak service is:<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.chilternrailways.co.uk/sites/default/files/files/timetables/5%20CR1905_ROUTECARD_4%20WEB.pdf|title= Timetable: London - Aylesbury via High Wycombe|work= Chiltern Railways, May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.chilternrailways.co.uk/sites/default/files/files/timetables/5%20CR1905_ROUTECARD_4%20WEB.pdf|title= Timetable: London - Aylesbury via Amersham|work= Chiltern Railways, May 2019}}</ref>
* 2 tph to [[Marylebone station|London Marylebone]] via {{stnlnk|Amersham}}
* 1 tph to [[Marylebone station|London Marylebone]] via {{stnlnk|High Wycombe}}
* 1 tph to {{stnlnk|Aylesbury Vale Parkway}}

During peak hours additional shuttle services run to and from {{stnlnk|Princes Risborough}} and there are additional services to/from London via the London-Aylesbury line that do not call at some of the stations nearer London (those shared with the [[Metropolitan line]]).

On Sundays, the services on the London-Aylesbury line are reduced to 1 train per hour.

During Bank Holidays in Spring and Summer there is a frequent shuttle service to [[Quainton Road railway station|Quainton Road]].

{{adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system1=National Rail
|note-row1=
{{s-rail-national|previous=Aylesbury Vale Parkway|next=Stoke Mandeville|toc= Chiltern Railways|route=[[London–Aylesbury line]]}}
{{S-rail-national |next=Little Kimble|toc=Chiltern Railways|route=[[Aylesbury–Princes Risborough line]]}}
|header3=Future services
{{rail line |previous={{rws|Aylesbury Vale Parkway}} |route=[[East West Rail]]<br /><small>Aylesbury-Milton Keynes Central</small> |col={{temporary rail colour}} }}
|header5=Disused railways
{{rail line |next={{rws|Stoke Mandeville}}<br /><small>Line and station open</small> |previous={{rws|Waddesdon}}<br /><small>Line and station closed</small> |route=[[Great Central Railway]]<br /><small>[[Great Central Main Line|London Extension]]</small> |col={{GCR colour}} }}
|system6 = London Underground
|note-row6 = 
{{rail line |route=[[Metropolitan Railway]]<br /><small>1892-1896</small> |col={{rcr|London Underground|Metropolitan Railway}}|next={{stnlnk|Stoke Mandeville}} |rows2=3}}
{{rail line |previous={{rws|Quainton Road}} |route=[[Metropolitan Railway]]<br /><small>1896-1897</small> |col={{rcr|London Underground|Metropolitan Railway}}|next={{stnlnk|Stoke Mandeville}} |hide2=yes}}
{{rail line |previous={{rws|Waddesdon}} |route=[[Metropolitan Railway]]<br /><small>1897-1936</small> |col={{rcr|London Underground|Metropolitan Railway}}|next={{stnlnk|Stoke Mandeville}} |hide2=yes}}
|line9 = Metropolitan|note-mid9=1936-1943|right9=Stoke Mandeville
|line10 = Metropolitan|note-mid10=1943-1948|left10=Quainton Road|to-left10=Quainton Road|right10=Stoke Mandeville
|line11 = Metropolitan|note-mid11=1948-1960|right11=Stoke Mandeville
}}

==Onward connections==
[[Aylesbury bus station]] is a two-minute walk from the station. Buses, the majority of which are operated by [[Arriva Herts & Essex]], depart to several destinations across Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Oxfordshire, including [[Stoke Mandeville Hospital]], [[Milton Keynes]], [[Oxford]], [[Tring]], [[Watford]], [[Luton]] and [[Leighton Buzzard]]. Bus departure times are displayed on screens outside the rail station's departure lounge as well as at the bus station itself.

The [[Aylesbury–Princes Risborough line]] offers connections to High Wycombe, Bicester, Banbury and Birmingham. This route was greatly improved by "Project Evergreen" - the re-dualing and speeding-up of Marylebone - Risborough - Birmingham track and services. Since 2015 Risborough has also had access to direct Oxford trains via a new junction at [[Bicester Village railway station|Bicester Village.]]

==See also==
* [[Aylesbury High Street railway station]]
**[[Cheddington to Aylesbury Line]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{Butt-Stations}}
*{{Jowett-Nationalised}}
*{{Jowett-Atlas}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Aylesbury railway station}}
{{stn art lrnk|AYS|HP201RU}}
*[http://www.chilternrailways.co.uk/ Chiltern Railways]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080201004717/http://www.eastwestrail.org/ East West Rail Consortium]
*[http://www.npemap.org.uk/tiles/map.html#480,213,1 Station on navigable O.S. map]

{{Metropolitan line navbox}}
{{Railway Stations served by Chiltern Railways}}
{{Railway stations in Buckinghamshire}}
{{Closed London Underground stations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aylesbury Railway Station}}
[[Category:Metropolitan line stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:DfT Category D stations]]
[[Category:Former Great Western and Great Central Joint Railway stations]]
[[Category:Former Metropolitan and Great Central Joint Railway stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863]]
[[Category:Railway stations served by Chiltern Railways]]
[[Category:Aylesbury]]
[[Category:East West Rail]]
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