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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|American Founding Father and politician (1746–1825)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name        = Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
| image       = James Earl - General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney - Google Art Project.jpg
| office      = [[List of ambassadors of the United States to France|United States Minister to France]]
| president   = [[George Washington]]
| term_start  = September 9, 1796
| term_end    = February 5, 1797
| predecessor = [[James Monroe]]
| successor   = [[Robert R. Livingston]]
| birth_date  = {{birth date|1746|2|25}}
| birth_place = [[Charleston, South Carolina]]
| death_date  = {{death date and age|1825|8|16|1746|2|25}}
| death_place = Charleston, South Carolina
| party       = [[Federalist Party]]
| spouse      = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Sarah Middleton|1773|1784|reason=her death}}
* {{marriage|Mary Stead|1786}}
}}
| children    = 3
| education   = [[Christ Church, Oxford]] <br /> [[Middle Temple]]
}}

'''Charles Cotesworth Pinckney''' (February 25, 1746 – August 16, 1825) was an American statesman, military officer and [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] who served as [[List of ambassadors of the United States to France|United States Minister to France]] from 1796 to 1797. A delegate to the [[Constitutional Convention (United States)|Constitutional Convention]] where he signed the [[Constitution of the United States]], Pinckney was twice nominated by the [[Federalist Party]] as its presidential candidate in [[1804 United States presidential election|1804]] and [[1808 United States presidential election|1808]], losing both elections.

Born into a [[planter class]] family from [[Province of South Carolina|South Carolina]], Pinckney practiced law for several years and was elected to the colonial legislature. A supporter of independence from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], Pinckney served in the [[American Revolutionary War]], rising to the rank of [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]]. After the war, he won election to the South Carolina legislature, where he and his brother [[Thomas Pinckney|Thomas]] represented the landed [[slavocracy]] of the [[South Carolina Lowcountry]]. An advocate of a stronger federal government, Pinckney served as a delegate to the 1787 [[Constitutional Convention (United States)|Philadelphia Convention]], which wrote a new federal constitution. Pinckney's influence helped ensure that South Carolina would ratify the United States Constitution. A town and district named [[Pinckneyville (Union, South Carolina)|Pinckneyville]] in South Carolina were named after Charles in 1791.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carrillo |first=Richard |date=1972 |title="Archeological Excavations at Pinckneyville, Site of Pinckney District, 1791-1800" |url=https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=archanth_books |journal=University of South Carolina Scholar Commons}}</ref>

Pinckney declined [[George Washington]]'s first offer to serve in [[Presidency of George Washington|his administration]], but in 1796 Pinckney accepted the position of minister to France. In what became known as the [[XYZ Affair]], the French demanded a bribe before they would agree to meet with the U.S. delegation. Pinckney returned to the United States, accepting an appointment as a general during the [[Quasi-War]] with France. Though he had resisted joining either major party for much of the 1790s, Pinckney began to identify with the Federalist Party following his return from France. The Federalists chose him as their vice presidential nominee in the 1800 presidential election, hoping that his presence on the ticket could win support for the party in the [[Southern United States|American South]]. Though [[Alexander Hamilton]] schemed to elect Pinckney president under the electoral rules then in place, both Pinckney and incumbent Federalist President [[John Adams]] were defeated by the [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] candidates.

Seeing little hope of defeating popular incumbent president Thomas Jefferson, the Federalists chose Pinckney as their presidential nominee for the 1804 election. Neither Pinckney nor the party pursued an active campaign, and Jefferson won in a landslide. The Federalists nominated Pinckney again in 1808, in the hope that Pinckney's military experience and Jefferson's economic policies would give the party a chance of winning. Though the 1808 presidential election was closer than the 1804 election had been, Democratic-Republican nominee [[James Madison]] nonetheless prevailed.

==Early life and family==
[[File:Henry Benbridge - Mrs. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (Sarah Middleton) - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Sarah Middleton Pinckney, portrait by [[Henry Benbridge]]]]

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney was born in [[Charleston, South Carolina]] on February 25, 1746 into the [[planter class]]. He was the son of [[Charles Pinckney (South Carolina chief justice)|Charles Pinckney]], who would later serve as the chief justice of the [[Province of South Carolina]], and [[Eliza Lucas]], a celebrated planter and agriculturalist, who is credited with developing indigo cultivation in this area.<ref name="collier">{{cite encyclopedia |last=DeConde |first=Alexander |editor=William D. Halsey |encyclopedia=Collier's Encyclopedia |title=Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth |year=1976 |publisher=Macmillan Educational Corporation |volume=19 |location=New York |pages=51–52 }}</ref> His younger brother, [[Thomas Pinckney]], later served as [[governor of South Carolina]], as did his first cousin once removed, [[Charles Pinckney (governor)|Charles Pinckney]].<ref>Southwick (1998), pp. 27–29</ref>

In 1753, Pinckney's father moved the family to [[London]], England, where he served as the colony's agent. Both Charles and his brother Thomas were enrolled in the [[Westminster School]], where they continued as students after the rest of the family returned to South Carolina in 1758. Pinckney enrolled in [[Christ Church, Oxford]], in 1763 and began studying law at [[Middle Temple]] in 1764. After a short stint at a military academy in France, Pinckney completed his studies in 1769 and was called to the English bar. He briefly practiced law in England before establishing a legal practice in Charleston.<ref name="Southwick 1998, p. 29">Southwick (1998), p. 29</ref>

After returning to the American colonies in 1773, Pinckney married Sarah Middleton. Her father [[Henry Middleton]] later served as the second president of the [[Continental Congress]], and her brother [[Arthur Middleton]] signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]. Sarah died in 1784. In 1786, Pinckney married again, to Mary Stead, who came from a wealthy family of planters in Georgia. Pinckney had three daughters.

Pinckney studied botany in France in 1769 for a year. For his assistance to the French botanist André Michaux, he was honored by having a plant species named for him: Pinckneya pubens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY |url=https://www.history.army.mil/books/revwar/ss/pinckneycc.htm |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=www.history.army.mil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grimm |first=William Carey |title=The Book Of Trees |publisher=The Stackpole Company |year=1966 |location=Harrisburg Pennsylvania |page=414 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early political career==
After returning to South Carolina from Europe, Pinckney began to [[the practice of law|practice law]] in Charleston. He was first elected to a seat in the colonial legislature in 1770. In 1773 he served as a regional attorney general. When war erupted between the thirteen American colonies and Great Britain in 1775, Pinckney stood with the American [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriots]]; in that year he was a member of the first South Carolina provincial congress, which helped South Carolina transition from being a British colony to being an independent state.<ref name="collier"/> During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the lower house of the state legislature and as a member of the [[South Carolina Senate]], in addition to his military service.

==Revolutionary War==
[[File:Henry Benbridge - Charles Cotesworth Pinckney - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|left|A portrait from about 1773 by [[Henry Benbridge]]]]
{{see also|South Carolina in the American Revolution}}

Pinckney joined the colonial militia in 1772, and he helped organize South Carolina's resistance to British rule.<ref name="Southwick 1998, p. 29"/> In 1775, after the American Revolutionary War had broken out, Pinckney volunteered for military service as a full-time regular officer in George Washington's [[Continental Army]]. As a senior company commander with the rank of captain, Pinckney raised and led the elite [[Grenadier]]s of the 1st South Carolina Regiment. He participated in the successful defense of Charleston in the [[Battle of Sullivan's Island]] in June 1776, when British forces under General [[Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)|Sir Henry Clinton]] staged an amphibious attack on the state capital. Later in 1776 Pinckney took command of the regiment, with the rank of colonel, a position he retained to the end of the war.

After this, the British Army shifted its focus to the northern and mid-Atlantic states. Pinckney led his regiment north to join General Washington's troops near [[Philadelphia]]. Pinckney and his regiment participated in the [[Battle of Brandywine]] and the [[Battle of Germantown]]. Around this time he first met fellow officers [[Alexander Hamilton]] and [[James McHenry]], who became future Federalist statesmen.

In 1778, Pinckney and his regiment, returning to the South, took part in a failed American expedition attempting to seize British [[East Florida]]. The expedition ended because of severe logistical difficulties and a British victory in the [[Battle of Alligator Creek Bridge]]. Later that year, the British Army shifted its focus to the southern theater, [[Capture of Savannah|capturing Savannah, Georgia]], in December 1778. In October 1779, the southern Army of Major General [[Benjamin Lincoln]], with Pinckney leading one of its brigades, attempted to re-take the city in the [[Siege of Savannah]]. This attack was a disaster for the Americans, who suffered numerous casualties.

Pinckney participated in the [[Siege of Charleston|1780 defense of Charleston against British siege]], but the city fell. Major General Lincoln surrendered his 5,000 men to the British on May 12, 1780, and Pinckney became a [[prisoner of war]]. As such, he demonstrated leadership, playing a major role in maintaining the troops' loyalty to the Patriot cause. During this time, he said, "If I had a vein that did not beat with the love of my Country, I myself would open it. If I had a drop of blood that could flow dishonorable, I myself would let it out." He was kept in close confinement until his release in 1782. In November 1783, he was commissioned a [[brevet (military)|brevet]] [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] shortly before the southern regiments were disbanded.<ref name="collier"/> He was promoted to major general during his subsequent service in the South Carolina militia.<ref name="history.army.mil">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ss/pinckneycc.htm|title=CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY|publisher=history.army.mil|access-date=June 21, 2009|archive-date=May 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512022730/http://www.history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ss/pinckneycc.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Constitutional Convention==
[[File:Major General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (NYPL NYPG94-F43-419838).jpg|thumb|left|Major General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (NYPL NYPG94-F43-419838)]]

With the conclusion of the Revolutionary War, Pinckney returned to his legal practice, becoming one of the most acclaimed attorneys in South Carolina. He also returned to the lower house of the South Carolina legislature, and he and his brother Thomas became major political powers in the state. He became an advocate of the landed elite of the South Carolina Lowcountry, who dominated the state's government during this period. Though close friends with fellow legislator [[Edward Rutledge]], Pinckney opposed Rutledge's attempts to end the importation of slaves, arguing that South Carolina's economy required the continual infusion of new slaves. Pinckney also took the lead in negotiating the end to a border dispute with the state of Georgia, and he signed the Convention of Beaufort, which temporarily solved some of the disputes.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zahniser|first1=Marvin|title=Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Founding Father|url=https://archive.org/details/charlescoteswort00zahn|url-access=registration|date=1967|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/charlescoteswort00zahn/page/78 78]–83, 101}}</ref>

The Revolutionary War had convinced many in South Carolina, including Pinckney, that the defense of the state required the cooperation of the other colonies. As such, Pinckney advocated a stronger national government than that provided by the [[Articles of Confederation]], and he represented South Carolina at the [[Constitutional Convention (United States)|Constitutional Convention]] of 1787,<ref>Zahniser, pp. 86-87</ref> where his younger cousin [[Charles Pinckney (governor)|Charles Pinckney]] also served as a delegate.<ref>Collier and Collier, p. 111</ref> Pinckney advocated that [[African Americans|African American]] [[Slavery in the United States|slaves]] be counted as a basis of representation. According to a book review in ''[[The New York Times]]'' in January 2015:

<blockquote>The [[Northwest Ordinance]] of July 1787 held that slaves 'may be lawfully reclaimed' from free states and territories, and soon after, a [[Fugitive Slave Clause|fugitive slave clause]] – Article IV, Section 2 – was woven into the Constitution at the insistence of the Southern delegates, leading South Carolina's Charles C. Pinckney to boast, 'We have obtained a right to recover our slaves in whatever part of America they may take refuge, which is a right we had not before.'<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/books/review/gateway-to-freedom-by-eric-foner.html?rref=books/review Quote taken from book review by Kevin Baker, January 28, 2015 of ''Gateway to Freedom'' by Eric Foner"]</ref></blockquote>

Pinckney advocated for a strong national government (albeit one with a system of checks and balances) to replace the weak one of the time. He opposed as impractical the election of [[United States House of Representatives|representatives]] by popular vote. He also opposed paying [[United States Senate|senators]], who, he thought, should be men of independent wealth. Pinckney played a key role in requiring treaties to be ratified by the Senate and in the compromise that resulted in continued American participation in the [[Atlantic slave trade|international slave trade]] for at least twenty years. He also opposed placing a limitation on the size of a federal standing army.<ref>Fields, William and Hardy, David.  "The Third Amendment and the Issue of the Maintenance of Standing Armies: A Legal History," American Journal of Legal History (1991), volume 35, p. 393: <blockquote>Elbridge Gerry ... proposed that the Constitution contain express language limiting the size of the standing army to several thousand men. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, ostensibly at the instigation of Washington, responded that such a proposal was satisfactory so long as any invading force also agreed to limit its army to a similar size.</blockquote></ref>

Pinckney played a prominent role in securing the ratification of the Federal Constitution in the South Carolina convention of 1788, and in framing the [[Constitution of South Carolina|South Carolina Constitution]] in the convention of 1790. At the ratification convention, Pinckney distinguished three types of government and said republics were where "the people at large, either collectively or by representation, form the legislature". After this, he announced his retirement from politics.

==XYZ Affair==
{{More citations needed | section|date=February 2024}}
[[File:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|1791 miniature portrait by [[John Trumbull]]]]
{{main|XYZ Affair}}
In 1789, President [[George Washington]] offered Pinckney his choice of the [[United States Secretary of State|State Department]] or the [[United States Secretary of War|War Department]]; Pinckney declined both. When Washington offered Pinckney the role of Secretary of State in 1795, Pinckney declined but accepted the post of [[List of ambassadors of the United States to France|minister to France]] in 1796. Relations with the [[French First Republic]] were then at a low ebb: the [[Jay Treaty]] between the U.S. and Great Britain had angered members of the ruling [[French Directory]], and they had ordered the [[French Navy]] to step up seizures of American merchant vessels found to be trading with Britain, with whom France [[War of the Second Coalition|was at war]]. When Pinckney presented his credentials in November 1796, they were refused, with the Directory stating that no ambassador could be accepted until the outstanding crisis was resolved. Pinckney was outraged by the offense.

After Pinckney reported this to the recently inaugurated President [[John Adams]] in 1797, a commission composed of Pinckney, [[John Marshall]], and [[Elbridge Gerry]] was established to treat with the French. Gerry and Marshall joined Pinckney at [[The Hague]] and traveled to Paris in October 1797. After a cursory preliminary meeting with the new French Foreign Minister [[Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord|Talleyrand]], the commissioners were approached informally by a series of intermediaries who spelled out French demands. These included a large loan to France, which the commissioners had been instructed to refuse, and substantial bribes for Talleyrand and members of the Directory, which the commissioners found offensive. These exchanges became the basis for what became known as the "XYZ Affair" when documents concerning them were published in 1798.

Talleyrand, who was aware of political differences in the commission (Pinckney and Marshall were Federalists who favored Britain, and Gerry wavered politically between moderate Federalist ideas and the [[Democratic-Republican Party|Jeffersonian Republicans]], who favored France and were strongly hostile to Britain), exploited this division in the informal discussions. Pinckney and Marshall left France in April 1798; Gerry remained behind in an unofficial capacity, seeking to moderate French demands. The breakdown of negotiations led to what became known as the undeclared [[Quasi-War]], pitting the two nation's navies against each other.

With a potential war looming, Congress authorized the expansion of the Army, and President Adams asked Washington to take command as commander-in-chief of the Army. As a condition for accepting the position, Washington insisted that Pinckney be offered a position as a general. Washington believed that Pinckney's military experience and political support in the South made him indispensable in defending against a possible invasion by the French. Many Federalists feared that Pinckney would chafe at serving under Hamilton, who had been appointed as Washington's second-in-command, but Pinckney pleasantly surprised the Federalists by accepting his appointment as a general without complaint.<ref>Zahniser, pp. 191-197</ref> Pinckney led the Army's southern department from July 1798 to June 1800.<ref>Southwick (1998), p. 32</ref>

==Presidential candidate==

Pinckney and his political allies had resisted becoming closely allied with the Federalist or Democratic-Republican parties during the 1790s, but Pinckney began to identify as a Federalist following his return from France. With the support of Hamilton, Pinckney became the Federalist vice presidential nominee in the 1800 presidential election.{{efn|Technically, Pinckney and Adams were both presidential candidates. Prior to the passage of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804, each presidential elector would cast two ballots; the highest vote-getter would become president and the runner-up would become vice president.}} Pinckney's military and political service had won him national stature, and Federalists hoped that Pinckney could win some southern votes against Democratic-Republican nominee Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton had even greater hopes, as he wished to displace Adams as president and viewed Pinckney as more amenable to his policies. In-fighting between supporters of Adams and Hamilton plagued the Federalists, and the Democratic-Republicans won the election. Pinckney refused to become involved in Hamilton's plans to make him president and promised not to accept the votes of any [[Electoral system|elector]] who was not also pledged to Adams.<ref>Zahniser, pp. 208-214, 231-233</ref>

Federalists saw little hope of defeating the popular Jefferson in the 1804 election; though the party remained strong in New England, Jefferson was widely expected to win the southern and mid-Atlantic states. With little hope of winning the presidency, the Federalists nominated Pinckney as their presidential candidate, but neither Pinckney nor the Federalists pursued an active presidential campaign against Jefferson. The Federalists hoped that Pinckney's military reputation and his status as a southerner would show that the Federalist Party remained a national party, but they knew that Pinckney had little chance of winning even his own home state. Jefferson won the election in a rout, taking 162 electoral votes compared to Pinckney's 14. Pinckney's defeat in South Carolina made him the first [[List of major-party United States presidential candidates who lost their home state|major party presidential nominee to lose his own home state]].<ref>Zahniser, pp. 243-246</ref>

Jefferson's second term proved more difficult than his first, as the British and French attacked American shipping as part of the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. With Jefferson's popularity waning, Federalists entertained stronger hopes of winning back the presidency in 1808 than they had in 1804. With the support of Jefferson, [[James Madison]] was put forward as the Democratic-Republican nominee. Some Federalists favored supporting a renegade Democratic-Republican in [[James Monroe]] or [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]], but at the Federalist nominating convention, the party again turned to Pinckney. With a potential war against France or Britain looming, the Federalists hoped that Pinckney's military experience would appeal to the nation. The Federalists won Delaware and most of New England, but Madison won the remaining states and won a commanding majority of the electoral college.<ref>Zahniser, pp. 247-258</ref>

==Final years and death==
[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles Pinckney.svg|175px|thumb|Coat of Arms of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney|alt=]]After the 1808 election, Pinckney focused on managing his plantations and developing his legal practice.<ref>Southwick (1998), p. 33</ref> From 1805 until his death in 1825, Pinckney was president-general of the [[Society of the Cincinnati]]. Pinckney was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1813.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistp|title=MemberListP}}</ref> Pinckney was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1789.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=C.C. Pinckney|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=C.C.+Pinckney|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 December 2020|website=American Philosophical Society Member History|publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]]}}</ref>

Pinckney died on August 16, 1825, and was buried in [[St. Michael's Churchyard, Charleston|St. Michael's Churchyard]] in Charleston, South Carolina.<ref>Southwick (1998), p. 27</ref> His tombstone reads, "One of the founders of the American Republic. In war he was a companion in arms and friend of Washington. In peace he enjoyed his unchanging confidence."<ref name="history.army.mil"/>

==Views on slavery==
According to the state library of South Carolina:

<blockquote>Pinckney owned slaves throughout his life and believed that slavery was necessary to the economy of South Carolina. At the Constitutional Convention, he agreed to abolish the slave trade in 1808, but opposed emancipation. In 1801, Pinckney owned about 250 slaves. When his daughter Eliza married, Pinckney gave her fifty slaves. On his death, he bequeathed his remaining slaves to his daughters and nephews.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.sc.edu/digital/slaveryscc/intellectual-founders.html|title=Intellectual Founders – Slavery at South Carolina College, 1801–1865 – University of South Carolina Libraries}}</ref></blockquote>

In the South Carolina House of Representatives, on January 18, 1788, Pinckney offered several defenses for the lack of a bill of rights in the proposed U.S. Constitution. One was that bills of rights generally begin by declaring that all men are by nature born free. The reporter's summary of his observation concludes, "Now, we should make that declaration with a very bad grace, when a large part of our property consists in men who are actually born slaves."<ref>Jonathan Elliot, ''The Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution'', Vol. 4 of 5, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1866, page 316; Pauline Maier, ''Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788'', New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010, pages 247 and 249.</ref>

==Memorialization==
* [[Castle Pinckney]] in [[Charleston Harbor]], completed about 1810, and an earlier fort on the same site, were named for Pinckney.
* [[Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge]], a [[national wildlife refuge]] on the site of the Pinckney family's plantation, was named for Pinckney.
* A school in [[Fort Jackson (South Carolina)|Fort Jackson, South Carolina]], is called C. C. Pinckney Elementary.
* A school in [[Mount Pleasant (South Carolina)|Mount Pleasant, South Carolina]], is called Charles Pinckney Elementary School.
* A school in [[Lawrence (Kansas)|Lawrence, Kansas]], is called [https://www.usd497.org/Page/23 Pinckney Elementary].
* In 1942, during [[World War II]], a 422-foot [[liberty ship]] was built in [[Wilmington, North Carolina]], and named [[SS Charles C. Pinckney|SS ''Charles C. Pinckney'']] in his honor.
* Pinckney Street on Beacon Hill in [[Boston]] and in [[Madison, Wisconsin]], were named in his honor.
* [[Pinckneyville, Illinois]], and [[Pinckney, Michigan]], were named after him.
* Pinckney Highway (SC 9) in [[Chester, South Carolina]], was named in his honor.
* ''[[Pinckneya pubens|Pinckneya]]'', a monotypic genus of [[Rubiaceae]], was named for him by [[Louis Claude Richard|L.C.M. Richard]] in [[André Michaux|A. Michaux]]'s ''Flora Boreali-Americana''.<ref>Delprete, P. G. 1996. Systematics, typification, distribution, and reproductive biology of ''Pinkneya bracteata'' (''Rubiaceae''). Plant Systematics & Evolution 201: 243-261.</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
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:{{ACMH}}
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last1=Buchanan|first1=John|title=The Road to Guilford Courthouse|date=1997|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780471327165}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth|volume=21|pages=616–617}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Lander | first1=Ernest M. Jr. |title=The South Carolinians at the Philadelphia Convention, 1787 |date=1956 |journal=The South Carolina Historical Magazine|volume=57|issue=3|pages=134–155 | jstor=27566067}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Morison |first1=Samuel E. |title=The First National Nominating Convention, 1808 |journal=The American Historical Review |date=1912 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=744–763|doi=10.2307/1832458 |jstor=1832458}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sharp |first1=James Roger |title=The Deadlocked Election of 1800 |date=2010 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-1742-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Southwick |first1=Leslie |title=Presidential Also-Rans and Running Mates, 1788 through 1996 |date=1998 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=0-7864-0310-1 |edition=Second}}
* {{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Francis Leigh |title=A Founding Family: The Pinckneys of South Carolina |date=1978 |publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich |isbn=978-0151315031 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfamilypi0000will }}
* {{cite book |last1=Zahniser |first1=Marvin R. |title=Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Founding Father |url=https://archive.org/details/charlescoteswort00zahn |url-access=registration |date=1967 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press|oclc=318431751}}
{{cite book |last1=Collier |first1=Christopher and James Lincoln |title=Decision in Philadelphia: The Constitutional Convention of 1787 |date=1986 |publisher=Ballantine |isbn=0-345-34652-1}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ss/pinckneycc.htm U.S. Army profile of Bvt. Maj. Gen. Charles C. Pinckney] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512022730/http://www.history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ss/pinckneycc.htm |date=May 12, 2013 }}

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{{United States Constitution signatories}}
{{US Ambassadors to France}}
{{1796 United States presidential election}}
{{1800 United States presidential election}}
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{{1808 United States presidential election}}
{{Federalist Party}}
{{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth}}
[[Category:1746 births]]
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[[Category:18th-century American diplomats]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to France]]
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[[Category:American proslavery activists]]
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[[Category:Burials at St. Michael's Churchyard (Charleston)]]
[[Category:Continental Army officers from South Carolina]]
[[Category:Members of the American Antiquarian Society]]
[[Category:Members of the Middle Temple]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:Pinckney family]]
[[Category:Politicians from Charleston, South Carolina]]
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[[Category:South Carolina Federalists]]
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[[Category:United States Army generals]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1796 United States presidential election]]
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[[Category:American slave owners]]
[[Category:Founding Fathers of the United States]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]