Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Blockades of the Tolbiac center of University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Protest technique of shutting down part of the University of Paris}}
The [[University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne#PierreMendèsFrance|Pierre Mendès-France (aka Tolbiac)]] centre of [[University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne]], which hosts undergraduate lectures, is regularly blocked by students in order to protest reforms of the government. Lectures are then cancelled, up to several months.

==1995 blockades==
There were blockades in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/10/26/935895-tolbiac-etudiants-divises-votent-forceps-reconduite-blocage.html|title=A Tolbiac, les étudiants divisés votent au forceps la reconduite du blocage|website=ladepeche.fr}}</ref>

==1997 blockades==
Tolbiac center has been occupied by 200 protesters for one month after a reform in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/libe-3-metro/1997/03/14/camping-a-tolbiac-contre-debre-juppe-vigipirate-et-bayrou-des-etudiants-occupent-un-amphi_201164|title=Camping à Tolbiac. Contre Debré, Juppé, Vigipirate et Bayrou... des étudiants occupent un amphi.|date=March 14, 1997|website=Libération.fr}}</ref>

==2006 blockades==
After some small fights, lectures have been cancelled and Tolbiac occupied in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/social/20060320.OBS1044/les-blocages-etudiants-se-poursuivent.html|title=Les blocages étudiants se poursuivent|date=20 March 2006}}</ref>

==2007-09 blockades==
During the [[2007–09 university protests in France]], Tolbiac center of Paris 1 has been multiple times occupied by 75 to 200 far-left or left activist and courses have been cancelled to prevent further occupations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/social/20071105.OBS3113/autonomie-des-universites-tolbiac-occupe-quelques-heures.html|title=Autonomie des universités : Tolbiac occupé quelques heures|date=6 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.europe1.fr/politique/Deux-universites-evacuees-236244|title=Deux universités évacuées|website=Europe 1|date=8 November 2007 }}</ref> Violence  been spotted: some doors of the university have been cut with [[Jigsaw (power tool)|jig-saws]], people have been pressed against grids and slapped, those wearing kippas insulted for being Jew.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/france/192471-20071105-tolbiac-fermee-tolbiac-occupee|title=Tolbiac fermée, Tolbiac occupée|website=www.20minutes.fr|date=5 November 2007 }}</ref>

==2010 blockades==
Tolbiac has been blocked in 2010, after a reform and to pay tribute to students who have blocked Tolbiac in 1995 and 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/10/26/935895-tolbiac-etudiants-divises-votent-forceps-reconduite-blocage.html|title=A Tolbiac, les étudiants divisés votent au forceps la reconduite du blocage|website=ladepeche.fr}}</ref>

==2018 blockades==
<gallery>
File:Centre Pierre-Mendès-France bloqué (Université Panthéon-Sorbonne), 13 avril 2018-4.jpg
File:Centre Pierre-Mendès-France bloqué (Université Panthéon-Sorbonne), 13 avril 2018-2.jpg
File:Centre Pierre-Mendès-France bloqué (Université Panthéon-Sorbonne), 13 avril 2018-8.jpg
File:Centre Pierre-Mendès-France bloqué (Université Panthéon-Sorbonne), 13 avril 2018-5.jpg
</gallery>

In 2018, Tolbiac centre was occupied for one month. Among some students' many demands were:<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/parcoursup-selection-tirage-au-sort-ce-que-change-la-loi-vidal_8c8ff370-3e2a-11e8-bbee-4fbbaa28a7bb/|title=Parcoursup, sélection, tirage au sort: ce que change la loi Vidal|newspaper=Le Figaro Etudiant}}</ref>

# the revocation of the Plan Etudiants [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_%C3%89tudiants], or its non-application by Panthéon-Sorbonne. The Plan Etudiants is a vast reform of French public education aiming to increase selectiveness and inter-university competition. The most controversial aspects of it were the weakening of the right to a higher education guaranteed to all high-schoolers upon completion of secondary education, the biased criteria of selection (geographical discrimination, students with handicaps not taken into account etc.), the incentives to privatize some aspects of public universities, or the increased possibility for universities to control their students' scholarships (scholarships are based on social criteria and controlled by the state in France)
# the resignation of the president of France [[Emmanuel Macron]];
# the Republic's recognition of [[Kurdistan]]'s statehood;
# an automatic pass mark for all students of Pantheon-Sorbonne.

Violent militants were spotted and Molotov cocktails found.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/05/we-cant-back-down-french-students-dig-in-for-macron-battle|title='We can't back down': French students dig in for Macron battle|first=Angelique|last=Chrisafis|newspaper=The Guardian |date=April 5, 2018|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Famille/Education/Universites-violentes-echauffourees-Tolbiac-2018-04-07-1200929867|title=Universités : de violentes échauffourées à Tolbiac|newspaper=La Croix|date=April 7, 2018|via=www.la-croix.com}}</ref> An MP came to Tolbiac to discuss with the occupants but toilet paper and tomato juice were thrown on him by the occupants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2018/04/10/97001-20180410FILWWW00045-tolbiac-un-depute-venu-pour-dialoguer-agresse.php|title=Tolbiac: un député venu pour dialoguer agressé|date=April 10, 2018|website=FIGARO}}</ref> Some occupants gave a press conference from inside the building, with a dog on the press table and with a setting which was mocked over the internet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/universite-a-tolbiac-la-conference-de-presse-surrealiste-d-etudiants-grevistes-06-04-2018-7650705.php|title=Université : à Tolbiac, la conférence de presse surréaliste d'étudiants grévistes|first=Par Le ParisienLe 6 avril 2018|last=à 21h45|date=April 6, 2018|website=leparisien.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/la-conference-de-presse-surrealiste-des-etudiants-bloqueurs-de-tolbiac_fdf881e2-3981-11e8-85ee-f92b22a66fc4/|title=La "conférence de presse" surréaliste des étudiants bloqueurs de Tolbiac|first=le|last=figaro|website=Le Figaro Etudiant|date=4 June 2018 }}</ref> A parodic Twitter account of the dog speaker was set out and received nearly 30 000 followers; it was called a "satire of (leftist) militantism".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lepoint.fr/high-tech-internet/tolbiac-guevara-le-chien-qui-amuse-10-04-2018-2209519_47.php|title=Tolbiac : Guevara, le chien qui amuse|first=Thomas|last=Bourgeois-Muller|date=April 10, 2018|website=Le Point}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/guevara-le-chien-de-tolbiac-qui-se-moque-des-bloqueurs-cartonne-sur-twitter_1da01fe4-3cc2-11e8-bbee-4fbbaa28a7bb/|title=Guevara, le "chien de Tolbiac" qui se moque des bloqueurs, cartonne sur Twitter|first=le|last=figaro|website=Le Figaro Etudiant|date=4 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/354193/article/2018-04-08/guevara-le-chien-qui-tweete-sur-tolbiac|title=Réseau social "Guevara", le chien qui tweete sur Tolbiac|date=April 8, 2018|website=LA VDN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://liberation.checknews.fr/question/58081/le-compte-twitter-du-chien-guevara-tolbiac-est-il-tenu-par-lextreme-droite |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-10-07 |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135813/https://liberation.checknews.fr/question/58081/le-compte-twitter-du-chien-guevara-tolbiac-est-il-tenu-par-lextreme-droite |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Some professors of history and other social sciences of Pantheon-Sorbonne approved of the occupation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Education/universite-a-tolbiac-etudiants-et-professeurs-racontent-pourquoi-ils-se-mobilisent-3620024|title=Université : à Tolbiac, étudiants et professeurs racontent pourquoi ils se mobilisent|first=Le|last=JDD|website=lejdd.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politis.fr/articles/2018/04/la-selection-va-a-lencontre-du-projet-universitaire-francais-38646/|title = " la sélection va à l'encontre du projet universitaire français "|date = 9 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/education/20180409.OBS4848/nicolas-offenstadt-prof-a-tolbiac-les-etudiants-des-facs-occupees-menent-une-juste-lutte.html|title=Nicolas Offenstadt, prof à Tolbiac : "Les étudiants des facs occupées mènent une juste lutte"|date=10 April 2018}}</ref> However, the president of the university Georges Haddad denounced a capharnaum of violence, drug, sex and rave parties in the occupied Tolbiac center<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FfpjymkBV0|title=Charlotte (Commune Libre de Tolbiac) - Ni Dieu Ni Maitre (Léo Ferré)|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> and asked the police to remove the occupants. The police first refused to do it and Macron explained that decision in a TV interview by referring to the topography of the Tolbiac centre. The police finally broke in in the early morning, while the occupants were sleeping. The police found new Molotov cocktails. The students had heavily vandalized the recently refurbished center; the cost of the damages was declared to be 800,000 euros (approximately 0.38% of the university's yearly budget).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2018/04/17/le-president-de-paris-i-consterne-par-le-capharnaum-du-site-de-tolbiac_5286479_4401467.html|title=Le président de Paris-I " consterné " par le " capharnaüm " du site de Tolbiac|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|date=April 17, 2018|via=Le Monde}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-reform-university-idUSKBN1HR0GG|title=French police evacuate occupied Paris university site|newspaper=Reuters|date=April 20, 2018|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://etudiant.lefigaro.fr/article/tolbiac-evacuee-un-immense-soulagement-mais-des-degradations-enormes-_a81f69f2-4471-11e8-ad7a-1b7da48f683b/|title=Tolbiac évacuée : un "immense soulagement" mais "des dégradations énormes"|first=le|last=figaro|website=Le Figaro Etudiant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2018/04/17/tolbiac-violence-drogue-sexe-le-president-de-la-fac-denonce-une-situation-preinsurrectionnelle_a_23412977/|title="Violence, drogue, sexe": le président de Tolbiac dénonce une situation "préinsurrectionnelle"|date=April 17, 2018|website=Le Huffington Post}}</ref> Haddad decided to file a criminal complaint.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/tolbiac-le-president-de-l-universite-porte-plainte-pour-degradations-en-reunion-22-04-2018-7677630.php|title=Tolbiac : le président de l'université porte plainte pour "dégradations en réunion"|first1=Par Le Parisien avec AFPLe 22 avril 2018|last1=à 11h42|first2=Modifié Le 22 Avril 2018|last2=À 14h57|date=April 22, 2018|website=leparisien.fr}}</ref>

Tolbiac center was briefly blocked in October 2018, one student having been injured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfmtv.com/societe/paris-blocage-de-la-fac-de-tolbiac-1540412.html|title=Paris: la fac de Tolbiac bloquée quelques heures, une étudiante blessée|website=BFMTV}}</ref>

== 2020 ==

In March 2020, a group of students tried to block the center and a general vote led to clashes.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2021/02/12/a-paris-i-une-annee-de-crise-au-sommet-de-l-une-des-plus-grandes-universites-de-france_6069757_4401467.html A Paris-I, une année de crise au sommet de l’une des plus grandes universités de France]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Student protests in France]]
[[Category:1990s in Paris]]
[[Category:2000s in Paris]]
[[Category:2010s in Paris]]
[[Category:2020 in Paris]]

[[fr:Centre Pierre-Mendès-France#Mouvements sociaux]]
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