Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Historical park in the city of Lahore, Pakistan}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox park
| name             = Bagh-e-Jinnah<br/>{{Nastaliq|باغِ جناح}}
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| native_name      = {{Nastaliq|باغِ جناح}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| image            = Bagh-e-Jinnah Lahore Pakistan.jpg
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| map              = Pakistan Lahore#Pakistan
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| location         = [[The Mall, Lahore|The Mall]], [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
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| coordinates      = {{coord|31.5537|N|74.3313|E|region:PK_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
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| area             = {{convert|141|acre|km2}}<ref>{{cite news|author1=Ali Raza|title=Rare trees murdered for Bagh-e-Jinnah sewer|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/22526-rare-trees-murdered-for-bagh-e-jinnah-sewer|access-date=1 May 2017|work=thenews.com.pk|date=6 February 2015|language=en}}</ref>
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| established      = 1860
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| etymology        = ''The Garden of Jinnah'' is named after Quaid-e-Azam [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], founder of Pakistan. Earlier, it was named after [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]], [[Viceroy of India]].<ref>{{cite news|author1=Yaqoob Khan Bangash|title=The unfortunate Lawrence {{!}} TNS – The News on Sunday|url=http://tns.thenews.com.pk/the-unfortunate-john-lawrence/|access-date=1 May 2017|work=tns.thenews.com.pk|date=7 December 2014|archive-date=31 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831091921/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/the-unfortunate-john-lawrence/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| administrator    = [[Parks and Horticulture Authority]]
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'''''Bagh-e-Jinnah''''' ({{lang-ur|باغِ جناح||[[Jinnah]] Garden}}), formerly known as '''Lawrence Gardens''', is a historical park in the city of [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]. The large [[Open space reserve|green space]] contains a [[botanical]] garden, Masjid Dar-ul-Islam,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamicfinder.org/getitWorld.php?id=45526 |title=Jamia Masjid Dar-ul-Islam (Bagh-e-Jinnah), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan – Islamic Centers, Masjids Mosques, Muslim Owned Businesses, Islamic Schools and Colleges |publisher=Islamicfinder.org |date=2004-06-27 |access-date=2013-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C01%5C11%5Cstory_11-1-2006_pg7_20 |title=Leading News Resource of Pakistan |work=Daily Times|date=2006-01-11 |access-date=2013-05-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927122430/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C01%5C11%5Cstory_11-1-2006_pg7_20 |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> and [[Quaid-e-Azam Library]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact Us {{!}} Quaid -e-Azam Library |url=https://qal.punjab.gov.pk/contact_us |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=qal.punjab.gov.pk}}</ref>

[[File:Ali Imran-Walking Trail in Lawrence Gardens (Bagh-e-Jinnah) June 4 2004.jpg|thumb|750px|Walking trail in Bagh-e-Jinnah]]
There are also [[entertainment]] and [[sport]]s facilities within the park: an open-air theater, a restaurant, [[tennis court]]s and the [[Lahore Gymkhana Club|Gymkhana]] [[Cricket field|Cricket Ground]]. It is located on Lawrence Road next to [[Lahore Zoo]], directly across from the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Governor's]] House on [[The Mall (Lahore)|The Mall]].

==History==
[[File:A fountain in Bagh-e-Jinnah.jpg|thumb|200px|A fountain in the Bagh-e-Jinnah park]]
The site was originally occupied by the Agri-Horticultural Society of the Punjab and had been planned as a [[botanical garden]] modelled on [[Kew Gardens]] in [[London]].<ref name="Changing concepts of garden design in Lahore">REHMAN, ABDUL. "CHANGING CONCEPTS OF GARDEN DESIGN IN LAHORE FROM MUGHAL TO CONTEMPORARY TIMES". Garden History, vol. 37, no. 2, 2009, pp. 205–217. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27821596. Accessed 19 February 2021.</ref> The garden was named after [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence]], who served as the first [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Chief Commissioner]] and then [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Lieutenant Governor]] of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], and who later became [[Viceroy of India]] from 1864 to 1869.<ref>[http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/lawrencegardens.htm Lawrence Gardens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006025455/http://www.gardenvisit.com/ge/lawrencegardens.htm |date=6 October 2007 }} at Garden Visit website. (Retrieved 27 March 2007)</ref>

By 1860, when the first part of Lawrence Gardens had been laid out, the site had become a wilderness, partly used as a [[menagerie]] and the rest as a pleasure ground for badminton, archery and cricket. The first tree planted in the garden was in January 1862 and that same year Lawrence Hall was constructed for holding public meetings and theatrical entertainment.<ref name="Changing concepts of garden design in Lahore"/> In 1866 Montgomery Hall was also completed and in 1868 the site enlarged through the purchase of land to the south of the gardens. By 1876 the garden contained 80,000 trees and shrubs of 600 different species including trees from the plains of India, Austria, Syria and southern Europe.<ref name="Changing concepts of garden design in Lahore"/>

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Lawrence Garden began selling plants it had grown to the general public. Fruit trees were imported from across the [[British Empire]], including grapes and mulberries from [[Kabul]], peaches from [[Agra]] and plantain from [[Calcutta]].<ref name="Changing concepts of garden design in Lahore"/> In 1904 the Department of Agriculture became responsible for maintenance of the garden and since 1912 approximately seven acres have been managed by [[Government College University, Lahore]].<ref name="Changing concepts of garden design in Lahore"/>

Following [[Partition of India|Partition]] and the creation of [[Pakistan]], Lawrence Gardens was renamed '''Bagh-e-Jinnah''' in honour of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. A statue of Lawrence, standing outside the nearby Lahore High Court, was removed in August 1951 and later moved to [[Foyle and Londonderry College]] in [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yaqoob Khan Bangash |title=The unfortunate Lawrence |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/557620-the-unfortunate-john-lawrence |website=The News on Sunday |access-date=19 February 2021 |date=7 December 2014}}</ref> Lawrence and Montgomery Halls were repurposed for the [[Quaid-e-Azam Library]] in 1984.<ref>{{Citation|quote=25 December 1984, the then President General Mohammad Ziaul Haq officially inaugurated the Quaid-e-Azam Library|title=A profile of the Quaid-e-Azam Library}}</ref>

==Geography==
The gardens are currently situated within {{convert|141|acre|km2}}. The site was originally larger, consisting of {{convert|176|acre|km2}}, however part of the land was given to [[Lahore Zoo]], and for local development.

==Botany==
[[File:Pterygota alata, Bagh-e-Jinnah.jpg|thumb|''[[Pterygota alata]]'' in Bagh-e-Jinnah]]
It has almost 150 varieties of trees, 140 types of shrubs, 50 types of creepers, 30 palms, almost 100 succulent and about same indoor along with almost all varieties of annual flowers. The garden has a good name in Chrysanthemum shows, it was the first institute that started growing chrysanthemum and maximum no of varieties for it. It has 3 nurseries, 4 hilloaks in it.

==Information and services==
*Bagh-e-Jinnah has two libraries, Quaid-e-Azam library and Darusalam in it.
*Regarding collection of trees, shrubs and climbers a book has been published by Ch. Muhammad Tariq (DDA Jinnah Garden, Muhammad Ramzan Rafique (Agricultural Officer) and Dr. Muhammad Afzal (Instructor). (Flora of Jinnah Garden) This book contains common name, botanical name, flower time, type of plant (deciduous or evergreen), flowering color of each plant along with its picture. Furthermore, this book contains selective pictures from palm garden, annual flowers in this garden. This book can be obtained from the office of Jinnah Garden.
* The park receives a nostalgic mention of the 1970s and 1980s life in [[Bano Qudsia]]'s [[Urdu]] novel ''[[Raja Gidh]]''.
* The Park has a Tomb of a saint named Peer Sakhi Abul Faizul Hassan commonly known as Baba Turat Muraad Shah, with a heavy number of visitors.
* The park has a track of 2.65 kilometers.

== Cricket ground ==
{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name      = Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore
| nickname          = 
| image             = 
| location          = [[Lahore]], Punjab, [[Pakistan]]
| broke_ground      = 
| opened            = 
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| owner             = [[Pakistan Cricket Board]]
| operator          = 
| surface           = Grass
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}}
Bagh-e-Jinnah park is a famous [[cricket]] ground since 1885, built for the entertainment of government officers and civil servants.<ref>Imtiaz Sipra (2000), [http://content-www.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/story/92514.html Bagh-e-Jinnah Cricket Ground: Where the twain shall always meet], Cricinfo, 24 November. (Retrieved 27 March 2007)</ref> [[Lahore Gymkhana Club]] had regular fixtures here. The ground played host to friendly matches, competitive fixtures and host to [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]]'s first unofficial Test against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] in 1948. A few more unofficial [[Test cricket|Tests]] later, Bagh-e-Jinnah became a [[List of Test cricket grounds|Test venue]] when Pakistan took on [[India national cricket team|India]] in [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1954–55|1954–55]]. [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of New Zealand vs Pakistan 2nd Test 1955/56 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-pakistan-1955-56-62113/pakistan-vs-new-zealand-2nd-test-62800/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> and West Indies<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of West Indies vs Pakistan 3rd Test 1958/59 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-pakistan-1958-59-61923/pakistan-vs-west-indies-3rd-test-62857/full-scorecard |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> also played a Test here before Bagh-e-Jinnah lost its Test status as it played second fiddle to [[Gaddafi Stadium]] but still hosts tour matches involving visiting nations, especially [[England]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagh-e-Jinnah {{!}} Pakistan {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/ground/58965.html |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

== Images ==

Below are some pictures of Bagh-e-Jinnah:

{|
|-
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[[File:Quaid-e-azam library001.jpg|thumb|150px|{{center| Quaid-e-Azam Library}}]]
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[[File:Quaid-e-azam Library at night.jpg|thumb|140px|{{center| Quaid-e-Azam Library}}]]
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[[Image:Quaid-e-Azam Library in Jinnah Garden.jpg|thumb|140px|{{center| Quaid-e-Azam Library}}]]
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[[File:Lahore Gymkhana.2.jpg|thumb|140px|Cricket Ground Pavilion]]
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[[File:Ali Imran-Tennis Courts in Lawrence Gardens (Bagh-e-Jinnah) June 4 2004.jpg|thumb|140px|{{center| Tennis courts}}]]
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[[File:Ali Imran-The Mosque in Lawrence Gardens (Bagh-e-Jinnah) June 4 2004.jpg|thumb|140px|{{center| The mosque}}]]
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[[File:Ali Imran-Walking Trail in Lawrence Gardens (Bagh-e-Jinnah) June 4 2004-4.jpg|thumb|140px|{{center| Walking Trail}}]]
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[[File:Ali Imran-Walking Trail in Lawrence Gardens (Bagh-e-Jinnah) June 4 2004-2.jpg|thumb|140px|{{center| Walking Trail}}]]
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|-

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[[File:Ali Imran-Walking Trail in Lawrence Gardens (Bagh-e-Jinnah) June 4 2004-3.jpg|thumb|140px|{{center| Walking Trail}}]]
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[[File:Quaid-e-Azam Library-side view.jpg|thumb|160px|{{center| Side view of Library}}]]
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[[File:Montgomery Hall 1890s.jpg|thumb|140px|{{center| Montgomery Hall 1890s taken by John Burke}}]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Bagh (garden)|Bāgh]]
* [[List of parks and gardens in Lahore]]
* [[List of parks and gardens in Pakistan]]
* [[List of parks and gardens in Karachi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bagh-e-Jinnah}}
* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/22/1512.html Bagh-e-Jinnah] at CricketArchive
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/ground/58965.html Bagh-e-Jinnah] at [[Cricinfo]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150817063830/http://www.lahoregymkhana.com.pk/about-lahore-gymkhana/introduction/ The Lahore Gymkhana]
* Bagh-e-Jinnah (Lahore Gymkhana), [https://web.archive.org/web/20061121083210/http://worldstadia.com/stadium/pakistan/bagh-e-jinnah_%28lahore_gymkhana%29/961.php WorldStadia]

{{The Mall, Lahore}}
{{Jinnah}}
{{Cultural heritage sites in Punjab, Pakistan |state=autocollapse}}
{{Cricket grounds in Pakistan}}
{{LahoreTopics}}

[[Category:Lahore]]
[[Category:Gardens in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Botanical gardens in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Parks in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Test cricket grounds in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Lahore]]
[[Category:Cricket grounds in Pakistan]]
[[Category:The Mall, Lahore]]
[[Category:Memorials to Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
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