Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Cebu

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Province in Central Visayas, Philippines}}
{{About|the province in the Philippines|its capital city|Cebu City| the city in Malaysia|Sibu}}
{{Other uses}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|it uses ''Bisaya Patronymesis Sri Visjaya'', ''Aginid, Bayok sa Atong Tawarik'', and ''History of Panay from the first inhabitants and the Bornean immigrants from which the Bisayans are descended to the Arrival of the Spaniards'' as sources{{emdash}}all three have been proven hoaxes, as well as Macachor and Montebon's works, which greatly source from the former three|article or section|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Cebu
| native_name        = ''Sugbo''
| nickname           = ''The Gateway to a Thousand Journeys''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thephilippines.com/p/cebu.html |title=What To Know About Cebu, Philippines |publisher=The Philippines Tourism Board |access-date=August 21, 2016}}</ref>
| settlement_type    = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 270
| image_style              = border:1;
| perrow                   = 1/2/2
| image1                   = Osmeña Peak, Cebu, Philippines.jpg    
| image2                   = Monumento a Magellano Mactan (tre quarti).jpg
| image3                   = Kawasan Falls, Cebu, Philippines1.jpg
| image4                   = Cantabugon, Aloguinsan.JPG
| image5                   = Cebu Cathedral, Jan 2024.jpg
| image6                   = Campinsa Hills.jpg
| image7                   = Malapascua (island), Tropical beach, Philippines.jpg
}}
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = '''Clockwise from the top''': [[Dalaguete|Osmeña Peak]], [[Kawasan Falls]], [[Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral]], [[Malapascua|Malapascua Island]], [[Talisay, Cebu|Campinsa Hills]], [[Aloguinsan|Cantabugon, Aloguinsan]], [[Mactan Shrine|Magellan Monument]]
| image_flag         = {{PH wikidata|image_flag}}
| flag_size          = 120x80px
| image_seal         = Cebu province seal 2.svg
| seal_size          = 100x80px
| image_shield       = 
| shield_alt         = 
| motto              = {{PH wikidata|motto}}
| anthem             = ''[[Sugbo (hymn)|Sugbo]]'' (Cebu)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:"Sugbo", Hymn of Cebu Province.ogg]]}}</div>
| image_map          = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location in the Philippines
| coordinates        = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{PH wikidata|country}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Island groups of the Philippines|Island Group]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Visayas]]
| established_title  = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| established_date   = {{PH wikidata|founded}}
| seat_type          = Capital<br/>{{nobold|and largest city}}
| seat               = {{PH wikidata|seat}}
| government_type    = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| leader_title       = [[List of governors of Cebu|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Gwendolyn F. Garcia]] ([[One Cebu|1Cebu]])
| leader_title1      = [[List of vice governors of Cebu|Vice Governor]]
| leader_name1       = [[Hilario R. Davide III]] ([[Liberal Party (Philippines)|LP]])
| leader_title2      = Legislature
| leader_name2       = [[Cebu Provincial Board]] {{PH Town Council
 |  1 = <div style="border-style:solid none; border-width:thin; border-color:Gainsboro; background:#e6e6e6; text-align:center; width:95%; font-variant:small-caps;">1st ProvDist</div>
 |  2 = Yolanda Daan
 |  3 = Raul Bacaltos
 |  4 = <div style="border-style:solid none; border-width:thin; border-color:Gainsboro; background:#e6e6e6; text-align:center; width:95%; font-variant:small-caps;">2nd ProvDist</div>
 |  5 = Edsel Galeos
 |  6 = Jose Mari Salvador
 |  7 = <div style="border-style:solid none; border-width:thin; border-color:Gainsboro; background:#e6e6e6; text-align:center; width:95%; font-variant:small-caps;">3rd ProvDist</div>
 |  8 = Victoria Corominas
 |  9 = John Ismael Borgonia
 | 10 = <div style="border-style:solid none; border-width:thin; border-color:Gainsboro; background:#e6e6e6; text-align:center; width:95%; font-variant:small-caps;">4th ProvDist</div>
 | 11 = Kerrie Keane Shimura
 | 12 = Horacio Franco
 | 13 = <div style="border-style:solid none; border-width:thin; border-color:Gainsboro; background:#e6e6e6; text-align:center; width:95%; font-variant:small-caps;">5th ProvDist</div>
 | 14 = Miguel Magpale
 | 15 = Andrei Duterte 
 | 16 = <div style="border-style:solid none; border-width:thin; border-color:Gainsboro; background:#e6e6e6; text-align:center; width:95%; font-variant:small-caps;">6th ProvDist</div>
 | 17 = Glenn Soco
 | 18 = Thadeo Ouano
 | 19 = <div style="border-style:solid none; border-width:thin; border-color:Gainsboro; background:#e6e6e6; text-align:center; width:95%; font-variant:small-caps;">7th ProvDist</div>
 | 20 = Jerome Librando
 | 21 = Christopher Baricuatro
 | com = https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/eleksyon2019/results/local/REGION+VII/CEBU/?tfb_a&smartsearch
}}
| total_type         = Total&nbsp;{{small|(province)}}
| area_footnotes     = {{PSGC detail|nscb}}
| area_total_km2     = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| area_rank          = 20th out of 81
| area_note          = excludes independent cities
| elevation_max_m    = 1,072
| elevation_max_point = [[Osmeña Peak]]
| population_footnotes = {{PH census|current}}
| population_total   = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of   = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_rank    = 5th out of 81
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = 7th out of 81
| population_blank1_title = {{PH wikidata|electorate_title}}
| population_blank1  = {{PH wikidata|electorate}}
| population_blank2_title = Language
| population_blank2  = {{PH wikidata|language}}
| population_demonym = {{PH wikidata|demonym}}
| population_note    = Population data excludes independent cities
| demographics_type1 = Divisions
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = [[Independent component city|Independent&nbsp;cities]]
| demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible list
 | titlestyle             = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
 | title                  = 3
 |{{plainlist|
* {{small|Highly urbanized cities of}}: <br /> {{bulleted list|[[Cebu City]] | [[Lapu-Lapu City|Lapu-Lapu]] | [[Mandaue]]}} }}
 }}
| demographics1_title2 = [[Cities of the Philippines|Component cities]]
| demographics1_info2 = {{Collapsible list
 | titlestyle             = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
 | title                  = 6
 |{{plainlist|
* [[Bogo, Cebu|Bogo]]
* [[Carcar]]
* [[Danao, Cebu|Danao]]
* [[Naga, Cebu|Naga]]
* [[Talisay, Cebu|Talisay]]
* [[Toledo, Cebu|Toledo]]}}
 }}
| demographics1_title3 = [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Municipalities]]
| demographics1_info3 = {{Collapsible list
 | titlestyle             = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
 | title                  = 
{{#expr:1+{{#invoke:String|count|source= {{#property:P150}}|pattern=,}}-6}}
 | {{MultiReplace|{{PH wikidata|municipalities}}|*Bogo|*Carcar|*Danao|*Naga|*Taisay|*Toledo}}
 }}
| demographics1_title4 = [[Barangay]]
| demographics1_info4 = {{(!}}
{{!}} style="text-align:right;max-width:2em;padding-right:0;" {{!}} 1,066 {{!!}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} style="text-align:right;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;" {{!}} {{nowrap|+&nbsp; 137}} {{!!}} style="text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;line-height:0.8;padding-top:0;" rowspan=2{{!}} {{small|including [[Independent component city|independent cities]]}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} style="text-align:right;border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:double medium;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0;" {{!}} 1,203
{{!)}}
| demographics1_title5 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Districts]]
| demographics1_info5 = {{bulleted list|[[Legislative districts of Cebu]] | [[Legislative districts of Cebu City]] | [[Legislative district of Lapu-Lapu]]|[[Legislative district of Mandaue]] }}
| timezone           = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| postal_code_type   = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code        = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| area_code_type     = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code          = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| blank_name_sec1    = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}}
| blank_info_sec1    = {{PH wikidata|income_class_ordinal}}
| blank1_name_sec1   = {{PSGCstyle}}
| blank1_info_sec1   = {{PSGC detail}}
| blank2_name_sec1   = [[ICAO]]
| blank2_info_sec1   = {{PH wikidata|icao}}
| blank3_name_sec1   = [[IATA]]
| blank3_info_sec1   = {{PH wikidata|iata}}
| blank2_name_sec2   = Patron
| blank2_info_sec2   = [[Santo Niño de Cebu]]
| iso_code           = {{PH wikidata|iso_code}}
| website            = {{PH wikidata|website}}
| image_map1         = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name2  = {{PH wikidata|region}}
}}
'''Cebu''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ɛ|ˈ|b|uː}} {{respell|seb|OO}}; {{lang-ceb|Sugbo}}), officially the '''Province of Cebu''' ({{lang-ceb|Lalawigan sa Sugbo|links=no}}; {{lang-hil|Kapuroan sang Cebu}}; {{lang-tl|Lalawigan ng Cebu}}), is a [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] of the [[Philippines]] located in the [[Central Visayas]] {{nowrap|(Region VII)}} [[Regions of the Philippines|region]], and consists of a main island and [[List of islands of Cebu|167 surrounding islands and islets]]. Its capital and largest city is [[Cebu City]], nicknamed "the Queen City of the South", the oldest city and first [[capital of the Philippines]], which is politically independent from the provincial government.

The Cebu Metropolitan Area or [[Metro Cebu]] is the [[List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines|second largest metropolitan area]] in the Philippines (after [[Metro Manila]]) with Cebu City as the main center of commerce, trade, education and industry in the [[Visayas]]. Being one of the most developed provinces in the Philippines, in a decade it has transformed into a global hub for business processing services, tourism, shipping, furniture-making, and [[heavy industry]]. [[Mactan–Cebu International Airport]], located on [[Mactan Island]], is the second busiest airport in the Philippines.

== Etymology ==
The name "Cebu" came from the old {{lang-ceb|sibu}} or {{lang|ceb|sibo}} ("trade"), a shortened form of {{lang-ceb|label=none|sinibuayng hingpit|lit=the place for trading}}. It was originally applied to the harbors of the town of Sugbu, the ancient name for Cebu City.{{sfn|Macachor|2011}} Alternate renditions of the name by traders between the 13th to 16th centuries include ''Sebu'', ''Sibuy'', ''Zubu'', or ''Zebu''.<ref name="Ocampo">{{cite book |last1=Ocampo |first1=Ambeth |title=Looking Back: Volume 1 |date=2012 |publisher=Anvil Publishing, Inc. |isbn=9789712736087}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Cebu – History |url=http://www.sinulog.ph/sugbu/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714122036/http://www.sinulog.ph/sugbu/history.html |archive-date=July 14, 2008 |website=sinulog.ph}}</ref> 

Sugbu or Sugbo, according to the Aginid, was derived from the Old Cebuano term for "[[scorched earth]]" or "great fire", variously spelled by early European sources as ''Subuth'', ''Zsubu'', and ''Zubut'', among others.{{sfn|Macachor|2011}}{{sfn|Montebon|2000|p=15}}<ref name="Ocampo" />

==History==
{{See also|History of the Philippines}}

=== Early history: Cebu Rajahnate ===
{{See also|Cebu (historical state)}}[[File:Sugbumap.png|left|thumb|A map of Cebu Island in 1521, with the historical polity of Cebu colored in blue. ]]

The [[Rajahnate of Cebu]] was a native kingdom that existed in Cebu prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. It was founded by [[Sri]] Lumay otherwise known as ''[[Rajamuda Lumaya]]'',<ref name="Santarita">Santarita, J. B. (2018). Panyupayana: The Emergence of Hindu Polities in the Pre-Islamic Philippines. Cultural and Civilisational Links Between India and Southeast Asia, 93–105.</ref> a half-Malay, half-Tamil prince of the [[Chola dynasty]]<ref name="Santarita" /> who invaded [[Sumatra]] in [[Indonesia]]. He was sent by the Maharajah<ref name="Santarita" /> to establish a base for expeditionary forces to subdue the local kingdoms, but he rebelled and established his own independent Rajahnate instead.<ref name="Santarita" /> The capital of the nation was [[Singhapala]] (சிங்கப்பூர்)<ref name="Astrid">[https://www.jstor.org/stable/29792596?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Ae66b04574962dd2277c44e2367352434&seq=28#page_scan_tab_contents THE GENEALOGY OF HARI' TUPAS: AN ETHNOHISTORY OF CHIEFLY POWER AND HIERARCHY IN SUGBU AS A PROTOSTATE Astrid Sala-Boza] Page 280.</ref> which is Tamil-Sanskrit<ref>[https://mothership.sg/2016/12/5-other-places-in-asia-which-are-also-called-singapura/ 5 other places in Asia which are also called Singapura By Joshua Lee]</ref> for "Lion City", the same rootwords with the modern city-state of [[Singapore]]. The later Spanish chronicler Antonio Pigafetta mispronounced Singhapala as Cingopola instead.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6s2z6xNaGbsC&dq=Cingapola%3A+its+chiefs+are+Cilaton%2C+Ciguibucan%2C+Cimaninga%2C+Cimaticat%2C+Cicanbul.&pg=RA1-PA105 "The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan" Written By Antonio Pigafetta]</ref>

=== Spanish Colonial Period ===
[[File:Magellan's voyage EN.svg|thumb|left|220x220px|A map showing the route of the [[Magellan]] expedition circumnavigating the world.]]
The arrival of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] explorer [[Ferdinand Magellan]] in 1521 began a period of Spanish exploration and colonization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_history/spanish_colonization.html |title=Philippine History – Spanish Colonization | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108082605/http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_history/spanish_colonization.html| archive-date=January 8, 2011}}</ref>{{sfn|information.ph|2009a}}

Losing the favor of King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] for his plan of reaching the Spice Islands by sailing west from Europe, Magellan offered his services to King [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I of Spain]] (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor). On September 20, 1519, Magellan led five ships with a total complement of 250 people from the Spanish fort of [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]] en route to southeast Asia via the Americas and the Pacific Ocean. They reached the Philippines on March 16, 1521. Rajah Kolambu the king of [[Mazaua]] told them to sail for Cebu, where they could trade and obtain provisions.

Arriving in Cebu City, Magellan, with [[Enrique of Malacca]] as a translator, befriended [[Rajah Humabon]] the Rajah or King of Cebu, and persuaded the natives to ally themselves with Charles I of Spain. On April 14 Magellan erected a large wooden cross on the shores of Cebu. Afterward, Humabon was baptized along with about 400 islanders.

Magellan soon heard of Datu Lapu-Lapu, a native king in nearby [[Mactan|Mactan Island]], a rival of the Rajahs of Cebu. It was thought that Humabon and Lapu–Lapu had been fighting for control of the flourishing trade in the area. On April 27 the [[Battle of Mactan]] occurred, where the Spaniards were defeated and Magellan was killed by the natives of Mactan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cebu.gov.ph/?getid=2&getsubid=5&infolinkids=6&GetBodyName=History&rightpdisable=0 |title=Cebu – History |publisher=Cebu Provincial Government}}</ref> in Mactan Island. According to Italian historian and chronicler [[Antonio Pigafetta]], Magellan's body was never recovered despite efforts to trade for it with spice and jewels. Magellan's second-in-command, [[Juan Sebastián Elcano]], took his place as captain of the expedition and sailed the fleet back to Spain, circumnavigating the world.

[[File:Visayans 1.png|thumb|upright|left|Depiction of the Cebuano tattooed warrior class (''[[timawa]]'') in the [[Boxer Codex]] (c. 1590)]]
Survivors of the Magellan expedition returned to Spain with tales of a savage island in the [[Indies|East Indies]]. Consequently, several Spanish expeditions were sent to the islands but all ended in failure. In 1564, Spanish explorers led by [[Miguel López de Legazpi]], sailing from Mexico, arrived in 1565, and established a colony. {{sfn|information.ph|2009b}} The Spaniards fought the King, [[Rajah Tupas]], and occupied his territories. The Spaniards established settlements, trade flourished, and renamed the island "Villa del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús" (Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). Cebu became the first European settlement established by the [[Spanish Cortes]] in the Philippines. In 1595, the Universidad de San Carlos was established and in 1860, Cebu opened its ports to foreign trade. The first printing house (''Imprenta de Escondrillas y Cia'') was established in 1873 and in 1880, the [[Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion]] (College of the Immaculate Conception) was established and the first periodical ''The Bulletin of Cebu'' ("El Boletin de Cebú") began publishing in 1886.

=== American Colonial Period ===
In 1898, the island was ceded to the [[United States]] after the [[Spanish–American War]] and [[Philippine–American War]]. In 1901, Cebu was governed by the United States for a brief period, however, it became a chartered city on February 24, 1937, and was governed independently by Filipino politicians.<ref name="Freeman">{{cite news |last1=Oaminal |first1=Clarence Paul |title=Guests at the inauguration of Cebu City Charter |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2016/09/07/1621229/guests-inauguration-cebu-city-charter |access-date=10 February 2024 |agency=The Freeman |date=7 September 2016}}</ref>

=== Japanese Occupation Period ===
Cebu, being one of the most densely populated islands in the Philippines, served as a [[Japanese Empire|Japanese]] base during their occupation in [[World War II]] which began with the landing of Japanese soldiers in April 1942. A Japanese businessman established Cebu's first "comfort station" during the war, where Japanese soldiers routinely gang-raped, humiliated, and murdered kidnapped girls and teenagers who they forced into sexual slavery under the brutal "[[comfort women]]" system.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/11/29/939811000/philippine-survivor-recounts-her-struggle-as-a-comfort-woman-for-wartime-japan|title=Philippine Survivor Recounts Her Struggle As A 'Comfort Woman' For Wartime Japan|newspaper=NPR.org|publisher=NPR|access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IsBB-RVTlQC&dq=comfort+gay+philippines+japan&pg=PR9|title=The Other Empire: Literary Views of Japan from the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia|year=2008|publisher=The University of the Philippines Press|isbn=9789715425629|access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.awf.or.jp/e1/philippine-00.html | title=Women made to be Comfort Women - Philippines }}</ref> The [[3rd Infantry Division (Philippines)|3rd]], [[8th Infantry Division (Philippines)|8th]], 82nd and 85th Infantry Division of the [[Philippine Commonwealth Army]] was re-established from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the 8th Constabulary Regiment of the [[Philippine Constabulary]] was reestablished again from October 28, 1944, to June 30, 1946, at the military general headquarters and the military camps and garrisoned in Cebu city and Cebu province. They started the [[Philippine resistance against Japan|Anti-Japanese military operations]] in Cebu from April 1942 to September 1945 and helped Cebuano guerrillas and fought against the [[Japanese Imperial forces]]. Almost three years later in March 1945, combined Filipino and American forces [[Battle for Cebu City|landed]] and reoccupied the island during the [[liberation of the Philippines]]. Cebuano guerrilla groups led by an American, [[James M. Cushing]], is credited for the establishment of the "Koga Papers",{{sfn|de Viana|2005}} which is said to have changed the American plans to retake the Philippines from Japanese occupation in 1944, by helping the combined United States and the Philippine Commonwealth Army forces enter Cebu in 1945. The following year the island achieved independence from colonial rule in 1946.

=== Philippine independence ===
==== During the Marcos dictatorship ====
Cebu became a key center of resistance against the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos dictatorship]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mayol |first=Ador Vincent S. |date=December 1, 2016 |title=Cebuanos honor 7 martyrs, 8 survivors of martial law |language=en |newspaper=The [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/849558/cebuanos-honor-7-martyrs-8-survivors-of-martial-law |access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> first becoming apparent when the hastily put-together lineup of Pusyon Bisaya defeated the entire slate of Marcos' [[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan]] (KBL) in Region VII.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Almendras |first=Ruben |date=May 14, 2019 |title=The Pusyon Bisaya phenomenon |work=The Freeman |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2019/05/14/1917643/pusyon-bisaya-phenomenon |access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref>

Among the Cebuanos imediately arrested by the Marcos dictatorship when Martial law was announced on September 23, 1972, were columnist and future National Artist [[Resil Mojares]] and human rights lawyer and Carcar Vice Mayor [[Democrito Barcenas]], who were both detained at Camp Sergio Osmeña.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manticajon |first=Atty Ian Vincent |title=Never forget |work=The [[Philippine Star]] |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2019/02/12/1893062/never-forget |access-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212194534/https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2019/02/12/1893062/never-forget |archive-date=February 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Barcenas |first=Democrito |date=October 4, 2014 |title=Cebu's first martial law detainees |language=en |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/642478/cebus-first-martial-law-detainees |access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mongaya |first=Karlo Mikhail I. |date=2019 |title=Militant Struggles and Anti-Imperialism in Resil Mojares's The Freeman Columns during the Early 1970s |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/743688 |journal=Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints |language=en |volume=67 |issue=3–4 |pages=557–594 |doi=10.1353/phs.2019.0026 |s2cid=213742855 |issn=2244-1638}}</ref>

One of the Marcos Martial Law [[Desaparecidos]] from Cebu was Redemptorist Priest Fr. [[Rudy Romano]],<ref name="MongayaSunStarRemembering">{{Cite news |last=Mongaya |first=Anol |date=September 2, 2017 |title=Mongaya: Inday Nita, Serging, ug Fr. Rudy |language=English |work=SunStar Philippines |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/161913/Mongaya-Inday-Nita-Serging-ug-Fr-Rudy |access-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015152258/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/161913/Mongaya-Inday-Nita-Serging-ug-Fr-Rudy |archive-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref> a prominent Marcos critic and Executive Secretary of Cebu's Coalition against People's Persecution, who was accosted by armed men in Tisa, Labangon, Cebu City on June 11, 1985, and never seen again.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mayol |first=Ador Vincent |date=July 11, 2020 |title=Cebuanos remember Fr. Rudy Romano on 35th year of disappearance |language=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1305358/cebuanos-remember-fr-rudy-romano-on-35th-year-of-disappearance |access-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414090000/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1305358/cebuanos-remember-fr-rudy-romano-on-35th-year-of-disappearance |archive-date=April 14, 2021}}</ref><ref name="BantayogProfileRomanoRudy">{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2016 |title=Martyrs and Heroes: ROMANO, Rosaleo B. |url=https://www.bantayog.org/romano-rosaleo-b/ |access-date=October 15, 2021 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Levi Ybañez]], Romano's colleague in the Coalition against People's Persecution, was abducted on the same day as Fr. Romano, and was also never heard from again.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mongaya |first=Anol |date=November 27, 2016 |title=Mongaya: To honor Cebu heroes on Nov. 30 |language=English |work=SunStar Philippines |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/112367/Lifestyle/Mongaya-To-honor-Cebu-heroes-on-Nov-30 |access-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015153921/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/112367/Lifestyle/Mongaya-To-honor-Cebu-heroes-on-Nov-30 |archive-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref><ref name="BantayogProfileYbanez">{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2015 |title=Heroes and Martyrs: YBAÑEZ, Rolan Ylagan |url=https://www.bantayog.org/ybanez-rolan-ylagan/ |access-date=October 15, 2021 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref>  [[Ribomapil Holganza Sr.|Ribomapil Holganza]], a prominent leader of Cebu's opposition was also arrested together with his son on Christmas Day, December 25, 1983, on political charges.  He was subsequently released and cleared of all charges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2015 |title=Holganza – prominent leader of Cebu's anti-Marcos forces – passes away |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/50581/holganza-prominent-leader-of-cebus-anti-marcos-forces-passes-away |access-date=September 9, 2022 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref>

==== Role in the People Power Revolution ====
Later, Cebu would play a key role in the days leading up to the 1986 [[People Power revolution]] and the ouster of Marcos. It was from Fuente Osmeña circle in Cebu City that the opposition forces relaunched the Civil Disobedience Campaign against the Marcos regime and its cronies on February 22, 1986. After that, the Carmelite Monastery in Barangay Mabolo, Cebu City, served as a refuge for opposition candidates [[Corazon Aquino]] and [[Salvador Laurel]] during the first day of the People Power revolution, because it was not yet safe to go back to Manila.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Erram |first=Morexette Marie B.  |date=February 25, 2021 |title=Cebu and the days leading to February 25, 1986 |language=en |work=Cebu Daily News |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/365044/cebu-and-the-days-leading-to-the-edsa-people-power-revolution |access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref>

=== Contemporary ===
In February 2012 Cebu island experienced the effects of [[2012 Visayas earthquake|magnitude 6.7 earthquake]] on the neighboring island of [[Negros]] and was the largest quake in the area for 90 years. The tremor shook buildings but there were no reports of major building damage or loss of life on Cebu Island itself. This tremor was caused by a [[Blind thrust earthquake|previously unrecorded fault]].<ref name="PIVCS">{{cite web |title=REMINISCENCE OF THE 2012 Ms6.9 NEGROS ORIENTAL QUAKE |url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/616-reminiscence-of-the-2012-ms6-9-negros-oriental-quake |website=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=“Blind” Fault Line Caused Negros Earthquake, Philippine Experts Say |url=https://www.asianscientist.com/2012/02/topnews/philippines-negros-oriental-visayas-earthquake-due-to-blind-fault-line-2012/ |access-date=10 February 2024 |agency=Asian Scientist |date=21 February 2021}}</ref>

In October 2013, Cebu and [[Bohol]] were hit by record-setting [[2013 Bohol earthquake|7.2 magnitude earthquake]] which left 222 dead and collapsed some buildings, including 5 historical churches.<ref name="WHO">{{cite web |title=Bohol Earthquake: One year on |url=https://www.who.int/philippines/news/feature-stories/detail/bohol-earthquake-one-year-on |website=[[World Health Organization]] |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="NBC">{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=M. Alex |title=At least 82 dead, churches destroyed as 7.2 earthquake hits Philippines |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/least-82-dead-churches-destroyed-7-2-earthquake-hits-philippines-flna8c11393871 |access-date=10 February 2024 |agency=[[NBC News]] |date=15 October 2013}}</ref> There were over 700 aftershocks. The northern part of the province was devastated by [[Typhoon Haiyan]] a month later.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aftermath Photos of Cebu in the Wake of Typhoon Yolanda |url=https://asiasociety.org/philippines/aftermath-photos-cebu-wake-typhoon-yolanda |access-date=10 February 2024 |agency=Asia Society}}</ref>

In December 2021, [[Typhoon Rai]] wreaked havoc across the province,<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippines: Super Typhoon Rai (Odette) Humanitarian Needs and Priorities Revision (Dec 2021 - Jun 2022) (2 Feb 2022) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-super-typhoon-rai-odette-humanitarian-needs-and-priorities-revision |website=ReliefWeb |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref> leading to a declaration of "calamity" by the government.<ref name="NPR">{{cite news |last1=McCarthy |first1=Julie |title=Desperation grows in the Philippines in the aftermath of Typhoon Rai |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2021/12/20/1066049450/super-typhoon-rai-leaves-a-path-of-devastation-and-uncertainty |access-date=10 February 2024 |agency=[[NPR]] |date=21 December 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{Infobox islands
| name             = Cebu Island
| local_name       = Sugbo
| map_image        = Ph locator cebu island.png
| location         = [[Visayas]]
| archipelago      = [[Philippines]]
| waterbody        = {{unbulleted list
 | [[Camotes Sea]]
 | [[Visayan Sea]]
 | [[Cebu Strait]]
 | [[Tañon Strait]]}}
| area_km2         = 4467.5
| area_footnotes   = {{sfn|UNEP|1998}}
| rank             =
| length_km        = 196
| length_footnotes = {{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2016}}
| width_km         = 32
| width_footnotes  = {{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2016}}
| coastline_km     = 513.9
| coastline_footnotes = {{sfn|UNEP|1998}}
| elevation_m      = 1097
| elevation_footnotes = {{sfn|UNEP|1998}}
| highest_mount    =
| country          = Philippines
| country_admin_divisions_title     = Region
| country_admin_divisions           = [[Central Visayas]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1   = Province
| country_admin_divisions_1         = Cebu
| demonym          = Cebuanos (masculine) / Cebuanas (feminine)
| ethnic_groups    = [[Visayans]] ([[Cebuano people|Cebuanos]])
| population       = {{formatnum:{{#expr:<!-- Cebu Province -->+{{formatnum:{{PH wikidata|population_total}}<!-- Cebu city -->+{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q1467}} <!-- Mandaue -->+{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q1889017}} <!-- minus Bantayan --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q315771}} <!-- minus Cordova --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q315965}} <!-- minus Madridejos --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316080}} <!-- minus Pilar --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316425}} <!-- minus Poro --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316275}} <!-- minus San Francisco --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316332}} <!-- minus Santa Fe --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316370}} <!-- minus Tudela --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316564}}|R}}}}}}
| population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{PH census|current}}
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2      = {{sigfig| {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{formatnum:<!-- Cebu Province -->+{{PH wikidata|population_total}}<!-- Cebu city -->+{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q1467}} <!-- Mandaue -->+{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q1889017}} <!-- minus Bantayan --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q315771}} <!-- minus Cordova --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q315965}} <!-- minus Madridejos --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316080}} <!-- minus Pilar --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316425}} <!-- minus Poro --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316275}} <!-- minus San Francisco --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316332}} <!-- minus Santa Fe --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316370}} <!-- minus Tudela --> +-{{PH wikidata|population_total|Q316564}}|R}}}}}} / 4467.5 |2}}
| density_rank     =
| density_footnotes =
}}

Cebu is located to the east of [[Negros (island)|Negros]], to the west of [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]] and [[Bohol (island)|Bohol]] islands. The province consists of Cebu Island, as well as 167 smaller islands, which include [[Mactan]], [[Bantayan Island|Bantayan]], [[Malapascua Island|Malapascua]], [[Olango Island Group|Olango]] and the [[Camotes Islands]]. But the highly urbanized cities of [[Cebu City|Cebu]], Lapu-Lapu and [[Mandaue]] are [[Independent component city|independent cities]] not under provincial supervision, yet are often grouped with the province for geographical and statistical purposes.

The province's land area is {{convert|4944|km2|sp=us}}, or when the independent cities are included for geographical purposes, the total area is {{convert|5342|km2|sp=us}}.

Cebu's central location, proximity to an unusually exotic tourist destination, ready access to a diversity of plant, animal and geological wonders within the island, and remoteness from earthquake and typhoon activity are some of the special attributes of Cebu.

===Cebu Island===
[[File:Cebu Island, PH, Sentinel-2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Cebu island satellite image captured by [[Sentinel-2]] in 2016]]

Cebu Island is the [[List of islands by area#Islands|126th largest island in the world]]. Cebu Island itself is long and narrow, stretching {{convert|196|km|sp=us}} from north to south and {{convert|32|km|sp=us}} across at its widest point.{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2016}} It has narrow coastlines, limestone plateaus, and coastal plains. It also has rolling hills and rugged mountain ranges traversing the northern and southern lengths of the island.

Cebu's highest mountains are over {{convert|1000|m}} high. Flat tracts of land can be found in the city of [[Bogo, Cebu|Bogo]] and in the towns of [[San Remigio, Cebu|San Remigio]], [[Medellin, Cebu|Medellin]] and [[Daanbantayan, Cebu|Daanbantayan]] at the northern region of the province.{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2016}}

The island's area is {{Convert|4468|km2}},{{sfn|UNEP|1998}} making it the 9th largest island in the Philippines. It supports over 5.2 million people,<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |title=Cebu |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cebu |website=[[Britannica]] |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref> of which an estimated 2.9 million live in [[Metro Cebu]].<ref name="USTDA">{{cite web |title=Philippines: Metro Cebu Intelligent Transportation System Master Plan Technical Assistance |url=https://www.ustda.gov/business_opp_oversea/philippines-metro-cebu-intelligent-transportation-system-master-plan-technical-assistance-2/ |website=US Trade and Development Agency |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref>

Beaches, coral atolls, islands, and rich fishing grounds surround Cebu.

Coal was first discovered in Cebu about 1837. There were 15 localities over the whole island, on both coasts; some desultory mining had been carried out Naga near Mount Uling, but most serious operations were at Licos and Camansi west of Compostela and Danao.{{sfn|Abella y Casariego|1886}} Active work ceased about 1895 with insurrections, and no production worked for more than ten years. A topographic and geologic survey of Compostela, Danao, and Carmen took place in 1906.{{sfn|Smith|1907}} The Compostela-Danao coalfield contained about six million workable tons. The tramroads, one from Danao to Camansi, one from Compostela to Mount Licos, were undertaken in 1895, together with a wagon road built in 1877, from Cotcot to Dapdap.

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Cebu}}
The climate of Cebu is tropical. There are 2 seasons in Cebu − the dry and wet season.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm
|title=Weather
|access-date=April 26, 2017
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525212029/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm
|archive-date=May 25, 2013
}}</ref> It is dry and sunny most of the year with some occasional rains during the months of June to December. The province of Cebu normally gets typhoons once a year or none.

Northern Cebu gets more rainfall and typhoons than southern Cebu because it has a different climate. [[Typhoon Haiyan]] (Yolanda) hit Northern Cebu in 2013 killing 73 people and injuring 348 others. Though most typhoons hit only the northern part of Cebu, the urban areas in central Cebu are sometimes hit, such as when [[Typhoon Mike]] (Ruping), one of the worst to hit Cebu lashed the central Cebu area in 1990. 31 years later, [[Typhoon Rai]] struck the central and southern portions of the province.

Cebu's temperatures can reach a high of {{convert|36|C|F}} from March to May, and as low as {{convert|18|C|F}} in the mountains during the wet season. The average temperature is around {{convert|24|to|34|C|F}}, and does not fluctuate much except during the month of May, which is the hottest month. Cebu averages 70–80% humidity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guidetocebu.com/information/weather.html |title=Weather in Cebu |publisher=Guide to Cebu |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826084032/http://www.guidetocebu.com/information/weather.html |archive-date=August 26, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Fauna===
{{see also|List of amphibians and reptiles of Cebu}}[[File:Copsychus cebuensis 1992 stamp of the Philippines.jpg|thumb|250px|Copsychus cebuensis, the Black Shama (locally called ''Siloy''), is a species of Shama bird that is only found in the island of Cebu. It is currently endangered. It has been observed as far in urban areas as Cebu City, but is mainly abundant in the species' last stronghold, the Nug-as rainforest of [[Alcoy, Cebu|Alcoy]]. It can also be found in Casili, [[Consolacion]] and the mountainous areas of the [[N815 highway|Trans Central Highway]]. The bird was once featured on the official stamp of Cebu.]][[Endemic]] species in Cebu include the Cebu Flowerpecker (''[[Dicaeum quadricolor]]''), Cebu Slender Skink (''[[Brachymeles cebuensis]]''), Uling Goby (''[[Sicyopus cebuensis]]''), and Black Shama (''[[Copsychus cebuensis]]'').

There is also a subspecies of [[Idea leuconoe]] that is only endemic to Cebu. ''I. l. jumaloni'' is endemic to the area of [[Kawasan Falls]] in [[Badian, Cebu|Badian]], hence its common name, the ''Kawasan Paper Kite Butterfly''. The subspecies is also named after Julian Jumalon, a Cebuano [[Lepidopterist]] and butterfly artist. The butterfly can also be observed in the Nug-as rainforest.

===Flora===
Cebu has little remaining forest cover. The remaining forest patches in Cebu are composed primarily of the following tree species.<ref>Supsup, Christian & Puna, Nevong & Asis, Augusto & Redoblado, Bernard & Fatima Panaguinit, Maria & Guinto, Faith & Rico, Edmund & Diesmos, Arvin & Brown, Rafe & Mallari, Neil. (2016). Amphibians and Reptiles of Cebu, Philippines: The Poorly Understood Herpetofauna of an Island with Very Little Remaining Natural Habitat. Asian Herpetological Research. 7. 151–179. 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.150049.</ref>

*[[Mount Lantoy]]: ''[[Carallia brachiata]]'' and introduced species ''[[Tectona grandis]]'', ''[[Swietenia macrophylla]]'', ''[[Gmelina arborea]]'', and ''[[Casuarina equisetifolia]]''
*Palinipinon Mountains: ''[[Carallia brachiata]]'' and introduced species ''[[Swietenia macrophylla]]''
*Nug-as forest: ''[[Ficus]]'' spp., ''[[Artocarpus blancoi]]'', ''[[Macaranga grandifolia]]'', and ''[[Cinnamomum cebuense]]''
*Mount Lanaya: ''[[Carallia brachiata]]''
*Mount Tabunan: ''[[Trevesia burckii]]'', ''[[Voacanga globosa]]'', ''[[Heptapleurum actinophyllum]]'', ''[[Pouteria villamilii]]'', and ''[[Palaquium luzoniense]]''

===Administrative divisions===
[[File:Ph fil cebu.png|thumb|250px|left]]
The province of Cebu has '''3''' highly urbanized cities ([[Cebu City|Cebu]], [[Lapu-Lapu City|Lapu-Lapu]], and [[Mandaue]]), '''6''' component cities ([[Bogo, Cebu|Bogo]], [[Carcar, Cebu|Carcar]], [[Danao, Cebu|Danao]], [[Naga, Cebu|Naga]], [[Talisay, Cebu|Talisay]], and [[Toledo, Cebu|Toledo]]), and '''44''' municipalities for a total of '''53''' units as listed below:
{{PH town table|top}}
{{PH town table|072201000| [[Alcantara, Cebu|Alcantara]] |Q315636 | 13556}}
{{PH town table|072202000| [[Alcoy, Cebu|Alcoy]] |Q315655 | 14757}}
{{PH town table|072203000| [[Alegria, Cebu|Alegria]] |Q315669 | 22072}}
{{PH town table|072204000| [[Aloguinsan]] |Q315687 | 27650}}
{{PH town table|072205000| [[Argao]] |Q315703 | 69503}}
{{PH town table|072206000| [[Asturias, Cebu|Asturias]] |Q315719 | 44732}}
{{PH town table|072207000| [[Badian, Cebu|Badian]] |Q315733 | 37699}}
{{PH town table|072208000| [[Balamban]] |Q315754 | 71237}}
{{PH town table|072209000| [[Bantayan, Cebu|Bantayan]] |Q315771 | 74785}}
{{PH town table|072210000| [[Barili]] |Q315790 | 65524}}
{{PH town table|072211000| [[Bogo, Cebu|Bogo City]] |Q890623 | 69911 |8=cc}}
{{PH town table|072212000| [[Boljoon]] |Q315809 | 14877}}
{{PH town table|072213000| [[Borbon, Cebu|Borbon]] |Q315827 | 32278}}
{{PH town table|072214000| [[Carcar|Carcar City]] |Q315851 |100632 |8=cc}}
{{PH town table|072215000| [[Carmen, Cebu|Carmen]] |Q315882 | 41279}}
{{PH town table|072216000| [[Catmon]] |Q315900 | 27330}}
{{PH town table|072217000| [[Cebu City]] |Q1467 |866171|8=huc}}
{{PH town table|072218000| [[Compostela, Cebu|Compostela]] |Q315923 | 39167}}
{{PH town table|072219000| [[Consolacion]] |Q315945 |106649 }}
{{PH town table|072220000| [[Cordova, Cebu|Cordova]] |Q315965 | 50353}}
{{PH town table|072221000| [[Daanbantayan]] |Q315981 | 74897}}
{{PH town table|072222000| [[Dalaguete]] |Q316001 | 63239}}
{{PH town table|072223000| [[Danao, Cebu|Danao City]] |Q1159273|119252|8=cc}}
{{PH town table|072224000| [[Dumanjug]] |Q316019 | 46754}}
{{PH town table|072225000| [[Ginatilan]] |Q316037 | 15327}}
{{PH town table|072226000| [[Lapu-Lapu City]] |Q574903 |350467|8=huc}}
{{PH town table|072227000| [[Liloan, Cebu|Liloan]] |Q316056 |100500}}
{{PH town table|072228000| [[Madridejos, Cebu|Madridejos]] |Q316080 | 34905}}
{{PH town table|072229000| [[Malabuyoc]] |Q316101 | 18426}}
{{PH town table|072230000| [[Mandaue]] |Q1889017|331320|8=huc}}
{{PH town table|072231000| [[Medellin, Cebu|Medellin]] |Q316125 | 50047}}
{{PH town table|072232000| [[Minglanilla]] |Q316146 |113178}}
{{PH town table|072233000| [[Moalboal]] |Q316171 | 27676}}
{{PH town table|072234000| [[Naga, Cebu|Naga City]] |Q316197 |101571|8=cc}}
{{PH town table|072235000| [[Oslob]] |Q316230 | 26116}}
{{PH town table|072236000| [[Pilar, Cebu|Pilar]] |Q316245 | 11564}}
{{PH town table|072237000| [[Pinamungajan]] |Q316259 | 57997}}
{{PH town table|072238000| [[Poro, Cebu|Poro]] |Q316275 | 23498}}
{{PH town table|072239000| [[Ronda, Cebu|Ronda]] |Q316289 | 18582}}
{{PH town table|072240000| [[Samboan]] |Q316303 | 18613}}
{{PH town table|072241000| [[San Fernando, Cebu|San Fernando]] |Q316318 | 60970}}
{{PH town table|072242000| [[San Francisco, Cebu|San Francisco]] |Q316332 | 47357}}
{{PH town table|072243000| [[San Remigio, Cebu|San Remigio]] |Q316350 | 51394}}
{{PH town table|072244000| [[Santa Fe, Cebu|Santa Fe]] |Q316370 | 27270}}
{{PH town table|072245000| [[Santander, Cebu|Santander]] |Q316386 | 16105}}
{{PH town table|072246000| [[Sibonga]] |Q316404 | 43641}}
{{PH town table|072247000| [[Sogod, Cebu|Sogod]] |Q316432 | 30626}}
{{PH town table|072248000| [[Tabogon]] |Q316453 | 33024}}
{{PH town table|072249000| [[Tabuelan]] |Q316474 | 22292}}
{{PH town table|072250000| [[Talisay, Cebu|Talisay]] |Q316500 |200772|8=cc}}
{{PH town table|072251000| [[Toledo, Cebu|Toledo City]] |Q316527 |157078|8=cc}}
{{PH town table|072252000| [[Tuburan, Cebu|Tuburan]] |Q316547 | 58914}}
{{PH town table|072253000| [[Tudela, Cebu|Tudela]] |Q316564 | 9859}}
{{PH town table|bottom|4=2619362|8=cc,huc}}

==Demographics==
{{See also|Cebuano people|List of people from Cebu}}
{{Philippine Census
| align= none
| cols = 3
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}
| 1918 = {{PH census population|1918}}
| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}
| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}
| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}
| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}
| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}
| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}
| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}
| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}
| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}
| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}
| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
| 2025 = 
| 2030 = 
| footnote = {{font|size=110%|text=Excludes independent cities<br />Source: Philippine Statistics Authority}}{{font|size=118%|text={{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}}}
}}
[[File:Basilica Minore del Santo Nino.jpg|thumb|The [[Basilica del Santo Niño|Basílica Minore del Santo Niño]] in Cebu, the first church built in the Philippines. Named by the [[Holy See]] as the "Mother and Head... of all Churches of the Philippine Islands".<ref>Basilica del Santo Niño is named by the Vatican as "mother and head of all churches in the Philippines" (mater et caput... omnium ecclesiarum Insularum Philippinarum). See ''[https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/la/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-vi_apl_19650401_ut-clarificetur.html Ut clarificetur]''</ref>]]
The population of Cebu Province in 2015 was 2,938,982 people, with a density of {{convert|590|PD/km2|disp=or}}.{{PH census|current}} When the independent cities – Cebu City (922,611<ref name="city population">{{cite web |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/R07.xlsx |title=Press release|website=psa.gov.ph}}</ref>), Lapu-Lapu (408,112<ref name="city population" />), and Mandaue (362,654<ref name="city population" />) – are included for geographical purposes, the total population is 4,632,359 people, with a population density of 870 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,300/sq mi).

The population of the [[Central Visayas]] is predominantly young with about 37 percent of its population below 10 years old. This is very evident in the very broad base of the population pyramid in the region which has prevailed since 1970 but at a declining rate. A decline of 2.29 percentage points in the proportion of household population below 15 years old was noted from 1980 to 1995. Conversely, an increase of 3.06 percentage points was observed in the 15–64 age group during the same period. The population of the region is evenly distributed between males and females. However, the male population in the region has been increasing at a faster rate compared to the female population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popcom.gov.ph/regions/07/more_on_demographics.html |title=More on demographics |publisher=The Commission on Population of the Philippines |access-date=August 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005112554/http://www.popcom.gov.ph/regions/07/more_on_demographics.html |archive-date=October 5, 2011 }}</ref>

In 2010, the median age of the population of the province was 23.0 years, which means that half of the population was younger than 23.0 {{nowrap|years.{{PSGC detail|nscb}}}} This is higher than the median age of 20.8 years that was recorded in 2000.

===Languages===
{{See also|Cebuano language}}
{{bar box
| width    = 275px
| title    = Spoken Languages in Cebu Province<ref>{{cite web|url=http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/CEBU_FINAL%20PDF.pdf|title=Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: 2010}}</ref>
| titlebar = #f99
| left1    = Languages
| right1   = percentage
| float    = right
| bars     =
 {{bar percent|Cebuano/Bisaya/Binisaya/Boholano|Blue|98.8}}
 {{bar percent|Hiligaynon|Green|0.2}}
 {{bar percent|Tagalog|Black|0.2}}
 {{bar percent|Others|Silver|0.8}}
}}
The [[Cebuano language]] is spoken in Cebu, which is also spoken in the rest of [[Central Visayas]] and most parts of [[Eastern Visayas]], as well as most provinces of [[Mindanao]].

In the [[Camotes Islands]], especially in [[Poro, Cebu|Poro]], people there speak their own Visayan language called [[Porohanon]], which has [[Masbateño language|Masbateño]] and [[Waray-Waray language|Waray-Waray]] influences. Some of the residents in Bantayan islands also speak [[Bantayanon]], a Visayan language related to [[Waray-Waray language|Waray-Waray]].

[[Chinese Filipino]]s also speak [[Philippine Hokkien]] privately amongst fellow speakers in [[Metro Cebu|Cebu]], while [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] ([[Standard Chinese]]) is also taught in Chinese class of [[Chinese school|Chinese Filipino schools]].

===Religion===
{{multiple image
| align             = left
| direction         = horizontal
| total_width       = 250
| image1            = Original Image of the Santo Niño de Cebu.jpg
| caption1          = The original image of [[Santo Niño de Cebú]], an image of the Child Jesus given by [[Ferdinand Magellan]] to Queen Juana and to the [[Cebuanos]] after the First Baptism, now enshrined at the Minor Basilica. Cebuanos and Filipinos alike believe this image to be miraculous. The image is the only [[canonically crowned]] image of Jesus Christ in the Philippines.
| image2            = Original image of Guadalupe de Cebu.jpg
| caption2          = The image of [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]] of Cebu. The Virgin of Guadalupe was proclaimed the patron saint of the province by the [[Archdiocese of Cebu|Archdiocese]] after the miraculous healings during the [[Cholera]] epidemic of Cebu. The image is one of the three canonically crowned images of the [[Virgin Mary]] in Cebu.
| image3            = Virgen de Regla de Opon, Isla de Mactan, Cebu, FIlipinas.jpg
| caption3          = The image of Our Lady of the Rule of Opon. The Virgin of the Rule is venerated as the patron saint of Opon, the area of [[Mactan]] that is currently [[Lapu-lapu City]], as well as the whole island of Mactan. The Marian title is believed to have originated from [[St. Augustine]], who dedicated to her the rules he created for the members of his order to follow. The image of Virgen De La Regla is located in the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Rule in Lapu-Lapu City. The image is one of the three canonically crowned images of the Virgin Mary in Cebu.
}}

The majority of its population are [[Roman Catholicism in the Philippines|Roman Catholic]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cebu.gov.ph/?getid=2&getsubid=24&infolinkids=26&GetBodyName=Culture%20and%20Lifestyle&rightpdisable=0 |title=Cebu – Paradise: Culture and Lifestyle |publisher=Cebu Provincial Government |access-date=December 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719055833/http://www.cebu.gov.ph/?getid=2&getsubid=24&infolinkids=26&GetBodyName=Culture%20and%20Lifestyle&rightpdisable=0 |archive-date=July 19, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> followed by roughly 95% of Cebuanos.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority {{!}} Republic of the Philippines |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=psa.gov.ph}}</ref> There are also followers of [[Iglesia Filipina Independiente]], [[Islam]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]].

Cebu is the capital of the Catholic faith{{sfn|Bautista|2006}} by virtue of being the first Christian city,{{sfn|Blair|Robertson|Vol 2|page=121}} the first capital of the [[Spanish East Indies]], and the birthplace of [[Christianity in the Philippines|Christianity]] and the Philippine Church. [[Pope John Paul II]], in his Homily for Families in Cebu (February 19, 1981), called the island as the birthplace of Christianity in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1981/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19810219_famiglie_en.html|title=19 February 1981: Mass for families, Cebu City, Philippines – John Paul II|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> At over 3,000,000 adherents, the province of Cebu has the highest number of Roman Catholics out of any province in the Philippines.<ref name=":0" />

The image of ''Santo Niño de Cebú'' (Holy Child of Cebu), the oldest Christian image in the Philippines, is enshrined and venerated at the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño. According to Philippine historical documents, the statue of the Santo Niño (Holy Child) was given to Queen Humamay (also referred to as Hara Amihan and Queen Juana), the wife of Rajah Humabon (also referred to as Rajah Carlos), the Rajah of Cebu by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. The Cebuanos' acceptance of Christianity is depicted in Cebu's cultural event, the [[Sinulog]] where street parades and loud drum beats preceded by a Christian Mass is celebrated every third Sunday of January. Cebu has a [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu|Roman Catholic Archdiocese]] and has several major churches, including the [[Basilica del Santo Niño|Basilica Minor del Santo Niño de Cebu]], [[Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral]], Santo Rosario Parish Church, San José–Recoletos Church, Sacred Heart Church, Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes, National Shrine of Our Lady of the Rule, [[Mandaue Church|National Shrine of Saint Joseph of Mandaue]], Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe of Cebu, San Nicolas de Tolentino Church, [[Boljoon Church|Archdiocesan Shrine of Patrocinio de Maria Santissima of Boljoon]], and other Christian churches, as well as several other non-Catholic churches, mosques and temples.
{{clear left}}

==Government==

[[File:Gwen1 20011 Haarry Wad.jpg|thumb|Gov. Gwen Garcia in 2011]]

[[File:Gov Hilario Davide III Official Cebu Prof (cropped).jpg|thumb|Vice Gov. Hilario Davide in 2013]]
* Governor: [[Gwendolyn Garcia]] ([[PDP–Laban]]/[[One Cebu]]/[[Hugpong ng Pagbabago|HNP]])
* Vice Governor: [[Hilario Davide III|Hilario P. Davide III]] ([[Liberal Party (Philippines)|LP]]/[[Barug Alang sa Kauswagan ug Demokrasya|BAKUD]])

Former governors of Cebu:
{{Div col}}
* [[Julio A. Llorente|Julio Llorente]]  1900–1901
* [[Juan Climaco]]  1902–1903
* [[Sergio Osmeña]] 1904–1905
* [[Dionisio Jakosalem]]  1907–1912
* [[Manuel A. Roa|Manuel Roa]] 1912–1922
* [[Arsenio Climaco]]  1923–1930
* [[Mariano Jesus Cuenco]]  1931–1933
* [[Sotero Cabahug]]  1934–1937
* [[Buenaventura Rodriguez]]  1937–1940
* [[Hilario Abellana]] 1941–1943
* [[Jose Delgado (politician)|Jose Delgado]] 1943–1944{{efn-lr|name=r1|1=Appointed}}
* [[Jose Leyson]] 1944–1945{{efn-lr|name=r1}}
* [[Fructuoso Cabahug]] 1945–1946
* [[Manuel A. Cuenco|Manuel Cuenco]] 1946–1951
* [[Sergio Osmeña, Jr.]]  1952–1955
* [[Jose Briones]] 1956–1961
* [[Francisco Remotigue]] 1961–1963
* [[Rene Espina]] 1964–1969
* [[Osmundo Rama]] 1969–1976, 1986–1988{{efn-lr|name=r1}}
* [[Eduardo Gullas]]  1976–1986{{efn-lr|name=r1}}
* [[Lito Osmeña]]  1988–1992
* [[Vicente dela Serna|Vicente de la Serna]] 1992–1995
* [[Pablo P. Garcia|Pablo Garcia]]  1995–2004
* [[Gwendolyn Garcia]]  2004–2013, 2019–
* [[Hilario Davide III]]  2013–2019
{{Div col end}}
{{notelist-lr}}

===Congress===
{{main|Legislative districts of Cebu|19th Congress of the Philippines#Membership}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!width=40px|[[Congressional districts of the Philippines|District]]
! colspan= 2 |[[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Representative]]
!width=120px|[[List of political parties in the Philippines|Party]]
!width=45px|Term
!width=120px|Bloc
|-
|align=center|[[Cebu's 1st congressional district|1st]]
| {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}}
|Rhea Mae Gullas
| align="center" | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://halalanresults.abs-cbn.com/local/cebu |title=Halalan 2019 Philippine Election Results &#124; ABS-CBN News |access-date=September 26, 2019 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727185238/https://halalanresults.abs-cbn.com/local/cebu |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| align="center" | 1
| align="center" | Majority
|-
|align=center|[[Cebu's 2nd congressional district|2nd]]
| {{party color cell|National Unity Party (Philippines)}}
|Edsel Galeos
| align="center" | [[Lakas–CMD|Lakas]]
| align="center" | 1
| align="center" | Majority
|-
|align=center|[[Cebu's 3rd congressional district|3rd]]
| {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}
|[[Pablo John Garcia]]
| align="center" |  [[National Unity Party (Philippines)|NUP]]
| align="center" | 2
| align="center" | Majority
|-
|align=center|[[Cebu's 4th congressional district|4th]]
| {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}
|[[Janice Salimbangon]]
| align="center" | [[National Unity Party (Philippines)|NUP]]
| align="center" | 2
| align="center" | Majority
|-
|align=center|[[Cebu's 5th congressional district|5th]]
| {{party color cell|Lakas–CMD}}
|Duke Frasco
| align="center" | [[National Unity Party (Philippines)|NUP]]/[[One Cebu|1-Cebu]]
| align="center" | 2
| align="center" | Majority
|-
|align=center|[[Cebu's 6th congressional district|6th]]
| {{party color cell|Lakas-CMD }}
|Daphne Lagon
| align="center" |[[Lakas-CMD|Lakas]]
| align="center" | 1
| align="center" | Majority
|-
|align=center|[[Cebu's 7th congressional district|7th]]
| {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|[[Peter John Calderon]]
| align="center" |[[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]]
| align="center" | 2
| align="center" | Majority
|}

==Economy==
{{stack|float=left|{{PH poverty incidence}}}}
{{See also|Economy of the Philippines}}
[[File:Cebu City.jpg|alt=|thumb|right|Cebu City, although independent from Cebu Province (together with Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu), is the largest city and economic hub of the island.]]
"[[Ceboom]]", a combination of ''Cebu'' and ''boom'', has been used to describe the province's economic development. With many beautiful islands, white sand beaches, luxury hotels and resorts, diving locations and heritage sites, high domestic and foreign tourist arrivals have fueled the tourism industry of Cebu. Cebu consistently gets a big share of tourist arrivals in the Philippines and has become the tourist gateway to Central and Southern Philippines due to its central geographic location, accessibility, and natural resources. The province also hosts various national and international conferences every year.

About 80% of domestic and international shipping operators and shipbuilders in the Philippines are located in Cebu. Shipbuilding companies in Cebu have manufactured bulk carriers of up to {{DWT|70,000|metric|disp=long}}, and double-hulled [[fastcraft]] as well. Cebu's industry helps make the Philippines the 5th largest shipbuilding country in the world.

Cebu's extensive port facilities and its proximity to intra-Asian shipping and air routes are major factors which led multinational companies to establish offices or factories on the main island, as well as in the island of Mactan, where they are clustered in special economic zones known as the Mactan Economic Processing Zone 1 (MEPZ-1) and the Mactan Economic Processing Zone 2 (MEPZ-2). Due to its burgeoning furniture-making industry, Cebu has been named as the furniture capital of the Philippines. Cebu's other exports include: fashion accessories, guitars, coconut, coconut oil, dried mangoes, [[carrageenan]], gifts, toys, watches, cameras, electronic components, and housewares.

With a revenue growth rate of 18.8 percent in 2012, the real estate industry is the fastest-growing sector in Cebu. With the strong economic indicators and high investors' confidence level, more condominium projects and hypermarkets are being developed in the locality. An additional 100 commercial and residential buildings would be completed by 2015 and another 170 to 200 buildings are expected to be finished by 2017. 64 new hypermarkets will be developed in Cebu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/334233/real-estate-sector-fastest-growing-industry-in-cebu |title=Real estate sector fastest growing industry in Cebu |date=January 3, 2013 |website=SunStar Cebu |access-date=June 25, 2013}}</ref>

In 2013, Cebu ranked 8th worldwide in the "Top 100 BPO Destinations Report" by global advisory firm, Tholons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2013/02/12/cebu-rises-8th-best-site-bpos-267725 |title=Cebu rises to 8th best site for BPOs |date=February 12, 2013 |website=SunStar Cebu |access-date=March 18, 2013 |archive-date=March 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317032726/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2013/02/12/cebu-rises-8th-best-site-bpos-267725 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/metro-manila--cebu-among-top-global-bpo-destinations-094957693.html |title=Metro Manila, Cebu among top global BPO destinations |website=Yahoo! Philippines |access-date=March 18, 2013}}</ref> The Cebu Chamber of Commerce and Industry, an organization of Cebu's businesses, is promoting the city's growth and economy on information and communications technology, with the aim of making Cebu the premier ICT, software and e-services investment destination in southeast Asia. Data gathered by the National Economic Development Authority (Neda) 7 showed that of the 98 BPO and IT companies operating in Cebu, 32 offer voice operations while 66 companies offer non-voice operations. Of the 95,000 employed by the industry, more than half or 50,000 are in the non-voice sector. In 2012, the growth in IT-BPO revenues in Cebu grew 26.9 percent at $484 million, while nationally, the industry grew 18.2 percent at $13 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/business/2013/05/16/non-voice-overtakes-voice-operation-cebu-282691 |title=Non-voice overtakes voice operation in Cebu |date=May 16, 2013 |website=SunStar Cebu |access-date=June 25, 2013 |archive-date=June 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605162445/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/business/2013/05/16/non-voice-overtakes-voice-operation-cebu-282691 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cebuholdings.com/feature/cebu-park-district|title=Cebu Park District, Cebu Holdings|access-date=April 26, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101223915/http://www.cebuholdings.com/feature/cebu-park-district|archive-date=January 1, 2013}}</ref>

Cebu's economy is also driven by the mining and quarrying areas in [[Toledo, Cebu|Toledo]], [[Naga, Cebu|Naga]], [[Alcoy, Cebu|Alcoy]], and [[Danao, Cebu|Danao]].

Cebu even boasts being a subsidiary of one of the leading ice rink manufacturers in the world. These rinks are engineered and fabricated in Cebu by Ice Rink Supply and shipped worldwide<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icerinksupply.com | title=Ice Rink Supply, Banilad, Cebu |access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> and Freeze Point Rink Services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freezepointrinks.com | title=Freeze Point – Ice Rink Supplier, Mandaue, Cebu |access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref>

Tourism is an important industry for the province. In 2019, Cebu welcomed 1.4 million foreign tourists,<ref>{{ cite news |last=Erram |first=Morexette Marie B. |date=January 25, 2020 |title=DOT: Cebu was 2nd top foreign tourists' destination in 2019 |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/283695/dot-cebu-was-2nd-top-foreign-tourists-destination-in-2019 |work=[[Cebu Daily News]] |access-date=August 31, 2022 }}</ref> and is one of the most visited in the country by both domestic and foreign visitors. Cebu Island has also entered the list of [[Condé Nast Traveler]]'s World's Best Islands rankings thrice: 2016, 2017 and 2019. [[Cebu City]] and Cebu Province, despite being administratively separated from each other, are often marketed as a single tourist destination, combining natural countryside scenery with urban attractions including cultural-historical sites and developing infrastructure.

==Infrastructure==
[[File:Mactan Cebu International Airport (Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu; 09-04-2022).jpg|thumb|Terminal 2 building of the [[Mactan–Cebu International Airport]].]]
[[File:CCLEX Bridge (Cebu City; 09-07-2022).jpg|thumb|The [[Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway|CCLEX Bridge]], completed in 2022, is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the Philippines]]
[[Mactan–Cebu International Airport]] (MCIA) on the island of [[Mactan]] serves as the main gateway to domestic and international routes to or from Cebu City and other islands in the [[Visayas]] region. In the last 15 years, MCIA's passenger traffic has grown at an annual average of 21% for international passenger traffic. The airport is the second busiest airport in the Philippines in passenger and cargo traffic. The plan for a new terminal expansion of the airport is underway and estimated to cost $240 million under a [[public-private partnership]] program of the Philippine government. The new terminal will host international flights while the old terminal will host domestic flights.<ref name=ref2013040306>{{Cite news|url=http://investvine.com/philippine-ppps-queue-up-investors/ |title=Philippine PPPs queue up investors |website=InvestVine.com |date=April 3, 2013}}</ref>

In addition, MCIA Authority (MCIAA) General Manager [[Nigel Paul Villarete]] also proposed to establish a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line to transport airport passengers to and from MCIAA and different parts of Cebu. This will be integrated into the proposed [[Cebu Bus Rapid Transit System|Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System]] being planned in [[Metro Cebu]].

The [[Port of Cebu]] is the largest shipping hub in the Visayas region.

[[Cebu Pacific]] Air is an airline owned by Cebu-based Gokongwei family. On May 28, 2008, Cebu Pacific was named as the world's number one airline in terms of growth. The airline carried a total of almost 5.5 million passengers in 2007, up 57.4% from 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cebupacificair.com/about-us/pages/news.aspx?id=656|title=Cebu Pacific is world's No. 1 in growth|access-date=August 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215449/https://www.cebupacificair.com/about-us/pages/news.aspx?id=656|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> On January 6, 2011, Cebu Pacific flew its 50 millionth passenger (from [[Manila]] to [[Beijing]]). The airline reached the 100 million passengers in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airline-philippines.com/674/cebu-pacific-reaches-50-million-passengers-mark/ |title=Cebu Pacific Reaches 50 Million Passengers Mark |website=Airline-philippines.com |access-date=June 26, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316232819/http://www.airline-philippines.com/674/cebu-pacific-reaches-50-million-passengers-mark/ |archive-date=March 16, 2012 }}</ref> Cebu Pacific commenced international long-haul flights to Middle East and Australia, flight to Guam starting Q1 2016.

Notable business districts are the [[Cebu Business Park]] and the [[Cebu IT Park]]. This area hosts industries related to the information technology industry such as software development, telecommunications, engineering research and development centers, and business process outsourcing. In 2013, [[Ayala Corporation]]'s affiliate, Ayala Land Inc., announced that it is looking at introducing another business park development within the Cebu City area to optimize the high performance of real estate investments in Cebu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/business/2013/04/22/cebu-holdings-inc-planning-new-business-district-278943|title=Cebu Holdings Inc. planning new business district| last1= Sun.Star|website=[[SunStar]] |date=April 22, 2013|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref>

The city's {{convert|300|ha|acre km2 m2|adj=on}} reclamation forms South Road Properties – a mixed-use development south of the city which features entertainment, leisure, residential and business-processing industries.<ref name="About South Road Properties">{{cite web |url=http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/deptsoffices/frontline/srp |title=About South Road Properties |publisher=City Government of Cebu |access-date=February 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301114258/http://www.cebucity.gov.ph/deptsoffices/frontline/srp |archive-date=March 1, 2013 }}</ref> Is the site of [[SM Seaside City Cebu]], the [[List of largest shopping malls in the world|eighth largest mall in the world]] (and [[List of largest shopping malls in the Philippines|3rd largest shopping mall in the Philippines]]), [[Filinvest]]'s Citta di Mare<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cebuinvestment.com/citta-di-mare.html|title=City di Mare|access-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> and Il Corso,<ref>{{cite news
| title      = Filinvest's Il Corso mall rises at SRP-Cebu
| last1      = Libotero
| first1      = Sinjin Pineda
| date      = June 7, 2013
| url      = http://www.libotero.com/filinvest-il-corso-mall-rises-srp-cebu/
| access-date      = February 17, 2016
| archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831010229/http://www.libotero.com/filinvest-il-corso-mall-rises-srp-cebu/
| archive-date      = August 31, 2015
| url-status      = dead
}}</ref>
and the [[University of the Philippines Cebu College|University of the Philippines – Cebu]] campus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://upcebu.edu.ph/|title=University of the Philippines Cebu|website=University of the Philippines Cebu}}</ref>

In Mactan Island, [[Megaworld Corporation]]'s Mactan Newtown is a 25-hectare business park near Shangri-La's Mactan Resort and Spa. The project will be home to high-tech offices, a retail center, residential towers and villages, leisure facilities with a beach resort frontage.<ref>Mactan Oceantown – Mactan, Cebu City, http://www.megaworldcorp.com/Projects/Office.aspx</ref>

Mactan Island is linked to mainland Cebu via [[Mactan-Mandaue Bridge]] and [[Marcelo Fernan Bridge]].

==Media==

Cebu is home to a local television station, [[Cebu Catholic Television Network]] (CCTN).{{efn|1=a religious station partly owned and endorsed by the [[Archdiocese of Cebu]]}}

Despite having their own local stations, Cebuanos prefer to watch the Philippines's several dominant television networks, namely: [[ABS-CBN]], [[People's Television Network]], [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC]], [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]], [[CNN Philippines]] and [[GMA Network]].{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

While national newspapers have a presence on the island, Cebu has English-language local newspapers – ''[[The Freeman (newspaper)|The Freeman]]'' (under the [[The Philippine Star|Star Group]]), ''[[SunStar Cebu]]'' and ''Cebu Daily News'' (under the [[Philippine Daily Inquirer|Inquirer Group]]): and Cebuano-language newspapers – ''SunStar SuperBalita'' owned by SunStar, and ''Banat News'' owned by ''The Freeman''. Each of the local newspapers sell cheaper than their national counterparts.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

==Education==
{{Main|List of colleges and universities in Metro Cebu}}
The Philippine elementary school begins from Grades 1 to 6. The high school program takes six years, from Grades 7 through to 12, taken after graduating from elementary school. Cebu is considered as the main education hub in the [[Visayas]]. It has eleven large universities each with a number of college branches mostly throughout the capital, [[Cebu City]], and more than a dozen other schools and universities specializing in various courses such as Medicine, Engineering, Nautical courses, Nursing, Law, Commerce, Education, Computer and IT and other professions.

The most prominent of these universities are (in alphabetical order):
*[[Cebu Doctors University]]
*[[Cebu Institute of Technology–University]]
*[[Cebu Normal University]]
*[[Cebu Technological University]]
*[[Southwestern University (Philippines)|Southwestern University]]
*[[University of Cebu]]
*[[University of San Carlos]]
*[[University of San Jose–Recoletos]]
*[[University of Southern Philippines Foundation]]
*[[University of the Philippines Cebu]]
*[[University of the Visayas]]
*UV Gullas College of Medicine

Other notable institutions include: [[Asian College of Technology]] in Cebu City and [[Talisay, Cebu|Talisay]], Benedicto College, [[Cebu Eastern College]], [[Cebu Institute of Medicine]], a medical school in affiliation with [[Velez College]], The [[International Academy of Film and Television]], established in [[Mactan]] in 2004 and Cebu's first film school, [[Matias H. Aznar Memorial College of Medicine]],  [[Salazar Colleges of Science and Institute of Technology]], among others.

Cebu is home to one fully accredited international school, [[Cebu International School]], a [[K–12]] school established in 1924.
Cebu is considered to be a hub of medical education, with many international students coming to study medicine in Cebu's medical schools. Some of Cebu's well-known medical schools are in [[Cebu Doctors University]] and [[Cebu Institute of Medicine]].

==Tourism==
===Attractions===

{{see also|Cebu City#Tourism}}
[[Cebu City]] is a significant cultural centre in the Philippines. The imprint of Spanish and Roman Catholic culture is evident. There are also many historically important sights all over the province.

<gallery widths="150" heights="120">
Magellan's Cross full.jpg|[[Magellan's Cross]], Cebu City
Bagacay Point Lighthouse-cr.jpg|Bagacay Point Lighthouse, [[Liloan, Cebu|Liloan]]
Malapascua Island, Sunset on the beach, Philippines.jpg |Bounty Beach, [[Malapascua Island]], [[Daanbantayan, Cebu|Daanbantayan]]
Patrocinio de Maria Church facade (Cebu South Road, Bonjoon, Cebu; 01-18-2023).jpg|[[Boljoon Church]], Boljoon
Carcar City Museum.jpg|Carcar Museum (formerly Carcar Dispensary), [[Carcar]]
</gallery>

===Cuisine===

Cebu also has a great number of delicacies from every town. Much of the delicacies are either Precolonial or influenced by Spanish or Chinese cuisines.

<gallery widths="150" heights="120">
File:Lechon.jpg|Cebu Lechon is one of the two types of lechon in the Philippines. It is served primarily around the [[Metro Cebu]] Area, particularly [[Talisay, Cebu|Talisay City]], but is served throughout the island and other parts of the [[Visayas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=sparksph |date=2021-10-02 |title=Cebu Lechon: The best in the country |url=https://suroy.ph/cebu-lechon/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Suroy.ph |language=en-US}}</ref>
File:Lechon liempo (pork belly lechon) Philippines.jpg|Liempo is a variation of lechon that contains only the pork belly rather than a whole pig. In Cebu, it is served primarily in Balamban.
File:Rosquillos.jpg|[[Rosquillos]] are Philippine cookies that originate from Liloan.
File:Titay's Rosquillos Corazon.jpg|The Corazon Rosquillos, a special variety of Rosquillos from ''Titay's'' that has a heart-shaped hole instead of a circular one.
File:9668Photos taken during 2020 coronavirus pandemic Baliuag, Bulacan 48.jpg|[[Chicharon]] is a common Filipino Food that is made up of crispy fried pork rinds. In Cebu, it is commonly found in Carcar.
File:Ampao from Carcar, Cebu.jpg|[[Ampaw]] is a Cebuano snack made from fried white rice coated in syrup, usually with Peanuts inside. It originates from Carcar.
File:Puso- Rice from Cebu City.JPG|[[Pusô]] is rice boiled in a woven pouch made from palm leaves. It is common all throughout the Visayas.
File:Humba (Philippines).jpg|[[Humbà]] is a braised pork dish from the Visayas. In Cebu, it is primarily served in [[Ronda, Cebu|Ronda]].
File:Otap.jpg|[[Otap (food)|Otap]] is an oval-shaped puff pastry cookie that originates from Cebu.
File:Masareal (Philippines).jpg|[[Masareal]] is a Cebuano delicacy that is made from a mixture of finely-ground boiled peanuts, coconut syrup ([[latík]]), and water. It originates from [[Mandaue]].
File:Binaki (sweet tamales) in the Philippines.jpg|[[Binaki|Pintos]], also known as ''Binaki'', is a Philippine steamed corn sweet [[tamales]] that is served in both [[Bukidnon]] and Cebu, particularly in Bogo.
Toddy Bottle and Glass.jpg|[[Tubâ]], is a type of Philippine [[Palm wine|Coconut wine]] or "toddy" found in the Visayas. In Cebu, it is found in both [[Borbon, Cebu|Borbon]] and [[Argao]].
</gallery>

===Significant dates===

[[File:Ang Simbahan ng Bantayan on Holy Week.jpg|thumb|One of the [[Passus]] of the [[Good Friday]] procession of the [[Semana Santa]] of [[Bantayan, Cebu|Bantayan]] showing [[St. Longinus]] piercing the side of the [[Body of Christ]]. Bantayan's Holy Week processions and practices are said to be the grandest in the Visayas. Bantayan is also the only town in the Philippines where [[fasting]] is not strictly observed during Holy Week.]]

;Cebu Provincial Charter Day

;Semana Santa sa Bantayan

;Gabii sa Kabilin

===Festivals===
;Sinulog
{{Main|Sinulog}}
[[File:Sinulog Festival - Fluvial Procession (3298505319).jpg|thumb|Sinulog's annual maritime procession.]] 
[[File:Sinulog 2014 10.JPG|thumb|A typical Sinulog Festival Queen with the image of the Child Jesus, locally known as ''Santo Niño'', dancing with her contingent from [[Plaridel, Misamis Occidental]] during the festival in Cebu.]]
[[File:Viva for Niño.jpg|thumb|A Sinulog Festival Queen with the Child Jesus, together with her contingent from [[Toledo City, Cebu|Toledo City.]]]]

The Sinulog Festival is the largest fiesta (festival) in the Philippines. Held every third Sunday of January, it commemorates the [[Santo Niño de Cebú|Child Jesus]] (''Santo Niño''), the Lord and Protector of Cebu. The Sinulog is a dance ritual of pre-Hispanic indigenous origin. The dancer moves two steps forward and one step backward to the rhythmic sound of drums. This movement resembles the current (''sulog'') of what was then known as Cebu's Pahina River. Thus the name Sinulog.

The Sinulog Festival celebration lasts for nine days, culminating on the final day with the Sinulog Grand Parade. The day before the parade, the Fluvial Procession is held at dawn with a statue of the Santo Niño carried on a pump boat from Mandaue City to Cebu City, decked with hundreds of flowers and candles. The procession ends at the Basilica where a re-enactment of the Christianization of the Philippines on the island of Cebu is performed. In the afternoon, a more solemn procession takes place along the major streets of the city, which last for hours due to large crowds participating in the event.

When the Spaniards arrived in Cebu, the Italian chronicler, [[Antonio Pigafetta]], sailing under convoy with the Magellan expedition, offered the wooden figure of the Santo Niño as a baptismal gift to Hara Amihan, wife of Rajah Humabon who was named Juana after her baptism together with the Rajah, who was also renamed, Carlos. Juana, together with the natives, according to tradition, danced and worshipped the Santo Niño de Cebu in their indigenous Sinulog dance ritual.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} According to legend, the Rajah's adviser, Baladhay, had fallen ill and was bedridden. The Rajah ordered his men to place Baladhay before the image of Santo Niño hoping that the Holy Child would heal him. The next day, the whole [[Cebu (historical state)|Kingdom of Sugbo]] was awoken to an angry Baladhay who was threatening the Child with a grass knife, appearing to have also fully recovered from his illness. When the Rajah asked him why he was threatening the Child, he told the Rajah that the Child Jesus had mischievously woken him up with a coconut midrib. Irritated by the Child, he grabbed his knife and threatened the Child by swaying the grass knife at the Child, but the Child simply evaded the knife by dancing. Because the Child was so swift at evading the knife, he had no choice but to dance with the Child as well to keep up his pace. He also explained that the Child's dance resembled the river current. Baladhay is believed to be the first person to dance the Sinulog. The Sinulog ritual was preserved after the Spaniards colonized the Philippines, with the focus still on the worship to the Santo Niño. Once the Santo Niño church was built in the 16th century, the Catholic [[Malay race|Malay people]] started performing the Sinulog ritual in front of the church, the devotees offering candles and indigenous dancers shouting ''"Viva Pit Señor!"'', which means to "Trust in the Lord"{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}.

In the province, the festival is shared by both Cebu City and [[Carmen, Cebu|Carmen]]. The festival is said to have originated in Carmen and was once a localized version of the [[Ati-atihan]] Festival introduced by Jose Motos, the then rector of the Parish of [[St. Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine]], the town parish of Carmen, but was then changed to "Sinulog sa Carmen" after Sinulog became an established Cebuano festival. The Sinulog dance was first introduced to Cebu City by a woman named Estelita Diola, who would otherwise be referred to as "Titang Diola". Her family was skilled with the original form of the dance of Sinulog and the tradition was eventually passed on to her by her father.  Because of her great contribution and propagation of the Sinulog dance of Cebu, she was referred to as the "Heritage Keeper". The original Sinulog dance and her legacy of devotion to the Child Jesus through dancing continues today even after her death and is still continued through her former students who now teach the youth of Cebu the original dance moves of Sinulog. Sinulog had since very much diversified from the original dance of Titang Diola. Today we can see the Sinulog danced every day at the [[Basilica Minore del Santo Niño]] performed by the candle vendors. The version they perform is called "Sinug" and is only for worship and prayer to bless the candles for prayers to the Holy Child. The Sinulog Festival dance performed by contingents in the City Sports Center is still religious and devotional since dancers often include personal supplications, petitions, thanksgivings, intercessions, or any other prayers in their dance for the Child Jesus and their dance performances in street dance and ritual showdown are still centered on the Holy Child. There are mainly two types of Sinulog dances performed in the festival, namely the "Sinulog-Based Category" and the "Free Interpretation Category". The Sinulog-Based Category refers to the Sinulog dance based on the Church Sinulog performed by candle vendors while the Free Interpretation Category refers to the Sinulog dance interpreted in any way, outside Church Sinulog, for as long as it is acceptable in the festival. In recent years, the festival gained commercialization which made the festival and Cebu popular, but unfortunately lessened the religious nature of the festival. Despite the extreme commercialization of the festival, Sinulog still remains to be a religious festival for the faithful. Sinulog still remains to be a dance of prayer. The festival is officially governed by the Sinulog Foundation Incorporated (SFI). The foundation maintains that, although Sinulog has largely become mainstream, it remains a religious festival because at the heart of the Sinulog is the Santo Niño. The foundation has made this point clear in many instances, such as the correction of the wrongful term "Sinulog Grand [[Mardi Gras]]" to "Sinulog Grand Parade" as the focus was not on the fanfare but the worship to the Child Jesus.

In the 1980s and 2000s, the city authorities of Cebu added the religious feast of Santo Niño de Cebu during the Sinulog Festival to its cultural event. Despite being a religious festival and a Christian festival, Sinulog has come to be a celebration for all Cebuanos and Filipinos regardless of their faith and practices. Aside from its religious nature, Sinulog has also become renowned for its street parties. In 2012, Cebu introduced Life Dance, the biggest outdoor dance party in the Philippines. The Sinulog street parties are considered a major attraction for youth individuals but, in most cases for most people, particularly the faithful, a growing problem that threatens the religiosity and solemnity of the festival. In 2016, the festival had the worst recorded case of a stampede wherein large groups of people, both worshippers and drunken party-goers, were congested in the uptown area, with no passable exit routes and virtually no crowd control up until midnight and with one recorded case of a teenage woman losing consciousness because of cramped spaces. Due to this incident, the then Cebu City Mayor [[Tomas Osmeña]] enforced a strict liquor ban in the following festivals during his term to ensure the safety of the worshippers and spectators and to maintain the solemnity of the celebration.

The festival was halted for two years (2021 - 2022). In 2021, the main reason for halting the festival was because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The Vice Mayor of Cebu at the time, [[Michael Rama]], who was the-then chairperson of the SFI, insisted on having a Sinulog Festival that year, despite health concerns from health experts and the police from Cebu City. This came shortly after Cebu City's then Mayor, the late [[Edgardo Labella]], dissolving the Sinulog Governing Body (SGB), which Rama protested against through his resignation from the foundation, and reinstating him as chairperson of the SFI. Rama cited that the venue of that year's supposed festival was at the parking lot of [[SM Seaside City Cebu]] and would be in a "bubble environment" without a live audience. He even went as far as to limit the number of dancers and the propsmen. He continued to insist on holding the festival, largely against the behest of the Cebuanos. Various health workers and police officials stated that even though the dancers were isolated, the fact that there were multiple individuals gathering in a closed environment, and in close contact with each other, was already a "direct violation of the health protocols". This also included the gathering of dancers during their practices. As a result, several dancers from various contingents in Cebu City tested positive for [[COVID-19]] and most of the infected individuals showed the common symptoms. This led to Rama officially retracting his movement for Sinulog 2021. However, the other minor related competitions of the Sinulog, such as the ''Search for the Sinulog Festival Queen'' were still pushed through. The festival was slated for a comeback in 2022, but was again cancelled due to the aftermath of [[Typhoon Rai|Super Typhoon Odette]], which ravaged Cebu and nearby islands. Sinulog eventually was celebrated again in 2023, but was met with controversy. Rama, who is currently the mayor of Cebu City, decided to move the festival from its usual venue at the [[Cebu City Sports Complex]] to Citi di Mare at the [[South Road Properties]]. This was met with flak by the Cebuanos as, not only was the Sports Complex the established venue of the festival, but also because the festival was to be moved to a major road that is an important passageway for travellers going from the North to the South and back. Initially, the provincial governor, [[Gwendolyn Garcia]], was not against the move to change the venue of the Sinulog, but immediately changed her mind after she had seen pictures from a newspaper photographer of provincial Sinulog contingents having blockings for their dances in the new venue for the Sinulog which was deeply covered in mud and was completely unfinished. Feeling pity for the dancers, she made the decision to remove the provincial contingents from the grand parade, unless Rama would return the festival to the old venue. Unfortunately, Rama continued insisting on having the Sinulog in SRP and the festival was indeed pushed through in the new venue without the provincial contingents. Not only was the quality of the festival much more lack-luster than it usually was, but there was also heavy traffic during and immediately after the festival as the North and Southbound travellers had to go through the much tighter roads of the city. The provincial contingents, however, did perform in the Sinulog Festival in Carmen that year, which was also the 50th anniversary of the festival in their town.

;Kadaugan sa Mactan

Literally translates to the "Victory in Mactan", this is a historical festival reenactment of the [[Battle of Mactan]]. Celebrated canonically on April 27, it depicts the events before, during, and immediately after the defeat of Portuguese Navigator [[Ferdinand Magellan]] at the hands of Lapu-lapu and his men. Much of the historical activities take place in Mactan Shrine, the site of the Battle of Mactan. Usually, in the Kadaugan sa Mactan, Filipino celebrities, especially celebrities of Cebuano origin, are chosen to portray the key characters of the events of the Battle of Mactan (specifically Lapu-lapu, his wife ''Reyna Bulakna'', and Magellan). This is typically a week-long celebration and culminates with the ''Rampada Festival'', a stylized contemporary reenactment of the victory celebration after the battle in Mactan, incorporating Latin and ballroom dances and steps. Despite the Sinulog Festival being more popular by comparison, the Kadaugan had already been established as a festival of Cebu and its culture and history long before Sinulog was an established festival.

;Pasigarbo sa Sugbo

Literally translates to the "Celebration in Cebu", this Festival is a relatively new festival in Cebu, conceptualized in 2008. This festival was the "Brainchild" of Cebu's first female governor, Gwendolyn Garcia. This festival was a program and a major tourism endeavor initiated by the governor in order to promote Cebu as an entire province and to celebrate Cebu in its culture, faith, history, and continuous advancement. In this festival, each individual town in Cebu is encouraged to showcase a theme, a product, a festival, or something unique from their place. Despite, in itself, not being a religious festival, praise, thanksgiving, and worship to God, as well as devotion to the patron saints of each town of Cebu is also given emphasis in the festival (as hinted in the category for portable processional platforms for patron saints or ''Best in Andas'' category). Unlike the Sinulog Festival, which is limited to two major categories (Sinulog-based and Free Interpretation), Participants of Pasigarbo are given more freedom in the interpretation of the culture, faith, history, and products of their hometowns. Ever since its conception, the festival had been celebrated yearly at the [[Cebu International Convention Center]] (CICC) in Mandaue, around the date of the Provincial Charter Day of Cebu, which is celebrated every August 6, however, was ceased after 2012. This was largely due to the [[2013 Bohol earthquake]], which also heavily affected Cebu, as well as the lack of support from the provincial government for both the repair of the CICC and the festival itself. This was mainly because Garcia was no longer in position as governor at the time. Fortunately, the festival was recently relaunched in 2019, less than a month after Garcia's return to the provincial seat. Unlike previous celebrations, the 2019 Pasigarbo, due to the abandoned state of the CICC, was celebrated, much like the Sinulog Festival, in the Cebu City Sports Complex. As per its return, it has established itself once more as a provincial festival and a new addition to Cebu's prime festivals and significant dates, together with the Sinulog Festival and the Kadaugan sa Mactan. The festival was also halted in 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic but returned the following year in 2022. In 2022, the festival was the grandest it had ever been and was even participated by the festivals of all three independent city states (Sinulog Festival of Cebu City, Panagtagbo Festival of Mandaue City, and the Garbo Festival of Lapu-lapu City), with cities Cebu and Lapu-lapu being guest performers. The festival was again moved to the Carcar City Sports Complex this year. This was due to the ongoing renovation of the Cebu City Sports Complex, its usual venue. The move to Carcar City, was initially a very openly accepted one, however, the festival was marred by various technical difficulties on the day of the Pasigarbo sa Sugbo. Among the major problems during the festival proper was the sound glitches in certain festival jingles and in the Mayor's introductory videos, which was a new feature in this particular festival celebration. The sound glitches mostly comprised of sudden stops of the music of each festival performance, either as just a random audio cut or a complete loss of music. Governor Garcia publicly accused the sounds and lights provider for allegedly "sabotaging" the festival in most of the occurrences of a sound glitch. This accusation of a sabotage from the sounds and lights company head was largely due to the alleged nondisclosure that his daughter was a contestant for festival queen. Though his daughter was chosen to be festival queen by the Carcar City Government for being the reigning Kabkaban Festival Queen at that time, the governor still insisted that this was a sabotage on his part under the reason that he had not fully disclosed his daughter's participation in the festival.

;Red Lantern Festival
Another festival in Cebu City which annual celebration of [[Chinese New Year]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-20 |title=Cebu City to celebrate Chinese new year with a Red Lantern Festival at Plaza Sugbo |url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/485439/cebu-city-to-celebrate-chinese-new-year-with-a-red-lantern-festival-at-plaza-sugbo |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref>



===Other Festivals===
{{Split section|Festivals of Cebu|date=April 2023}}
;Panagtagbo sa Mandaue

This is a religious festival from Mandaue City that is in honor of the [[Holy Family]] and is greatly inspired from and is associated directly with the religious activities of the Sinulog Festival. The name of the festival is the Cebuano term for "gathering". This is because the festival celebrates the ''Translacion'' (Transfer of Relic) of the Santo Niño de Cebu and [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]] to the [[Mandaue Church|National Shrine]] of [[St. Joseph]], the patron saint of Mandaue. It replaced the [[Mantawi Festival]] as the festival of Mandaue. The Festival is celebrated on the Thursday before the Sinulog Festival or the day before the Translacion which marks the start of the [[Triduum]] of the "Fiesta Señor" activities.

;Sugat Kabanhawan

[[File:Kabanhawan sa minglanilla Cebu Philippines.jpg|thumb|Sugat Kabanhawan Festival dancers performing their street dance on Easter Sunday, 2019.]]

This is the [[Easter]] Festival of [[Minglanilla, Cebu|Minglanilla]]. It is held in honor of [[Jesus Christ]] as the "Risen Lord". It celebrates the mystery of the [[Resurrection of Jesus]] and the traditional belief of the faithful in Christ's apparition to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] in a private revelation in order to reveal to her that He had risen from the dead and is truly God. The festival's name is taken from the term ''Sugat'' (Cebuano) or ''Salubong'' (Filipino) which is a traditional practice during Easter Vigils wherein an image of Christ is shown before an image of the Virgin Mary that is covered in a black veil to show her mourning and sadness, which is then lifted by angels, exposing the Virgin Mary with unspeakable joy at the Resurrection of Jesus. The second part of the name is the Cebuano word for "resurrection", which is timely for the religious celebration. The festival is centered on the life of Jesus, as well as Christian Morals and Values, with both themes being heavily incorporated in the performances of the dancers in the festival. This festival has gained Minglanilla the title as the "Easter Capital of Cebu".

;Kabkaban

The Kabkaban Festival is the local religious festival of the City of Carcar in honor of [[St. Catherine of Alexandria]]. The festival's name was the old name of Carcar, which was taken from ''Kabkab'' ("Kabkaban" for plural), the local term for the Oakleaf Fern ([[Aglaomorpha quercifolia]]). The festival celebrates Carcar, as well as the Carcaranon way of life and the town's culture, faith, and musical history. Much of the dance steps used in the Kabkaban dance were taken and inspired directly from the dance moves used in the Sinulog Festival and other Sinulog dance offerings by the Sandiego Family with their company, the "Sandiego Dance Company", headed by Val Sandiego, a native of Carcar who is also considered as the "Father of Kabkaban". The inspiration from the dance company is also evident in the costumes used by the dancers of the Kabkaban Festival, as well as dancers representing Carcar in the Sinulog Festival or other festivals like the Pasigarbo sa Sugbo Festival of Festivals. The Kabkaban festival is celebrated from the 23rd until November 25, in line with the feast day of the town's patron saint.

;La Torta
The La Torta Festival is [[Argao]]'s food festival. It is in honor of [[St. Michael the Archangel]]. It replaced Argao's former festival, the "Pitlagong Festival" in 2011. It celebrates the ''Torta'', a Cebuano tart-like cake that is reminiscent of the Spanish cake, but distinct in its recipe as it uses ''Tubâ'' or [[palm wine|coconut wine]] as a rising agent instead of [[yeast]]. Because Argao is one of Cebu's Spanish Towns (the other being Liloan), dancers in the La Torta Festival wear Spanish inspired costumes that usually have a red motif to them and dance Spanish dance steps or Spanish-inspired dance steps. It is celebrated on September 28 to 29 to coincide with the feast of the [[archangels]].

;Dagitab

The Dagitab Festival is [[Naga,Cebu|Naga]]'s [[Christmas]] Festival. It is in honor of [[St. Francis of Assisi]]. The name of the festival means "electric light" which is what Naga is known for, particularly during the Holidays. During December, Naga's streets, parks, and buildings are lit with all sorts of bright lights of different colors to mark the Holiday Season. But these bright lights come at a cost, power outages. To resolve this problem, Gov. Gwen Garcia, together with the province of Cebu, set up another electric company to supply electricity in the town. The onset of electric advancements and greater connection initiated the start of the industrialization of Naga. The industrial movement is also one of the focuses of the festival. Dancers in the Dagitab Festival wear and incorporate LED lights/lamps in their lively performances to bring the Holiday Spirit to everyone and to celebrate the advancement of the city. This festival has gained Naga the titles of being the "Christmas Capital of Cebu" and the "Industrial Hub of the South". Despite being in honor of St. Francis, whose feast day is on October 4, the festival is celebrated on December 23 which is two days before Christmas Day.

;Halad Inasal

[[File:Halad sa Talisay.jpg|thumb|Halad Inasal Festival dancers performing their street dance.]]

The Halad Inasal Festival is Talisay's food festival. It is in honor of [[St. Teresa of Avila]]. The name of the festival is taken from the Cebuano words ''Halad'', which means offering, and ''Inasal'', which refers to the local term for Lechon or Philippine Roasted Pig. Cebu is well known for producing Lechon Inasal and has two towns that are dedicated "Lechon Towns" with one being Talisay (the other being Carcar). The festival was formerly called simply the "Inasal Festival", but was renamed as "Halad Inasal Festival" to highlight the religiosity of the festival. In the Halad Inasal Festival, dancers and participants parade freshly roasted and crunchy Inasal in the streets of Talisay while they perform their dance offerings and bring them even while they perform their ritual showdown. It is celebrated around, but never directly on October 15, the feast of St. Teresa, so as not to interfere with the religious activities of the town feast.

;Bonga

The Bonga Festival is the Harvest Festival of [[Sibonga]]. It is in honor of the town's two patron saints, [[St. Philomena]] and [[Our Lady of the Pillar]]. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for "fruit". It is a festival of thanksgiving for the bountiful fruit harvest during the harvest season of the town. It is celebrated on October 12, in line with the feast of the original patroness of the town, the Blessed Virgin. The festival has given the town its very own title as the "Fruit Basket of Cebu".

;Rosquillos (Festival)

[[File:Spanish-inspired festival costumes (Pasigarbo sa Sugbo 2019).jpg|thumb|Rosquillos Festival dancers as they perform their street dance in Pasigarbo sa Sugbo 2019.]]

The Rosquillos festival is the food festival of Liloan. It is in honor of [[St. Ferdinand|St. Ferdinand of Castille]]. It celebrates the Rosquillos, a Philippine ring type cookie that originated from Liloan. The cookie was conceptualized and conceived by a woman named Titay Frasco, who was the founder of ''Titay's'', the largest chain company of Rosquillos in the Philippines. It is celebrated on May 30.

;Kagasangan

This is the sea festival of [[Moalboal]]. It is in honor of [[St. John of Nepomuk]]. The name of the festival is taken from the Cebuano term for "coral reefs". It is a nature-tourism project initiated by the local government made to preserve the reefs of the town, which are viable sources of livelihood and eco-tourism. This is one of the known sea festivals in the province of Cebu. It is celebrated on May 16.

;Utanon

[[File:Native Filipina Dancing.jpg|thumb|Utanon Festival dancers in Pasigarbo sa Sugbo 2019.]]

The Utanon Festival of [[Dalaguete]], is the town's harvest festival. It is in honor of [[William of Maleval|St. William the Hermit]]. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for "vegetables". It is a festival about showing thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest of vegetables in the town, all year round. It is celebrated on February 10. The festival has helped acknowledge the town as a producer of grain and vegetable crops, giving the town the title as the "Salad Bowl of Cebu".

;Siloy

The Siloy Festival is Alcoy's nature festival and eco-tourism project. It is in honor of [[St. Rose of Lima]]. The festival takes its name from the local term of the Black Shama Bird ([[Black Shama|Copsychus Cebuensis]]), a local species of song bird only found in Cebu, with its last stronghold in Alcoy's rainforest and woody areas. The festival is a project meant to promote awareness of the Black Shama and its endangered nature and to help preserve Cebu's endemic [[Magpie-robin|Shama]] species of birds, as well to help save [[Mother Nature|Mother Earth]]. It is celebrated on August 23 every year.

;Palawod

[[File:Festival Queen of Palawod Festival.jpg|thumb|The Palawod Festival Queen representing Bantayan together with her contingent in Pasigarbo sa Sugbo 2019.]]

The Palawod Festival is the sea festival of Bantayan. It is in honor of Sts. [[St.Peter|Peter]] and [[St. Paul|Paul]], who are both the town's patron saints. The festival's name means "to voyage into deep waters". This is a festival of thanksgiving for the bountiful catch and for the abundance of the sea and its bounty. It is celebrated on the 29th of the month of June to be connected with the [[Solemnity]] of Sts. Peter and Paul.

;Tostado

The Tostado festival is the food festival of [[Santander, Cebu|Santander]]. It is in honor of [[Gabriel|St. Gabriel the Archangel]]. It celebrates the ''Tostado'', a Cebuano shortbread cookie that is shaped like a flower. The local economy had been heavily boosted thanks to the Tostado cookie, which had provided job opportunities for many people. This festival also celebrates the resources of the town. It is celebrated on the 3rd Sunday of April.

;Isda

This is the sea festival and town fiesta of [[Madridejos, Cebu|Madridejos]]. It is in honor of the [[Immaculate Conception]]. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for "fish". It celebrates the bountiful catch and the abundance of fish species and other marine life in the area. It is celebrated on December 8, which is also the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

;Banig

This is the weaving festival of [[Badian, Cebu|Badian]]. It is in honor of [[St. James the Great]]. It celebrates the ''[[Banig]]'', a hand-woven Philippine mat made from [[Pandanus]] leaves that is commonly sold, in the province, in Badian. It is celebrated on the 25th of the month of April.

;Hinulawan

This is the town fiesta of Toledo. It is in honor of [[John of Sahagun|St. John of Sahagun]]. The name of this festival is an amalgamation of two Cebuano words, ''Hinaguan'', which means "fruits of labor", and ''Bulawan'', which means "bright" or "golden". This was, historically, the old name of the town. Currently, it is the name of a river that is found in the town. Hinulawan Festival celebrates the rich culture and history of the town, as well as the golden hearts and the shining and welcoming personality of the Toledohanons. It falls on June 12, which coincides with the [[Philippine Independence Day]] celebration.

;Toslob

Originally called the "Sadsad Festival", this is the local festival of [[Oslob]]. Like the Isda Festival, It is in honor of the Immaculate Conception. The name of the festival is the Cebuano term for the act of "dipping". The name of the festival is a reference to the etymology of the name of the town wherein two Spanish soldiers mistakenly identified the town after asking a couple who, due to misinterpretation, thought they were referring to what they were doing. The couple did not understand that the soldiers were asking for the name of the town and simply thought they were referring to the boiled bananas they were dipping in salted vinegar so all they could utter was "Toslob". The soldiers seemingly also misheard them and thought they said "Oslob". Ever since then, the town was referred to by that name which the Spanish Soldiers heard. The Toslob festival is a celebration of thanksgiving for the graces received as a town community. It is celebrated on December 8, which is also the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

;Pamuhuan/Pinamuohan

This is the harvest festival of [[Pinamungajan]]. It is in honor of [[St. Monica]]. The name of the festival came from the Cebuano word, ''Pinamuhuan'', which means "a worker's share of the harvest". It is a celebration of thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest in the town. It is celebrated on August 27.

;Lalin

This is the town fiesta of [[Asturias, Cebu|Asturias]]. It is in honor of [[St. Roch]]. The name of the festival comes from the Cebuano word which refers to the combination of cultures of different people. The festival's name was taken from the old name of the town, which was ''Naghalin''. The town was called "Naghalin" because it was a place where migrants settled and formed a neighborhood. The neighborhood soon flourished into a community and a town of Cebu. This festival is a celebration of thanksgiving for the graces received by the town and the community. It is celebrated on August 16.

;Panagsogod

This is the town fiesta of [[Sogod, Cebu|Sogod]]. It is in honor of St. James the Great. The name of the festival is taken from the Cebuano word for "Beginning" and is a reference to the town being the "place of origin of the North and the South" or "where the North and the South meet". This is because the shoreline of Sogod is composed of half white sand from the North of Cebu and half black sand from the South. It is a celebration of happy endings and new beginnings every year. It is celebrated on the 25th of the month of April.

;Sarok (Festival)

The Sarok Festival is the town fiesta of [[Consolacion, Cebu|Consolacion]]. It is in honor of [[Narcissus of Jerusalem|St. Narcissus]]. It celebrates the ''Sarok'', a Cebuano variant of the ''[[Salakot]]'' that is made of woven Stalks from the Nito plant (Lygodium Circinnatum) and/or dried leaves or [[Bamboo]], creating a patterned net-like structure, with a signature six-petal flower design made from lighter leaves or thin Bamboo wood plates secured at the very top of the hat. It is celebrated every February 14 (coinciding with [[Valentines Day]]), in commemoration of Consolacion's Founding Anniversary.

;Tagbo

This festival is the town fiesta of [[Poro, Cebu|Poro]]. The festival is patterned after Sinulog and is also in honor of the Santo Niño. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for the act of "meeting", or "to meet". This is taken from the history of the town of Poro, wherein two warring tribes met together on one spot to make a community, eventually forming the town of Poro. It is celebrated on January 19.

;Tubod

This is the town fiesta of [[Tuburan, Cebu|Tuburan]]. It is in honor of [[St. Anthony of Padua]]. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for "Spring". It celebrates the 7 springs of Tuburan, which are said to be the tears of fairies who continue to cry today, yearning and waiting for their lovers to return. The springs have become the main tourist attractions of Tuburan and have placed the town on the map. It is celebrated on June 13

;Katubhan

This is the harvest festival [[Medellin, Cebu|Medellin]]. It was formerly Medellin's Sinulog Festival, but was changed to its own festival to make it distinct from Sinulog and to focus on the main products of the town, [[Sugarcane]] and [[Sugar]]. However, it is still in honor of Santo Niño. The name of the festival is taken from the Cebuano term for "sugarcane plantation". It is a festival meant to be a thanksgiving to the Child Jesus for the bountiful harvest of sugarcane all year round. The sugarcane has become so abundant in the town that Medellin has received the title as "The Sugar Bowl of Cebu". It is celebrated every April 27.

;Panuhog

This is the sea festival of [[Santa Fe, Cebu|Santa Fe]]. It replaced the "Puting Baybay" Festival as the official town fiesta. It was also formerly the Sinulog festival of the town, but was changed to its own distinct festival. Like Sinulog, it is in honor of Santo Niño. The name of the festival is taken from the Cebuano word for "stringing things together". This refers to the act of stringing shells found on the shorelines to form various crafts and ornaments, from chandeliers, to wind chimes, bracelets, keychains, tourism giftshop items, etc. It celebrates the shell craft industry, which is one of the main industries of the town (the others being fishing and beach resort management). It is meant to be a thanksgiving to the Child Jesus for blessing the town with beautiful beaches and bountiful marine life. It is celebrated every October 2.

;Lingaw-sadya

This is the town fiesta of Balamban. It is in honor of St. Francis of Assisi. The name of the festival is derived from 2 Cebuano words, namely ''lingaw'', which means "enjoyment", and ''sadya'', which means "happiness". It is a celebration that celebrates Balamban as a center for mountain climbing and merry-making. It is meant to be a celebration of happy moments and all the good times each year. It is celebrated on the October 3 to 4, around the feast of the town's patron saint.

;Garbo

This is the town fiesta of [[Lapu-lapu City|Lapu-lapu]]. It is in honor of Our Lady of the Rule, the Virgin Mary depicted as a [[Black Madonna]]. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for "pride". It is a celebration of all things proudly Oponganon and a thanksgiving to the Blessed Virgin for her intercession and for all graces received every year. It is celebrated around the feast day of the Virgin Mary which is every November 21.

;Karansa

[[File:Karansa sa Danao.jpg|thumb|A Karansa Festival queen together with dancers from her contingent holding pots, in their street dancing performance.]]

This is the pottery festival of [[Danao, Cebu|Danao]]. It is in honor of [[St. Thomas of Villanova]]. The name of the festival is a Cebuano term that refers to an "expression of joy and happiness among potters after a hard day's work". The festival is primarily a happy and playful dancing and prancing activity in coordination with the rhythm of music, beating of the drums and occasional loud shouts. The dance has four basic steps, namely, swaying (kiay), shaking (karag and kurug) and juddering (karahay). It is celebrated annually every 3rd Sunday of September.

;Soli-soli

This is the weaving festival of [[San Francisco, Cebu|San Francisco]]. It is in honor of St. Joseph. The festival's name refers to the local name for the Common Bulrush ([[Typha latifolia]]), a plant that is common in the town around Lake Danao and all throughout Pacijan Island. The Festival showcases the livelihood of the San Franciscohanons, which is weaving the Soli-soli grass into mats, decorations, handbags, pouches, and other handicrafts. There are three basic dance steps of the festival dance, namely, hands and arms sideward swaying, harvesting and cutting movement, and finally a weaving motion, which are all a mimesis of the process of weaving Soli-soli. It is celebrated every third Sunday of March, in line with the solemnity of [[Saint Joseph's Day|St. Joseph, husband of Mary]].

;Kinsan

This is the sea festival of [[Aloguinsan]]. It is in honor of [[Raphael (archangel)|St. Raphael the Archangel]]. It celebrates the Dotted Grouper ([[Epinephelus epistictus]]), known locally as ''Kinsan'', which is an abundant fish in the town and an important source of livelihood for the town's fishermen. The festival is celebrated through lively dancing in the street and in the grandstand, as well as cooking contests for the best Kinsan dish in town. It is celebrated every 2nd Sunday of June.

;Binuyocan/Buyoc

This is the town fiesta of [[Malabuyoc]]. It is in honor of [[St. Nicholas of Tolentino]]. The name of the festival is derived from the Cebuano ''buyoc'', which means to "bend down" or "bend over. According to a popular story, long ago, Malabuyoc grew plenty of fruit trees such as [[Mangoes]], [[Langsat|Lanzones]], [[Theobroma cacao|Cacaos]], and many others. The fruit of the tree branches grew so big and plentiful that the trees bent down under their weight. Because of practically all the branches of the fruit trees bending over due to the over-abundance of fruit, the place came to be called "Buyoc", and eventually "Malabuyoc". The municipality of Malabuyoc launched the Binuyocan Festival on September 10, 2004. The festival is a celebration of the bountiful harvest of fruit in the town. It continues to be celebrated every September 10 every year.

;Humba (Festival)

The Humba Festival is the food festival of Ronda.
It is in honor of [[Our Lady of Sorrows]]. It replaced the Panginabuhi Festival as the official festival of the town. The festival celebrates the Humba dish, a Visayan braised pork dish that is the iconic delicacy of the town. During the Humba festival, dancers incorporate the Humba dish, as well as the ingredients of Humba in their dances. There are also Humba cooking contests to promote Humba and to determine the best Humba every year. It is celebrated around the September 14 or 15, in line with the feast of the Virgin Mary.

;Haladaya

This is the historical festival of Daanbantayan. It celebrates Datu Daya, the precolonial chieftain of the kingdom known as "Kandaya", which is now present-day Daanbantayan. The name of the festival is an exaltation to Datu Daya, translating to "all hail Daya". It is meant to be a celebration of the leadership and bravery of Datu Daya. Despite being a historical festival, it is also considered a religious festival in honor of St. Rose of Lima. It is celebrated every August 30, in line with the feast of the town's patron saint.

;Bahandi

This is the town fiesta of 
[[Alcantara, Cebu|Alcantara]]. It is in honor of St. Augustine of Hippo. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for "treasure". It is meant to be a thanksgiving for the treasures of Alcantara, which are its natural resources. It is celebrated on the August 27 to 28 in line with the feast of the patron saint of the town.

;Lapyahan

This is the sea festival of [[San Remigio, Cebu|San Remigio]]. It is in honor of St. John of Nepomuk. The name of the festival is taken from the Cebuano term for "shorelines". It is a thanksgiving for the shoreline of the town, which is the longest in the province of Cebu, as well as the bounty of the sea. It is celebrated on May 16.

;Hinatdan

This is the town fiesta of [[Ginatilan]]. It is in honor of [[St. Gregory the Great]]. The festival's name ''Hinatdan'' is the Cebuano term for "getting things done". It is a celebration of the hardwork, faith, and resiliency of the Ginatilanons. It is celebrated around the 2nd week of March.

;Dinagat

This is the sea festival of [[Cordova, Cebu|Cordova]]. It is in honor of St. Roch. The name of the festival is a Cebuano word "gathering from the sea" and is reference to a method of fishing by means of picking sea life from the shoreline for food. The festival celebrates the rich and bountiful sea life of Cordova. Dancers in the Dinagat festival incorporate sea life in their dances, especially [[moray eels]], locally known as Bakasi, which are considered a delicacy in Cordova. This is also why the Dinagat festival is also referred to as the "Dinagat-Bakasi festival". It is celebrated on August 16.

;Pintos (Festival)

This is the food festival of Bogo. It celebrates the Pintos, a sweet Philippine tamales that is the main delicacy of Bogo. It is in honor of [[St. Vincent Ferrer]]. The festival is a thanksgiving for the Pintos as the town's major source of livelihood and tourism for many people. The Pintos is also incorporated in the dances of the festival. It is celebrated every May 26.

;Tuba (Festival)

This is the town fiesta of Borbon. It is in honor of [[St. Sebastian]]. It celebrates the Tubâ, a Visayan coconut wine (also called coconut toddy) commonly found in the town. The festival is a thanksgiving for Tuba as a source of livelihood, as well as the local toddy industry. It is celebrated every January 20.

;Budbod Kabog

This is the food festival of [[Catmon, Cebu|Catmon]]. It is in honor of St. William the Hermit. The name of the festival is derived from ''[[Budbod]]'', a type of [[puto (food)|rice cake]] or grain cake, made with [[Millet]] (known locally as ''Kabog'') instead of the usual ingredient, [[rice]]. It is a festival about showing thanksgiving for the Budbod industry in the town. It is celebrated on February 10.

;Sinanggiyaw

This is the harvest festival of [[Dumanjug]]. It is in honor of St. Francis of Assisi. The festival's name is an amalgamation of the words ''Sanggi'', which refers to the process of harvesting crops, and ''Sayaw'', which is Filipino for "Dance". The dance of the festival is a mimesis of the process of farming and harvesting. It is a celebration of thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest in the town. It is celebrated on October 4.

;Cassava (Festival)

This is the harvest festival of [[Tudela, Cebu|Tudela]]. It is in honor of the Immaculate Conception. It is a celebration of thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest of [[Cassava]], the main produce of the town. It is celebrated on the first two weeks of June.

;Kawayan

This is the town fiesta of [[Alegria, Cebu|Alegria]]. It is in honor of [[St. Francis Xavier]]. The festival's name is the Cebuano word for "Bamboo". It is a celebration of thanksgiving for the abundance of bamboo in the town and its many uses and applications. It is celebrated annually on December 2–3.

;Pausbaw

This is the harvest festival of [[Tabogon]]. It is in honor of [[Isidore the Laborer|St. Isidore the Farmer]]. It replaced the Sanggi Festival as the official festival of the town. The festival's name ''Pausbaw'' is the Cebuano term for "achieving progress for farmers with the help of [[carabao]]s". The festival is a dedication to the hard work of farmers that plow the field with the help of [[water buffalo]]s. It is a celebration of thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest of the town. It is celebrated on May 20.

;Dagayday

This is the town fiesta of 
[[Samboan]]. It is in honor of St. Michael the Archangel. It replaced the Sak-sak Festival as the official festival of the town. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for "Waterfalls". It is a thanksgiving for the natural resources of the town, which are its waterfalls. It is celebrated on September 28 to 29 to coincide with the feast of the archangels.

;Ani-anihan

This is the harvest festival of [[Tabuelan]]. It is in honor of [[St. John the Baptist]]. The festival's name is a Cebuano term that is a reference to the act of "harvesting". It is a celebration of thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest of the town. It is celebrated on June 24.

;Pamugsay

This is the sea festival of [[Pilar, Cebu|Pilar]]. It is in honor of St. Francis Xavier. The name of the festival is a Cebuano term for "the act of paddling". The festival celebrates the rich and bountiful sea life of Pilar. It is celebrated annually on December 2.

;Queseo

This is the food festival of [[Compostela, Cebu|Compostela]]. It is in honor of St. James the Great. The name of the festival is the Cebuano word for "[[Kesong puti|Carabao White Cheese]]". There are seven main dance steps in the festival dance. These dance steps are all a mimesis of the process of making the Queseo. The dance steps are ''Limpyo'' (cleaning the carabao teat),
''Puga sa Gatas'' (milking the carabao), ''Sa-an'' (screening the milk with a mesh), ''Init kaldero'' (heating of the cauldron), ''Huwad suka'' (pouring vinegar to milk and stirring it in), ''Hulma'' (molding the cheese), and finally, ''Putos'' (wrapping the cheese with banana leaf strips). It is a celebration of the cheese-making livelihood of the town. It is celebrated on July 25.

;Panumod

This is the farm animal festival of [[Barili]]. It is in honor of [[St. Anne]]. It replaced the Kaumahan Festival as the official festival of the town. The festival's name is a Cebuano term for "[[livestock]]". Barili is considered to be the largest producer of livestock in the province. The town's public market, the Mantalongon Public Market is where most of the town's livestock and domestic animals are sold. It is a celebration of thanksgiving for the bountiful livestock of the town. It is celebrated on July 26.

;Sikoy-sikoy

This is the sea festival of [[San Fernando, Cebu|San Fernando]]. It is in honor of St. Isidore the Farmer. The name of the festival is a Cebuano word ''Sikoy'', which is a fishing method using nets done during rough tides. The festival celebrates the rich and bountiful sea life of San Fernando, which are considered blessings of God's love to the town. It is celebrated every November 17–21.

;Bolho

This is the town fiesta of 
Boljoon. It is in honor of Our Lady of the Patronage. The name of the festival is a reference to the origin of the name of the town which is a Cebuano term referring to a large land mass cavity surrounded by mountains. This valley is believed to have been brought about by the sudden collapse of a mountain range. It is a celebration of the way of life of the Boljo-anons. It is celebrated around November 13, in line with the feast of the Virgin Mary.

==International relations and sisterhood agreements==

* Cebu Province hosted two major Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and telecom events, the 12th ASEAN Telecommunications and IT Ministers Meeting (TELMIN) and the 13th ASEAN Telecommunications and IT Senior Officials Meeting (TELSOM) in 2012.
* Cebu Province hosted the international 4th Dance Xchange, a project organized by the National Dance Committee of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts in 2012.
* Cebu Province as member hosted the 11th [[EATOF|East Asia Inter-Regional Tourism Forum]] in 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cebuchamber.org/2011/09/11th-east-asia-tourism-forum-eatof-integrated-academic-tourism-and-business-forum-business-matching/ |title=11th East-Asia Tourism Forum (EATOF) Integrated Academic, Tourism and Business Forum Business Matching &#124; Cebu Chamber of Commerce and Industry |website=Cebuchamber.org |date=September 12, 2011 |access-date=April 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704092736/http://www.cebuchamber.org/2011/09/11th-east-asia-tourism-forum-eatof-integrated-academic-tourism-and-business-forum-business-matching/ |archive-date=July 4, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Cebu Province join as a participating member of Inter–Island Tourism Policy Forum in 2011 (ITOP Forum){{sfn|Manila Bulletin|2011}}
* Cebu Province hosted the 12th [[ASEAN Summit]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.aseansec.org/19223.htm#Article-3 |title=ASEAN Leaders Sign Five Agreements at the 12th ASEAN Summit, Cebu, the Philippines, 13 January 2007 |publisher=ASEAN Secretariat |date=January 13, 2007 |access-date=January 28, 2007 |quote=12th ASEAN Summit, five. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128030214/http://www.aseansec.org/19223.htm |archive-date=January 28, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Div col}}
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Sichuan]], China (2006)
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]], Russia (2008)
* {{flagicon|SVN}} [[Ljubljana]], Slovenia (2008)
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Gangwon Province (South Korea)|Gangwon]], South Korea (2008)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Guam]], United States of America (2008)
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Rishon LeZion]], Israel (2009)
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia (2009)
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Guangdong]], China (2009)
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Guangxi]], China (2010)
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Barcelona]], Spain (2010)
* {{flagicon|Crimea}} Autonomous Republic of [[Crimea]], Ukraine (2010)
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Busan]], South Korea (2011)
* {{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Ninawa]], Iraq (2011)
* {{flagicon|CHI}} [[Valparaíso]], Chile (2011)
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Fujian]], People's Republic of China (2018)
{{Div col end}}

;Existing sisterhood agreements
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Hainan]], China
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hawaii]], United States of America

;Domestic sisterhood agreements
{{Div col}}
* [[Sorsogon City]]
* [[Antique (province)|Antique]]
* [[Aklan]]
* [[Ilocos Norte]]
* [[Iloilo]]
* [[South Cotabato]]
* [[Bukidnon]]
* [[Masbate]]
* [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]
* [[Tagaytay]]
* [[Quezon]]
* [[Parañaque]]
* [[Pangasinan]]
* [[Davao del Sur]]
{{Div col end}}

{{Portal|Philippines}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==

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| first1     = Jovito
| last1      = Abellana
| title      = Aginid, Bayok sa Atong Tawarik
| date       = 1952
| language   = ceb
}}
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| first1     = Enrique
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| language   = es
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}}
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| editor1-first         = Emma Helen
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| editor2-last          = Robertson
| editor2-first         = James Alexander
| editor2-link          = James Alexander Robertson
| others                = Historical introduction and additional notes by [[Edward Gaylord Bourne]]
| title                 = The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803
| url                   = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/afk2830.0001.002
| volume                = 2 of 55 (1521–1569)
| year                  = 1903
| publisher             = [[Arthur H. Clark Company]]
| location              = Cleveland, Ohio
| quote                 = Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century.
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}}
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| series      = Philippine History 
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* {{cite news
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| first1     = Mars W. Mosqueda
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}}
* {{cite news
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* {{cite book
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| last1       = Montebon
| title       = A Tribute to Two Centenarians
| work        = Retracing our Roots, A Journey into Cebu's Pre-colonial and Colonial Past
| location    = Minglanilla, Cebu
| publisher   = ED Villaver Publishing
| date        = 2000
| pages       = 89–90
}}
* {{cite book
| title      = The Koga papers : stories of WW II
| first1     = Manuel F.
| last1      = Segura
| location   = Cebu City
| publisher  = MF Segura Publications
| date       = 1992
}}
* {{cite journal
| journal       = Philippine Journal of Science
| date          = 1907
| volume        = 2A
| issue         = 6
| pages         = {{nowrap|377 ff}}
| first1        = Warren Du Pré
| last1         = Smith
| title         = The geology of the Compostela-Danao coal field
| editor1-first = Paul C.
| editor1-last  = Freer
| editor2-first = Richard D.
| editor2-last  = Strong
| editor3-first = E. D.
| editor3-last  = Merrill
| url           = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/act3868.0002.00a/478
}}
* {{cite news
| title       = Seechewal inaugurates Punjabi school in Philippines 
| date        = December 3, 2014 | last1 = Tribune of India 
| location    = Jalandhar 
| url         = http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/seechewal-inaugurates-punjabi-school-in-philippines/13649.html 
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20141208044233/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/seechewal-inaugurates-punjabi-school-in-philippines/13649.html 
| archive-date = December 8, 2014 | url-status = dead 
}}
* {{cite web
| title       = Islands of Philippines: Cebu
| first1      = Arthur Lyon Dahl
| last1       = UNEP
| url         = http://islands.unep.ch/IHE.htm#890
| date        = 1998
| work        = Island Directory
| publisher   = United Nations Environment Programme
| access-date  = February 11, 2016
}}
* {{cite journal
| journal    = Micronesian: Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
| volume     = 4
| issue      = 2
| date       = 2005
| title      = The capture of the Koga Papers and its effect on the plan to retake the Philippines in 1944
| first1     = Augusto V.
| last1      = de Viana
| publisher  = National Historical Institute in the Philippines
| url        = http://micronesia.csu.edu.au/MJHSS/Issue2005/MJHSS2005_205.pdf
}}
* {{cite book
| first1     = Frederick L.
| last1      = Wernstedt
| url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=hY9XAAAAMAAJ
| title      = The role and importance of Philippine interisland shipping and trade
| date       = 1957
| publisher  = Southeast Asia Program, Dept. of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University
| isbn = 9780598547866
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Cebu Province}}
* {{OSM relation|1506936|link=no}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170501113331/http://www.cebu.gov.ph/ Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cebu]
* [https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2000766&Itemid=2 The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines – Cebu]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Adjacent communities
| Centre    = Cebu
| North     = [[Masbate]]<br />''[[Visayan Sea]]''
| East      = ''[[Camotes Sea]]'' &nbsp;{{pipe}}&nbsp; [[Leyte]]
| Southeast = ''[[Cebu Strait]]'' &nbsp;{{pipe}}&nbsp; [[Bohol]]
| South     = ''[[Bohol Sea]]''<br />[[Siquijor]]
| West      = [[Negros Occidental]]{{pad|3.5em}}<br />{{pad|3em}}[[Negros Oriental]] &nbsp;{{pipe}}&nbsp; ''[[Tañon Strait]]''
}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Articles related to Cebu province
| list  =
{{Cebu}}
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{{Provinces of the Philippines}}
{{Islands of the Philippines}}
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}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cebu| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Provinces of Central Visayas]]
[[Category:Island provinces of the Philippines]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1565]]
[[Category:1565 establishments in the Philippines]]
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