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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Polish organization}}
{{main|Law enforcement in Poland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname      = Polish Border Guard
| nativename      = {{lang|pl|Straż Graniczna}}
| patch           = Logo Straży Granicznej POL.svg
| formed          = 12 October 1990
| preceding1      = [[Border Protection Troops]] (1945–89)
| preceding2      = Border Guard (1928–39)
| preceding3      = [[Border Protection Corps]] (1924–39)
| badge           = Polish Coast Guard racing stripe.svg
| badgecaption    = Racing stripe
| flag            = POL Border Guard flag.svg
| flagcaption     = Polish Border Guard Ensign
| country         = Poland
| national        = Yes
| speciality1     = border
| speciality2     = immigration
| speciality3     = coast
| governingbody   = Border Guard General Headquarters (Poland)
| electeetype     = Minister
| minister1name   = Mariusz Kamiński
| minister1pfo    = [[Ministry of Interior and Administration (Poland)|Minister of the Interior and Administration]]
| chief1name      = Brig. Gen. Tomasz Praga
| chief1position  = General Commander
| aircraft1type   = Airplanes
| aircraft1       = [[PZL-104 Wilga]], [[PZL M-28]], [[PZL M-20 Mewa]], [[Stemme ASP S15]], [[Let L-410 Turbolet]]
| aircraft2type   = Helicopters
| aircraft2       = [[PZL W-3 Sokół]], [[Eurocopter EC135]], [[PZL Kania]], [[Robinson R44]]
| website         = {{url|strazgraniczna.pl}}
}}
The '''Polish Border Guard''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: '''''Straż Graniczna''''', also abbreviated as '''SG''') is a [[National security|state security]] agency tasked with patrolling the [[Polish border]]. It existed in the [[Second Polish Republic|Second Republic]] era from 1928 to 1939 and was reestablished in the modern-day [[History of Poland (1989–present)|Third Republic]] in 1990, going into operation the following year. During the [[Polish People's Republic|communist era]] lasting from 1945 to 1989, the role of the [[border guard]] was carried out by the [[Border Protection Troops]] ({{lang|pl|Wojska Ochrony Pogranicza}}).

==History==
=== 1928–1939 ===
The Straż Graniczna was founded in 1928. During the times of the [[Second Polish Republic]], it was responsible for northern, western and southern border of Poland (with Germany, [[Free City of Danzig]], sea border, [[Czechoslovakia]] and [[Romania]]). Eastern border, often raided by military bands supported by Soviet Union was under the jurisdiction of a separate, military formation ([[Border Protection Corps]], {{lang|pl|Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza – KOP}}).

Responsibilities of Straż Graniczna included:
* prevention of illegal crossing of the land and sea border by people and goods ([[smuggling]])
* ensuring safety and [[public order]] in the border area
* combat any threats to [[national security]] in the border area

Border Guard was organized in a military style, with uniformed and armed agents. It was controlled by the Ministry of Treasury, Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Ministry of Military Affairs. The highest level of organizational structure of the agency was Main Headquarters ({{lang|pl|Komenda Główna}}), based in [[Warsaw]]. It was followed by Regional Inspectorates, Border Inspectorates, stations and posts. It carried out actions through patrols, manning border checkpoints, tracking, rouses and intelligence work. It had its own river and sea flotilla, intelligence academy, and the Main School of Border Guard ({{lang|pl|Centralna Szkoła Straży Granicznej}}), which was located firstly in [[Góra Kalwaria]] (until 1928), then in [[Rawa Ruska]]. The school had a department of training of guard dogs, also located in Rawa Ruska.

Each station of the agency was responsible for some 20 to 25 kilometers of the borderline. The stations oversaw posts of the first line and posts of the second line. In 1938, there were 129 stations of the Border Guard, 419 posts of the first line (these were located right along the border), and 212 posts of the second line (located in the interior of the country, right behind posts of the first line).

===Regional inspectorates in 1939===
* [[Mazovia]]n Regional Inspectorate in [[Ciechanów]],
* [[Pomerania]]n Regional Inspectorate in [[Bydgoszcz]],
* [[Greater Poland]] Regional Inspectorate in [[Poznań]],
* [[Silesia]]n Regional Inspectorate in [[Katowice]],
* Western [[Lesser Poland]] Regional Inspectorate in [[Kraków]],
* Eastern [[Lesser Poland]] Regional Inspectorate in [[Lwów]].
* Agency of the Customs Inspectorate of the [[Free City of Gdańsk]].

In late 1938 and early 1939, following changes of borders of some Eastern European countries, the Border Guard took over protection of the boundary with [[Lithuania]], while [[Border Defence Corps]] moved some of its units to the newly established border with Hungary. Furthermore, every station of the Border Guard was strengthened with a platoon of the [[Polish Land Forces]].

Members of Straż Graniczna, under General [[Walerian Czuma]], participated in the Second World War, fighting during the [[invasion of Poland]] together with Land Forces units.

=== 1945–1989 ===
During the period of the [[Polish People's Republic]], the role of the border guards was carried out by the military formation of [[Border Protection Troops]] ({{lang|pl|Wojska Ochrony Pogranicza}}), being a part of the [[Polish People's Army]] and reporting directly to the Ministry of Interior, formerly under the Ministry of National Defense (from 1945 to 1949 and again from 1965 to 1970 and 1972), just as its 2nd Republic predecessors were assigned. After the [[Martial law in Poland|martial law]], border battalions were reconstructed. Battalions were re-established in [[Sanok]], [[Nowy Targ]], [[Cieszyn]], [[Racibórz]], [[Prudnik]], [[Zgorzelec]], [[Gubin, Poland|Gubin]], [[Słubice]] and [[Chojna]]. The organization of battalions in Nowy Sącz, Lubań Śląski and Szczecin was stopped at the stage of the backbone commands. These were later disbanded.

===1990 – present===
Straż Graniczna has been reestablished in the Third Polish Republic as a civil, [[police]]-type service, with the act of 12 October 1990 and began operations on 16 May 1991. It considers itself the successor to the Second Polish Republic formations of the Straż Graniczna and Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza (plus the military heritage of the Wojska Ochrony Pogranicza of the People's Republic), and thus is one of the only police styled forces to use military style ranks (the [[Government Protection Bureau]], [[Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego]] and the Służba Więzienna also use them as well).

From 1 May 2004, the day Poland became a member of the [[European Union]], Straż Graniczna performs its responsibility to guard and protect both the Polish and EU borders.

==Structure==
*Border Guard General Headquarters ([[Warsaw]]) 
**[[Warmińsko-Mazurski Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Kętrzyn]])
**[[Podlaski Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Białystok]])
**[[Bug Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Chełm]])
**[[Bieszczady Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Przemyśl]])
**[[Śląski Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Racibórz]])
**[[Odra Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Krosno Odrzańskie]])
**[[Sea Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Gdańsk]])
**[[Vistula Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Warsaw]])
**[[Carpathian Border Guard Regional Unit]] ([[Nowy Sącz]]).

==Equipment==
===Border Wall===
* [[Belarus–Poland border barrier]]

===Firearms=== 
* [[Mossberg 500]] 
* [[FB MSBS Grot]] [[5.56×45mm]]
* [[Heckler & Koch MP5]] [[9×19mm Parabellum]]
* [[Glock 19|Glock]] [[9×19mm Parabellum]]
* [[Glock 17|Glock]] [[9×19mm Parabellum]]
* [[CZ P-10 C]] [[9×19mm Parabellum]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.strazgraniczna.pl/pl/logistyk/wyposazenie-i-infrastru/technika-specjalna/2562,Sprzet-techniki-specjalnej-i-optolektroniki.html | title=Sprzęt techniki specjalnej i optolektroniki }}</ref>

===Aircraft===

* [[PZL-104 Wilga]] 
*[[PZL M-28]] 
*[[PZL M-20 Mewa]] 
*[[Stemme ASP S15]] 
*[[Let L-410 Turbolet]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.strazgraniczna.pl/pl/logistyk/wyposazenie-i-infrastru/statki-powietrzne/2565,Statki-powietrzne.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113133843/http://www.strazgraniczna.pl/pl/logistyk/wyposazenie-i-infrastru/statki-powietrzne/2565,Statki-powietrzne.html |archive-date=13 January 2018 |title=Statki powietrzne - Komenda Główna Straży Granicznej}}</ref>

===Helicopters===
[[File:Polish Border Guard Eurocopter 135 (EC135).jpg|thumb|Polish Border Guard Eurocopter 135 (EC135)]]
*[[PZL W-3 Sokół]] 
*[[Eurocopter EC135]] 
*[[PZL Kania]] 
*[[Robinson R44]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.strazgraniczna.pl/pl/logistyk/wyposazenie-i-infrastru/statki-powietrzne/2565,Statki-powietrzne.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113133843/http://www.strazgraniczna.pl/pl/logistyk/wyposazenie-i-infrastru/statki-powietrzne/2565,Statki-powietrzne.html |archive-date=13 January 2018 |title=Statki powietrzne - Komenda Główna Straży Granicznej}}</ref>

===Vessels===
[[File:LCAC COLD RESPONSE.jpg|thumb|LCAC COLD RESPONSE|alt=LCAC COLD RESPONSE.jpg]]
*[[Griffon Hoverwork 2000TD]]
*Type SAR-1500
*SPORTIS S-7500
*Sportis S-7500K
*Type Mi-6
*Type SKS-40
*Type TM-623 OB CABIN
*Type TM-923 OB
*Type TM-1025 2IB CABIN
*Type IC 16 M III
*Type PARKER 1000 BALTIC
*Type Patrol 240 (Patrol 24 Baltic)
*Type SG-071<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.strazgraniczna.pl/pl/logistyk/wyposazenie-i-infrastru/jednostki-plywajace/2564,Jednostki-plywajace.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113133838/http://www.strazgraniczna.pl/pl/logistyk/wyposazenie-i-infrastru/jednostki-plywajace/2564,Jednostki-plywajace.html |archive-date=13 January 2018 |title=Jednostki pływające - Komenda Główna Straży Granicznej}}</ref>
*Type SG-301

==Notable Border Guard commanders==
* [[Walerian Czuma]]

==Ranks==
;Officers
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#fff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OF/Poland (SG)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/Poland (SG)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OF/Poland (SG)}}
|}

;Enlisted
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#fff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Poland (SG)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OR/Poland (SG)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/Poland (SG)}}
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
PZL-104M Wilga 2000 of Polish Border Guard (reg. SN-41YG), static display, Radom AirShow 2005, Poland.jpg | PZL-104M
Kaper2 SG312.jpg |Kaper-2 Patrol Craft
SG323.jpg |SG-323 Patrol Craft
StrazGran.25.5.2007-2.jpg |PZL W-3
SG325.jpg | SG-325 Patrol Craft
2006-08 Frankfurt (Oder) 09.jpg | Quad vehicle of Border Guard
SG064 PICT0084.JPG | Motorboat of Border Guard 
Polish_Border_Guard_at_Polish-Russian_state_border.jpg | Land Rover Defender 
EC135PBG.jpg | EC 135 (P3H)
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Border Protection Corps]]
*[[Border Protection Troops]]
*[[Tax and Customs Service (Poland)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons|Polish Border Guard}}
* [http://www.strazgraniczna.pl/ Straż Graniczna Homepage in Polish]

{{European Border and Coast Guard|state=expanded}}
{{Border guards}}
{{Polish intelligence agencies}}
{{National intelligence agencies}}
{{National intelligence agencies in Europe}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Borders of Poland]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of Poland]]
[[Category:Border guards|Polish Border Guard]]
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