Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Bahawalpur District

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Bahawalpur
| official_name            = Bahawalpur
| native_name              = {{Nastaliq|ضلع بہاول پور}}
| native_name_lang         = 
| settlement_type          = [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|District]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
| image_skyline            = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Traveler Of An Unknown Destination - Derawar Fort.jpg
|photo2a = Front Elevation of Noor Mahal.jpg
}}
| image_alt                = 
| image_caption            = Top: [[Derawar Fort]]<br>Bottom: [[Noor Mahal]], [[Bahawalpur]]
| image_map                = Pakistan - Punjab - Bahawalpur.svg
| map_alt                  = 
| map_caption              = Map of Bahawalpur District highlighted in red
| coordinates              = 
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Provinces of Pakistan|Province]]
| subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Punjab}}
| subdivision_type2        = [[Divisions of Pakistan|Division]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
| founder                  = 
| seat_type                = Headquarters
| seat                     = [[Bahawalpur]]
| government_footnotes     = 
| unit_pref                = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_rank                = 
| area_total_km2           = 24830
| population_footnotes     = <ref name="2023census" />
| population_as_of         = [[2023 Pakistani census|2023]]
| population_total         = 4,284,964
| population_density_km2   = auto
| timezone1                = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PKT]]
| utc_offset1              = +5
| established_title        = Established
| established_date         = 
| government_type          = District Administration
| leader_party             = 
| leader_title             = [[Deputy Commissioner (Pakistan)|Deputy Commissioner]]
| leader_name              = Irfan Ali Kathia
| leader_title1            = District Police Officer
| leader_name1             = N/A
| leader_title2            = District Health Officer
| leader_name2             = N/A
| blank_name               = Number of [[List of tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan|Tehsils]]
| blank_info               = 6
| blank1_name              = Tehsils
| blank1_info              = [[Bahawalpur City Tehsil|Bahawalpur City]]<br>[[Ahmadpur East Tehsil|Ahmedpur Sharqia]]<br>[[Hasilpur Tehsil|Hasilpur]]<br>[[Khairpur Tamiwali Tehsil|Khairpur Tamewali]]<br>[[Yazman Tehsil|Yazman]]<br>[[Bahawalpur Saddar Tehsil|Bahawalpur Saddar]]
| blank2_name              = Languages
| blank2_info              = [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]]
| website                  = {{URL|https://bahawalpur.punjab.gov.pk/}}
}}

'''Bahawalpur District''' ({{lang|ur|{{nq|ضلع بہاول پور}}}}) is a [[Districts of Pakistan|district]] of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], Pakistan, with capital the city of [[Bahawalpur]]. According to the 1998 Census it had a population of 2,433,091, of which 27.01% were urban.<ref>[http://www.urckarachi.org/Population%20Table-5.htm Urban Resource Centre] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513113007/http://www.urckarachi.org/Population%20Table-5.htm |date=2006-05-13 }}</ref> Bahawalpur district covers 24,830&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahawalpur |url=https://www.punjab.gov.pk/bahawalpur |access-date=17 August 2022 |website=Punjab Portal}}</ref> Approximately two-thirds of the district (16,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) is covered by the [[Cholistan Desert]], which extends into the [[Thar Desert]] of India. The district is a major producer of cotton.

Located in the south of the Punjab province, Bahawalpur district is bordered by [[India]] to its south and southeast, [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]] to its northeast, [[Vehari District|Vehari]], [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]] and [[Multan District|Multan]] to its north, [[Rahimyar Khan District|Rahimyar Khan]] to its west, and [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]] to its northwest.

==History==
{{main|Bahawalpur (princely state)}}
[[File:Abbasi_mosque_-_View_from_Derawar_Fort.jpg|thumb|Abbasi Masjid near [[Derawar Fort]]]]
[[File:Derawar Fort 3 by gul791.jpg|thumb|right|[[Derawar Fort]] in [[Cholistan Desert]]]]

In 711 [[A.D.]] the various parts of Punjab and the whole Sindh came under the Arab rule when [[Muhammad ibn Qasim|Muhammad Bin Qasim]] conquered [[Sindh]], [[Multan]] and surrounding areas of Shorkot. The region came securely under the control of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]. The tribes known as [[Arain]] in the region sometimes claim descent from the Arab soldiers who accompanied Muhammad Bin Qasim.

[[Mahmud of Ghazni|Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi]] took over the region in 997 C.E. for the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid dynasty]] empire established by his father, [[Sabuktigin|Sultan Sebuktegin]]. He conquered the [[Hindu Shahis|Shahis]] in [[Kabul]] in 1005 and followed it by the conquest of Punjab. The [[Delhi Sultanate]] and later [[Mughal Empire]] ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly [[Muslim]] due to [[missionary]] [[Sufi]] saints whose [[dargah]]s dot the landscape of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. During the period of [[British Raj|British rule]], Bahawalpur District increased in population and importance.

The district capital [[Bahawalpur]], which lies just south of the Sutlej River, was founded in 1748 by Muhammad Bahawal Khan and was incorporated as a municipality in 1874.  After the decline of the [[Mughal Empire]], the [[Sikh Empire]] invaded some towns of modern Pakistan's Punjab province but Bahawalpur had a stronghold of the state's Abbasi nawabs in the city management and the town was free of [[Sikh Empire]].{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} In 1836 Bahawalpur stopped paying tribute to Sikh empire. The state's army had defend the territory and openly declared independence. The founder of the State of Bahawalpur was Nawab Bahawal Khan Abbasi I. The Abbasi family ruled over the State for more than 200 years (1748 to 1954). During the rule of the last Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V, Bahawalpur State was merged with Pakistan. During the 1960s (1954) the Nawab agreed (Agreement dated 3 October 1947) for Bahawalpur to be absorbed into modern Pakistan. He was however given special privileges including the right to import several cars duty-free each year. Bahawalpur was formerly the capital of the state and now is the District and Divisional Headquarters of Bahawalpur Division.

The Nawabs of Bahawalpur originally came from Sindh and claimed descent from the [[Abbasid]] [[caliph]] of [[Baghdad]]; they formed a princely state and assumed independence in 1802.

The predominantly Muslim population supported [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] and [[Pakistan Movement]].  After the [[Partition of India|independence]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, the minority [[Hindu]]s and [[Sikh]]s migrated to [[India]] while the [[Muslim]] refugees from [[India]] settled in Bahawalpur District.

==Geography==
Bahawalpur is located in the southeast of Punjab province, the capital, Bahawalpur city, is 889&nbsp;km from Karachi. The region surrounding Bahawalpur to the west, called the Sindh, is a fertile alluvial tract in the Sutlej River valley that is irrigated by floodwaters, planted with groves of date palms, and thickly populated. The chief crops are wheat, gram, cotton, sugarcane, and dates. Sheep and cattle are raised for export of wool and hides. East of Bahawalpur is the Pat, or Bar, a tract of land considerably higher than the adjoining valley. It is chiefly desert irrigated by the Sutlej inundation canals and yields crops of wheat, cotton, and sugarcane. Farther east, the Rohi, or Cholistan, is a barren desert tract, bounded on the north and west by the Hakra depression with mound ruins of old settlements along its high banks; it is still inhabited by nomads. The principal inhabitants of the region surrounding Bahawalpur are [[Arain]], [[Jat]] and [[Baloch people|Baluchi]] peoples. There are many historical sites in the area, including Uch, southwest of Bahawalpur, an ancient town dating from Indo-Scythian (Yüeh-chih) settlement (c. 128 BC to AD 450).

Bahawalpur is also an important agricultural training and educational center. Soapmaking and cotton ginning are important enterprises; cotton, silk, embroidery, carpets, and extraordinarily delicate pottery are produced. Factories producing cottonseed oil and cottonseed cake were built in the 1970s. It is an important marketing centre for the surrounding areas and is located on the crossroads between Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta and Karachi. Bahawalpur is also known for its distinctly embroidered slippers and shoes and the filigree pottery which is made here.

The city of Bahawalpur is located favourably for commerce, lying at the junction of trade routes from the east, south-east, and south. It is a centre for trade in wheat, cotton, millet, and rice grown in the surrounding region. Dates and mangoes are also grown here. Canals supply water for irrigation. The principal industries are cotton ginning, rice and flour milling, and the handweaving of textiles.

=== Cholistan Desert ===
{{Main|Cholistan Desert}}
East of Bahawalpur is the Cholistan Desert which covers about an area of 20,000&nbsp;km&nbsp;<sup>2</sup> of Bahawalpur and 1000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of [[Rahim Yar Khan]] and extends into the Thar Desert of India. The region was once watered by the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Hakra River]]. At one time there were 400 forts in the area and archaeological finds around the [[Derawar Fort]], the only place with a perennial waterhole, indicate that it was contemporaneous with the Indus Valley Civilisation. The average annual rainfall is only 12&nbsp;cm, and the little cultivation that exists is made possible by underground wells, drawn up by the camels. The water is stored in troughs, built by the tribes, between sandhills and din waterholes called tobas. The forts here were built at 29&nbsp;km intervals, which probably served as guard posts for the camel caravan routes. There were three rows of these forts. The first line of forts began from Phulra and went to Lera, the second from Rukhanpur to Islamgarh, and the third from Bilcaner to Kapoo. They are all in ruins now, and you can see that they were built with double walls of gypsum blocks and mud. Some of them date back to 1000 BCE, and were destroyed and rebuilt many times.

==Administration==
The district is administratively divided into five [[tehsil]]s and 107 [[Union Councils of Pakistan|Union Councils]]:<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=3&dn=Bahawalpur|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805235154/http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=3&dn=Bahawalpur|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-05|title=NRB: Local Government Elections|date=2012-08-05|work=archive.is|access-date=2018-03-01}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name of Tehsil
! No of Unions
|-
| [[Ahmadpur East Tehsil|Ahmedpur Sharqia]]
| 31
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Tehsil|Bahawalpur]]
| 36
|-
| [[Hasilpur Tehsil|Hasilpur]]
| 14
|-
| [[Khairpur Tamiwali Tehsil|Khairpur Tamewali]]
| 8
|-
| [[Yazman Tehsil|Yazman]]
| 18
|-
| Total
| 107
|}

==Demographics==

{{Historical populations
|align=center
|percentages=pagr
|1951 |527837
|1961 |735524
|1972 |1071026
|1981 |1453438
|1998 |2433091
|2017 |3669176
|2023 |4284964
|footnote= Sources:<ref>{{cite web |title=Population by administrative units 1951-1998 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/1998/administrative_units.pdf |publisher = [[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>
}}

At the time of the 2017 census, Bahawalpur district had 576,973 households and a population of 3,669,176. Bahawalpur had a sex ratio of 952 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 50.27% - 58.25% for males and 41.93% for females. 1,172,162 (31.95%) lived in urban areas. 1,062,204 (28.95%) were under 10 years of age.<ref name="2017census">{{cite web |title=District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2017) |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/census-2017-district-wise |website=www.pbscensus.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=2024-01-12}}</ref> In 2023, the district had 674,155 households and a population of 4,284,964.<ref name="2023census">{{cite web |date=2023 |title=TABLE 1 : HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=www.pbscensus.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>

=== Religion ===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Bahawalpur district (2017)<ref name="2017census"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float = left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Punjabi Muslims|Islam]]|green|98.34}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Punjab, Pakistan|Hinduism]]|darkorange|1.12}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Punjab, Pakistan|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.48}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.06}}
}}

[[Punjabi Muslims|Muslims]] were the predominant religious community with 98.34% of the population while [[Hinduism in Punjab, Pakistan|Hindus]] (including Scheduled Castes) were 1.12% of the population, living mainly in rural areas. Christians (0.48%) are another small minority, mainly in urban areas, and the reminaing population is Ahmadis and Sikhs.<ref name="2017census" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ ''Religion in Bahawalpur District{{efn|1941 data is for [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur State]]. Historic borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}''
|-
! Religion
! Population (1941)<ref name="BahawalpurState1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE|access-date=19 August 2022}}</ref>{{rp|42}}
! Percentage (1941)
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 1,098,814
|{{Percentage | 1098814 | 1341209 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1941 census: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 174,408
|{{Percentage | 174408 | 1341209 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 46,945
|{{Percentage | 46945 | 1341209 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 3,048
|{{Percentage | 3048 | 1341209 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jainism]]
| 351
|{{Percentage | 351 | 1341209 | 2 }}
|-
| Others {{efn|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], or not stated}}
| 17,643
|{{Percentage | 17643 | 1341209 | 2 }}
|-
| '''Total Population'''
| '''1,341,209'''
| '''{{Percentage | 1341209 | 1341209 | 2 }}'''
|}

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages of Bahawalpur district (2017)<ref name="2017census"/>
|label1 = [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] |value1 = 67.06 |color1 = firebrick
|label2 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value2 = 25.10 |color2 = red
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 5.67 |color3 = green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 2.17 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2017 census, 67.06% of the population spoke [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], 25.10% [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] and 5.67% [[Urdu]] as their first language. In the south, the [[Riasti dialect|Riasti]] dialect blends into [[Marwari language|Marwari]] spoken in India's Rajasthan state.<ref name="2017census" />

==Transportation==
Buses run daily between Bahawalpur and other major cities of Pakistan. Pakistan's longest national highway, N-5, also passes through town, connecting Bahawalpur to Karachi and Lahore.

==Economy==
The main crops for which Bahawalpur is recognized are cotton, sugarcane, wheat, sunflower seeds, rape/mustard seed, and rice. Bahawalpur mangoes, citrus, dates, and guavas are some of the fruits exported out of the country. Vegetables include onions, tomatoes, cauliflower, potatoes, and carrots. Being an expanding industrial city, the government has revolutionized and liberalized various markets allowing the caustic soda, cotton ginning and pressing, flour mills, fruit juices, general engineering, iron, and steel re-rolling mills, looms, oil mills, poultry feed, sugar, textile spinning, textile weaving, vegetable ghee and cooking oil industries to flourish.

==See also==
{{Portal|Geography|Pakistan}}
* [[Bahawalpur Airport]]
* [[Bahawalpur railway station]]
* [[India–Pakistan relations]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Commons category|Bahawalpur District}}
{{Wikivoyage|Punjab (Pakistan)}}
{{reflist}}

{{coord|28|50|N|71|40|E|region:PK_type:adm3rd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}}

{{Neighbourhoods of Bahawalpur}}
{{Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bahawalpur District| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
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