Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Carlos Lopes

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Portuguese long-distance runner (born 1947)}}
{{About||the Paralympic athlete|Carlos Lopes (Paralympic athlete)|other people|Carlos López (disambiguation){{!}}Carlos López}}

{{Portuguese name|Sousa|Lopes}}
{{MedalTableTop
|image=Carlos Lopes2.jpg
|imagesize=230px
|sport= Men's [[athletics (sport)|athletics]]|country_code=POR|medals=
{{Medal|Olympic}}
{{Medal|Gold| [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Los Angeles]]|[[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Men's marathon|Marathon]]}}
{{Medal|Silver| [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Montreal]]|[[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1976 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|1976 Chepstow]]|Long course}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1984 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|1984 East Rutherford]]|Long course}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1985 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|1985 Lisbon]]|Long course}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[1977 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|1977 Düsseldorf]]|Long course}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[1983 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|1983 Gateshead]]|Long course}}
|caption=Lopes in 1985}}
'''Carlos Alberto de Sousa Lopes''', <small>[[Order of Infante D. Henrique|GCIH]]</small> ({{IPA-pt|ˈkaɾluʒ ˈlɔpɨʃ}}, born 18 February 1947) is a Portuguese former [[long-distance runner]].

He won the [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|marathon]] at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] in [[Los Angeles]], becoming [[Portugal]]'s first Olympic gold medalist and setting an Olympic record for the event.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Lopes |url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/carlos-lopes |website=Olympics.com |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> This record in the men’s marathon stood for 24 years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-21 |title=100 Olympic Tidbits: Portugal's First Gold Medalist |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/news/100-olympic-tidbits--portugal-s-first-gold-medalist.html |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-SG}}</ref>

In 1985, Lopes set the marathon world record at 2:07:12 at the [[Rotterdam Marathon]].

==Early life==
Lopes was born in Vildemoinhos, near [[Viseu]], Portugal. He worked as a stonecutter's helper.

Lopes wanted to play [[football (soccer)|football]] at his local club, but his father opposed this, so he turned to other sports. In 1967 he was invited to join [[Sporting CP (athletics)|the athletics team]] of [[Sporting Clube de Portugal]] where his coach was [[Mário Moniz Pereira]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-02-11 |title=O fazedor de campeões que revolucionou o atletismo faria hoje 100 anos |url=https://www.dn.pt/desporto/o-fazedor-de-campeoes-que-revolucionou-o-atletismo-5315855.html |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> and remained there until the end of his career in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arrs.run/RecProg/RP_wwR.htm|website=www.arrs.run|title=World Best Progressions- Road}}</ref>

==Career==
Lopes won the [[IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]] in [[Chepstow]], [[Wales]] in 1976.

At the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in [[Montreal]], Lopes competed in the 10,000 metres. In the race, Lopes set the pace from the 4000 metres mark, and the only athlete to follow him was defending double Olympic champion [[Lasse Virén]]. Virén passed Lopes with a lap to go to win the gold medal, and Lopes finished a comfortable second.

During the race, Lopes ran the first 5,000 metres in 14:08.94, and the second 5,000 metres in 13:36.23, a remarkable proof of his ability to steadily accelerate his pace.  What he generally lacked in the track races, however, was an ability to sharply increase his pace in the final lap or so.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Raevuori |first1=Antero |title=Lasse Virén: The Gilded Spikes |date=1976 |publisher=Weilin+Göös |location=Helsinki}}</ref>

In the following year, Lopes finished second to [[Leon Schots]] in World Cross Country Championships in [[Düsseldorf]], [[Germany]].

Afterward, Lopes had several injuries and did not qualify for [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in [[Moscow]].

In 1982, Lopes returned to top form, and in [[Oslo]], [[Norway]], he broke the 10,000 metres European record with a time of 27:24.39, which belonged to his teammate [[Fernando Mamede]].

At the [[1982 European Athletics Championships]] in [[Athens]], [[Greece]], Lopes finished fourth in the 10,000 metres with a time of 27:47.95, behind the winner [[Alberto Cova]]. During the race, he set the pace from 6,000 metres to 9,800 metres before being overtaken on the final lap.<ref>{{cite book |title=Huippu-urheilun tähtihetkiä}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Elävä arkisto |url=https://yle.fi/aihe/elava-arkisto}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Siukonen |first1=Markku |title=The Big European Championships Book |date=1990 |publisher=Sportti Kustannus / Publishing Ltd. |location=Jyväskylä, Finland}}</ref>

Lopes attempted his first marathon at the 1982 [[New York City Marathon]], but he did not finish due to an accident in which he ran into a spectator.

In 1983, he finished second at the World Cross Country Championships in [[Gateshead]], [[England]].

Lopes ran his second marathon at the [[Rotterdam Marathon]] in 1983.  He finished second in a European record time of 2:08:39, two seconds behind the race winner, [[Robert de Castella]]. He then decided to run the 10,000 metres at the [[1983 World Championships in Athletics|1983 World Championships]] in [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]], where he finished sixth behind the winner Alberto Cova. After that he decided to concentrate on the marathon and cross country.

In 1984, Lopes won his second World Cross Country Championships in [[East Rutherford]], [[United States]].{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} In [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], he paced teammate Fernando Mamede to break [[Henry Rono]]'s 10,000 metres world record of 27:22.50.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wunsche |first1=Wolfgang |title=Heroes of the Race Tracks |date=1984 |location=Helsinki}}</ref> Mamede won in 27:13.81 with Lopes finishing second in 27:17.48.

===Olympic champion===

An accident almost prevented Lopes from participating in the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] in [[Los Angeles]] when, a week before the Games, he was run over by a car in [[Lisbon]] but he was not hurt.

The Olympic marathon at [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] was run in very warm conditions, and as the favorites gradually fell away, Lopes won the gold medal with a 200 metres advantage and in an Olympic record time of 2:09:21 at the age of 37.  This victory established his reputation as a world class runner, because he ran the last {{convert|7.2|km|mi}} at an average speed of 2:55 per km (4:42 per mile), a remarkably quick pace at the end of a marathon.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Juoksija |date=1984}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Suuri Olympiakirja |location=Helsinki}}</ref> Lopes' Olympic record stood until the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in [[Beijing]], [[China]], when Kenyan [[Sammy Wanjiru]] won with a time of 2:06:32.

In 1985, Lopes won the World Cross Country Championships in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] for the third and final time in his career.

===Marathon world record===

In the last major competitive race of his career, the 1985 [[Rotterdam Marathon]], Lopes took 53 seconds off the world's best marathon time with a winning time of 2:07.12, and becoming the first man to run 42.195&nbsp;km in less than 2:08.00.

* '''L'Équipe''': ''"Fantastic! Extraordinary! There aren't enough strong words to label Lopes Rotterdam achievement. In less than 3 years, he became the first man to approach the unreal. Who would think, 20 years ago, that a man would run the marathon at 20&nbsp;km/h?"'{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
* '''Rotterdam press''': ''"With his magic talent, Carlos Lopes took 54 seconds off the previous world best. With his fabulous pace he reached the world record with apparent ease. It's said he received US$150,000 just to come to Rotterdam, plus US$67,000 in prizes. A lot of money for a single man. But, in marathon's fantasy world, only a man—aged 38—is able to run it in 2:07.12: Carlos Lopes".''{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==Orders==
*[[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Cross BAR.png|60px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Prince Henry]]

==Popular culture==
Lopes appears in the [[New Kids on the Blecch|14th episode]] of [[The Simpsons (season 12)|season 12]] of [[The Simpsons]], as Homer is watching a documentary about the Olympics' greatest moments on TV. 

He is credited with being the oldest ever winner of the marathon, at 38, and inspires Homer, who claims to be almost his age, to enter the Springfield Marathon. Lopes was actually 37 when he won the 1984 Olympic marathon.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050307073155/http://atletismo.no.sapo.pt/carlos.htm Profile]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050831160405/http://www.carloslopes.d2d.pt/ Lisbon 2005/Carlos Lopes – Gold Marathon Memorial]
*[http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/heroes/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=31826 www.olympics.org]
<br>
{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|rec}}
{{succession box
| before = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Steve Jones (athlete)|Steve Jones]]
| title = [[Marathon world best progression|Men's Marathon World Record Holder]]
| years = 20 April 1985 – 17 April 1988
| after = {{flagicon|ETH}} [[Belayneh Dinsamo]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Waldemar Cierpinski]]
| title = Men's Marathon Olympic Record Holder
| years = 12 August 1984 – 24 August 2008
| after = {{flagicon|KEN}} [[Samuel Wanjiru]]
}}
{{s-ach}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Maria Manuela Contreiras]]
| title = [[Olympic Medal Nobre Guedes]]
| years = 1973
| after = [[Armando Marques (sport shooter)|Armando Marques]]<br>[[Hugo d'Assumpção]]
}}
{{s-sports}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Steve Jones (athlete)|Steve Jones]]
| title = [[Marathon Year Rankings|Men's Fastest Marathon Race]]
| years = 1985
| after = [[Robert de Castella]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions Marathon Men}}
{{Footer IAAF World Cross Champions Men}}
{{Footer Rotterdam Marathon Champions Men}}
{{Order of Cultural Merit}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lopes, Carlos}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Portuguese male long-distance runners]]
[[Category:Portuguese male marathon runners]]
[[Category:Olympic athletes for Portugal]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Portugal]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for Portugal]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:World record setters in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Viseu]]
[[Category:World Athletics Cross Country Championships winners]]
[[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for Portugal]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Portuguese male cross country runners]]
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