Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:British Rail Class 365

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|British electric passenger trains}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox train
| background         = 
| name               = British Rail Class 365<br/>''{{avoid wrap|Networker Express}}''
| image              = 48415953371 730663eba9 o (365528 at KGX) (XAM-E1).jpg
| imagealt           = 
| imagesize          = 
| caption            = [[Govia Thameslink Railway|Great Northern]] Class 365 at [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]] in July 2019
| interiorimage      = 365517 Standard Class (XAM-E1).jpg
| interiorimagealt   = 
| interiorcaption    = Refurbished Great Northern standard-class saloon
| service            = 1996{{snd}}15 May 2021<ref name=GreatNorthern>{{cite news |date = 22 May 2021 |title = Farewell service sees {{sic|last last|nolink=y}} Great Northern Class 365 out of London King's Cross |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/05/farewell-service-sees-last-last-great-northern-class-365-out-of-london-kings-cross.html |access-date = 2 September 2021 |publisher = RailAdvent}}</ref>
| manufacturer       = [[ABB|ABB Transportation]]
| designer           = 
| assembly           = 
| ordernumber        = 
| factory            = [[Holgate Road carriage works, York|Holgate Road Works]], [[York]]
| family             = ''[[Networker (train)|Networker]]''
| replaced           = 
| yearconstruction   = 1994–1995
| yearservice        = 
| refurbishment      = 2013–2016 at [[Ilford EMU Depot|Bombardier Ilford]]
| yearscrapped       = 2021–2022
| numberconstruction = 
| numberbuilt        = 41
| numberservice      = 
| numberpreserved    = 0<br />(3 vehicles only)
| numberscrapped     = 41
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = {{ubl|{{brc|385}} ([[Abellio ScotRail|ScotRail]])|{{brc|387}} ([[Govia Thameslink Railway|Great Northern]])}}
| formation          = {{ubl|4 cars per unit:|{{abbr|DMOC|Driver's cab, Motor car, Open saloon, Composite (first and standard class sections)}}-{{abbr|TOSL|Trailer car, Open saloon, Standard class, Lavatory}}-{{abbr|PTOSL|Pantograph, Trailer car, Open saloon, Standard class, Lavatory}}-DMOC}}
| diagram            = 
| code               = 
| fleetnumbers       = 365501–365541
| capacity           = 263 seats {{avoid wrap|(24 first-class, 239 standard)}}
| operator           = {{ubl|[[Abellio ScotRail]]|[[Connex South Eastern]]|[[First Capital Connect]]|[[Govia Thameslink Railway|Great Northern]]|[[Network SouthEast]]|[[South Eastern Trains]]|[[West Anglia Great Northern]]}}
| depots             = {{ubl|[[Hornsey EMU depot and former steam locomotive shed|Hornsey]] ([[London]])|[[Glasgow Shields Road TMD|Shields Road]] ([[Glasgow]])<ref name="Rail953">{{cite magazine |title = Goodbye '365s': were they a good buy? |magazine = Rail |issue = 953 |date = 23 March 2022 |pages = 55–57 }}</ref>}}
| lines              = 
| carbody            = Aluminium<ref name= Rail953 />
| trainlength        = {{convert|81.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| carlength          = {{ubl|DM vehs.: {{convert|20.89|m|ftin|abbr=on}}|Trailers: {{convert|20.06|m|ftin|abbr=on}}}}
| width              = {{convert|2.81|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height             = {{convert|3.77|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| lowfloor           = 
| floorheight        = 
| platformheight     = 
| entrylevelorstep   = 
| doors              = 
| wheeldiameter      = 
| wheelbase          = 
| maxspeed           = {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| weight             = {{ubli|indent=1em|{{convert|151.62|t}}}}
| axleload           = 
| steep gradient     = 
| traction           = [[GEC Alsthom]] [[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO]]-[[VVVF]]
| traction motors    = 8 × [[3-phase]] [[Alternating current|AC]]<ref name="CTM">{{cite book |title = Train Operating Manual: Classes 365, 465, 466 |date = January 1998 |publisher = Connex South Eastern |location = Harrogate}}</ref>{{rp|p.A.6}}<br />GEC Alsthom G354CX
| poweroutput        = {{convert|1256|kW|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort     = 
| transmission       = 
| acceleration       = {{convert|0.67|m/s2|ft/s2|abbr=on}}
| deceleration       = 
| aux                = 
| powersupply        = 
| hvac               = 
| electricsystem     = {{ubl|{{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead]]|{{750 V DC|conductor=y}} (removed)}}
| collectionmethod   = {{ubl|[[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]] (AC) {{avoid wrap|([[Brecknell Willis high speed pantograph|Brecknell Willis high-speed]])}}<ref name = "TheRailwayMagazine1240">{{cite magazine |title = GN gets to grips with exiled 365s |magazine = [[The Railway Magazine]] |issue = 1240 |date = August 2004 |page = 66 }}</ref>|[[Contact shoe]] (DC) (removed)<ref name= TheRailwayMagazine1240 />}}
| uicclass           = Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
| bogies             = 
| minimum curve      = 
| brakes             = 
| safety             = {{ubl|[[Automatic Warning System|AWS]]|[[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]|[[European Train Control System|ETCS]] (trial, one unit only)<ref name = "Rail789">{{cite magazine |last1 = Clinnick |first1 = Richard |title = Atlas 200 ETCS to be fitted into GTR Class 365 |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/2015/11/27/atlas-200-etcs-to-be-fitted-into-gtr-class-365 |access-date = 11 January 2022 |magazine = Rail Magazine |issue = 789 |date = 27 November 2015}}</ref>}}
| coupling           = [[Tightlock coupling|Tightlock]]<ref name = "sd001">{{cite book |title = System Data for Mechanical and Electrical Coupling of Rail Vehicles in support of GM/RT2190 |date = 22 June 2011 |id = SD001 |publisher = Rail Safety and Standards Board |publication-place = London, UK |page = 4 |url=http://www.rssb.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/rv_coupling_system_data/SD001.pdf |access-date = 22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401203135/http://www.rssb.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/rv_coupling_system_data/SD001.pdf |archive-date = 1 April 2012 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
| multipleworking    = Within class
| gauge              = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| notes              = Sourced from<ref name=Eversholt>{{Cite web |title = Class 365 Electric Multiple Unit |url=http://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/downloads/Eversholt_Rail_365_Data_Sheet.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902163949/https://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/upload/class-365.pdf |archive-date = 2 September 2018 |access-date = 27 June 2021 |publisher = Eversholt Rail Group}}</ref> unless otherwise noted.
}}

The '''British Rail Class 365 ''Networker Express''''' was a class of dual-voltage ({{25 kV 50 Hz}} and [[List of railway electrification systems#750 V DC conductor|750 V DC]]) [[electric multiple unit]] passenger train built by [[ABB]] at [[Holgate Road carriage works, York|Holgate Road Carriage Works]] in 1994 and 1995.

The Class 365 was derived from the {{brc|465}} EMU after the planned "Universal Networker" [[British Rail Classes 371, 381 and 471|Classes 371 and 381]] were not funded through to production. An initial prototype that better suited the operation of long-distance services was developed from an existing unit (designated as Class 465/3), as the new type was intended to operate services in [[South East England]] and on the [[Great Northern Route]]. The purchase of 41 Class 365s was authorised in late 1993; they would be the last trains to be built at the Holgate Road works prior to its closure. Due to the front end of refurbished units resembling a smiling face, the trains have been nicknamed "Happy Trains" by enthusiasts.<ref name = "HappyRail October2019">{{cite magazine |last1 = Clinnick |first1 = Richard |title = FROM THE ARCHIVES: 'Happy Trains' are award-winning trains |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/rail-features/from-the-archives-happy-trains-are-award-winning-trains |access-date = 12 June 2021 |magazine = Rail Magazine |issue = 888 |date = 24 October 2019}}</ref>

Deliveries began in 1994 under [[Network SouthEast]] and continued after [[privatisation of British Rail|operations transferred to the private sector]]; the final unit was delivered to [[West Anglia Great Northern]] (WAGN) in July 1998. [[Connex South Eastern]] received 16 units while West Anglia Great Northern received 25. During 2004, [[South Eastern Trains]] opted to transfer all of its sets to WAGN.

The Class 365 has been involved in several accidents, which has included fatalities; the most serious accident to date occurred at [[Potters Bar rail accidents#2002|Potters Bar]] in 2002. In September 2014, all units were transferred with the [[Thameslink, Southern & Great Northern franchise]] to [[Govia Thameslink Railway]]. In June 2018, ten sets were transferred to [[Abellio ScotRail]] to operate services from [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh]] to [[Glasgow Queen Street railway station|Glasgow]] and [[Stirling railway station, Scotland|Stirling]]. On 15 May 2021, [[Govia Thameslink Railway|Great Northern]] withdrew the last of its Class 365 sets. During July 2021, all of the Class 365s were acquired by [[Eversholt Rail Group]]; all but 3 vehicles have been scrapped.  Newer types of rolling stock, such as the [[British Rail Class 385|Class 385s]] and [[British Rail Class 387|Class 387s]], have typically been introduced to replace the type with various operators.

==Background==
In the early 1990s, the [[Networker (train)|Networker]] family was entering large-scale service in the [[Network SouthEast]] sector – both third-rail 'Networker' EMUs ({{brc|465}}/{{brc|466}}) and 'Network Turbo' [[Diesel multiple unit|DMU]]s ({{brc|165}}/{{brc|166}}) were in service, with proposals for others, including a so-called "Universal Networker", intended as [[British Rail Classes 371, 381 and 471|Classes 371 and 381]], that would have dual-voltage capability. However, by 1992, no work had been done in the development of these due to a lack of funding, so a replacement plan was required. For this, the Class 465 was modified for longer-distance services – a prototype was converted from an existing unit (designated as Class 465/3) to determine suitability, before funding was authorised during late 1993 for the purchase of 41 dual-voltage EMUs, each of four cars.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Future Secured for ABB York |magazine = [[The Railway Magazine]] |issue = 1112 |date = December 1993 |page = 8 }}</ref> These became the Class 365.<ref name=K>{{Cite web |title = Class 365: Networker Express |url=http://www.kentrail.org.uk/Class%2520365.htm |access-date = 23 March 2022 |website = www.kentrail.org.uk}}</ref><ref name=S>{{Cite web |title = SREmG |url=https://sremg.org.uk/emu/class365.shtml |access-date = 23 March 2022 |website = sremg.org.uk}}</ref> Network SouthEast had successfully advocated in favour of the Class 365 project to secure investment from the British government; however, this came at the expense of competing proposals, including InterCity's envisioned [[InterCity 250]] series of high speed trains.<ref>{{Cite book |last1 = Green |first1 = Chris |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/872707499 |title = The Network SouthEast story |last2 = Vincent |first2 = Mike |publisher = Oxford Publishing Co |year = 2014 |isbn = 978-0-86093-653-4 |location = Shepperton, UK |pages = 124–125 |oclc = 872707499}}</ref>

==Description==
Although specified as a dual-voltage unit, Class 365s never operated with this capability since they were built with only one system of traction current pickup.

The first 16 units (365501 to 365516), which worked briefly for [[Network SouthEast]] before the [[South Eastern franchise]] was awarded to [[Connex South Eastern]], were originally supplied only with DC shoe gear for use on the 750{{nbsp}}V{{nbsp}}DC third-rail system.{{r|CTM|p=p.A.9}} In this configuration the maximum speed was {{convert|90|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.{{r|CTM|p=p.A.6}} During testing and commissioning, 365502 ran briefly on the AC network, this being the main reason for the unit being chosen to be subleased to [[West Anglia Great Northern]] (WAGN) in the aftermath of the [[Potters Bar rail accidents#2002|Potters Bar accident]] in 2002.<!-- What about the units delivered to GN from the onset? -->

When they transferred to WAGN for use with {{25 kV 50 Hz}} overhead line traction supply, the shoes and associated equipment were removed and a [[Brecknell Willis high speed pantograph]] was installed, along with other operator and voltage-specific modifications and testing by [[Bombardier Transportation]] at its [[Doncaster Works]].<ref name= TheRailwayMagazine1240 /> However, the Class 365s retained the original 750{{nbsp}}V{{nbsp}}DC electrical bus, meaning that when on {{25 kV 50 Hz}} overhead lines the current was collected as AC, rectified to DC for the onboard systems, and then inverted back to AC for the three-phase traction motors. For running on [[overhead lines]] the maximum speed was raised to {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=FCC365guide>Class 365 Drivers' Guide. p. 3. (General information & differences between 313’s, 315’s, 317’s & 365’s) First Capital Connect, 2009.</ref>

Basic equipment consisted of:
* DMOC A – 4x [[Three-phase]] [[Alternating current|AC]] [[traction motors]], [[Power inverter#Applications|traction inverter]], [[Wheel slide protection#Sanding|sander]]
* TOSL – [[Air compressor|Compressor]], [[Electric power conversion|auxiliary converter]], universal access toilet
* PTOSL – [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]], [[transformer]], auxiliary converter, small toilet
* DMOC B – 4x Three-phase AC traction motors, traction inverter, sander

[[Dynamic braking#Rheostatic braking|Dynamic (rheostatic) braking]] on the two Driving Motor coaches was available in addition to disc brakes, via a system of brake blending.

In common with the whole [[Networker (train)|Networker]] fleet, [[wheel slide protection]] (WSP) operated on every axle. Under braking conditions a blowdown valve released air from the brake cylinder of any axle if the rotational speed varies significantly from the average axle speed on the train.<ref>{{Cite book |title = The Class 365 Drivers' Guide |publisher = First Capital Connect |year = 2009}}</ref>

Internal LED [[Passenger information system|Passenger Information Display Systems]] and [[Public address|Auto-Announcers]] were fitted across the fleet.<ref name=FCC365guide/>

==Ownership==
In the lead up to the [[privatisation of British Rail]], responsibility for the Class 365s passed to [[Eversholt Rail Group]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url = https://www.magzter.com/stories/Automotive/Rail-Express/25-Years-Of-Roscos |title = 25 Years of ROSCOs |magazine = [[Rail Express]] |issue = October 2019 |page = 20 }}</ref> However, because the [[British Railways Board]] had leased rather than purchased the Class 365s, under a clause in the original procurement contract, ownership of the remaining 40 sets passed to the [[Department for Transport]] subsidiary [[DfT OLR Holdings#Train Fleet (2019)|Train Fleet (2019) Limited]] in July 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title = Forty Class 365s now owned by Government |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/forty-class-365s-now-owned-by-government |access-date = 26 October 2021 |website = www.railmagazine.com |language = en}}</ref> after it was obliged to pay out the leases to the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] in the event that the trains were not wanted.<ref>{{cite magazine |url = https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/forty-class-365s-now-owned-by-government?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter |title = Forty Class 365s now owned by Government |magazine = Rail |first = Richard |last = Clinnick |date = 22 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = DfT takes ownership of Class 365 fleet |magazine = [[Today's Railways UK]] |issue = 214 |date = October 2019 |page = 69}}</ref> In July 2021, all were sold back to Eversholt after termination of their leases with [[Govia Thameslink Railway]] was agreed.<ref>{{cite magazine |url = https://www.pressreader.com/uk/railways-illustrated/20210803/281827171805299 |title = Eversholt Rail regains Class 365 ownership |magazine = [[Railways Illustrated]] |issue = September 2021 |page = 13}}</ref>

==Operations==
===South Eastern===
[[File:51164174279 9c87190142 o (365515 at Wandsworth Road) (XAM-E1).jpg|thumb|[[Connex South Eastern]] Class 365 at [[Wandsworth Road railway station|Wandsworth Road]] in September 2001, with original cab ends.]]
The first 16 units were fitted for use on the 750{{nbsp}}V{{nbsp}}DC lines. The first Class 365 set was delivered in November 1994 while testing commenced on 15 June 1995.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = ABB delivers first lease-financed Networker Express |magazine = [[Railway Gazette International]] |issue = December 1994 |page = 817}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = Networker Express testing begins |magazine = [[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue = 265 |date = 5 July 1995 |page = 63}}</ref> Their first use in service occurred on 13 October 1996, but due to problems in obtaining a safety case, they did not enter full service with [[Connex South Eastern]] until 16 June 1997.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Networker debut for Connex |magazine = [[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue = 295 |date = 1 January 1997 |page = 55}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = East Kent's first new commuter trains in 40 years |magazine = [[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue = 308 | date = 2 July 1997 |page = 7}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = Class 365s enter service on Connex SE |magazine = [[The Railway Magazine]] |issue = 1157 |date = September 1997 |page = 62}}</ref> Before it entered service, 365513 was damaged in a shunting incident at [[Chart Leacon TMD]] and was forwarded to [[Doncaster Works]] in November 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Unlucky Network Express |magazine = [[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue = 293 |date = 4 December 1996 |page=}}</ref>

From August 2002 until January 2003, 365502 was sublet to WAGN to provide cover after 365526 was involved in the Potters Bar accident.<ref name=Rail443/><ref name=Rail454/> All passed with the franchise to [[South Eastern Trains]] in November 2003. All were transferred to [[West Anglia Great Northern]] during 2004.<ref name=Rail485/><ref name=Entrain30/>

===Great Northern===
[[File:3199270986 9093ac7b42 o (365539 near Potters Bar) (XAM-E1).jpg|thumb|[[West Anglia Great Northern]] Class 365 near {{stnlnk|Potters Bar}} in May 1998, still in [[Network SouthEast]] livery.]]
[[File:14356456002 b408634c23 o (365508 near Harringay) (XAM-E1).jpg|thumb|[[First Capital Connect]] Class 365 near {{stnlnk|Harringay}} in May 2012]]
Twenty-five Class 365s (365517 to 365541) were delivered to [[Hornsey TMD]] to operate services on the [[East Coast Main Line]] from [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]] to [[Peterborough railway station|Peterborough]] and [[King's Lynn railway station|King's Lynn]]. The first entered service with [[Network SouthEast]] on 9 December 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Class 365 electric units finally put into action on selected WAGN services |magazine = [[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue = 296 |date = 15 January 1997 |page = 50}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = Class 365s go live on WAGN |magazine = [[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue = 1150 |date = February 1997 |page = 49}}</ref> All sets were included in the transfer of the franchise to [[West Anglia Great Northern]] in January 1997. The last was delivered in July 1998.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = WAGN formally accepts final 365s |magazine = Rail |issue = 336 |date = 29 July 1998 |page = 8}}</ref>

As part of a project to fit driver's cab air conditioning, all units received new fronts between 2001 and 2002.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Air-conditioned smile for WAGN's Networkers |magazine = Rail |issue = 419 |date = 3 October 2001 |page = 12}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = New face for 365s |magazine = The Railway Magazine |issue = 1208 |date = December 2001 |page = 81}}</ref> In May 2002, 365526 was involved in the [[Potters Bar rail accidents#2002|Potters Bar accident]] and was subsequently written off.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Potters Bar Class 365 finally written-off |magazine = Rail |issue = 489 |date = 9 June 2004 |page = 23}}</ref> From August 2002 until January 2003, 365502 was sublet from [[Connex South Eastern]] to provide cover.<ref name=Rail443>{{cite magazine |title = Connex 365 replaces WAGN's Potter Bar EMU |magazine = Rail |issue = 443 |date = 4 September 2002 |page = 5}}</ref><ref name=Rail454>{{cite magazine |title = WAGN returns Connex Class 365 |magazine = Rail |issue = 454 |date = 18 February 2003 |page = 55}}</ref> In 2004, all 16 of Connex South Eastern examples (365501 to 365516) were transferred to West Anglia Great Northern to release [[British Rail Class 317|Class 317s]] for use by [[Thameslink (train operating company 1997–2006)|Thameslink]].<ref name=Rail485>{{cite magazine |title = SET releases 365s to WAGN |magazine = Rail |issue = 485 |date = 14 April 2004 |page = 26}}</ref><ref name=Entrain30>{{cite magazine |title = Class 365s finish with SET |magazine = [[Today's Railways UK|Entrain]] |issue = 30 June 2004 |page = 29}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = GN gets to grips with exiled 365s |magazine = The Railway Magazine |issue = 1240 |date = August 2004 |page = 66}}</ref>

The remaining 40 sets passed with the franchise to [[First Capital Connect]] during April 2006. A refurbishment program at [[Ilford EMU Depot]] commenced in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 28 January 2014 |title = New-look train enters service on Great Northern route - Media centre … |url=http://www.firstcapitalconnect.co.uk/about-us/media-centre/news/2014/new-look-train-enters-service-great-northern-route/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140128014721/http://www.firstcapitalconnect.co.uk/about-us/media-centre/news/2014/new-look-train-enters-service-great-northern-route/ |url-status = dead |archive-date = 28 January 2014 |access-date = 23 March 2022 |website = archive.ph}}</ref> All units passed with the [[Thameslink, Southern & Great Northern franchise]] to [[Govia Thameslink Railway]] in September 2014.

In 2017, the Class 365 fleet were relegated to peak-hour services after the newer [[British Rail Class 387|Class 387s]] and [[British Rail Class 700|700s]] entered service.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://railuk.com/rail-news/1812-is-final-overture-for-class-365-networker-express/ |title = 1812 is final overture for Class 365 'Networker Express' |publisher = railuk.com |date = 18 May 2021}}</ref> It was proposed that some would be transferred to [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] to operate services on the [[Great Western Main Line]] from [[Paddington railway station|London Paddington]] to [[Newbury railway station|Newbury]] and [[Oxford railway station|Oxford]], but this scheme was aborted when new Class 387s were purchased instead.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 23 March 2015 |title = First Great Western plans AT300s to Cornwall |url= https://www.railwaygazette.com/policy/first-great-western-plans-at300s-to-cornwall/40673.article |access-date = 23 March 2022 |website = Railway Gazette International |language = en}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = Class 365 and 387/1 units for Great Western |magazine = Rail Express |issue = 228 |date = May 2015 |page = 10}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = Replacement Anglia Fleets |magazine = [[Modern Railways]] |issue = 816 |date = September 2016 |page = 15}}</ref> Great Northern retained 21 sets to operate limited stop peak-time services between London King's Cross-Peterborough and London King's Cross-{{stnlnk|Royston}}.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/524445/rolling-stock-perspective.pdf |title = Rolling Stock Perspective |date = May 2016 |publisher = Department for Transport |page = 38 |access-date = 11 January 2017 |archive-date = 24 December 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201224230237/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/524445/rolling-stock-perspective.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thameslinkrailway.com/download/10128.3/route-factsheet-2-great-northern-outer-services/ |title = Improvement Factsheet: Great Northern Outer Services |publisher = GTR |page = 2 |access-date = 11 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160417150714/http://www.thameslinkrailway.com/download/10128.3/route-factsheet-2-great-northern-outer-services/ |archive-date = 17 April 2016 |url-status = dead  }}</ref> The remaining sets were placed in store in [[Ely, Cambridgeshire|Ely]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Class 365s taken for storage at Ely |magazine = Rail |issue = 847 |date = 28 February 2018 |page = 20}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url = https://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/5113/first-class-365s-sent-for-secure-storage-in-east-anglia/ |title = First Class 365s sent for secure storage in East Anglia |magazine = The Railway Magazine |issue = 1404 |date = March 2018 |page = 99}}</ref>

During June 2018, ten sets were transferred to [[Abellio ScotRail]] to operate services from [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh]] to [[Glasgow Queen Street railway station|Glasgow]] and [[Stirling railway station, Scotland|Stirling]].<ref name=RI185>{{cite magazine |title = Stopgap Class 365s join ScotRail fleet |magazine = [[Railways Illustrated]] |issue = 185 |date = July 2018 |page = 10}}</ref><ref name=RE267>{{cite magazine |title = Networkers enter service with ScotRail |magazine = Rail Express |issue = 267 |date = August 2018 |page = 96}}</ref><ref name=MR839>{{cite magazine |url = https://www.modernrailways.com/article/scotrail-introduces-365s-eg |title = ScotRail Introduces 365s on E&G |magazine = Modern Railways |issue = 839 |date = August 2018 |page = 100}}</ref> The other nine moved from Ely to King's Heath TMD, [[Northampton]] for further storage before moving to [[Crewe]] in September 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = Stored 365s on the move again |magazine = Today's Railways UK |issue = 262 |date = October 2018 |page = 69}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = Stored Class 365s moved |magazine = Railways Illustrated |issue = 189 |date = November 2018 |page = 17}}</ref>

In March 2021, it was announced that Great Northern would be withdrawing the remaining Class 365s from service in May 2021, in favour of [[British Rail Class 387|Class 387s]] transferred from [[Gatwick Express]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = Great Northern - Future-changes-to-trains-on-Great-Northern-routes |url = https://www.greatnorthernrail.com/travel-information/plan-your-journey/future-changes-to-trains-on-great-northe |access-date = 26 April 2021 |website = www.greatnorthernrail.com |language = en-GB |archive-date = 5 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405193634/https://www.greatnorthernrail.com/travel-information/plan-your-journey/future-changes-to-trains-on-great-northe |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url = https://www.pressreader.com/uk/railways-illustrated/20210324/281633898013710 |title = Stand down for GTR 365s |magazine = Railways Illustrated |date = May 2021 |page = 10}}</ref> The last day of service for the Class 365s on Great Northern was on 15 May 2021.<ref name= GreatNorthern /><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-railway-magazine/20210531/283304640431355 |title = Last day for Class 365s with Great Northern |publisher = The Railway Magazine |date = 31 May 2021}}</ref>

===ScotRail===
[[File:Geograph-5992441-by-Thomas-Nugent (XAM-E1).jpg|thumb|[[Abellio ScotRail]] Class 365 at [[Glasgow Queen Street railway station|Glasgow Queen Street]] in November 2018]]
In April 2018, ten Class 365s (509, 513, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 529, 533 and 537) were leased to [[Abellio ScotRail]] in response to a rolling stock shortage which was caused by the delayed entry to service of the new [[British Rail Class 385|Class 385]] EMUs and the imminent transfer of a number of [[diesel multiple unit|DMU]]s to [[Arriva Rail North]].<ref name=RI185/><ref name = "HappyRail October2019"/> They entered service on 23 June 2018 on [[Glasgow–Edinburgh via Falkirk line|Glasgow to Edinburgh]] and [[Stirling railway station, Scotland|Stirling]] services after modifications and driver training.<ref name=RE267/><ref name=MR839/><ref>{{cite web |last1 = Clinnick |first1 = Richard |title = ScotRail hires in Class 365s for Glasgow-Edinburgh route |url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/scotrail-hires-in-class-365s-for-glasgow-edinburgh-route |website = RAIL Magazine |access-date = 4 May 2018 |archive-date = 24 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224230234/https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/scotrail-hires-in-class-365s-for-glasgow-edinburgh-route |url-status = live}}</ref>

In comparison with the three- and six-car DMUs previously used on the same routes by ScotRail, the eight-car Class 365 EMU sets provided an additional 17,200 seats per day, as well as having better acceleration and being cleaner.<ref name = "HappyRail October2019"/><ref>{{cite web |last1 = Dalton |first1 = Alastair |title = New ScotRail trains to ease crush on Edinburgh-Glasgow line |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/transport/new-scotrail-trains-to-ease-crush-on-edinburgh-glasgow-line-1-4728667 |website = [[The Scotsman]] |access-date = 4 May 2018 |archive-date = 25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425120223/https://www.scotsman.com/news/transport/new-scotrail-trains-to-ease-crush-on-edinburgh-glasgow-line-1-4728667 |url-status = live}}</ref> ScotRail only used the type briefly, and all units were withdrawn during March 2019 after issues with the Class 385 were resolved. These units were relocated to [[Crewe]] where they were kept in warm store by [[Rail Operations Group]].<ref name=RE276>{{cite magazine |url = https://www.scribd.com/article/406503512/Scot-Rail-Withdraws-Its-Class-365-Fleet |title = ScotRail withdraws its Class 365 fleet |magazine = Rail Express |issue = 276 |date = May 2019 |page = 98}}</ref><ref name=Rail880>{{cite magazine |title = Class 365s to be stored at Crewe |magazine = Rail |issue = 880 |date = 5 June 2019 |page = 27}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
* 365526 – DMOC B and PTOSL were damaged in the [[Potters Bar rail accidents#2002|Potters Bar rail accident]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/server/show/nav.1205 |publisher = [[Office of Rail Regulation]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110504141859/http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/server/show/nav.1205 |archive-date = 4 May 2011 |title = Accident & Incident Investigation – Potters Bar |access-date = 13 February 2011}}</ref> After being stored at [[Crewe Works]] and later [[Wolverton Works]] until the [[Rail Accident Investigation Branch]] had completed its investigations, two carriages were used for target practice at [[RAF Spadeadam]], while one was taken to [[Ilford EMU Depot]] for stripping of spare parts.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = 365 526 disposal |magazine = Today's Railways UK |issue = 133 |date = January 2013 |page = 66}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title = EMU |magazine = Rail Express |issue = 239 |date = April 2016 |page = 91}}</ref>
* 365531 – DMOC A was damaged in a fatal collision with a tractor at [[Black Horse Drove]] crossing in October 2005.<ref>{{Cite Q|Q111218077}}</ref>
* 365532 – DMOC A was damaged in a collision with a tractor at Hatson's User-Worked Crossing in September 2011.<ref>{{Cite Q|Q111218148}}</ref>
* 365512 – DMOC B was damaged in a fatal collision with a car at Pleasants crossing in July 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 12 July 2012 |title = Driver killed in crash with train on 'user operated' level-crossing |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/driver-killed-in-crash-with-train-on-user-operated-levelcrossing-7939093.html |access-date = 23 March 2022 |website = www.standard.co.uk |language = en}}</ref>
* A Class 365 unit collided at low speed with another it was due to couple onto at [[Cambridge railway station|Cambridge station]] on 30 May 2015. Three passengers sustained slight injuries.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/low_speed_train_crash_injures_three_people_at_cambridge_station_1_4093713 |title = Low-speed train crash injures three people at Cambridge Station |first = Martin |last = George |work = [[Eastern Daily Press]] |date = 30 May 2015 |location = Norwich |access-date = 30 May 2015 |archive-date = 30 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530224841/http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/low_speed_train_crash_injures_three_people_at_cambridge_station_1_4093713 |url-status = live }}</ref>
* 365520 &ndash; DMOC B was damaged in a collision with a [[Land Rover]] at Nairns User-Worked Crossing in August 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date = 12 August 2016 |title = Stretham rail crash: Probe after train hits Land Rover on track |language = en-GB |work = BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-37062994 |access-date = 23 March 2022}}</ref>

==Fleet details==
{|class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" | Units:
!Class
!Status
!Qty.
!Year built
!Cars {{avoid wrap|per unit}}
!Unit numbers
!Notes
|-
!rowspan=2 |365
|rowspan=2 |Scrapped<ref name="RailExpressJuly">{{cite magazine |last1 = Russell |first1 = David |title = Farewell Class 365 |magazine = Rail Express |publisher = Mortons Media Group |place = Horncastle |issue = 314 |date = July 2022 |pages = 82–84}}</ref>
|align=center |41
|rowspan=2 align=center |1994–95
|rowspan=2 align=center |4
|{{nowrap|365501–541}}
|Three vehicles preserved: DMSO(A) 65917, TSO 72287 from 365524 and DMSO(B) 65974 from 365540.<ref name = "EastKent365">{{cite magazine |title =  East Kent Railway preserves shortened Class 365 unit |magazine = Rail Express |issue = March 2022 |page = 36 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Holden |first = Michael |date = 20 January 2022 |title = Class 365 EMU to be preserved at the East Kent Railway |url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2022/01/class-365-emu-to-be-preserved-at-the-east-kent-railway.html/ |access-date = 14 July 2022 |publisher = RailAdvent}}</ref> Some vehicles from 365526 were sold to the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|UK Ministry of Defence]] and are used by the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] for testing of explosives.{{CN|date=January 2024}}
|}

{{Wide image|Great Northern Class 365.png|x60px|Illustration of a Great Northern Class 365 unit}}

===Naming===
{{more citations needed section|date=January 2022}}
Some were named. 365505 and 365515 were named by [[Connex South Eastern]], and were subsequently removed. Vinyl nameplates with a pink backing were applied to the driving vehicles, behind the cab doors, by [[First Capital Connect]]. Following a repaint into [[Govia Thameslink Railway|Great Northern]] colours most were removed, but several were reapplied in the same style but with a light blue backing.

* 365505 – ''Spirit of Ramsgate''
* 365506 – ''The Royston Express''<ref>{{Cite web |last = Foskett |first = Ewan |date = 5 February 2011 |title = Train named for town at special ceremony |url=https://www.royston-crow.co.uk/news/train-named-for-town-at-special-ceremony-4945192 |access-date = 23 March 2022 |website = Royston Crow |language = en-UK}}</ref>
* 365510 – ''Cambridge and Ely''<ref name = "Promotingtourism">{{cite magazine |title = Promoting tourism |magazine =  Rail |issue = 953 |date = 23 March 2022 |page = 57}}</ref>
* 365513 – ''[[Hornsey TMD|Hornsey Depot]]''<ref name = "RailExpressJuly"/>
* 365514 – ''[[George Vancouver|Captain George Vancouver]]''
* 365515 – ''Spirit of Dover''
* 365517 – ''Supporting Red Balloon''
* 365518 – ''The Fenman''
* 365519 – ''Peterborough - Environment City''<ref>{{cite magazine |title = WAGN's final picture train |magazine = Rail |issue = 529 |date = 21 December 2005 |page = 51}}</ref> Later renamed to ''Discover Peterborough''<ref name = "Promotingtourism" />
* 365521 – ''Steven''
* 365527 – ''Robert Stripe - Passengers' Champion''
* 365530 – ''The Interlink Partnership''
* 365531 – ''Nelson's County - Norfolk''<ref>{{cite magazine |title = One joins Trafalgar namings along with WAGN at King Lynn |magazine = Rail |issue = 524 |date = 12 October 2005 |page = 13}}</ref> Later renamed to ''Norfolk - Nelson's County''<ref name = "Promotingtourism" />
* 365533 – ''Max Appeal''
* 365536 – ''Rufus Barnes – Chief Executive of [[London TravelWatch]] for 25 years''<ref>{{cite magazine |title = NXEA to name Class 90 |magazine = Rail |issue = 589 |date = 9 April 2008 |page = 59}}</ref>
* 365537 – ''Daniel Edwards (1974–2010) Cambridge Driver''<ref>{{cite magazine |title = In memory of driver Daniel |magazine = Rail |issue = 953 |date = 23 March 2022 |page = 56 }}</ref>
* 365540 – ''Garden Cities of Hertfordshire''<ref name="Promotingtourism" />

==Preservation==
DMSO(A) 65917 and TSO 72287 from unit 365524 along with DMSO(B) 65974 from unit 365540 are to be put on static display at the [[East Kent Railway (heritage)|East Kent Railway]], where they will be used as a restaurant, an exhibition area, and a major events venue.<ref name= EastKent365 />{{Update inline|date=October 2022|?=yes}}

==References==
{{commons}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Networker}}
{{British Rail EMU}}

[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|365]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1996]]
[[Category:750 V DC multiple units]]
[[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]]
[[Category:ABB multiple units]]
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