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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
|logo = BBCI Logo.jpg
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|location_city = Bombay
|location_country = [[British Raj|British India]]
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|area_served = [[Bombay Presidency]] and [[Rajputana Agency]]
|industry = [[Railways]]
|products =
|services = [[Rail transport]]
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|dissolved = {{end date and age|1951|df=yes}}
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[[File:M2-162 Indian Railway Museum.jpg|thumb|350px|A Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Locomotive at the [[National Rail Museum, New Delhi]]]]

The '''Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway''' ([[reporting mark]] '''BB&CI''') was a company incorporated in 1855 to undertake the task of constructing railway lines between [[Bombay]] to the erstwhile [[Baroda State]], that became the present-day [[Baroda (Vadodara)]] city in [[western India]]. BB&CI completed the work in 1864. The first suburban railway in India was started by BB&CI, operating between [[Virar]] and [[Bombay Backbay railway station|Bombay Backbay station]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris/uploads/files/1392817679390-article1.pdf|title=The Bombay local and suburban train service|website=indianrailways.gov.in|access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref> (later extended to [[Colaba]]), a railway station in [[Bombay Backbay]] in April 1867.

The railway was divided into two main systems, broad (5&nbsp;ft. 6 in.) and [[Metre gauge railway|metre gauge]]. There was also a comparatively small mileage of 2&nbsp;ft. 6 in. gauge line worked by the BB&CI on behalf of the Indian States. In 1947 the mileage of the respective portions was stated to be: broad gauge, 1,198 miles, with a further 69 miles worked for Indian States; metre gauge, 1,879 miles, with a further 106 miles worked for Indian States; narrow-gauge, 152 miles, worked for Indian States and various companies. Quadruple track mileage was 22 and double-track 250, the remainder of the system being single-track, whilst running powers were exercised over 147 miles (including the important section from Muttra Junction to Delhi, owned by the [[Great Indian Peninsular Railway]]).<ref>Article by H.C. Towers in ''The Railway Magazine'', vol. 93, no. 568, March and April, 1947</ref>

The main headquarters of the BB&CI Railway was located at [[Churchgate railway station|Churchgate]], Bombay and the headquarters and workshops for the [[Metre gauge railway|metre gauge]] tracks and services was located in [[Ajmer]].

== Construction and opening ==
The first section of the railway company was the Ankleshwar-Amroli line (in present day Gujarat). The first train on this section was run on 10 February 1860. Further construction works continued with the line being extended to Bulsar by 1862. This section was further extended to Grant Rd by 1864.<ref name=":1">''A Century of Suburban Service''- Westrail News 1961

https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris/uploads/files/1392817958306-article2.pdf</ref> This was an important milestone, and the BB&CI had now finally entered the port city of Bombay.

The first train was run between the section between [[Grant Road railway station|Grant Rd]] and Surat on 28 November 1864. The ''Times of India'' gave a in detail report of the event on the following day's issue. This inaugural train had thirty coaches, consisting of first class, second class, and the third,  the last two classes being in much higher frequency. There were reportedly very few passengers in the First Class coaches, more being in the Third Class.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahul Mehrotra |first=Sharada Dwivedi |title=Anchoring A City Line |publisher=Eminence Designs Pvt. Ltd |year=2000 |isbn=81-900602-4-4 |pages=23 |language=English}}</ref> The report also gave other details regarding that of the terminus at Grant Rd, and the newly introduced Third Class coach design. The station at Grant Rd was mentioned to be more lavish than that of the neighboring [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway|GIP Railway's]] [[Bori Bunder railway station|Bori Bunder Terminus]], and then possessed a platform comparable in width to the latter station. A notable mention was of an improvement in the third classes, the company having had introduced a double-decker variant of this class. This was expected to provide much needed comfort to the Third class passenger, since now one had the space to lie in, behind the sitting passengers, with some degree of comfort. These coaches were built at Amroli in about 1863. Further, a 'sloping shade' was added to the carriage, in order to block the heat of the sun, while still allowing ventilation for the passengers.

Further progress continued along the line, with the first suburban train service beginning on 1 November 1865. This service plied between Grant Rd and [[Vasai Road railway station|Bassein Rd]] (today's Vasai Rd). Soon after, the platforms of stations between the two local termini were lengthened to 500 yards (about 457.2 m).<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Rahul Mehrotra |first=Sharada Dwivedi |title=Anchoring A City Line |publisher=Eminence Designs Pvt. Ltd |year=2000 |isbn=81-900602-4-4 |pages=28 |language=English}}</ref> The next development was the extension of the line, further on to a station called [[Bombay Backbay railway station|Bombay Backbay]] in 1866. Soon following were three suburban services from the station.The station was used to run ballast trains from Santacruz, carrying earth for the then ongoing reclamation scheme at [[Back Bay (Mumbai)|Bombay Backbay]]. This scheme was to reclaim a part of the Backbay, a large body of water at South Bombay's seafront. A much larger patch was to be reclaimed, but the plan was cut short, after the liquidation of the Backbay Reclamation Company, after the end of the [[American Civil War]]. Hence a patch of land, just enough to lay the tracks all the way to Colaba was created. Soon several roads came up, running beside the newly laid rail tracks.<ref name=":2" />

The next important milestone was the commencement of the first regular suburban rail service, on 12 April 1867, between Bombay Backbay, and [[Virar|Viraur]] (present day Virar). The stations on the route then were- Bombay Backbay, Grant Rd, Dadur (Dadar), Mahim, Bandora (Bandra), Santacruz, Andaru (Andheri), Pahadi (near Goregaon), Berewali (Borivali), Panjo (on the [[Panju Island|Panju island]] between the [[Vasai Creek]]s), Bassein Rd (Vasai Rd), Neela (Nallasopara), and finally, Viraur (Virar).<ref name=":0" />

The section was extended to Charni Rd in 1868, and finally to Churchgate in 1870. This station opened on 10 January 1870. The line to Colaba was completed by 1873, and a semi permanent goods terminus was established. The [[Colaba railway station|Colaba Terminus]] station was later rebuilt as a grand station, and re-opened on 7 April 1896.

During the second phase of the 1860s Backbay Reclamation project, the Churchgate Colaba line was found to be an obstacle. Hence a new Bombay Central station was opened in 1930, and the line between Churchgate and Colaba was closed and removed.<ref name=":1" />

The section from Godhra to Nagda was opened in 1896 and extended to Baroda. Nagda to Muttra Junction was opened in 1909, making possible through broad-gauge running between Bombay and Delhi.

The metre-gauge system was originally the [[Rajputana-Malwa Railway|Rajputana Malwa State Railway]] and was taken over subsequently by the BB&CI. The metre-gauge main line from Delhi to [[Jaipur]] was completed in 1874, extended to [[Ajmer]] in 1875 and to [[Ahmedabad]] in 1881.<ref>Towers, ibid.</ref> The branch from Rewari to Bhatinda and Fazilka was begun in 1881 by the Ferozepore & Rewari Railway, but the section between Bhatinda and Ferozepore was subsequently built to the broad-gauge and passed to the GIPR.

== Description of systems ==
The broad-gauge main line ran northwards from Bombay to Baroda, where it bifurcated, the north-east main line continuing towards Delhi, and the north-west main line to the industrial city of [[Ahmedabad]] and onwards to [[Viramgam]] and Kharagoda. The north-east main line passed through Godhra, Ratlam, Kotah and Bayana (from where a branch line ran to [[Agra]] Fort), to Muttra Junction, where it joined the [[Great Indian Peninsular Railway]], over which it had running powers for 90 miles into Delhi.

The metre-gauge system was originally the [[Rajputana–Malwa Railway|Rajputana Malwa State Railway]]. It began at [[Ahmedabad]] and ran northwards through Baroda State and Rajputana ''via'' Abu, [[Ajmer]], [[Jaipur]] and Rewari to Delhi. There were branches from Rewari to Bhatinda and Fazilka, from [[Ajmer]] to Ratlam, Indore and Khandwa, and from Achnera to Cawnpore.<ref>Towers, ibid.</ref>

== Organisation ==
The original Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway Company was purchased by the Government of India in 1905, but continued to be worked by a company with a board of directors in London until 1 January 1942, on which date the working was taken over by the government and it became part of the Indian State Railway system, directly under the Railway Board.<ref>Towers, ibid.</ref>

== Electrification ==
[[File:BB&CI EMU Coach no.35B, at NRM.jpg|thumb|An early BB&CI Electric EMU at [[National Rail Museum, New Delhi|NRM]], New Delhi]]
The Colaba-[[Borivali]] section (37.8&nbsp;km) was electrified on 5 January 1928 on the 1.5 kV [[Direct current|DC]] system. The two tracks between Colaba and [[Grant Road]] stations were electrified, while four tracks between Grant Road and [[Bandra railway station]]s were electrified. Only two suburban tracks between Bandra and Borivali were electrified in 1928, two main tracks were left for the steam locomotives. In 1933, Colaba railway station and two electrified tracks between Colaba and [[Churchgate railway station]]s were dismantled. In 1936, electrification was extended to the two main tracks between Bandra and Borivali railway stations, left earlier and the two main tracks between Borivali and Virar railway stations were also electrified, resulting in completion of the electrification of the [[Churchgate]]-[[Virar]] section.<ref name=r1>Rao, M.A. (1988). ''Indian Railways'', New Delhi: National Book Trust, pp.150-1</ref>

== Locomotives and rolling stock ==

By the end of 1877 the company owned 77 steam locomotives, 295 coaches and 2,644 goods wagons.<ref>{{cite book |title=Archiv für Post und Telegraphie, Band 7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gvs-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA62 |year=1879 |publisher=Reichsdruckerei, Berlin |language=German |pages=62–63}}</ref> At the end of 1910 there were 7272 goods wagons.<ref>{{cite book |title=Special Consular Reports |publisher=Washington Government Printing Office |year=1913 |language=en|page=175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYpJAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA175}}</ref> In 1936 the BB&CI owned 833 locomotives, 43 railcars, 1963 coaches and over 20.000 goods wagons.<ref>{{cite book |title=World Survey of Foreign Railways |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxHLQGfxDa0C&pg=RA16-PA7 |year=1936 |publisher=Transportation Division, Bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, Washington D.C.|language=English |page=212}}</ref>

In 1947, the total numbers of broad-gauge locomotives in service were 363 steam, 10 diesel and 2 electric. There were 1,042 passenger coaches (including 40 electric motor and 120 electric trailer coaches) and 10,584 goods wagons.

The equivalent figures for the metre-gauge were 437 locomotives, 1,335 coaches, 3 Sentinel steam coaches, and 9,127 wagons.

On the 2&nbsp;ft. 6 in. gauge there were 20 locomotives, 58 coaches and 259 wagons.<ref>All figures quoted by Towers, ibid.</ref>

==Classification==
It was labeled as a Class I railway according to Indian Railway Classification System of 1926.<ref>{{cite web| title= Indian Railway Classification | url=https://wiki.fibis.org/w/Indian_Railway_Classification | access-date=10 November 2022| language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=World Survey of Foreign Railways |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxHLQGfxDa0C&pg=RA16-PA5 |year=1936 |publisher=Transportation Division, Bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, Washington D.C.|language=English |pages=210–219}}</ref>

== Later developments ==
In 1949, after independence of India, [[Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway]] was merged in to Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway by Government of India.

On 5 November 1951 the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway was merged with the [[Saurashtra Railway]], [[Rajputana–Malwa Railway|Rajputana Railway]], [[Jaipur State Railway]] and [[Cutch State Railway]] to give rise to the [[Western Railway (India)|Western Railway]].

== Gandhi film ==
The railway is featured in many travel scenes in the 1982 film [[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]] which tells the [[Biographical film|story]] of the leader of India's independence movement, [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] played by the actor [[Ben Kingsley]].

== See also ==
* [[Frederick William Stevens]], architect and engineer
* [[Charles Ollivant]], company director

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Further reading ===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=A. K. |last2=Bhakar |first2=Ravinder |title=Steam Heritage of Western Railway |date=2018 |publisher=Western Railway |location=Mumbai |url=https://www.railenthusiastindia.org.in/portal/steam-heritage-western-railway}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{PM20|FID=co/050082|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}

{{Class I railways according to Indian Railway Classification System}}
{{Western Railway}}
{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bombay, Baroda And Central India Railway}}
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[[Category:History of rail transport in Gujarat]]
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