Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:BlackBerry Limited

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Canadian technology company}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Lead too short|date=April 2021}}
{{Technical|date=October 2022}}
{{advert|date=February 2023}}
}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = BlackBerry Limited
| logo = Blackberry Logo.svg
| image = BlackBerry Limited Waterloo Campus.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = BlackBerry headquarters in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{TSX|BB}}|{{NYSE|BB}}}}
| former_names = Research in Motion Limited (1984–2013)
| founders = {{unbulleted list|[[Mike Lazaridis]]|[[Douglas Fregin]]}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1984|3|7}}<br />[[Waterloo, Ontario]], Canada
| hq_location_city = [[Waterloo, Ontario]]
| hq_location_country = [[Canada]]
| industry = [[Software industry|Software]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = John Giamatteo <br/ >(CEO)<ref name=linkedin-ceo />
| products = {{unbulleted list|[[BlackBerry]]|[[BBM (software)|BlackBerry Messenger]]|[[BlackBerry Enterprise Server]]|[[BlackBerry Internet Service]]|[[QNX]]}}
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{Decrease}} {{US$|718 million|link=yes}} (2022)}}<ref name=10K>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1070235/000107023522000048/bbry-20220228.htm |title=US SEC: BlackBerry Limited Form 10-K|date=April 1, 2022 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{nowrap|{{Increase}} {{US$|−2 million}} (2022)}}<ref name=10K />
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{Increase}} {{US$|12 million}} (2022)}}<ref name=10K />
| assets = {{nowrap|{{Decrease}} {{US$|2.57 billion}} (2022)}}<ref name=10K />
| equity = {{nowrap|{{Increase}} {{US$|1.56 billion}} (2022)}}<ref name=10K />
| num_employees = 3,225 (2022)<ref name=10K />
| subsid = [[Cylance]]
| homepage = {{Official URL}}
}}

'''BlackBerry Limited''' (formerly '''Research In Motion''') is a Canadian software company specializing in cybersecurity. Founded in 1984, it originally developed the [[BlackBerry]] brand of [[Interactive Pager|interactive pagers]], [[smartphone]]s and [[Tablet computer|tablets]]. In 2016, it transitioned to a cybersecurity enterprise software and services company under CEO [[John S. Chen]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cyberscoop.com/inside-blackberrys-long-reinvention/|title=BlackBerry says pivot to security is beginning to right the ship|date=November 11, 2016|work=Cyberscoop|access-date=June 13, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> Its products are used by various businesses, car manufacturers, and government agencies to prevent hacking and [[ransomware]] attacks. They include the [[Cylance|BlackBerry Cylance]], the [[QNX]] [[real-time operating system]]; [[BlackBerry Enterprise Server]] (BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager), and a [[Unified Endpoint Management]] (UEM) platform.<!-- Maybe put this somewhere: Originally known for its BlackBerry brand of smartphones and tablets, the company transitioned to providing software and services and holds critical software application patents. -->

==History==

===1984–2001: early years and growth===
[[File:Research In Motion Logo.svg|thumb|right|Logo as Research In Motion, used prior to January 30, 2013]]
'''Research In Motion Limited''' was founded in March 1984 by [[Mike Lazaridis]] and [[Douglas Fregin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/01/28/rim-a-brief-history-from-budgie-to-blackberry-10/|title=RIM: A brief history from Budgie to BlackBerry 10|work=[[Engadget]]|date=January 28, 2013|access-date=March 10, 2016}}</ref> At the time, Lazaridis was an engineering student at the [[University of Waterloo]] while Fregin was an engineering student at the [[University of Windsor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackberry.com/select/get_the_facts/pdfs/rim/rim_history.pdf|title=Research In Motion History|publisher=Blackberry.com|access-date=November 5, 2013|archive-date=July 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711073615/http://www.blackberry.com/select/get_the_facts/pdfs/rim/rim_history.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1988, RIM became the first wireless data technology developer in [[North America]] and the first company outside Scandinavia to develop connectivity products for [[Mobitex]] wireless packet-switched data communications networks. Mobitex's wireless data transport also became RIM's first wireless data service that powered the Blackberry and Palm devices until it was phased out.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibson |first=Jerry D. |title=Mobile Communications Handbook |publisher=CRC Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4398-1724-7 |edition=3rd |location=Boca Raton, FL |pages=412 |language=en}}</ref> In 1990, RIM introduced the [[DigiSync]] Film KeyKode Reader.<ref name="verge" /> In 1991, it introduced the first Mobitex protocol converter. In 1992, it introduced the first Mobitex point-of-sale solution, a protocol converter box that interfaced with existing point-of-sale terminal equipment to enable wireless communication. In 1993, it introduced the RIMGate, the first general-purpose Mobitex X.25 gateway. In the same year, it launched Ericsson Mobidem AT and Intel wireless modems containing RIM modem firmware. In 1994, it introduced the first Mobitex mobile point-of-sale terminal. In the same year, it received the Emmy Award for Technical Innovation and the KPMG High Technology Award. In 1995, it introduced Freedom, the first Type II PCMCIA radio modem for Mobitex.

In 1995, RIM was financed by Canadian institutional and venture capital investors through a private placement in the privately held company. Working Ventures Canadian Fund Inc. led the first venture round<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cantechletter.com/2010/03/my-1996-investment-in-rim-adam-adamou-remembers/|title=Meet the man who invested in Research in Motion in 1996|last=Waddell|first=Nick|work=[[Cantech Letter]]|date=March 29, 2010}}</ref> with a [[Canadian dollar|C$]]5,000,000 investment with the proceeds being used to complete the development of RIM's two-way paging system hardware and software. A total of C$30,000,000 in pre-IPO financing was raised by the company prior to its initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange in January 1998 under the symbol RIM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blackberrynationbook.com/index.php/BlackBerry_Nation_Sample_Chapter#Financing_The_BlackBerry|title=Financing the BlackBerry|publisher=Blackberrynationbook.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104104534/http://blackberrynationbook.com/index.php/BlackBerry_Nation_Sample_Chapter#Financing_The_BlackBerry|archive-date=November 4, 2010|access-date=February 18, 2011}}</ref>

In 1996, RIM introduced the Interactive Pager, the first two-way messaging pager, and the RIM 900 OEM radio modem. The company developed the pager prototype with the support of Intel Corporation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kale |first=Vivek |title=Inverting the Paradox of Excellence: How Companies Use Variations for Business Excellence and How Enterprise Variations Are Enabled by SAP |publisher=CRC Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4665-9216-2 |location=Boca Raton, FL |pages=170 |language=en}}</ref> The company worked with [[RAM Mobile Data]] and [[Ericsson]] to turn the Ericsson-developed Mobitex wireless data network into a two-way [[pager|paging]] and [[wireless]] e-mail [[Computer network|network]]. Pivotal in this development was the release of the [[Inter@ctive Pager]] 950. In August 1997, a prototype was presented to BellSouth executives, who were impressed with the device and agreed to a $70-million deal that involved the supply of 100,000 devices.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Howitt |first=Chuck |title=BlackBerry Town: How high tech success has played out for Canada's Kitchener-Waterloo |publisher=James Lorimer & Company |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-4594-1438-9 |location=Toronto |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> The pager started shipping in August 1998. About the size of a bar of soap, this device competed against the Skytel two-way paging network developed by [[Motorola]].

In 1999, RIM introduced the BlackBerry 850 pager. This was also the first device to use the Blackberry OS.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gregory |first1=Peggy |title=Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops: XP 2021 Workshops, Virtual Event, June 14–18, 2021, Revised Selected Papers |last2=Kruchten |first2=Philippe |publisher=Springer Nature |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-88582-3 |location=Cham, Switzerland |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> Named after its keyboard's similarity to the [[druplet]]s of the [[blackberry]] fruit,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leigh |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99xpEAAAQBAJ&dq=rim+blackberry+keyboard+named+after+druplets+blackberry+fruit&pg=PT284 |title=Nostalgia Nerd's Gadgets, Gizmos & Gimmicks: A Potted History of Personal Tech |date=2022-10-13 |publisher=Octopus |isbn=978-1-78157-889-6 |language=en}}</ref> the device could receive [[push email]] from a [[Microsoft Exchange Server]] using its complementary server software, BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES). Its introduction set the stage for the company's future [[enterprise architecture|enterprise]]-oriented products, such as the BlackBerry 957 in April 2000, the first BlackBerry smartphone. The [[BlackBerry OS]] platform and BES continued to increase in functionality, while the incorporation of encryption and S/MIME support helped BlackBerry devices gain increased usage by governments and businesses.<ref name=zdnet-bbhistory>{{cite web|title=The road to BlackBerry 10: The evolution of RIM's OS and BES|url=http://www.zdnet.com/the-road-to-blackberry-10-the-evolution-of-rims-os-and-bes-7000009899/|publisher=ZDNet|access-date=February 1, 2013}}</ref><ref name="onebrand"/> During fiscal 1999-2001, RIM's assets grew eight-fold due to massive capacity expansion.

===2001–2011: global expansion and competition===
RIM soon began to introduce BlackBerry devices for the consumer market as well, beginning with the [[BlackBerry Pearl 8100]]{{emdash}}the first BlackBerry phone to include [[multimedia]] features such as a [[Camera phone|camera]]. The Pearl series was highly successful, as was the subsequent Curve 8300 and Bold 9000 series. Extensive carrier partnerships fuelled the rapid expansion of BlackBerry users globally in both enterprise and consumer markets.

Despite the arrival of the first Apple [[iPhone]] in 2007, BlackBerry sustained unprecedented market share growth well into 2011. The introduction of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s iPhone on the AT&T network in the fall of 2007 in the United States prompted RIM to produce its first [[touchscreen]] smartphone for the competing network in 2008{{emdash}}the [[BlackBerry Storm]]. It sold well but suffered from mixed to poor reviews and poor customer satisfaction.<ref name="onebrand"/><ref name=phonearena>{{cite web|title=RIM BlackBerry Storm sold 500,000 units in the first month?|url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/RIM-BlackBerry-Storm-sold-500000-units-in-the-first-month_id3894/comments|publisher=phonearena|access-date=January 27, 2009}}</ref> The iPhone initially lagged behind BlackBerry in both shipments and active users, due to RIM's head start and larger carrier distribution network. In the United States, the BlackBerry user base peaked at approximately 21 million users in the fall of 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press_Releases/2011/1/comScore_Reports_November_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share|title=comScore Reports November 2010 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share|publisher=comScore|date=January 6, 2011|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press_Releases/2010/12/comScore_Reports_October_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share|title=comScore Reports October 2010 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share|publisher=comScore|date=December 3, 2010|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press_Releases/2010/11/comScore_Reports_September_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share|title=comScore Reports September 2010 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share|publisher=comScore|date=November 3, 2010|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref> That quarter, the company's global subscriber base stood at 36 million users.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crackberry.com/press-release-research-motion-reports-third-quarter-results|title=Press Release: Research In Motion Reports Third Quarter Financial Results|publisher=CrackBerry|date=December 17, 2009|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref> As the iPhone and Google Android accelerated growth in the United States, the BlackBerry began to turn to other smartphone platforms. Nonetheless, the BlackBerry line as a whole continued to enjoy success, spurred on by strong international growth. As of December 1, 2012, the company had 79 million BlackBerry users globally<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/research-in-motion-reports-third-quarter-fiscal-2013-results-nasdaq-rimm-1740316.htm|title=Research In Motion Reports Third Quarter Fiscal 2013 Results|publisher=Marketwired|date=December 20, 2012|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref> with only 9 million remaining in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press_Releases/2013/1/comScore_Reports_November_2012_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share|title=comScore Reports November 2012 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share|publisher=comScore|date=January 3, 2013|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>

Even as the company continued to grow worldwide, investors and media became increasingly alarmed about the company's ability to compete with devices from rival mobile operating systems iOS and Android. CNN cited BlackBerry as one of six endangered US-Canadian brands. Analysts were also worried about the strategic direction of the co-CEOs' management structure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/news/companies/2014/06/24/endangered-brands/index.html?iid=SF_BN_River|title=6 Endangered Brands|publisher=[[CNNMoney]]|date=June 24, 2014|access-date=June 25, 2014}}</ref> The company also lost Larry Conlee, who served as COO of engineering and manufacturing from 2001 to 2009, to retirement. Conlee was not only key to the company's platform manufacturing strategy, but a pragmatic taskmaster who ensured deadlines were met, and had the clout to push back if Lazaridis had unrealistic expectations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Castaldo |first=Joe |url=https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/technology-news/how-management-has-failed-at-rim/ |title=How management has failed at RIM - Canadian Business |publisher=Archive.canadianbusiness.com |date=January 19, 2012 |accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Castaldo |first=Joe |url=https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/business-strategy/larry-conlee-research-in-motion-top-coo/ |title=Larry Conlee, Research In Motion, Top COO - Canadian Business |publisher=Archive.canadianbusiness.com |date=November 23, 2009 |accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref>

Following numerous attempts to upgrade its existing Java platform, the company made numerous acquisitions to help it create a new, more powerful BlackBerry platform, centred around its recently acquired real-time operating system QNX.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qnx.com/news/pr_4114_1.html%20News%20Release|title=Research In Motion to Acquire QNX Software Systems from Harman International|publisher=QNX|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref> In March 2011, Research In Motion Ltd.'s then-co-CEO [[Jim Balsillie]] suggested during a conference call that the "launch of some powerful new BlackBerrys" (eventually released as [[BlackBerry 10]]) would be in early 2012. However, analysts were "worried that promoting the mysterious, supposedly game-changing devices too early might hurt sales of existing BlackBerrys" (similar to the [[Osborne effect]]). The initial launch date was seen in retrospect as too ambitious and hurt the company's credibility at a time when its existing aging products steadily lost market share.<ref name="theglobeandmail.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/rims-long-road-to-reinvent-the-blackberry/article7901031/|title=RIM's long road to reinvent the BlackBerry|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=October 23, 2013}}</ref>

On September 27, 2010, RIM announced the long-rumoured [[BlackBerry PlayBook]] tablet, the first product running on the new QNX platform known as [[BlackBerry Tablet OS]]. The BlackBerry PlayBook was officially released to U.S. and Canadian consumers on April 19, 2011. It was criticized for being rushed to market in an incomplete state, and sold poorly. Following the shipments of 900,000 tablets during its first three quarters on market, slow sales and inventory pileups prompted the company to reduce prices and write down the inventory value by $485 million.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warren|first=Christina|url=http://mashable.com/2011/12/02/playbook-485-million-charge/|title=BlackBerry Bust: RIM Takes a $485 Million Hit on the Ailing PlayBook|publisher=Mashable|date=December 2, 2011|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>

====Primary competition====
BlackBerry's primary competitors were smartphones running [[Android (operating system)|Android]] OS, and the Apple iPhone. For a number of years, the BlackBerry was the leading smartphone in many markets, particularly the United States. The arrival of the iPhone and later Google's Android platform caused a slowdown in BlackBerry growth and a decline in sales in some markets, most notably the United States, leading to negative media and analyst sentiment over the company's ability to continue independently.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/blackberry/8985101/BlackBerry-market-share-slides-again-amid-takeover-talk.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/blackberry/8985101/BlackBerry-market-share-slides-again-amid-takeover-talk.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=BlackBerry market share slides again amid takeover talk|date=January 30, 2012|access-date=February 9, 2012|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

When Apple's iPhone was introduced in 2007, it generated substantial media attention, with numerous media outlets calling it a "BlackBerry killer".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2007/07/07/ceo_balsillie_shrugs_off_blackberry_killer.html|date=July 7, 2007|title=CEO Balsillie shrugs off 'BlackBerry killer'|location=Toronto|work=The Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siliconrepublic.com/new-media/item/10053-iphone-morphs-into-blackber|date=July 3, 2008|title=iPhone morphs into BlackBerry killer?}}</ref> While BlackBerry sales continued to grow, the newer iPhone grew at a faster rate. The 87% drop in BlackBerry's stock price between 2010 and 2013 was primarily attributed to the performance of the iPhone handset.<ref name="July">{{cite news|author1=John McDuling|title=Investors are starting to think Blackberry has a future|url=http://qz.com/228123/investors-are-starting-to-think-blackberry-has-a-future/|access-date=July 2, 2014|work=Quartz|date=June 30, 2014}}</ref>

The first three iPhone models generally lagged behind the BlackBerry in sales, as RIM had major advantages in carrier and enterprise support; however, Apple continued gaining market share. In October 2008, Apple briefly passed RIM in quarterly sales when they announced they had sold 6.9 million iPhones to the 6.1 million sold by RIM, comparing partially overlapping quarters between the companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/5066543/apple-quarterly-earnings-69-million-iphones-sold-more-phones-than-rim|title=Apple Quarterly Earnings: 6.9 Million iPhones Sold, "More Phones Than RIM"|work=Gizmodo|location=Canada|date=October 21, 2008}}</ref> Though Apple's iPhone sales declined to 4.3 million in the subsequent quarter<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/21Apple-Reports-First-Quarter-Results.html|title=Apple Reports First Quarter Results|date=January 21, 2009}}</ref> and RIM's increased to 7.8 million, for some investors this was a sign of weakness.<ref name="News Release">{{cite web|url=http://ca.blackberry.com/content/dam/bbCompany/Desktop/Global/PDF/Investors/Documents/2013/Q3FY13_final_filing.pdf|title=RIM News Release|access-date=December 2, 2012}}</ref> The iPhone began to sell more phones quarterly than the BlackBerry in 2010, brought on by the release of the [[iPhone 4]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iphoneincanada.ca/news/apple-q4-results-14m-iphones-sold-jobs-blasts-rim/|title=Apple 2010 Q4 Results: 14.1M iPhone Sold, Jobs Blasts RIM|publisher=iPhone in Canada|date=October 18, 2010|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-researchinmotion-idUSTRE65L3FG20100622|title=RIM's new BlackBerry may overshadow quarterly results|publisher=Reuters|date=June 22, 2010|access-date=June 21, 2013|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729092253/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-researchinmotion/rims-new-blackberry-may-overshadow-quarterly-results-idUSTRE65L3FG20100622|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the United States, the BlackBerry hit its peak in September 2010, with almost 22 million users, or 37% of the 58.7 million American smartphones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press_Releases/2010/11/comScore_Reports_September_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share|date=November 3, 2010|title=comScore Reports September 2010 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share}}</ref> BlackBerry then began to decline in use in the United States, with Apple's installed base in the United States finally passing it in April 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press_Releases/2011/6/comScore_Reports_April_2011_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share|date=June 3, 2011|title=comScore Reports April 2011 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share}}</ref> Sales of the iPhone continued to accelerate, as did the smartphone market, while the BlackBerry began to lose users continuously in the United States. By February 2016, only 1.59 million (0.8%) of the 198.9 million smartphone users in the United States were running BlackBerry compared to 87.32 million (43.9%) on an iPhone.<ref name="feb2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Rankings/comScore-Reports-February-2016-US-Smartphone-Subscriber-Market-Share|title=comScore Reports February 2016 U.S. Smartphone Subscriber Market Share|date=April 6, 2016|publisher=[[comScore]]|access-date=June 7, 2016}}</ref>

Google's Android mobile operating system, running on hardware by a range of manufacturers including [[Sony]], [[Motorola]], [[HTC]], [[Samsung]], [[LG]] and many others ramped up the competition for BlackBerry. In January 2010, barely 3 million (7.1%) of the 42.7 million Smartphones in use at the time in the United States were running Android, compared to 18 million BlackBerry devices (43%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press_Releases/2010/3/comScore_Reports_January_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share|date=March 10, 2010|title=comScore Reports January 2010 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share}}</ref> Within a single year Android had passed the installed base of the BlackBerry in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press_Releases/2011//comScore_Reports_January_2011_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share|date=March 7, 2010|title=comScore Reports January 2011 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share|access-date=November 6, 2013|archive-date=October 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009131149/https://www.comscore.com/Insights/Press-Releases/2011/3/comScore-Reports-January-2011-US-Mobile-Subscriber-Market-Share?cs_edgescape_cc=US|url-status=dead}}</ref> By February 2016, only 1.59 million (0.8%) of the 198.9 million smartphone users in the United States were running BlackBerry compared to 104.82 million (52.7%) running Android.<ref name="feb2016"/>

While RIM's secure encrypted network was attractive to corporate customers, their handsets were sometimes considered less attractive to consumers than iPhone and Android smartphones. Developers often developed consumer applications for those platforms and not the BlackBerry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moneyobserver.com/issue/features/smartphone-war-moves-killer-speed|title=Smartphone war moves at killer speed|last=Prosser|first=David|date=July 27, 2012|access-date=March 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513160432/http://www.moneyobserver.com/issue/features/smartphone-war-moves-killer-speed|archive-date=May 13, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iphoneincanada.ca/news/apple-q4-results-14m-iphones-sold-jobs-blasts-rim/|title=Apple 2010 Q4 Results: 14.1M iPhone sold, Jobs blasts RIM|last=NG|first=Gary|date=October 18, 2010|access-date=March 9, 2013}}</ref> During 2010s, even enterprise customers had begun to adopt [[BYOD]] policies due to employee feedback. The company also faced criticism that its hardware and operating system were outdated and unappealing compared to the competition, as well as that the browsing capabilities were poorer.<ref name="Garside">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/feb/17/blackberrys-hometown-wait-hope-renaissance|title=BlackBerry's hometown waits in hope of a renaissance|first=Juliette|last=Garside|date=February 17, 2013|location=London|work=The Guardian}}</ref>

===2011–2015: strategic changes and restructuring===
Slowing growth prompted the company to undertake a lay-off of 2,000 employees in the summer of 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2011/07/28/rim_layoffs_blamed_on_failure_to_innovate.html|title=RIM layoffs blamed on failure to innovate|work=Toronto Star|date=July 28, 2011|access-date=March 10, 2013}}</ref> In September 2011, the company's BlackBerry Internet Service suffered a massive outage, impacting millions of customers for several days. The outage embarrassingly occurred as Apple prepared to launch the iPhone 4S, causing fears of mass defections from the platform.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pepitone|first=Julianne|url=https://money.cnn.com/2011/10/13/technology/blackberry_outage/index.htm|title=BlackBerry service restored after worst outage ever|publisher=CNN Money|date=October 13, 2011|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>

Shortly afterwards, in October 2011,  RIM unveiled BBX, a new platform for future BlackBerry smartphones that would be based on the same QNX-based platform as the PlayBook. However, due to an accusation of [[trademark infringement]] regarding the name BBX, the platform was renamed BlackBerry 10.<ref name=pcw-bbxpipe>{{cite web|title=RIM's BBX Is Just a Pipe Dream|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/242153/bbx_is_just_a_pipe_dream.html|publisher=PC World|access-date=May 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lawler|first=Richard|title=RIM loses BBX trademark battle, next OS is named BlackBerry 10|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/12/06/rim-loses-bbx-trademark-battle-next-os-is-named-blackberry-10/|publisher=Engadget|access-date=December 7, 2011}}</ref> The task proved to be daunting, with the company delaying the launch in December 2011 to some time in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rocha|first=Euan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rim-idUSTRE7BD1ST20111217|title=BlackBerry delay darkens RIM's future|publisher=Reuters|date=December 16, 2011|access-date=June 21, 2013|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729095856/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rim/blackberry-delay-darkens-rims-future-idUSTRE7BD1ST20111217|url-status=live}}</ref> On January 22, 2012, Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie resigned as the CEOs of the company, handing the reins over to executive [[Thorsten Heins]].<ref name="pow">{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/01/22/rim-co-ceos-resign-hand-to-job-to-insider/|title=RIM co-CEOs resign, hand to job to insider|publisher=National Post|date=January 22, 2012|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref> On March 29, 2012, the company reported its first net loss in years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Melanson|first=Donald|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/03/29/rim-announces-q4-2012-earnings-jim-balsillie-resigns-from-compa/|title=RIM announces Q4 2012 earnings, Jim Balsillie resigns from board, company plans to refocus on enterprise|publisher=Engadget|date=March 29, 2012|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref> Heins set about the task of restructuring the company, including announcing plans to lay off 5,000 employees, replacing numerous executives, and delaying BlackBerry 10 a second time into January 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Chris|url=http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/blackberry-10-operating-system-delayed-until-2013-says-rim-1087414|title=BlackBerry 10 operating system delayed until 2013, says RIM|publisher=TechRadar|date=June 28, 2012|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>

On January 4, 2022, BlackBerry decommissioned the infrastructure and operating system used by their non-Android phones.<ref>{{cite web|last=blogs.blackberry.com|title=BlackBerry's Transformation Journey and Our Smartphone Heritage|url=https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2022/01/blackberrys-transformation-journey-and-our-smartphone-heritage|access-date=January 4, 2022|website=blogs.blackberry.com|language=en}}</ref>

====BlackBerry 10====
{{Main|BlackBerry 10}}
After much criticism and numerous delays, RIM officially launched BlackBerry 10 and two new smartphones based on the platform, the [[BlackBerry Z10]] and [[BlackBerry Q10|Q10]], on January 30, 2013.<ref name="onebrand"/><ref name=wsj-bb10rebranding/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/article/1286254--rim-sets-blackberry-10-launch-for-january|title=BlackBerry 10 to launch January 30|publisher=The Toronto Star|date=November 12, 2012}}</ref> The BlackBerry Z10, the first BlackBerry smartphone running BlackBerry 10, debuted worldwide in January 2013, going on sale immediately in the U.K. with other countries following. A marked departure from previous BlackBerry phones, the Z10 featured a fully touch-based design, a dual-core processor, and a high-definition display. BlackBerry 10 had 70,000 applications available at launch, which the company expected would rise to 100,000 by the time the device made its debut in the United States. In support of the launch, the company aired its first Super Bowl television advertisement in the U.S. and Canada during [[Super Bowl XLVII]].<ref name=gandm-bbad>{{cite news|title=Super Bowl to kick off cross-border ad action|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/marketing/super-bowl-to-kick-off-cross-border-ad-action/article8140216/|publisher=The Globe and Mail|access-date=February 2, 2013|location=Toronto|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> In discussing the decision to create a proprietary operating system instead of adopting an off-the-shelf platform such as Android, Heins noted, "If you look at other suppliers' ability to differentiate, there's very little wiggle room. We looked at it seriously{{emdash}}but if you understand what the promise of BlackBerry is to its user base it's all about getting stuff done. Games, media, we have to be good at it but we have to support those guys who are ahead of the game. Very little time to consume and enjoy content{{emdash}}if you stay true to that purpose you have to build on that basis. And if we want to serve that segment we can't do it on a me-too approach."<ref>{{cite web|title=RIM CEO "Seriously Considered Android"|date=August 3, 2012|url=http://www.bgr.com/2012/08/03/rim-ceo-thorsten-heins-interview-android/|publisher=BGR}}</ref> Chief Operating Officer Kristian Tear remarked "We want to regain our position as the number one in the world", while Chief Marketing Officer Frank Boulben proclaimed "It could be the greatest comeback in tech history. The carriers are behind us. They don't want a duopoly" (referring to Apple and Samsung).<ref name="Garside"/>

During the BlackBerry 10 launch event, the company also announced that it would change its public brand from Research In Motion to BlackBerry.<ref name="bloom namechange">{{cite news|title=RIM Changes Company Name to BlackBerry|first=Hugo|last=Miller|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-30/rim-changes-company-name-to-blackberry.html|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=January 30, 2013|access-date=February 2, 2013|quote=The company has discussed dropping the RIM name for some time, said Boulben, who was hired as marketing chief last May.}}</ref><ref name=wsj-bb10rebranding>{{cite news|title=Research In Motion's BlackBerry 10 and New Devices|url=http://stream.wsj.com/story/research-in-motions-blackberry-10-and-new-devices/SS-2-150702/|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=January 30, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131200144/http://stream.wsj.com/story/research-in-motions-blackberry-10-and-new-devices/SS-2-150702/|archive-date=January 31, 2013}}</ref> The name change was made to "put the BlackBerry brand at the centre" of the company's diverse brands, and because customers in some markets "already know the company as BlackBerry".<ref name="onebrand">{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2013/01/30/blackberry_10_launch_rim_changes_company_name_to_blackberry.html|title=BlackBerry 10 launch: RIM changes company name to BlackBerry|agency=Bloomberg|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|date=January 30, 2013|access-date=January 30, 2013}}</ref> A shareholder vote on an official name change to BlackBerry Limited was held at its next [[annual general meeting]], after its [[ticker symbol]]s on the TSX and NASDAQ already were changed to BB and BBRY respectively on February 4, 2013.<ref name="rename-tgam">{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/whats-in-a-name-why-rim-has-recreated-itself/article7998504/|title=What's in a name? Maybe corporate survival|first=Susan|last=Krashinsky|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=January 30, 2013|access-date=January 30, 2013|location=Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://press.blackberry.com/press/2013/rim-ticker-change-to-take-effect-monday-february-4.html|title=Research In Motion Ticker Change to Take Effect Monday, February 4|publisher=Research In Motion|date=January 31, 2013|access-date=February 2, 2013}}</ref>

On August 12, 2013, the company announced that it was open to being purchased and stated in an official news release to Canada's securities administrators:

<blockquote>The company's board of directors has formed a special committee to explore strategic alternatives to enhance value and increase scale in order to accelerate BlackBerry 10 deployment. These alternatives could include, among others, possible joint ventures, strategic partnerships or alliances, a sale of the Company or other possible transactions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Here's who might want to buy BlackBerry|url=http://qz.com/114182/heres-who-might-want-to-buy-blackberry/|access-date=August 13, 2013|newspaper=Quartz|date=August 12, 2013|author=Leo Mirani}}</ref></blockquote>

====Prem-Watsa/Fairfax Deal====
Canada Pension Plan Investment Board's CEO Mark Wiseman stated that he would consider investing in BlackBerry if the company became private.<ref>{{cite news|title=Canada Pension Would Weigh BlackBerry Stake|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-09/canada-pension-would-weigh-blackberry-stake.html|work=Bloomberg|publisher=Bloomberg LP|access-date=August 13, 2013|last=Dmitrieva|first=Katia|author2=Doug Alexander|date=August 9, 2013}}</ref> Also on August 12, 2013, foremost shareholder [[Prem Watsa]] resigned from BlackBerry's board.<ref>{{cite news|title=Investment tycoon Prem Watsa emerges as leading BlackBerry bidder|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/aug/13/prem-watsa-blackberry-leading-bidder?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=45200&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2faug%2f13%2fprem-watsa-blackberry-leading-bidder|access-date=August 14, 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=August 13, 2013|author=Juliette Garside}}</ref>

On September 20, 2013, the company announced it would lay off 4,500 staff and take a [[CAD$]]1 billion operating loss.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bgr.com/2013/09/20/blackberry-layoffs-announcement/|title=BlackBerry layoffs announcement: 4,500 job cuts, $1 billion loss - BGR|last=Reed|first=Brad|work=BGR|date=September 20, 2013}}</ref>  Three days later, the company announced that it had signed a letter of intent to be acquired by a consortium led by [[Prem Watsa]]-owned [[Fairfax Financial Holdings]] for a $9 per share deal. This deal was also confirmed by Watsa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Billionaire Prem Watsa acquiring BlackBerry for $4.7 Billion|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/indian-billionaire-prem-watsa-buying-blackberry-for-4-7-billion/|access-date=September 24, 2013}}</ref>

On September 29, 2013, the company began operating a direct sales model for customers in the United States, where unlocked Q10 and Z10 smartphones were sold directly from the BlackBerry website.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/09/29/after-near-1b-inventory-write-down-blackberry-starts-selling-unlocked-smartphones-direct-to-u-s-buyers/|title=After Near-$1B Inventory Write-Down, BlackBerry Starts Selling Unlocked Smartphones Direct To U.S. Buyers|date=September 29, 2013|publisher=AOL, Inc|work=TechCrunch|access-date=September 30, 2013|author=Darrell Etherington}}</ref> On October 15, 2013, the company published an open letter in 30 publications in nine countries to reassure customers that BlackBerry would continue to operate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/blackberry-ad-campaign-seeks-reassure-customers-20569945|title=BlackBerry Ad Campaign Seeks to Reassure Customers|date=October 15, 2013|access-date=October 15, 2013|newspaper=ABC News|author=Rob Gillies}}</ref>  Anthony Michael Sabino, [[St. John's University (New York City)|St. John's University]] business professor, stated in the ''Washington Post'': "This is BlackBerry's last-ditch attempt to simply survive in the face of crushing competition in a market it essentially invented."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/blackberry-agrees-to-be-acquired-by-fairfax-financial-holdings-limited/2013/09/23/94eacb2a-2477-11e3-ad0d-b7c8d2a594b9_story.html|title=BlackBerry agrees to be acquired by Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited|date=September 24, 2013|access-date=September 24, 2013|newspaper=Washington Post|author=Hayley Tsukayama}}</ref>

====John Chen joins BlackBerry====
{{See also|John S. Chen}}
On November 4, 2013, the Fairfax Prem Watsa deal was scrapped in favor of a US$1 billion cash injection which, according to one analyst, represented the level of confidence BlackBerry's largest shareholder had in the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/2013/11/04/fairfax-financial-scraps-bid-for-blackberry-leads-1-billion-cash-infusion-deal/|title=Fairfax Financial scraps bid for BlackBerry; leads $1 billion cash infusion deal|date=November 4, 2013}}</ref> At the same time, BlackBerry installed John Chen as CEO to replace the laid-off Heins.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/blackberry-watsa-idINDEE9A503X20131106|title=No love lost for BlackBerry, Watsa after surprise deal|date=November 6, 2013|work=Reuters India}}</ref> According to the Globe and Mail, BlackBerry's hope was that Chen, with his reputation as a turnaround artist, could save the company.

"John Chen knows how to manage a mobile company, and perhaps most importantly, can make things happen in the industry," J. Gold Associates Principal Analyst Jack Gold told the publication.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/who-is-john-chen-the-man-named-to-rescue-blackberry/article15240527/|title=Meet BlackBerry's John Chen, turnaround artist|last=SILCOFF|first=SEAN|date=November 4, 2013|access-date=June 12, 2017|language=en-ca}}</ref>

"We have begun moving the company to embrace a multi-platform, BYOD world by adopting a new mobility management platform and a new device strategy," Chen explained in an open letter published shortly after his appointment. "I believe in the value of this brand. With the right team and the right strategy in place, I am confident that we will rebuild BlackBerry for the benefit of all our constituencies."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2013/11/a-message-from-john-s-chen-blackberry-executive-chair-and-ceo/|title=A Message from John S. Chen, BlackBerry Executive Chair and CEO|access-date=June 12, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

In April 2014, Chen spoke of his turnaround strategy in an interview with Reuters,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-blackberry-ceo-idUSBREA3822M20140409|title=BlackBerry CEO would consider handset unit sale, eyes investments|date=April 9, 2014|work=Reuters|access-date=June 12, 2017}}</ref> explaining that he intended to invest in or partner with other companies in regulated industries such as healthcare, financial, and legal services. He later clarified that BlackBerry's device division remained part of his strategy and that his company was also looking to invest in "emerging solutions such as machine to machine technologies that will help power the backbone of the Internet of Things."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2014/04/not-leaving-handsets/|title=Devices Business is an Important Part of Our End-to-End Strategy|access-date=June 12, 2017|language=en}}</ref> He would later expand on this idea at a BlackBerry Security Summit in July 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2014/07/security-summit/|title=BlackBerry Security Summit: Providing Assurance in an Insecure Era|access-date=June 12, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

In May 2014, the low-cost BlackBerry Z3 was introduced in the Indonesian market, where the brand had been particularly popular. The budget handset was produced in partnership with Taiwanese manufacturer Foxconn Technology Group, which handled the design and distribution of the product. A ''New York Times'' analysis stated that the model was an attempt by Chen to generate revenue while he tried "to shift the organization's focus to services and software." An analyst with London's ABI Research said: "John Chen is just sustaining the handset business as he sorts out the way ahead." As part of the [[Language localization|localization]] effort for the promotion of the Z3, the handset's back panel was engraved with the word "Jakarta", but skepticism still emerged, as the handset was still more than twice as expensive as Android models in Indonesia at the time of release.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Joe Cochrane|author2=Ian Austin|name-list-style=amp|title=BlackBerry's Partnership With Foxconn Signals Shifting Priorities|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/technology/blackberrys-partnership-with-foxconn-signals-a-shift.html|access-date=July 2, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=May 18, 2014}}</ref>

===2015–present: software transition===
In the first quarter of the 2015 fiscal year, Chen stated: "This is, of course, the very beginning of our task and we hope that we will be able to report better results going forward…  We feel pretty good about where we are." ''Quartz'' reported that stock was up by 30 percent, compared to the same period in the previous year,<ref name= "July" /> while Chen expressed enthusiasm for the release of two new handsets, both with keyboards and touch screens, in the second half of 2014. Chen did not provide sales figures for the Z3 phone in Indonesia.<ref name= "Ian" />

In September 2015, Chen unveiled the [[BlackBerry Priv]], a keyboard-slider smartphone utilizing the Android operating system with BlackBerry-developed software enhancements, including a secure bootloader, full-disk encryption, integrity protection, and the BlackBerry HUB.<ref>{{cite news|title=BlackBerry to Launch Android Smartphone |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/blackberry-to-launch-android-smartphone-1443181465|website=Wall Street Journal|date=September 25, 2015 |publisher=Dow Jones & Co |access-date=September 25, 2015 |last1= Dummett |first1= Ben}}</ref>

In 2020, BlackBerry signed a new licensing agreement for smartphones with the US-based startup company, OnwardMobility.<ref>{{cite web| title=OnwardMobility Announces Licensing Agreement with BlackBerry to Deliver a BlackBerry 5G Smartphone|url=https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/08/onwardmobility-announces-licensing-agreement-with-blackberry-to-deliver-blackberry-5g-smartphone|access-date=October 9, 2021|website= Blogs | publisher = Blackberry}}</ref> The company never released a device before shutting down in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.engadget.com/blackberry-5g-is-dead-125052260.html |title= OnwardMobility is dead, and so are its plans to release a 5G BlackBerry phone |publisher=Engadget |date=February 22, 2022 |accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref>

As of June 2021, Cybersecurity ($107 million) and IoT ($43 million) revenue accounted for a combined 86% of Q1 2022 earnings ($174 million).  Chen reiterated: "Now, we are pivoting the organization more heavily toward the market by creating two business units, Cybersecurity and IoT… we will provide revenue and gross margin by business unit as well as other selected metrics. We believe that this additional color will help investor gain better understanding of the underlying performance of the business units, ultimately driving shareholder value."<ref>{{cite web|title=BlackBerry Limited (BB) Q1 2022 Earnings Call Transcript|url=https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2021/06/25/blackberry-limited-bb-q1-2022-earnings-call-transc/|website=The Motley Fool|date=June 25, 2021| access-date=June 25, 2021}}</ref>

In October 2023, the company announced that it would spin off its IoT business unit and hold an initial public offering for it in the next year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Turner |first=Nick |date=October 4, 2023 |title=BlackBerry Plans IPO for Its Internet of Things Business |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-04/blackberry-plans-ipo-for-for-its-internet-of-things-business |publisher=Bloomberg News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/blackberry-separate-iot-cybersecurity-business-units-2023-10-04/ |title=BlackBerry to separate IoT and cybersecurity businesses, plans IPO |date=October 5, 2023 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

====Strategic acquisitions====
During this time, BlackBerry also expanded its software and services offerings with several key acquisitions. These included file security firm [[WatchDox]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maribellopez/2015/04/21/blackberry-acquires-watchdox-boosting-content-security/#cb0213938a5c|title=BlackBerry Snaps Up WatchDox For Content Security|last=Lopez|first=Maribel|work=Forbes|access-date=June 21, 2017}}</ref> crisis communications leader AtHoc,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/blackberry-to-buy-crisis-communications-software-firm-athoc-1437571751|title=BlackBerry to Buy Crisis-Communications Software Firm AtHoc|last=Dummett|first=Ben|date=July 22, 2015|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 21, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> and rival EMM vendor Good Technology.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2015/11/its-a-good-day-blackberry-completes-good-technology-acquisition/|title=It's a Good Day: BlackBerry Completes Good Technology Acquisition|access-date=June 21, 2017|language=en}}</ref> The products offered by these firms were gradually re-branded and integrated into BlackBerry's own portfolio.

Trefis, an analyst team and Forbes contributor, called Good "a nice strategic fit for BlackBerry's software business", noting that the acquisition would "help improve BlackBerry's cross-platform EMM support and bring in a relatively large and diverse customer base, while also helping drive incremental revenue growth". It also noted that the acquisition – the largest in BlackBerry's history – indicated the company's commitment to a software-focused turnaround plan. It remained ambivalent about the company's outlook overall.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/09/08/blackberrys-good-technology-acquisition-is-smart-does-it-impact-its-valuation/#6c4686da4036|title=BlackBerry's Good Technology Acquisition Is Smart, Does It Impact Its Valuation? |last=Speculations|first=Great|work=Forbes|access-date=June 21, 2017}}</ref>

In January 2016, Chen stated that BlackBerry did not plan on developing any new devices running BlackBerry 10 and that the company would release two new Android devices at most during 2016.<ref name="cnet-bbandroidfornow">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/blackberry-going-all-in-on-android-phones-for-now/ |title=BlackBerry going all-in on Android phones|website=CNET|access-date=September 28, 2016}}</ref> BlackBerry also announced the release of the Good Secure EMM Suites, consolidating WatchDox and Good Technology's products into several tiered offerings alongside its existing software.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.cio.com/article/3026681/mobile-device-management/blackberry-debuts-emm-fruits-of-good-deal.html|title=BlackBerry debuts EMM fruits of Good deal |last= Sacco|first=Al|work=CIO|access-date=June 21, 2017|language=en|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801223240/https://www.cio.com/article/3026681/blackberry-debuts-emm-fruits-of-good-deal.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Hardware licensing partnerships====
BlackBerry announced the [[BlackBerry DTEK|DTeK]]50, a mid-range Android smartphone, on July 26, 2016.<ref name="cnet-dtek50">{{cite web|url= http://www.cnet.com/news/blackberry-dtek50-eschews-the-keyboard-but-keeps-android/ |title=BlackBerry's cheaper DTek 50 skips the keyboard, but keeps Android |last= Cheng |first= Roger |date=July 26, 2016|website=CNet |publisher=CBS Interactive|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> Unlike the Priv, the DTek50 was a re-branded version of an existing smartphone, the [[Alcatel Idol 4]] as manufactured by [[TCL Corporation]], one of the company's hardware partners.<ref name= "ars-dtek50">{{cite web |url= https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/07/blackberry-rebrands-chinese-smartphone-creates-the-299-blackberry-dtek50/ |title= BlackBerry rebrands Chinese smartphone, creates the $299 BlackBerry DTek50|website=Ars Technica |date= July 26, 2016|access-date= July 27, 2016}}</ref> It was to be the second-last phone ever developed in-house at BlackBerry, followed by the DTek60 in October 2016 – on September 28, 2016, BlackBerry announced that it would cease in-house hardware development to focus on software, delegating development, design, and manufacturing of its devices to third-party partners.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/au/news/blackberry-to-stop-building-its-own-smartphones/ |title= BlackBerry bails on building its own phones | work= CNet |access-date=June 21, 2017}}</ref>

The first of these partners was BB Merah Putih, a joint venture in Indonesia. Chen stated that the company was "no longer just about the smartphone, but the smart in the phone".<ref name="cnet-bails">{{cite web|url= https://www.cnet.com/au/news/blackberry-to-stop-building-its-own-smartphones/|title=BlackBerry bails on building its own phones|website=CNet |access-date=September 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="cbc-outsourcing">{{cite news |url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/blackberry-hardware-loss-1.3781876 |title=BlackBerry to outsource smartphone manufacturing from now on|website=CBC News |access-date= September 28, 2016}}</ref>  On December 15, 2016, BlackBerry announced that it had reached a long-term deal with TCL to continue producing BlackBerry-branded smartphones for sale outside of Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.<ref name= "tc-tcldeal">{{cite web|url= https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/15/blackberry/ |title=TCL signs an exclusive deal to build BlackBerry-branded phones|website= TechCrunch|date= December 15, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref> This partnership was followed by an agreement with Optiemus Infracom on February 6, 2017, to produce devices throughout India and neighbouring markets including Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/optiemus-to-make-blackberry-phones-for-india/article9523761.ece |title= Optiemus to make BlackBerry phones for India| date=February 6, 2017 |work= The Hindu Business Line |access-date= June 21, 2017}}</ref>

Since the partnerships were announced, TCL has released the BlackBerry KeyOne<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://thenextweb.com/gadgets/2017/05/16/blackberry-keyone-review-yes-still-want-physical-keyboard-2017/ |title=BlackBerry KeyOne review: Yes, you still want a physical keyboard in 2017 |last= Hughes |first= Matthew |date=May 16, 2017|work=The Next Web|access-date=June 21, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> and BB Merah Putih has released the BlackBerry Aurora.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mobilesyrup.com/2017/03/02/blackberry-aurora-pt-bb-merah-putih/ |title= This is the BlackBerry Aurora, runs Android 7.0 with a 5.5-inch touchscreen display|last=Hardy|first=Ian|date=March 2, 2017|website=MobileSyrup|access-date=June 21, 2017}}</ref>

====Cybersecurity consulting====
In February 2016, BlackBerry acquired UK-based cybersecurity firm Encription,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/02/24/blackberry-buys-uks-encription-ltd-to-kickstart-its-new-cybersecurity-consultancy/|title=BlackBerry Buys UK's Encription To Kickstart A New Cybersecurity Consultancy |last= Lunden |first=Ingrid|work=TechCrunch|date=February 24, 2016 |access-date=June 21, 2017}}</ref> with the intention of branching out into the security consulting business. It later released BlackBerry Shield, an IT risk assessment program for its corporate clients.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://blogs.blackberry.com/2016/10/blackberry-offers-your-enterprise-a-free-90-minute-checkup-on-your-mobile-security-risks/|title=BlackBerry Offers Your Enterprise a Free 90 Minute Checkup on Your Mobile Security Risks|access-date=June 21, 2017}}</ref> In April 2017, BlackBerry's cybersecurity division partnered with Allied World Assurance Company Holdings, a global insurance and reinsurance provider.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://blogs.blackberry.com/2017/04/blackberry-partners-with-a-leading-insurance-provider-to-boost-enterprises-cybersecurity/|title=BlackBerry Partners with a Leading Insurance Provider to Boost Enterprises' Cybersecurity|access-date=June 21, 2017}}</ref> This agreement saw BlackBerry's Shield self-assessment tool integrated into Allied World's FrameWRX cyber risk management solution.

====BlackBerry Secure====
On December 8, 2016, BlackBerry announced the release of BlackBerry Secure. Billed as a "comprehensive mobile security platform for the Enterprise of Things",<ref name="TechRepublic">{{Cite news|url= http://www.techrepublic.com/article/blackberry-secure-iot-security-goes-mobile-with-new-enterprise-platform/ |title= BlackBerry Secure: IoT security goes mobile with new enterprise platform|work=TechRepublic|access-date= June 21, 2017}}</ref>  BlackBerry Secure deepened the integration between BlackBerry's acquisitions and its core portfolio. According to Forbes, it brings all of BlackBerry's products "under a single umbrella".<ref name= "TechRepublic"/>

On February 7, 2017, BlackBerry announced the creation of the BBM Enterprise SDK, a Communication-Platform-as-a-Service development tool.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://devblog.blackberry.com/2017/02/enable-developers-to-make-corporate-instant-messaging-secure-with-the-bbm-enterprise-sdk/|title= Enable Developers to Make Corporate Instant Messaging Secure with the BBM Enterprise SDK|access-date=June 21, 2017}}</ref> The Enterprise SDK allows developers to incorporate BBM Enterprise's messaging functionality into their applications. It was released to BlackBerry's partners on February 21, 2017, and officially launched on June 12, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://blogs.blackberry.com/2017/06/now-available-bbm-enterprise-sdk-delivers-secure-voice-video-and-messaging/ |title= Now Available: BBM Enterprise SDK Delivers Secure Voice, Video, and Messaging|access-date= June 21, 2017}}</ref>

Also in February 2017, analyst firm 451 Research released a report on BlackBerry's improved financial position and product focus.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://451research.com/report-short?entityId=91691 |title=BlackBerry is back: strategy and product updates point the way forward | publisher = 451 research |language= en-gb |access-date= June 21, 2017}}</ref> The report identified BlackBerry's position in the Internet of Things and its device licensing strategy as strengths. The BBM Enterprise SDK was also highlighted, alongside several challenges still facing the company.

=== 2023 ===
On October 30, 2023 John S. Chen announced his resignation as CEO through an employee letter posted to the Blackberry Limited blog page stating he will cease his role on November 4, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=blogs.blackberry.com |title=Letter to BlackBerry Employees from John Chen |url=https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2023/10/john-chen-retiring-letter-to-blackberry-employees |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=blogs.blackberry.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="linkedin-ceo">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-11 |title=BlackBerry names new CEO |url=https://www.linkedin.com/news/story/blackberry-names-new-ceo-5854012/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=LinkedIn |language=en}}</ref>

==Financials==
Until 2013, the number of active BlackBerry users increased over time.

For the fiscal period in which the Apple iPhone was first released (in 2007), RIM reported a user base of 10.5 million BlackBerry subscribers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rim.com/investors/documents/pdf/financial/2008/Q2_financial_information.pdf|date=October 4, 2007|title=Research In Motion Reports Second quarter Results}}{{dead link|date=July 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

At the end of 2008, when Google Android first hit the market, RIM reported that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had increased to 21 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rim.com/investors/documents/pdf/financial/2009/Q3_financial_information.pdf|date=December 18, 2008|title=Research In Motion Reports Third quarter Results}}{{dead link|date=July 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rim.com/investors/documents/pdf/financial/2011/Q3_financial_information.pdf|date=December 16, 2010|title=Research In Motion Reports Third quarter Results}}{{dead link|date=July 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended March 3, 2012, RIM shipped 11.1 million BlackBerry smartphones, down 21 percent from the previous quarter and it was the first decline in the quarter covering Christmas since 2006. For its fourth quarter, RIM announced a net loss of US$125 million (the last loss before this occurred in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2005).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rim-idUSBRE82S1DD20120330|title=RIM posts loss as new CEO begins to clean house|date=March 30, 2012|work=Reuters|access-date=June 30, 2017|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729095224/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rim/rim-posts-loss-as-new-ceo-begins-to-clean-house-idUSBRE82S1DD20120330|url-status=live}}</ref> RIM's loss of market share accelerated in 2011, due to the rapidly growing sales of Samsung and HTC Android handsets; RIM's annual market share in the U.S. dropped to just 3 percent, from 9 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobilenapps.com/articles/2147/20120515/googles-android-gains-share-smartphone-survey.htm|title=Google's Android Gains Share in Smartphone-Survey|date=May 15, 2012}}</ref>

In the quarter ended June 28, 2012, RIM announced that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had reached 78 million globally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q1_FY2013_Press_Release.pdf|date=June 28, 2012|title=Research In Motion Reports First quarter Results|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307150039/http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q1_FY2013_Press_Release.pdf|archive-date=March 7, 2016}}</ref> Furthermore, RIM reported its first quarter revenue for the 2013 fiscal year, showing that the company incurred a GAAP net loss of US$518 million for the quarter, and announced a plan to implement a US$1 billion cost-saving initiative. The company also announced the delay of the new BlackBerry 10 OS until the first quarter of 2013.<ref name="RIM News Release">{{cite web|url=http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q1_FY2013_Press_Release.pdf|title=RIM News Release|access-date=June 30, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307150039/http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q1_FY2013_Press_Release.pdf|archive-date=March 7, 2016}}</ref>

After the release of the Apple iPhone 5 in September 2012, RIM CEO Thorsten Heins announced that the number of global users was up to 80 million, which sparked a 7% jump in shares.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/rim-subscriber-base-grows-to-80-million/article4567392/|title=RIM shares rise on new phone hopes|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|location=Canada|date=September 25, 2012}}</ref> On December 2, 2012, the company reported a decline in revenue of 5% from the previous quarter and 47% from the same period the previous year. The company reported a GAAP profit of US$14 million (adjusted net loss of US$115 million), which was an improvement over previous quarters. The company also grew its cash reserves to US$2.9 billion, a total that was eventually increased to nearly US$600 million in the quarter. The global subscriber base of BlackBerry users declined slightly for the first time to 79 million, after peaking at an all-time high of 80 million the previous quarter.<ref name="News Release"/>

In September 2013, the company announced that its growing BBM instant messaging service will be available for Android and iPhone devices. BlackBerry stated that the service has 60 million monthly active customers who send and receive more than 10 billion messages a day. The "BBM Channels" enhancement is expected in late 2013, whereby conversations are facilitated between users and communities, based on factors such as common interests, brands, and celebrities.<ref>{{cite web|title=BlackBerry messaging service rolls out to Android and iPhone this weekend|url=http://www.techhive.com/article/2048978/blackberry-messaging-service-rolls-out-to-android-and-iphone-this-weekend.html#tk.nl_mwbest|work=TechHive|publisher=IDG Consumer & SMB|access-date=September 23, 2013|last=Hamblen|first=Matt|date=September 18, 2013|archive-date=October 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026013500/http://www.techhive.com/article/2048978/blackberry-messaging-service-rolls-out-to-android-and-iphone-this-weekend.html#tk.nl_mwbest|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On September 28, 2013, media reports confirmed that BlackBerry lost US$1.049 billion during the second fiscal quarter of 2013. In the wake of the loss, Heins stated: "We are very disappointed with our operational and financial results this quarter and have announced a series of major changes to address the competitive hardware environment and our cost structure."<ref name="Arts">{{cite web|title=True to its recent prediction, BlackBerry lost over $1 billion last quarter|url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2013/09/true-to-its-recent-prediction-blackberry-lost-over-1-billion-last-quarter/|work=Arts Technica|publisher=Condé Nast|access-date=September 29, 2013|last=Farivar|first=Cyrus|date=September 28, 2013}}</ref>

Between 2010 and 2013, the stock price of the company dropped by 87 percent due to the widespread popularity of the iPhone. Goldman Sachs estimated that, in June 2014, BlackBerry accounted for 1 percent share of smartphone sales, compared to a peak of around 20 percent in 2009.<ref name="July" />

With the release of its financial results for the first fiscal quarter of 2015 in June 2014, Chen presented a more stable company that had incurred a lower amount of loss than previous quarters. ''[[The New York Times]]'' described "a smaller-than-expected quarterly loss",<ref name="Ian">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Austin|title=BlackBerry's Earnings Point to Signs of Stabilizing|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/20/technology/blackberry-earnings-report.html?_r=1&_ga=1.267761549.2094228609.1402661831|access-date=July 2, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=June 19, 2014}}</ref> based on the June 19, 2014, news release:

<blockquote>Revenue for the first quarter of fiscal 2015 was $966 million, down $10 million or 1% from $976 million in the previous quarter ... During the first quarter, the Company recognized hardware revenue on approximately 1.6 million BlackBerry smartphones compared to approximately 1.3 million BlackBerry smartphones in the previous quarter.<ref name="Profit">{{cite web|title=BlackBerry Reports 2015 Fiscal First Quarter GAAP Profitability|url=http://us.blackberry.com/content/dam/bbCompany/Desktop/Global/PDF/Investors/Documents/2015/Q1_FY2015_Press_Release.pdf|website=BlackBerry US|publisher=BlackBerry Limited|access-date=July 2, 2014|date=June 19, 2014}}</ref></blockquote>

Ian Austin of ''The New York Times'' provided further clarity on BlackBerry's news release: "Accounting adjustments enabled BlackBerry to report a $23 million, or 4 cents a share, profit for its last quarter. Without those noncash charges, however, the company lost $60 million, or 11 cents a share, during the period." Following the news release, Chen stated that BlackBerry is comfortable with its position, and it is understood that his plan for the company mainly involves businesses and governments, rather than consumers.<ref name="Ian" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Fiscal Year
! Sales ($ millions)
! Operating Income ($ millions)
! Net Income ($ millions)
! Active BlackBerry Subscribers
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 1999
| 47
| 4.8
| 6.4
| 
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2000
| 84
| 10
| 10
| 
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2001
| 221
| (4.6)
| (6.2)
| 
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2002<ref name="Blackberry">{{cite web|url=http://www.gurufocus.com/news/134176/research-in-motion-on-its-deathbed-|title=Research In Motion Year-Over-Year Growth|date=May 23, 2011|publisher=GuruFocus|work=Press Release|access-date=May 24, 2011}}</ref>
| &nbsp;294
| &nbsp;&nbsp;(58)
| &nbsp;&nbsp;(28)
| 
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2003<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 307
| (64)
| (149)
| 534,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2004<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 595
| 78
| 52
| 1,069,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2005<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 1,350
| 386
| 206
| 2,510,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2006<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 2,066
| 617
| 375
| 4,900,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2007<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 3,037
| 807
| 632
| 8,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2008<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 6,009
| 1,731
| 1,294
| 14,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2009<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 11,065
| 2,722
| 1,893
| 25,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2010<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 14,953
| 3,507
| 2,457
| 41,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2011<ref name="Blackberry"/>
| 19,907
| 4,739
| 3,444
| 70,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2012<ref name="BBRYfinancial">{{cite web|url=http://www.gurufocus.com/financials/NAS:BBRY#bs|title=10 Year Financial Data of BlackBerry Ltd (NAS:BBRY)|website=GuruFocus|access-date=April 19, 2015}}</ref>
| 18,423
| 1,497
| 1,164
| 77,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2013<ref name="BBRYfinancial" /><ref name="BBRYsubs">{{cite web|last1=Arthur|first1=Charles|title=Ten things to know about BlackBerry -- and how much trouble it is (or isn't) in|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/29/ten-things-to-know-blackberry-john-chen|website=The Guardian|date=September 29, 2014|access-date=April 19, 2015}}</ref>
| 11,073
| (1,235)
| (646)
| 79,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2014<ref name="BBRYfinancial" /><ref name="BBRYsubs"/>
| 6,813
| (7,163)
| (5,873)
| 69,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2015<ref name="BBRYfinancial" /><ref name="BBRYsubs"/>
| 3,335
| (423)
| (304)
| 46,000,000
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2016
| 2,160
| (223)
| (208)
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackberry.com/content/dam/blackberry-com/Documents/pdf/financial-reports/2017/q4fy2017/Q417_Financial_Statements.pdf|title=BlackBerry Annual Information Form for Fiscal 2017}}</ref>
| 1,309
| (1,181)
| (1,206)
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackberry.com/content/dam/blackberry-com/Documents/pdf/financial-reports/2018/q4fy2018/Q4FY2018_Financial_Information.pdf|title=BlackBerry Annual Information Form for Fiscal 2018}}</ref>
| 932
| 283
| 405
|
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2019
| 904
| 60
| 93
| 
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2020
| 1,040
| (149)
| (152)
| 
|- style="text-align:right;"
| 2021<ref name=10K />
| 718
| (2)
| 12
| 
|}

==Organizational changes==

===Leadership changes===
The company was often criticized for its dual CEO structure. Under the original organization, Mike Lazaridis oversaw technical functions, while [[Jim Balsillie]] oversaw sales/marketing functions.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Some saw this arrangement as a dysfunctional management structure and believed RIM acted as two companies, slowing the effort to release the new BlackBerry 10 operating system.<ref name="Marlow">{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/rims-long-road-to-reinvent-the-blackberry/article7901031/|title=RIM's long road to reinvent the BlackBerry|last=Marlow|first=Iain|date=January 27, 2013|access-date=March 9, 2013|location=Toronto|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anonymous letter bemoans RIM management woes|last=Ogg|first=Erica|date=June 30, 2011|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-31021_3-20075817-260/anonymous-letter-bemoans-rim-management-woes/?tag=mncol;txt}}</ref>

On June 30, 2011, an investor push for the company to split its dual-CEO structure was unexpectedly withdrawn after an agreement was made with RIM. RIM announced that after discussions between the two groups, Northwest & Ethical Investments would withdraw its shareholder proposal before RIM's annual meeting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-31021_3-20075916-260/rim-investors-pull-proposal-to-split-ceo-role/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20|title=RIM investors pull proposal to split CEO role|first=Erica|last=Ogg|publisher=CNET|date=June 30, 2011|access-date=June 30, 2011}}</ref>

On January 22, 2012, RIM announced that its CEOs Balsillie and Lazaridis had stepped down from their positions. They were replaced by Thorsten Heins.<ref name="co-ceo-stepdown">{{cite news|url=http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=5358|title=RIM Press Release|date=January 22, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123054856/http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=5358|archive-date=January 23, 2012|access-date=January 23, 2012}}</ref> Heins hired investment banks RBC Capital Markets and JP Morgan to seek out potential buyers interested in RIM, while also redoubling efforts on releasing BlackBerry 10.<ref name="Garside"/>

On March 29, 2012, RIM announced a strategic review<ref name="Balsillie resigns">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2012/03/29/rim-earnings.html|date=March 29, 2012|access-date=March 30, 2012|work=CBC News|title=Jim Balsillie resigns amid poor RIM results}}</ref> of its future business strategy that included a plan to refocus on the enterprise business and leverage on its leading position in the enterprise space.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/electronics/9175006/BlackBerry-maker-Research-in-Motion-to-focus-on-business-customers-after-revenue-falls-25pc.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/electronics/9175006/BlackBerry-maker-Research-in-Motion-to-focus-on-business-customers-after-revenue-falls-25pc.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|date=March 29, 2012|access-date=March 30, 2012|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=BlackBerry maker Research in Motion to focus on business customers after revenue falls 25pc|location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Heins noted, "We believe that BlackBerry cannot succeed if we tried to be everybody's darling and all things to all people. Therefore, we plan to build on our strength."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17557177|date=March 29, 2012|access-date=March 30, 2012|work=BBC News|title=Blackberry-maker RIM plans new focus amid $125m loss}}</ref> Balsillie resigned from the board of directors in March 2012, while Lazaridis remained on the board as vice chairman.<ref name="Balsillie resigns"/>

Following the assumption of role as CEO, Heins made substantial changes to the company's leadership team. Changes included the departures of Chief Technology Officer David Yach; Chief Operating Officer Jim Rowan;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mobilesyrup.com/2012/03/29/rim-q4-2012-earnings-balsillie-resigns-11-million-blackberry-smartphones-and-500000-playbooks-shipped/|date=March 29, 2012|access-date=March 30, 2012|work=CBC News|title=RIM Q4 Fiscal 2012 earnings: Balsillie resigns, 11.1 million smartphones and 500,000 PlayBooks shipped}}</ref> Senior Vice President of Software Alan Brenner;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/4/8/2934655/rim-loses-two-more-executives|date=April 8, 2012|access-date=March 30, 2012|work=CBC News|title=RIM loses two more executives following poor Q4 results}}</ref> Chief Legal Officer, Karima Bawa;<ref name="huffingtonpost.ca">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/05/28/karima-bawa-research-in-motion_n_1550984.html|date=May 28, 2012|access-date=March 30, 2012|work=CBC News|title=Karima Bawa, RIM's Chief Legal Officer, Leaves Company As New Round Of Layoffs Looms|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031103552/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/05/28/karima-bawa-research-in-motion_n_1550984.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Chief Information Officer Robin Bienfait.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.cio.com/blackberry/17671/blackberry-cio-robin-bienfait-abruptly-retires-rim|date=January 4, 2013|title=BlackBerry CIO Robin Bienfait Abruptly Retires from RIM|access-date=March 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616021056/http://blogs.cio.com/blackberry/17671/blackberry-cio-robin-bienfait-abruptly-retires-rim|archive-date=June 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following the leadership changes, Heins hired Kristian Tear to assume the role of Chief Operating Officer, Frank Boulben to fill the Chief Marketing Officer role<ref name="huffingtonpost.ca"/> and appointed Dan Dodge, the CEO of QNX, to take over as Chief Technology Officer.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rim-idUSBRE82S1DD20120330|title=RIM posts loss as new CEO begins to clean house|date=April 2010|access-date=March 30, 2012|work=Reuters|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729095224/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rim/rim-posts-loss-as-new-ceo-begins-to-clean-house-idUSBRE82S1DD20120330|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 28, 2012, Steven E. Zipperstein was appointed as the new Vice President and Chief Legal Officer.<ref>{{citation|url=http://press.blackberry.com/content/dam/rim/press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q1_FY2013_Press_Release.pdf|title=Research in motion reports first quarter fiscal 2013 results|date=July 28, 2012|access-date=May 21, 2013}}</ref>

On March 28, 2013, Lazaridis relinquished his position as vice chairman and announced his resignation from the board of directors.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q4_FY2013_Press_Release.pdf|title=BlackBerry reports fourth quarter and year-end results for fiscal 2013|date=March 2013|access-date=March 28, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052156/http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q4_FY2013_Press_Release.pdf|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> Later in the year, Heins was replaced by John S. Chen, who assumed the CEO role in the first week of November. Chen's compensation package mainly consists of BlackBerry shares—a total of 13 million—and he will be entitled to the entire number of shares after he has served the company for five years. Heins received an exit package of $22 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=New BlackBerry CEO Scores $88M Compensation Package|url=http://mashable.com/2013/11/11/blackberry-ceo-88-million/|work=Mashable|access-date=November 12, 2013|last=Wasserman|first=Todd|date=November 12, 2013}}</ref>

Chen has a reputation as a "turnaround" CEO,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.itworld.com/article/2758499/mobile/sybase-ceo-john-chen--tale-of-a-turnaround.html|title=Sybase CEO John Chen: Tale of a Turnaround|last=Gallant|first=Eric Knorr and John|work=ITworld|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref> turning the struggling enterprise software and services organization [[Sybase]] into enough of a success to sign a merger with SAP in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.itworld.com/article/2757706/enterprise-software/why-would-sap-buy-sybase--hint--it-s-not-for-the-database-.html|title=Why would SAP buy Sybase? Hint: It's not for the database.|last=Patterson|first=Mark|work=ITworld|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Chen was open about his plans for BlackBerry upon joining the company, announcing his intent to move away from hardware manufacturing to focus on enterprise software such as QNX, BlackBerry UEM, and AtHoc. He has firm views on net neutrality and lawful access,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2015/01/blackberry-net-neutrality/|title=Net Neutrality: No on Reclassification, Yes on Adding Content & App Providers|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2016/04/lawful-access-corporate-citizenship-and-doing-whats-right/|title=Lawful Access, Corporate Citizenship and Doing What's Right|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref> and has been described by former colleagues as a "quick thinker who holds people accountable".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/who-is-john-chen-the-man-named-to-rescue-blackberry/article15240527/|title=Meet BlackBerry's John Chen, turnaround artist|last=SILCOFF|first=SEAN|date=November 4, 2013|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en-ca}}</ref>

===Workforce reductions===
In June 2011, RIM announced its prediction that Q1 2011 revenue would drop for the first time in nine years, and also unveiled plans to reduce its workforce.

In July 2011, the company cut 2,000 jobs, the biggest lay-off in its history and the first major layoff since November 12, 2002, when the company laid off 10% of its workforce (200 employees).<ref>McQueen, Rod. BlackBerry. pp 201. Key Porter Books. 2010</ref> The lay-off reduced the workforce by around 11%, from 19,000 employees to 17,000.<ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Gurmukh|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/grim-scenes-blackberry-cuts-2-000-jobs-050931571.html|title=Grim scenes as Blackberry cuts 2,000 jobs|publisher=Yahoo!|date=July 26, 2011|access-date=September 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709093454/http://in.news.yahoo.com/grim-scenes-blackberry-cuts-2-000-jobs-050931571.html|archive-date=July 9, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On June 28, 2012, the company announced a planned workforce reduction of 5,000 by the end of its fiscal 2013, as part of a $1 billion cost savings initiative.<ref name="RIM News Release"/>

On July 25, 2013, 250 employees from BlackBerry's research and development department and new product testing were laid off. The layoffs were part of the turnaround efforts.<ref>{{cite web|title=BlackBerry Fired 250 People Today|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/blackberry-layoffs-2013-7|publisher=Business Insider|date=July 25, 2013}}</ref>

On September 20, 2013, BlackBerry confirmed that the company will have a massive layoff of 4,500 employees by the end of 2013. This would be approximately 40 percent of the company's workforce.<ref>{{cite web|title=BlackBerry Confirms Massive Layoffs, Reveals ~$1 Billion Loss In Q2 2014|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/09/20/blackberry-confirms-massive-layoffs-reveals-1-billion-loss-in-q2-2014/|publisher=TechCrunch|date=September 20, 2013}}</ref>

BlackBerry had at its peak about 20,000 employees. After CEO John Chen joined BlackBerry in 2013 there were additional layoffs in February 2015 to compete with smartphones, at which point the total employees numbered 6,225. On July 21, 2015, BlackBerry announced an additional layoff of an unspecified number of employees,<ref name="BBcut">{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/tech_news/2015/07/21/blackberry-cuts-jobs-shifts-employees-as-part-of-turnaround-plan.html|title=BlackBerry cuts jobs, shifts employees as part of turnaround plan|date=July 21, 2014|work=The Star|location=Toronto|author=David Friend}}</ref> with another 200 laid off in February 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/02/05/smartphone-company-blackberry-cutting-staff-including-75-employees-in-florida_n_9169572.html|title=BlackBerry Layoffs To Affect 200 Workers In Canada, Florida|website=HuffPost Canada|access-date=June 22, 2017|date=February 5, 2016|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926051922/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/02/05/smartphone-company-blackberry-cutting-staff-including-75-employees-in-florida_n_9169572.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{As of|February 2022}}, the company had 3,225 employees.<ref name=10K />

==Stock fluctuations==
In June 2011, RIM stock fell to its lowest point since 2006.<ref>{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Hugo|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-16/rim-forecast-misses-estimates-as-lack-of-new-blackberry-models-hurts-sales.html|title=RIM Drops to Four-Year Low After Forecast Misses Estimates|publisher=Bloomberg|date=June 17, 2011|access-date=September 19, 2011}}</ref> On December 16, 2011, RIM shares fell to their lowest price since January 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-15/rim-forecast-misses-analyst-estimates?category=%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2F|title=RIM Shares Tumble on Delayed BlackBerry|date=December 16, 2011|work=Bloomberg|access-date=December 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522153622/http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-15/rim-forecast-misses-analyst-estimates?category=%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2F|archive-date=May 22, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Overall in 2011, the share price tumbled 80 percent from January to December, causing its market capitalization to fall below book value. By March 2012, shares were worth less than $14, from a high of over $140 in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.finance.yahoo.com/blogs/insight/2011-rim-fell-earth-152926790.html|title=2011: The year RIM fell to earth|last=Levy|first=Carmi|date=December 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/business/Analysts+ripe+takeover/4983675/story.html?cid=megadrop_story|title=Analysts say RIM ripe for takeover|publisher=Ottawacitizen.com|date=June 21, 2011|access-date=September 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625111447/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/business/Analysts%2Bripe%2Btakeover/4983675/story.html?cid=megadrop_story|archive-date=June 25, 2011}}</ref> From June 2008 to June 2011, RIM's shareholders lost almost $70&nbsp;billion, or 82 percent, as the company's market capitalization dropped from $83&nbsp;billion to $13.6&nbsp;billion, the biggest decline among communications-equipment providers.

Shares price fell further on July 16, closing at $7.09 on the Toronto Stock Exchange, the lowest level since September 8, 2003, after a jury in California said RIM must pay $147.2 million as a result of a patent infringement judgment that was subsequently overturned.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2012/07/16/rim-shares-take-hit-after-blackberry-maker-ordered-to-pay-147m-in-patent-suit/|title=RIM shares take hit after BlackBerry maker ordered to pay $147M in patent suit|newspaper=Financial Post|publisher=The Canadian Press|date=July 16, 2012|access-date=July 17, 2012}}</ref>

On November 22, 2012, shares of RIM/BlackBerry surged 18%, the largest gain of the stock in over three years. This was due to [[National Bank of Canada]] analyst Kris Thompson's announcement that the new BB10 devices were expected to sell better than anticipated; along with raising the target stock price.

On June 28, 2013, after BlackBerry announced net losses of approximately $84 million,<ref>{{cite web|title=BlackBerry reports Q1 net loss of $84 million|url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/blackberry-reports-q1-net-loss-of-84-million-revenue-increases/|work=Canadian Business|access-date=June 30, 2013|archive-date=August 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817210356/https://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/blackberry-reports-q1-net-loss-of-84-million-revenue-increases/|url-status=dead}}</ref> its shares plunged 28%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Hugo|title=Even BlackBerry faithful waver after Z10 flop hobbles comeback|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2013/07/01/even-blackberry-faithful-waver-after-z10-flop-hobbles-comeback/?__lsa=ba9b-f2b2|work=National Post|date=July 2013|access-date=July 1, 2013}}</ref>

On April 12, 2017, shares surged more than 19% as BlackBerry won an arbitration case against Qualcomm. It was decided that BlackBerry had been overpaying the company in royalty payments, and BlackBerry was awarded $814.9 million.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cheng |first1=Evelyn |date=April 12, 2017 |title=BlackBerry shares surge 19% after $815 million reward from Qualcomm |work=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/12/blackberry-shares-surge-more-than-15-after-815-million-reward-from-qualcomm.html |access-date=April 23, 2023}}</ref>

===Rumoured Samsung buyout===
On January 14, 2015, in the final hour of trading in U.S. markets, [[Reuters]] published that Samsung was in talks with BlackBerry to buy the latter for between $13.35 and $15.49 per share.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/14/us-blackberry-m-a-samsung-exclusive-idUSKBN0KN2FW20150114|title=Exclusive: Samsung talks to BlackBerry about $7.5 billion buyout – source|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114222831/https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/14/us-blackberry-m-a-samsung-exclusive-idUSKBN0KN2FW20150114|archive-date=January 14, 2015}}</ref> The article caused shares of BlackBerry to rally 30%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/bbry/historical|title=BlackBerry Limited (BBRY) Historical Prices & Data|publisher=NASDAQ}}</ref> Later that evening, BlackBerry issued a press release denying the media reports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://press.blackberry.com/press/2015/blackberry-responds-to-media-report.html|title=BlackBerry Responds to Media Report|work=blackberry.com}}</ref> Samsung responded, saying that the report is "groundless".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-14/blackberry-climbs-on-report-samsung-made-acquisition-proposal.html|title=BlackBerry, Samsung Deny They're in Talks About a Deal|author=Gerrit De Vynck|date=January 14, 2015|work=Bloomberg News}}</ref>

==Mobile OS transition==
{{tone|section|date=May 2013}}

===BlackBerry OS (Java)===
{{Main|BlackBerry OS}}
<nowiki>The existing</nowiki>{{When|date=April 2023}} <nowiki>Java-based BlackBerry OS was intended to operate under much different, simpler conditions such as low powered devices, narrow network bandwidth, and high-security enterprises. However, as the needs of the mobile user evolved, the aging platform struggled with emerging trends like mobile web browsing, consumer applications, multimedia and touch screen interfaces. Users could experience performance issues, usability problems and instability.</nowiki><ref name="theglobeandmail.com"/>

The company tried to enhance the aging platform with a better web browser, faster performance, a bundled application store and various touch screen enhancements, but ultimately decided to build a new platform with QNX at its core.<ref name="Marlow"/><ref name="verge">{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/2/21/2789676/rim-blackberry-mike-lazaridis-jim-balsillie-lost-empire|title=Research, no motion: How the BlackBerry CEOs lost an empire|first=Jesse|last=Hicks|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=March 9, 2013}}</ref> While most other operating systems are monolithic{{emdash}}the malfunction of one area would cause the whole system to crash – QNX<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartphonetopics.com/news/blackberry/|title=SMT|first=Jesse|last=Alex|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=March 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413035942/http://www.smartphonetopics.com/news/blackberry/|archive-date=April 13, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> is more stable because it uses independent building blocks or "kernels", preventing a domino effect if one kernel breaks.<ref name="Garside"/> RIM's final major OS release before the release of BlackBerry 10, was BlackBerry 7, which was often criticized as dated and referred to as a temporary stopgap.

===BlackBerry Tablet OS (QNX)===
{{Main|BlackBerry Tablet OS}}
The BlackBerry PlayBook was the first RIM product whose BlackBerry Tablet OS was built on QNX, launched in April 2011 as an alternative to the Apple [[iPad]]. However, it was criticized for having incomplete software (it initially lacked native email, calendaring and contacts) and a poor app selection. It fared poorly until prices were substantially reduced, like most other tablet computers released that year (Android tablets such as the [[Motorola Xoom]] and [[Samsung Galaxy Tab]], and the [[HP TouchPad]]). The BlackBerry Tablet OS received a major update in February 2012, as well as numerous minor updates.

===BlackBerry 10 (QNX)===
{{Main|BlackBerry 10}}
BlackBerry 10, a substantially updated version of BlackBerry Tablet OS intended for the next generation BlackBerry smartphones, was originally planned for release in early 2012. The company delayed the product several times, remembering the criticism faced by the BlackBerry Playbook launch and citing the need for it to be perfect in order to stand a chance in the market. The most recent model with this OS was the [[BlackBerry Leap]].

===Android===
{{Main|BlackBerry Priv|BlackBerry DTEK50|BlackBerry DTEK60|BlackBerry Mobile}}
In September 2015, BlackBerry announced the Priv, a handset running Android 5.1.1 "Lollipop". It is the first phone by the company not to run an in-house built operating system. The version of Android running on the Priv is very similar to the standard version developed by Google, with some changes to improve productivity and security. BlackBerry has implemented some of the features of BlackBerry 10 within Android, such as BlackBerry Hub, BlackBerry Virtual Keyboard, BlackBerry Calendar, and BlackBerry Contacts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/products/devices/overview|title=Secure Smartphones - Secure Devices - BlackBerry Devices|website=www.blackberry.com}}</ref>

On April 1, 2016, BlackBerry reported that it sold 600,000 phones in its fiscal fourth quarter, amid expectations of 750,000–800,000 handset sales for the first full quarter of reporting since the Priv's release.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cheng|first1=Roger|title=Not even Google's Android can pull BlackBerry out of its tailspin|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/blackberry-all-of-a-sudden-wont-say-how-many-android-powered-priv-phones-its-sold/|website=CNET|access-date=April 1, 2016}}</ref>

On July 26, 2016, a new, mid-range model with only an on-screen keyboard was introduced, the unusually slim [[BlackBerry DTEK50]], powered by the then-latest version of Android (6.0, Marshmallow) and featuring a 5.2-inch full high-definition display. BlackBerry chief security officer David Kleidermacher stressed data security during the launch, indicating that this model included built-in malware protection and encryption of all user information. By then, the [[BlackBerry Classic]], which used the BlackBerry 10 OS, had been discontinued.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/blackberry-dtek50-1.3695450|title=BlackBerry launching new smartphone with emphasis on beefed up security|author=The Canadian Press<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=July 26, 2016|website=CBC News|publisher=CBC|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/blackberry-dtek50-eschews-the-keyboard-but-keeps-android/|title=BlackBerry's cheaper DTEK 50 skips the keyboard, but keeps Android|last=Cheng|first=Roger|date=July 26, 2016|website=CNET|publisher=CBS Interactive, Inc.|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref>

In July 2016, industry observers expected the company to announce two additional smartphones over the subsequent 12 months, presumably also with the Android OS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/138326-blackberry-dtek50-release-date-specs-and-everything-you-need-to-know|title=BlackBerry DTEK50: Release date, specs and everything you need to know|last=Bunton|first=Cam|date=July 26, 2016|website=Pocket Lint|publisher=Pocket Lint Ltd.|access-date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> However, BlackBerry COO Marty Beard told Bloomberg that "The company's never said that we would not build another BB10 device."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ubergizmo.com/2016/07/blackberry-bb10-smartphones-in-the-future/|title=BlackBerry Not Ruling Out Future BB10 Smartphones|last=Lee|first=Tyler|website=Ubergizmo|access-date=July 27, 2016|quote=However with the rumors suggesting multiple Android devices in the works, we have to wonder where they will find the time to launch BB10 devices.}}</ref>

At MWC Barcelona 2017, TCL announced the [[BlackBerry KeyOne]]. The KeyOne is the last phone designed in-house by BlackBerry.

==Acquisitions==
Through the years, particularly as the company evolved towards its new platform, BlackBerry has made numerous acquisitions of third-party companies and technology.

===Slipstream Data Inc.===
Slipstream Data Inc was a network optimization/data compression/network acceleration software company. BlackBerry acquired the company as a wholly owned subsidiary on July 11, 2006. The company continues to operate out of Waterloo.

===Certicom===
'''Certicom Corp.''' is a cryptography company founded in 1985 by [[Gordon Agnew]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Technology Transfer Partners of University of Waterloo|publisher=[[University of Waterloo]] web site|url=http://www.ece.uwaterloo.ca/Partnership/CurrentPartners/TechnologyTransfer/|access-date=March 19, 2007}}</ref> Ron Mullin <!-- They primarily deal with ... --> and [[Scott Vanstone]].

The Certicom [[intellectual property portfolio]] includes over 350 patents and patents pending worldwide that cover key aspects of [[elliptic-curve cryptography]] (ECC).<ref>{{cite news |title=Patents key to Certicom's future |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/patents-key-to-certicoms-future/article17996968/ |website=Globe and Mail |date=June 12, 2007 |access-date=April 18, 2021|last1=Shufelt |first1=Tim }}</ref>

The [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) has licensed 26 of Certicom's ECC patents as a way of clearing the way for the implementation of elliptic curves to protect U.S. and allied government information.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nsa.gov/business/programs/elliptic_curve.shtml|title=The Case for Elliptic Curve Cryptography - NSA/CSS|work=nsa.gov|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117023500/http://www.nsa.gov/business/programs/elliptic_curve.shtml|archive-date=January 17, 2009}}</ref>

Certicom's current customers include [[General Dynamics]], Motorola, [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], Research In Motion and [[Unisys]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.certicom.com/content/certicom/en/about/news/release/2007/certicom-opens-design-center-in-the-heart-of-silicon-valley-to-d.html|title=CERTICOM OPENS DESIGN CENTER IN THE HEART OF SILICON VALLEY TO DEVELOP NEXT-GENERATION CRYPTO TECHNOLOGY|website=www.certicom.com|access-date=October 25, 2019}}</ref>

On January 23, 2009, [[VeriSign]] entered into an agreement to acquire Certicom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://press.verisign.com/easyir/customrel.do?easyirid=AFC0FF0DB5C560D3&version=live&prid=468323&releasejsp=custom_97|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728033100/https://press.verisign.com/easyir/customrel.do?easyirid=AFC0FF0DB5C560D3&version=live&prid=468323&releasejsp=custom_97|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 28, 2011|title=News from VeriSign, Inc|publisher=Press.verisign.com|access-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> Research In Motion put in a counter-offer, which was deemed superior.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.certicom.com/index.php/2009-press-releases/59-2009-press-releases/721-certicom-determines-that-3-per-share-rim-offer-is-a-superior-proposal|title=Certicom Announces Agreement for Acquisition by RIM for C$3.00 per Common Share|date=February 5, 2009|publisher=Certicom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213112636/http://www.certicom.com/index.php/2009-press-releases/59-2009-press-releases/721-certicom-determines-that-3-per-share-rim-offer-is-a-superior-proposal|archive-date=February 13, 2009|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> VeriSign did not match this offer,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.certicom.com/index.php/2009-press-releases/59-2009-press-releases/722-certicom-receives-notification-from-verisign-that-it-will-not-match-rim-offer|title=Certicom Receives Notification from VeriSign that it Will Not Match RIM Offer|date=February 10, 2009|publisher=Certicom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213085945/http://www.certicom.com/index.php/2009-press-releases/59-2009-press-releases/722-certicom-receives-notification-from-verisign-that-it-will-not-match-rim-offer|archive-date=February 13, 2009|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> and so Certicom announced an agreement to be acquired by RIM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.certicom.com/index.php/2009-press-releases/59-2009-press-releases/723-certicom-announces-agreement-for-acquisition-by-rim-for-c300-per-common-share|title=Certicom Announces Agreement for Acquisition by RIM for C$3.00 per Common Share|date=February 10, 2009|publisher=Certicom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003013611/http://www.certicom.com/index.php/2009-press-releases/59-2009-press-releases/723-certicom-announces-agreement-for-acquisition-by-rim-for-c300-per-common-share|archive-date=October 3, 2009|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> Upon the completion of this transaction, Certicom became a wholly owned subsidiary of RIM, and was de-listed from the Toronto Stock Exchange on March 25, 2009.

===Dash Navigation===
In June 2009, RIM announced they would acquire [[Dash Navigation]], makers of the [[Dash Express]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Lendino|first=Jamie|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2348281,00.asp|title=Research in Motion Acquires Dash Navigation & Opinion|publisher=PCMag.com|date=June 5, 2009|access-date=February 18, 2011}}</ref>

===Torch Mobile===
In August 2009, RIM acquired Torch Mobile, developer of [[Iris Browser]], enabling the inclusion of a [[WebKit]]-based browser on their BlackBerry devices, which became the web browser in subsequent Java-based operating systems (BlackBerry 6, BlackBerry 7) and operating systems (QNX based BlackBerry Tablet OS and BlackBerry 10). The first product to contain this browser, the BlackBerry Torch 9800, was named after the company.

===DataViz===
On September 8, 2010, '''[[DataViz|DataViz, Inc.]]''' sold their office suite [[Documents To Go]] and other assets to Research In Motion for $50&nbsp;million.<ref name="PCRIM">{{cite web|last=Bradley|first=Tony|title=RIM Buys "Documents To Go", But Microsoft Missed Out|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/205025/rim_buys_documents_to_go_but_microsoft_missed_out.html?tk=hp_new|publisher=PC World|access-date=September 8, 2010|date=September 8, 2010|archive-date=January 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123015419/https://www.pcworld.com/article/205025/rim_buys_documents_to_go_it_should_have_been_microsoft.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Subsequently, the application which allows users to view and edit [[Microsoft Word]], [[Microsoft Excel]] and [[Microsoft PowerPoint]] was bundled on BlackBerry Smartphones and tablets.

===Viigo===
On March 26, 2010, the company announced its acquisition of Viigo, a Toronto-based company that developed the popular Viigo for BlackBerry applications, which aggregated news content from around the web. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://paidcontent.org/article/419-rim-acquires-blackberry-app-maker-viigo/|title=RIM Acquires BlackBerry-App Maker Viigo|date=March 28, 2010|access-date=March 29, 2010|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802044732/https://gigaom.com/2010/03/26/419-rim-acquires-blackberry-app-maker-viigo/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===QNX===
{{anchor|QNX}} RIM reached an agreement with [[Harman International]] on April 12, 2010, for RIM to acquire QNX Software Systems. The acquired company was to serve as the foundation for the next generation BlackBerry platform that crossed devices.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=3766|title=Research In Motion to Acquire QNX Software Unit from Harman International|date=April 9, 2010|access-date=April 12, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412080414/http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=3766|archive-date=April 12, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.qnx.com/news/pr_4114_1.html|title=Research In Motion to Acquire QNX Software Systems from Harman International|date=April 2010|access-date=April 12, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9F1L0001.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415213329/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9F1L0001.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 15, 2010|title=Research in Motion to buy QNX Software|date=April 12, 2010|access-date=April 12, 2010}}</ref> QNX became the platform for the BlackBerry PlayBook and BlackBerry 10 Smartphones.

===The Astonishing Tribe===
'''The Astonishing Tribe''' ('''TAT'''), a user interface design company based in [[Malmö]], Sweden, was acquired by the company on December 2, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last=Waddell|first=Nick|url=http://www.cantechletter.com/2010/12/is-rim-set-to-make-an-astonishing-comeback-with-the-astonishing-tribe|title=Is RIM set to make an astonishing comeback with The Astonishing Tribe?|work=[[Cantech Letter]]|date=December 3, 2010|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="AndroidAnnouncement">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2010/12/rim-welcomes-tat/|title=RIM welcomes TAT!|access-date=December 2, 2010|date=December 2, 2010|publisher=Research In Motion Inc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623001758/http://blogs.blackberry.com/2010/12/rim-welcomes-tat/|archive-date=June 23, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> With a history of creating user interfaces and applications for mobile, TAT contributed heavily to the user experience of BlackBerry 10 as well as the development of its [[Graphical user interface|GUI]] framework, Cascades.

===JayCut===
In July 2011, RIM brought on JayCut, a Sweden-based company that is an online video editor.<ref name="JayCut">{{cite news|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/rim-adds-another-deck-chair-with-jaycut/53042|title=RIM adds another deck chair with JayCut|last=King|first=Rachel|work=ZDNet|date=July 22, 2011|access-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref> JayCut technology was incorporated into the media software of BlackBerry 10.<ref name="JayCut" />

===Paratek Microwave===
In March 2012, RIM acquired Paratek Microwave,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.berryreview.com/2012/03/08/rim-acquires-paratek-microwave-inc-for-rf-tuning-technologies/|title=RIM Acquires Paratek Microwave Inc for RF Tuning Technologies|date=March 8, 2012|work=BerryReview|access-date=January 24, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> bringing their adaptive RF Tuning technology into BlackBerry handsets.

===Tungle.me===
On September 18, 2012, it was announced that the RIM social calendaring service,<ref name="tech-tungle">{{cite news|last=Lardinois|first=Frederic|title=RIM To Shut Down Tungle.Me, Team Will Focus On BlackBerry 10 Calendar App|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/18/rim-to-shut-down-tungle-me-team-will-focus-on-blackberry-10-calendar-app/|work=TechCrunch|access-date=February 5, 2015|date=September 18, 2012|quote=Last year, BlackBerry maker RIM acquired the social calendaring app Tungle.me.}}</ref> Tungle.me would be shut down on December 3, 2012. RIM acquired Tungle.me in April 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tungle.me/Home/life-is-about-the-journey/|title=Life is About the Journey|website=Tungle.me|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920040013/http://www.tungle.me/Home/life-is-about-the-journey/|archive-date=September 20, 2012|access-date=September 18, 2012}}</ref>

===Newbay===
In July 2011, RIM acquired NewBay, an Irish-based company that is an online video, pics and tool for media networks editor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tecno.americaeconomia.com/noticias/rim-compra-irlandesa-newbay|title=RIM compra irlandesa NewBay|trans-title=RIM buys NewBay Irish|date=July 10, 2011|website=AETecno|publisher=AméricaEconomía|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009172520/http://tecno.americaeconomia.com/noticias/rim-compra-irlandesa-newbay|archive-date=October 9, 2011}}</ref> RIM subsequently sold NewBay to Synchronoss in December 2012 for $55.5 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=197199&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1769833|title=Investor Relations - Press Release|work=Synchronoss}}</ref>

===Scoreloop===
{{Main|Scoreloop}}
On June 7, 2011, Scoreloop was acquired by BlackBerry for US$71 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/business-technology/rim-buys-social-game-maker-scoreloop/article582447/|title=RIM buys social game maker Scoreloop|access-date=August 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sramanamitra.com/2011/06/29/will-rim-end-up-in-dells-arms/|title=Will RIM End Up In Dell's Arms?|date=June 29, 2011|work=Sramana Mitra|access-date=August 24, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> It provided tools for adding social elements to any game (achievements/rewards etc.) and was central to the BlackBerry 10's Games [[mobile application|app]]. On December 1, 2014, all Scoreloop services were shut down.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scoreloop : Termination Notice|url=http://www.scoreloop.com/|website=scoreloop.com|access-date=May 24, 2015}}</ref>

===Gist===
Gist was acquired in February 2011, by BlackBerry. Gist is a tool that helps users to organise and view all their contacts in one place. Gist's services closed down on September 15, 2012, in order for the company to focus on BlackBerry 10.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bla1ze|url=http://crackberry.com/gistcom-sunsets-company-goes-all-rim-and-blackberry-10|title=Gist.com sunsets as the company goes all in with RIM and BlackBerry 10|work=CrackBerry|date=August 15, 2012|access-date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>

===Scroon===
BlackBerry Ltd. acquired Scroon in May 2013. The French startup manages Facebook, Twitter and other social-media accounts for large clients like luxury-good maker LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA, wireless operator Orange SA (ORA) and Warner Bros. Entertainment. The deal was publicly announced in November 2013. According to Scroon founder, [[Alexandre Mars]], he had not disclosed the purchase by BlackBerry before because of the "delicate media buzz" around the company. Scroon is part of BlackBerry's strategy to profit from the [[BlackBerry Messenger]] instant-messaging service by utilizing the newly unveiled BBM Channels. Financial terms were not disclosed.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zeis|first=Adam|url=http://m.crackberry.com/blackberry-acquired-community-management-company-scroon-may|title=BlackBerry acquired community management company Scroon in May|work=CrackBerry|date=November 21, 2013|access-date=July 9, 2014}}</ref>

===Movirtu===
Movirtu was acquired in September 2014, by BlackBerry. Movirtu is a U.K. startup that allows multiple phone numbers to be active on a single mobile device. At the time of the acquisition BlackBerry announced they would expand this functionality beyond BlackBerry 10 to other mobile platforms such as Android and iOS.<ref>{{cite web|last=Protalinski|first=Emil|url=https://thenextweb.com/mobile/2014/09/11/blackberry-acquires-virtual-sim-startup-movirtu-plans-support-major-smartphone-operating-systems/|title=BlackBerry acquires virtual SIM startup Movirtu, plans to support all major smartphone operating systems|publisher=thenextweb|date=September 11, 2014|access-date=February 14, 2015}}</ref>

===Secusmart===
Secusmart was acquired in September 2014. The German-based company was one of the steps to position BlackBerry as the most secure provider in the mobile market. Secusmart had the agreement to equip the German Government with high secure mobile devices that encrypt voice as well as data on BlackBerry 10 devices. Those phones are currently in use by Angela Merkel and most of the ministers as well as several Departments and the Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2014/07/blackberrys-acquisition-of-secusmart-gets-positive-reviews-from-media-analysts/|title=BlackBerry's Acquisition of Secusmart Rocks the Web - Inside BlackBerry|work=blackberry.com}}</ref>

===WatchDox===
{{Main|WatchDox}}
WatchDox was an Israel-based [[Enterprise file synchronization and sharing|Enterprise File Synchronization and Sharing company]] which specialized in securing access to documents on a cloud basis. BlackBerry acquired the company in April 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2015/04/securing-your-mobile-corporate-content-a-conversation-with-watchdox-and-blackberry/|title=Securing Your Mobile Corporate Content: A Conversation with WatchDox and BlackBerry|work=blackberry.com}}</ref> On December 8, 2016, BlackBerry renamed WatchDox to BlackBerry Workspaces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2016/12/12/what-blackberry-aims-to-achieve-with-its-latest-security-offering/#2ab8aee52ab8|title=What BlackBerry Aims To Achieve With Its Latest Security Offering|last=Speculations|first=Great|work=Forbes|access-date=June 22, 2017}}</ref>

In August 2019, BlackBerry closed down its Israel development center.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-blackberry-to-close-israel-development-center-1001298367|title=BlackBerry to close Israel development center|date=August 25, 2019|newspaper=Globes|language=he|access-date=September 10, 2019}}</ref>

===AtHoc===
On July 22, 2015, BlackBerry announced that it had acquired AtHoc, a provider of secure, networked emergency communications.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-blackberry-m-a-idUSKCN0PW19F20150722|title=BlackBerry to buy messaging alerts firm AtHoc to expand software base|date=July 22, 2015|work=Reuters|access-date=June 22, 2017}}</ref>

===Good Technology===
{{Main|Good Technology}}
On September 4, 2015, BlackBerry announced the acquisition of mobile security provider [[Good Technology]] for $425 million.<ref name="Crackberrysept15">{{cite news|title=BlackBerry to acquire Good Technology for $425 million|first=Rich|last=Edmonds|date=September 4, 2015|work=Crackberry|url=http://crackberry.com/blackberry-acquire-good-technology-425-million}}</ref> On December 8, 2016, it rebranded Good's products and integrated them into the BlackBerry Enterprise Mobility Suite, a set of tiered software offerings for its enterprise customers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2016/12/is-your-enterprise-mobile-strategy-good-now-its-even-better-with-blackberry-enterprise-mobility-suite/|title=Is Your Enterprise Mobile Strategy Good? Now It's Even Better with BlackBerry Enterprise Mobility Suite|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

===Encription===
On February 24, 2016, BlackBerry acquired UK-based cyber security consultancy Encription.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/02/24/blackberry-buys-uks-encription-ltd-to-kickstart-its-new-cybersecurity-consultancy/|title=BlackBerry Buys UK's Encription To Kickstart A New Cybersecurity Consultancy|work=TechCrunch|last=Lunden|first=Ingrid|access-date=June 22, 2017}}</ref>

===Cylance===
On November 16, 2018, Cylance was purchased for US$1.4 billion by BlackBerry Limited in an all cash deal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-16/blackberry-spends-1-4-billion-on-cybersecurity-firm-cylance|title=BlackBerry to Buy Security Firm Cylance for $1.4 Billion|first=Jeremy|last=Kahn|date=November 16, 2018|work=Bloomberg|access-date=May 6, 2019}}</ref> The technology behind Cylance would enable BlackBerry to add artificial intelligence capabilities to its existing software products for IoT applications and other services. Cylance will run as a separate division within BlackBerry Limited's current operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2018/11/16/blackberry-cylance-acquisition/|title=BlackBerry Will Buy Cybersecurity Firm Cylance for $1.4 Billion|website=Fortune|date=November 16, 2018}}</ref>

==Software==
===BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager (UEM)===
{{See also|BlackBerry Enterprise Server}}
An [[Enterprise mobility management|Enterprise Mobility Management]] platform that provides provisional and access control over smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktops with support for all major platforms including iOS, Android (including Android for Work and Samsung KNOX), BlackBerry 10, Windows 10, and Mac OS. UEM (formerly known as BES) also acts as a unified management console and server for BlackBerry Dynamics, BlackBerry Workspaces, and BlackBerry 2FA.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.brianmadden.com/opinion/BlackBerry-has-integrated-all-their-EMM-acquisitions-Now-they-need-a-fresh-marketing-effort|title=BlackBerry has integrated all their EMM acquisitions. Now they need a fresh marketing effort.|work=BrianMadden|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801205412/https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Blackberry-Secure-Work-Space|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===BlackBerry Dynamics (Formerly Good Dynamics)===
A [[Mobile application management|Mobile Application Management]] platform that manages and secures app data through [[application virtualization]]. The BlackBerry Dynamics suite of apps includes email, calendar, contacts, tasks, instant messaging, browsing, and document sharing. The BlackBerry Dynamics SDK allows developers to utilize the platform's security, and add functionality from BlackBerry's other solutions into their applications.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2016/12/why-blackberry-dynamics-could-be-the-missing-piece-of-your-app-security-puzzle/|title=Why BlackBerry Dynamics Could Be the Missing Piece of Your App Security Puzzle|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

===BlackBerry Workspaces (Formerly WatchDox)===
An Enterprise File Synchronization and Sharing (EFSS) platform, Workspaces provides file-level [[digital rights management]] controls alongside file synchronization and sharing functionality.

===BlackBerry 2FA (Formerly Strong Authentication)===
A two-factor, certificate-based VPN authentication solution that allows users to authenticate without requiring PINs or passwords.

===BBM Enterprise===
{{main|BBM Enterprise}}
An IP-based enterprise instant messaging platform that provides [[end-to-end encryption]] for voice, video, and text-based communication. On February 7, 2017, Blackberry released the BBM Enterprise SDK, a "Communications Platform as a Service" kit that allows developers to incorporate BBM Enterprise's messaging capabilities into their own applications. Said capabilities include secure messaging, voice, video, file sharing, and presence information.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.itworldcanada.com/article/blackberry-picks-fight-with-twilio-opens-up-bbm-enterprise-to-developers/390555|title=BlackBerry picks fight with Twilio, opens up BBM Enterprise to developers|work=IT World Canada|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>

===BlackBerry AtHoc===
An emergency communication system, AtHoc provides two-way messaging and notifications across a range of devices and platforms. On May 17, 2017, BlackBerry released AtHoc Account to help businesses more easily keep track of their staff in an emergency.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2017/05/leave-no-one-behind-with-the-new-blackberry-athoc-account/|title=Leave No One Behind with the New BlackBerry AtHoc Account|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

====SecuSUITE====
An anti-eavesdropping solution that provides voice, data, and SMS encryption.

===BlackBerry QNX===
{{Main|QNX}}
A real-time embedded operating system, QNX drives multiple software systems in modern auto vehicles, and forms the basis of solutions like BlackBerry Radar, an IoT-based asset tracking system for the transportation industry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.blackberry.com/2016/03/iot-enabled-blackberry-radar-will-empower-truck-companies-to-cut-theft-boost-profits/|title=IoT-Enabled BlackBerry Radar Will Empower Truck Companies to Cut Theft, Boost Profits|access-date=June 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

===BlackBerry IVY===

BlackBerry IVY is an edge-to-cloud vehicle data platform.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mitsubishi Electric Selects BlackBerry |url=https://www.aussieosbourne.com/2023/09/mitsubishi-electric-selects-blackberry.html |website=Aussie Osbourne |access-date=26 September 2023}}</ref>

==Patent litigation==
Since the turn of the century, RIM has been embroiled in a series of suits relating to alleged patent infringement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/09/24/palmstungsten_and_mims_target_rims/|title=Palm'sTungsten and MIMS target RIM's LIMs|last=Orlowski|first=Andrew|work=[[The Register]]|date=September 24, 2002|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>

===Glenayre Electronics===
In 2001, Research In Motion sued competitor Glenayre Electronics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glenayremessaging.com/messaging/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126222030/http://www.glenayremessaging.com/messaging/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 26, 2005|title=Glenayre Electronics home page}}</ref> Inc. for [[patent infringement]], partly in response to an earlier infringement suit filed by Glenayre against RIM. RIM sought an injunction to prevent Glenayre from infringing on RIM's "Single Mailbox Integration" patent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=530|title=Research In Motion Files Wireless Patent Complaint Against Glenayre Electronics, Inc.|date=May 17, 2001|publisher=Research In Motion|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717123154/http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=530|archive-date=July 17, 2009}}</ref> The suit was ultimately settled in favour of RIM.

===Good Technology===
In June 2002, Research In Motion filed suit against 2000 start-up and competitor Good Technology.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/07/12/rim_unleashes_more_lawyers/|title=RIM unleashes more lawyers on Good|work=The Register}}</ref>  RIM filed additional complaints throughout the year.<ref name="m.news.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/rim-sues-handspring-good/|title=RIM sues Handspring, Good|website=CNET}}</ref> In March 2004, Good agreed to a licensing deal, thereby settling the outstanding litigation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/03/28/good_technology_settles_with_lawsuits/|title=Good Technology settles with Lawsuits in Motion|work=The Register}}</ref>

===Handspring===
On September 16, 2002, Research In Motion was awarded a patent pertaining to keyboard design on hand-held e-mail devices. Upon receiving the patent, it proceeded to sue [[Handspring (company)|Handspring]] over its [[Palm Treo|Treo]] device.<ref name="m.news.com"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/09/19/rim_granted_handheld_email_patent/|title=RIM granted handheld email patent – clobbers Handspring|last=Orlowski|first=Andrew|date=September 19, 2002|work=The Register|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> Handspring eventually agreed to license RIM's patent and avoid further litigation in November of the same year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/11/05/handspring_settles_lawsuits_in_motion/|title=Handspring settles Lawsuits in Motion suit|work=The Register}}</ref>

===NTP===
{{See also|NTP, Inc.#RIM patent infringement litigation}}
During the appeals, RIM discovered new [[prior art]] that raised a "substantial new question of patentability" and filed for a [[reexamination]] of the [[NTP, Inc.|NTP patents]] in the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]]. That reexamination was conducted separately to the court cases for infringement. In February 2006, the [[USPTO]] rejected all of NTP's claims in three disputed patents. NTP appealed the decision, and the reexamination process was still ongoing as of July 2006 (See NTP, Inc. for details).<!-- Update needed -->

On March 3, 2006, RIM announced that it had settled its BlackBerry patent dispute with NTP.<ref name="Bb vs NTP">{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/03/03/technology/rimm_ntp/|title=BlackBerry maker, NTP ink $612 million settlement|last=Kelley|first=Rob|date=March 3, 2006|access-date=August 17, 2013|newspaper=money.cnn.com}}</ref> Under the terms of the settlement, RIM agreed to pay NTP US$612.5&nbsp;million<ref name="Bb vs NTP"/> in a "full and final settlement of all claims". In a statement, RIM said that "all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. The agreement eliminates the need for any further [[court proceeding]]s or [[court decision|decisions]] relating to [[damages]] or [[injunctive relief]]."<ref name="BB vs NTP 2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/03/03/rim_ntp_settle/|title=RIM puts $613m settlement in motion|last=Vance|first=Ashlee|author-link=Ashlee Vance|date=March 3, 2006|access-date=August 17, 2013|newspaper=The Register}}</ref>

===Xerox===
On July 17, 2003, while still embroiled in litigation with NTP and Good Technology, RIM filed suit against Xerox in the U.S. District of Hartford, Connecticut. The suit was filed in response to discussions about patents held by Xerox that might affect RIM's business and also asked that patents held by Xerox be invalidated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/07/29/lawsuits_in_motion_files_suit/|title=Lawsuits In Motion files suit against Xerox|first=Tony|last=Smith|date=July 29, 2003|work=The Register|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref>

===Visto===
On May 1, 2006, RIM was sued by Visto for infringement of four patents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ipcenter.bna.com/pic2/ip.nsf/id/BNAP-6PNTRU?OpenDocument|title=Intellectual Property Professional Information Center: Visto Corp. Sues BlackBerry Maker RIM|publisher=Ipcenter.bna.com|access-date=February 18, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820085251/http://ipcenter.bna.com/pic2/ip.nsf/id/BNAP-6PNTRU?OpenDocument|archive-date=August 20, 2009}}</ref> Though the patents were widely considered invalid and in the same veins as the NTP patents – with a judgement going against Visto in the U.K.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ipkitten.blogspot.com/2008/03/more-brinksmanship-as-rim-fends-off.html|title=More brinksmanship as RIM fends off Visto patent|last=Phillips|first=Jeremy|publisher=The IPKat|access-date=March 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://alpha.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Patents/2008/335.html|title=Judgement, [2008] EWHC 335 (Pat), Case No: HC-06-C03912 and HC-06-C04227|last=Floyd|first=Honourable Justice}}</ref> – RIM settled the lawsuit in the United States on July 16, 2009, with RIM agreeing to pay Visto US$267.5 million plus other undisclosed terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercewireless.com/press-releases/research-motion-and-visto-corporation-sign-definitive-agreement-settle-outstanding-li|title=Research In Motion and Visto Corporation Sign Definitive Agreement to Settle Outstanding Litigation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711000031/http://www.fiercewireless.com/press-releases/research-motion-and-visto-corporation-sign-definitive-agreement-settle-outstanding-li|archive-date=July 11, 2011}}</ref>

===Motorola===
On January 22, 2010, Motorola requested that all BlackBerry smartphones be banned from being imported into the United States for infringing upon five of Motorola's patents. Their patents for "early-stage innovations", including UI, power management and WiFi, are in question.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/01/22/motorola-asks-itc-to-ban-blackberry-imports/|title=Motorola asks ITC to ban BlackBerry imports|publisher=Engadget|access-date=February 18, 2011}}</ref>  RIM countersued later the same day, alleging anti-competitive behaviour and that Motorola had broken a 2003 licensing agreement by refusing to extend licensing terms beyond 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/18/RIM-motorola-patent-lawsuit-markets-equity_cx-md-marketsx15.html|title=It's War for RIM and Motorola|last=Desmond|first=Maurna|date=February 18, 2008|work=Forbes}}</ref>  The companies settled out of court on June 11, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.motorola.com/2019/09/05/motorola-one-zoom-perfect-every-perspective/|title=motorola one zoom: perfect from every perspective|website=The Official Motorola Blog}}</ref>

===Eatoni===
On December 5, 2011, Research In Motion obtained an order granting its motion to dismiss plaintiff [[Eatoni Ergonomics|Eatoni]]'s claims that RIM violated Section 2 of the [[Sherman Antitrust Act]] and equivalent portions of New York's Donnelly Act. Eatoni alleged that RIM's alleged infringement of plaintiff's '317 patent constituted an antitrust violation. Eatoni Ergonomics, Inc. v. Research In Motion Corp., No. 08-Civ. 10079 (WHP) (S.D.N.Y. {{not a typo|Dec 5}}, 2011), Memorandum and Order, p.&nbsp;1 (Pauley, J.).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/rim-defeats-sherman-act-section-2-claims-pleading-stage|title=RIM Defeats Sherman Act Section 2 Claims At Pleading Stage|date=December 30, 2011|publisher=The National Law Review|last=Nevins|first=Thomas|access-date=February 19, 2012}}</ref>

===Mformation===
In July 2012, a U.S. federal court jury awarded damages (later overturned) of $147 million against Research In Motion. The jury decided that Research In Motion had violated patents of [[Mformation]] and calculated damages of $8 each on 18.4 million units for royalties on past sales of devices to nongovernment U.S. customers only, not including future royalty payments inside and outside the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-13/research-in-motion-must-pay-147-2-million-in-mformation-suit.html|title=RIM Must Pay $147 Million Over Mformation Patent|last=Gullo|first=Karen|date=July 14, 2012|work=Bloomberg}}</ref> On August 9, 2012, that verdict was overturned on appeal. RIM had argued that Mformation's patent claims were invalid because the processes were already being used when Mformation filed its patent application. Judge James Ware said Mformation failed to establish that RIM had infringed on the company's patent.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2012/08/09/rim-wins-patent-appeal-but-samsung-denies-rumours-of-tie-up/|title=RIM wins patent appeal, but Samsung denies rumours of tie-up|date=August 9, 2012|publisher=Financial Post}}</ref>

===Qualcomm===
On May 26, 2017, BlackBerry announced that it had reached an agreement with Qualcomm Incorporated resolving all amounts payable in connection with the interim arbitration decision announced on April 12, 2017. Following a joint stipulation by the parties, the arbitration panel has issued a final award providing for the payment by Qualcomm to BlackBerry of a total amount of U.S.$940,000,000 including interest and attorneys' fees, net of certain royalties due from BlackBerry for calendar 2016 and the first quarter of calendar 2017.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2017/05/26/1297275/0/en/BlackBerry-Announces-Final-Award-in-Qualcomm-Arbitration.html|title=BlackBerry Announces Final Award in Qualcomm Arbitration|first=BlackBerry|last=Limited|date=May 26, 2017|website=GlobeNewswire News Room}}</ref>

===Facebook===
On March 8, 2018, Blackberry Limited sued [[Facebook|Facebook Inc]]. in federal court in [[Los Angeles]]. According to BlackBerry Limited, Facebook has built swaths of its empire on the messaging technology which was originally developed by them during the time when the Facebook chief, [[Mark Zuckerberg]], was still living in a [[Harvard University]] dorm room.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-07/blackberry-s-facebook-suit-is-latest-salvo-in-patent-battle|title=BlackBerry Seeks New Life From Old Patents to Stem Sales Decline|date=March 7, 2018|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=March 8, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Blackberry Limited alleges that many features of the Facebook messaging service infringe on Blackberry patents.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/06/blackberry-suing-facebook-for-patent-infringement.html|title=BlackBerry is suing Facebook for patent infringement|last=Shinal|first=Sara Salinas, John|date=March 6, 2018|work=CNBC|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> In January 2021, BlackBerry shares jumps 20% after settling patent dispute with Facebook.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=BlackBerry jumps 20% after settling patent dispute with Facebook|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/blackberry-jumps-settling-patent-infringement-suit-facebook-2021-1-1029983092|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

==Controversies==
{{criticism section|date=September 2015}}

===Stock option scandal settlement===
In 2007, co-CEO Jim Balsillie was forced to resign as chairman as the company announced a $250 million earnings restatement relating to mistakes in how it granted [[employee stock option|stock options]]. Furthermore, an internal review found that hundreds of stock-option grants had been backdated, timed to a low share price to make them more lucrative.<ref>{{cite web|last=Martin|first=Richard|url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/mobility/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197801695|title=RIM's Stock Options Blunder – RIM|publisher=InformationWeek|date=March 10, 2007|access-date=February 18, 2011|archive-date=June 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616021957/http://www.informationweek.com/news/mobility/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197801695|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In January 2009, Canadian regulators stated that they were seeking a record penalty of US$80 million from the top two executives, co-CEOs Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis. Furthermore, the [[Ontario Securities Commission]] (OSC) has pushed for Balsillie to pay the bulk of any penalty and relinquish his seat on RIM's board of directors for a period of time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.news.finance.yahoo.com/s/22012009/6/finance-rim-ceos-face-c-100-million-penalty-report.html|title=RIM CEOs may face C$100 million penalty: report – Yahoo! Canada Finance|publisher=Ca.news.finance.yahoo.com|access-date=February 18, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126113530/http://ca.news.finance.yahoo.com/s/22012009/6/finance-rim-ceos-face-c-100-million-penalty-report.html|archive-date=January 26, 2009}}</ref>

On February 5, 2009, several executives and directors of Research In Motion agreed to pay the penalties to settle an investigation into the backdating of stock options. The Ontario Securities Commission approved the arrangement in a closed-door meeting.

Under the terms of a settlement agreement with the OSC, RIM co-chief executive officers Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis, as well as chief operating officer Dennis Kavelman, will jointly pay a total of C$68-million to RIM to reimburse the company for losses from the backdating and for the costs of a long internal investigation. The three are also required to pay C$9-million to the OSC.

Initially, Balsillie had stepped down from RIM's board of directors temporarily for a year and remained in his executive role.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/technology/companies/06rim.html?ref=business|work=The New York Times|title=R.I.M. Officers Settle Backdating Case|date=February 6, 2009|access-date=April 10, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://business.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090205.wrimosc0205/BNStory/Business/home?cid=al_gam_mostemail|title=This page is available to GlobePlus subscribers|publisher=Business.theglobeandmail.com|access-date=February 18, 2011|location=Toronto|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208105534/http://business.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090205.wrimosc0205/BNStory/Business/home?cid=al_gam_mostemail|archive-date=February 8, 2009}}</ref> Balsille left the Board in January 2012 and stepped down from his executive role in March 2012.

===Environmental record===
In November 2011, RIM was ranked 15th out of 15 electronics manufacturers in [[Greenpeace]]'s re-launched Guide to Greener Electronics. The guide ranks manufacturers according to their policies and practices to reduce their impact on the climate, produce more environmentally friendly products, and make their operations more sustainable. RIM appeared for the first time in 2011 with a score of 1.6 out of 10. In the Energy section the company was criticized by Greenpeace for not seeking external verification for its data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for not having a clean electricity plan and for not setting a target to reduce [[Greenhouse gas emissions|GHG emissions]].<ref name="Guide to Greener Electronics">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-it/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/|title=Guide to Greener Electronics – Greenpeace International|publisher=Greenpeace International|access-date=November 16, 2011}}</ref>

RIM performed badly in the Products category, only scoring points for the energy efficiency of its products as it reports that its BlackBerry charger gets the European Commission IPP 4-star rating. Meanwhile, on Sustainable Operations the company scored well for its stance on [[conflict minerals]] and received points for its Paper Procurement Policy and its mail-back programme for e-waste. Nevertheless, RIM was given no points for the management of GHG emissions from its supply chain.<ref name="Guide to Greener Electronics"/>

In its 2012 report on progress relating to conflict minerals, the [[Enough Project]] rated RIM the sixth highest of 24 consumer electronics companies.<ref name='EnoughProject2012'>{{cite web|url=http://www.enoughproject.org/files/CorporateRankings2012.pdf|title=Taking Conflict Out of Consumer Gadgets: Company Rankings on Conflict Minerals 2012|access-date=August 17, 2012|last=Lezhnev|first=Sasha|author2=Alex Hellmuth|date=August 2012|publisher=[[Enough Project]]}}</ref>

===Service outages===
On October 10, 2011, RIM experienced one of the worst service outages in the company's history. Tens of millions of BlackBerry users in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and North America were unable to receive or send emails and BBM messages through their phones.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/oct/10/blackberry-outage-affects-bbm-services|title=BlackBerry service crash affects BBM messaging for millions|date=October 17, 2011|location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Charles|last=Arthur}}</ref> The outage was caused as a result of a core switch failure, "A transition to a back-up switch did not function as tested, causing a large backlog of data, RIM said."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ajc.com/business/blackberry-woes-caused-by-1198447.html|title=BlackBerry woes caused by 'core switch failure'|work=AJC|date=October 11, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012024414/http://www.ajc.com/business/blackberry-woes-caused-by-1198447.html|archive-date=October 12, 2011|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> Service was restored on October 13, with RIM announcing a $100 package of free premium apps for users and enterprise support extensions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rim.com/newsroom/service-update.shtml|title=BlackBerry Service Update|publisher=Rim.com|access-date=December 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=5214|title=Research In Motion Offers Free Premium Apps to Customers Following Service Interruptions|publisher=Press.rim.com|date=October 17, 2011|access-date=December 6, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206024515/http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=5214|archive-date=December 6, 2011}}</ref>

===Government access to communication===
After a four-year stand-off with the Indian government over access to RIM's secure networks, the company demonstrated a solution that can intercept consumer email and messaging traffic between BlackBerry handsets, and make these encrypted communications available to Indian security agencies. There continues to be no access to secure encrypted BlackBerry enterprise communications or corporate emails,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/telecom/blackberry-maker-research-in-motion-agrees-to-hand-over-its-encryption-keys-to-india/articleshow/15319701.cms|title=BlackBerry maker Research in Motion agrees to hand over its encryption keys to India|date=August 2, 2012|work=The Times Of India}}</ref> except through the Canadian [[Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act (Canada)|Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/canadian-police-obtained-blackberry-master-encryption-key/|title=Canadian police 'obtained' BlackBerry master encryption key|first=Zack|last=Whittaker|website=ZDNet}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of multinational corporations]]
* [[List of mobile phone brands by country]]
* [[BlackBerry]] (article about the brand of electronic devices)
* [[BlackBerry Mobile]]
* [[List of BlackBerry products]]
* [[List of mergers and acquisitions by BlackBerry]]
* [[Index of articles related to BlackBerry OS]]
* [[Science and technology in Canada]]
* {{portal-inline|Telephones}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|last=Sweeny|first=Alastair|year=2009|title=BlackBerry Planet: The Story of Research in Motion and the Little Device That Took the World by Storm|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGrtBbPlR7EC|location=Mississauga, Ontario|publisher=John Wiley & Sons Canada|isbn=978-0-470-15940-8|oclc=697523721}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
{{Finance links
| name = BlackBerry Limited
| symbol = BB
| sec_cik = 1070235
| yahoo = BB
| google = BB
| bloomberg = BB:US
}}
* [http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.blackberry_limited.faaf6206fb5241d3.html Hoovers - BlackBerry Ltd. profile]

{{BlackBerry}}
{{Electronics industry in Canada}}
{{Major mobile device companies}}
{{Authority control|state=expanded}}
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