Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Castle Hill (Sitka, Alaska)

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = American Flag-Raising Site
| nrhp_type = nhl
| image = American Flag-Raising Site (20357938078).jpg
| caption = 
| location = Between Harbor Road and Lincoln Street, [[Sitka, Alaska]]
| coordinates = {{coord|57.0487|-135.33783|format=dms|display=inline,title,source:ProprioMeOW}}
| locmapin = USA Alaska Sitka Downtown#USA Alaska
| area = {{convert|3.6|acre|ha}}
| built = 1804
| architect =
| architecture =
| designated_nrhp_type = June 13, 1962<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=83&ResourceType=Site|title=American Flag-Raising Site|accessdate=2007-11-08|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606071323/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=83&ResourceType=Site#|archive-date=2011-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| added = October 15, 1966
| refnum = 66000162<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2010a}}</ref>
 | designated_other1 = Alaska Heritage Resources Survey
 | designated_other1_name = Alaska Heritage Resources Survey
 | designated_other1_color = #A8EDEF
 | designated_other1_abbr = AHRS
 | designated_other1_number = SIT-002
 | designated_other1_num_position = bottom
}}

'''Castle Hill''' ({{lang-tli|Noow Tlein}},<ref name=Joseph>{{Cite web
| last1 = Joseph
| first1 = Charlie
| last2 = Brady
| first2 = I.
| last3 = Makinen
| first3 = E.
| last4 = David
| first4 = R.
| last5 = Davis
| first5 = V.
| last6 = Johnson
| first6 = A.
| last7 = Lord
| first7 = N.
| title = Sheet'kwaan Aani Aya
| publisher = [[Sitka Tribe of Alaska]]
| year = 2001
| url = http://www.sitkatribe.org/placenames/
| accessdate = 27 October 2009
| url-status = dead
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725064527/http://www.sitkatribe.org/placenames/
| archivedate = 25 July 2008
}}</ref> {{lang-ru|Замковый холм}}) also known as the '''American Flag-Raising Site''' and now as the '''Baranof Castle State Historic Site''', is a [[National Historic Landmark]] and [[List of Alaska state parks|state park]] in [[Sitka, Alaska]].   The hill, providing a commanding view over the city, is the historical site of [[Tlingit people|Tlingit]] and [[Russia]]n forts, and the location where [[Russian Alaska]] was formally handed over to the United States in 1867.  It is also where the 49-star [[United States flag]] was first flown after Alaska became a state in 1959.

==Description==
Castle Hill is a rock outcrop, about {{convert|60|ft|m}} in height.  It occupies a prominent position on the edge of Sitka Harbor, although it is now set back from the sea by several hundred feet due to fill added around its southern and western faces in 1968.  The summit area is a generally flat area about {{convert|120|ft|m}} in length and {{convert|90|ft|m}} in width.  The south face of the hill is sheer, while the eastern face presents a more gradual slope.  An accessible trail, with interpretive panels, provides access to the now-bare summit area.<ref name=desc>{{cite web|url=http://dnr.alaska.gov/parks/aspunits/southeast/baranofcastle.htm|title=Baranof Castle State State Historic Site|publisher=Alaska DNR|accessdate=2014-09-29}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:1827 illustration of Castle Hill (Old Sitka, Alaska) by Postels.jpg|thumb|left|1827 illustration of Castle Hill in Russian-controlled Sitka.  The hilltop building was an imposing fortification on a hill overlooking the water and Tlingit areas.]]
Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the area, Castle Hill was occupied by families of the Kiksadi clan of [[Tlingit people|Tlingits]].  [[Alexander Andreyevich Baranov|Alexander Baranov]], a leading figure in the [[Russian-American Company]], arrived in the Sitka area in 1795, and sought to establish a trading post on the hill.  He ended up establishing [[Redoubt St. Archangel Michael Site|Redoubt St. Archangel Michael]] several miles away in 1799; this trading post was destroyed by the Tlingit in 1802.  Baranov returned to Sitka in force in 1804, seized Castle Hill, from which the outnumbered Tlingit had withdrawn.<ref name="nrhpinv2"/>  After the six-day [[Battle of Sitka]], the Tlingit formally ceded Castle Hill to the Russians.<ref name=Dauenhauer>{{Cite book
| last = Dauenhauer
| first = Nora Marks
| author-link =  Nora Marks Dauenhauer |author2=Richard Dauenhauer |author2-link=Richard Dauenhauer |author3=Lydia T. Black |author3-link=Lydia T. Black | title = ''Anóoshi Lingít Aaní Ká'', Russians in Tlingit America: The Battles of Sitka, 1802 and 1804.
| publisher = [[University of Washington Press]]  | year = 2008
| location = Seattle
| pages = XLI
| url = 
| doi = 
| id = 
| isbn = 978-0-295-98601-2}}</ref>

In 1806 the Russians transferred the headquarters of the Russian-American Company and the seat of government of [[Russian Alaska]] to Sitka, and Castle Hill was the focal point of the company and government facilities until 1867.  They destroyed the Tlingit houses on the hill, and built a succession of structures on the hill's summit.  The last of these, a two-story brick building with a cupola on top known as the Governor's House, was built in 1836 and was destroyed by fire in 1894.<ref name="nrhpinv2"/>

In 1867, after the [[Alaska Purchase]] was negotiated, Russian Alaska was formally transferred to the United States in a ceremony held on Castle Hill.  The Russian-built Governor's House was occupied by [[United States Army]] commanders until 1877, and remained a center of US government administration until the building burned.  In 1898 the hill was transferred to the [[United States Department of Agriculture]], which built a structure on the hill which served as its Alaska headquarters until 1932.  This building was then used for a variety of commercial purposes before it was demolished in 1955.  The site was then designated a territorial park.<ref name="nrhpinv2"/>

When [[Legal status of Alaska|Alaska was admitted]] as the 49th U.S. state in 1959, Castle Hill was the location where the first 49-star U.S. flag in Alaska was raised, though the ceremony was unofficial and secret.<ref name=Woolsey>{{cite news
| last = Woolsey
| first = Robert
| title = State's first 49-star flag raised in secret Sitka ceremony
| place = Sitka, Alaska
| publisher = [[Raven Radio]]
| date = 1 July 2009
| url = http://kcaw.org/modules/local_news/index.php?op=sideBlock&ID=485
| accessdate = 13 July 2009
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724093121/http://kcaw.org/modules/local_news/index.php?op=sideBlock&ID=485
| archive-date = 24 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>  The site was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1962<ref name="nhlsum"/> and was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1966.<ref name="nrhpinv2">William S. Hanable (April 4, 1975) {{NHLS url|id=66000162|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: American Flag-Raising Site (AHRS Site Sit 002) / Baranov Castle / Castle Hill}}, National Park Service and {{NHLS url|id=66000162|title=Accompanying 5 photos, from 1954, 1965, 1967.|photos=y}}</ref>  In 1965 a stone parapet was constructed on the hill, and interpretive plaques were added to a display of six cannons and a flagpole.  The property is now administered as part of the Alaska state park system.<ref name="desc"/><ref name="nrhpinv2"/>

==See also==
*[[List of National Historic Landmarks in Alaska]]
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Sitka City and Borough, Alaska]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Castle Hill (Sitka, Alaska)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111117201930/http://dnr.alaska.gov/parks/units/sitka.htm State Parks near Sitka]

{{Protected areas of Alaska}}
{{NRHP in Alaska by borough and census area}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:State parks of Alaska]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Sitka, Alaska]]
[[Category:Russian-American culture in Alaska]]
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