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{{Short description|Punctuation used with Chinese characters}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}

[[Writing system]]s that use [[Chinese characters]] also include various [[punctuation marks]], derived from both Chinese and Western sources. Historically, ''judou'' ({{zhi|s=句读|t=句讀|}}) annotations were often used to indicate the boundaries of sentences and clauses in text. The use of punctuation in [[Written Chinese]] only became mandatory during the 20th century, due to Western influence. Unlike modern punctuation, ''judou'' marks were added by scholars for pedagogical purposes and were not viewed as integral to the text. Texts were therefore generally transmitted without ''judou''. In most cases, this practice did not interfere with the interpretation of a text, although it occasionally resulted in ambiguity.{{efn-ua|For example, this passage "{{zh|c=卒為善士則之野有眾逐虎|labels=no}}" in ''Mencius'' 7B "Wholeheartedly" ({{lang|zh|孟子·盡心下}})  has been punctuated as "{{zh|c=卒為善士。則之野。有眾逐虎。|l=Ultimately, he became a great gentleman. Thereupon he went to the countryside. There was a crowd in pursuit of a tiger.|labels=no}}"; or as "{{zh|c=卒為善。士則之。野有眾逐虎。|l=Ultimately, he became great. Gentlemen took him as a model. In the countryside there was a crowd in pursuit of a tiger.|labels=no}}"; or as "{{zh|c=卒為善士則。之野。有眾逐虎。|l=Ultimately, he became a model for great gentlemen. He went to the countryside. There was a crowd in pursuit of a tiger.|labels=no}}". The first was given by the Han dynasty scholar Zhao Qi ({{lang|zh-Hant|趙岐}}) and was the traditional reading accepted by [[Song dynasty|Song]] scholar [[Zhu Xi]], [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] scholar Jiao Xun ([[:zh:焦循|焦循]]), etc. The second reading is favored by 13th-century scholars Liu Changshi (劉昌詩), Zhou Mi ([[:zh:周密|周密]]), etc. The third reading is proposed by modern scholars Wang Changlin (2002, 64) as well as Qin Hualin & Ling Yu (2005, 31).<ref>Van Els, Paul (February 2021). [https://philarchive.org/archive/VANMBA-5 "Moral Beauty and the Beast: Ethical Dilemmas in the Mencius"], '''Vol. 35'''. p. 18-19 of pp. 13–45</ref>}}

The first book to be printed with modern punctuation was ''Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy'' ({{lang|zh-Hant|中國哲學史大綱}}) by [[Hu Shih]], published in 1919. Traditional poetry and calligraphy maintains the punctuation-free style. However, most editions of classical texts published since the 1930s are punctuated with fully modern punctuation (or at least using the modern equivalents of the traditional ''judou'' marks).

The usage of punctuation in China is regulated by the [[Guobiao standards|Chinese national standard]] GB/T 15834–2011 "General rules for punctuation" ({{zh|t=標點符號用法|s=标点符号用法|p=biāodiǎn fúhào yòngfǎ|first=t}}).<ref name="gbt15834">{{Citation |last1=Zhonghua renmin gongheguo guojia zhiliang jiandu jianyan jianyi zongju |title=Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó guójiā biāozhǔn GB/T 15834–2011: Biāodiǎn fúhào yòngfǎ |date=2011-12-30 |url=http://www.moe.edu.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2012/06/01/20120601102833791.pdf |postscript=. |trans-title=National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T 15834–2011: General Rules for Punctuation |language=zh |access-date=2014-01-24 |last2=Zhongguo guojia biaozhunhua guanli weiyuanhui |author-link=General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine |author-link2=Standardization Administration of China |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 15834–2011：标点符号用法 |archive-date=9 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109233830/http://www.moe.edu.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2012/06/01/20120601102833791.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Shape of punctuation marks==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2013}}
[[File:Kuozhai.jpg|thumb|Examples of handwritten punctuation (circles in red ink) at the bottom-right or -center of characters. From the ''[[Yongle Encyclopedia]]''.]]
[[File:新国文泰坦尼克.jpg|thumb|1912 textbook of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], with punctuation marks to the right of characters]]
Many ancient Chinese books contain thousands of words with no spaces between them; however, when necessary to explicitly denote a pause or break, Judou marks such as "{{lang|zh-Hans|{{linktext|。}}}}" and "{{lang|zh-Hans|{{linktext|、}}}}" were used.

Similar to the development of [[Punctuation#Medieval|punctuation in Europe]], there were varying types of Judou marks. For instance, a [[Song dynasty]] print of [[Chronicles of Huayang]] used full-width spaces to denote a stop,{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=常璩 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glwqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT2471 |title=華陽國志: 十二卷 |date=1809 |publisher=李氏萬卷樓 |language=zh}}</ref> whereas a print of ''[[Jingdian Shiwen]]'' from the same period simply used "{{lang|zh|。}}" and "{{lang|zh|、}}" marks.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} [[Qu Yuan]]'s ''[[Li Sao]]'' used the character {{wikt-lang|zh|兮|i=no}} and grammatical particles to denote stops, similar to ''judou'' marks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lísāo |script-title=zh:离骚 |url=https://so.gushiwen.org/view_71169.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614073331/https://so.gushiwen.org/view_71169.aspx |archive-date=2018-06-14 |website=Gǔshī wén wǎng |language=zh-Hans |script-website=zh:古诗文网}}</ref> In Written Chinese, each character conforms to a roughly square frame, so the entire text can fit into a grid.

Because of this, East Asian punctuation marks are larger than their European counterparts, as they should occupy a square area that is the same size as the characters around them. These punctuation marks are called ''fullwidth'' to contrast them from ''halfwidth'' European punctuation marks.

Chinese characters can be [[Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts|written horizontally or vertically]]. Some punctuation marks adapt to this change in direction: the parentheses, square brackets, square quotation marks, book title marks, ellipsis marks, and dashes all rotate 90° clockwise when used in vertical text.

The three [[underline]]-like punctuation marks in Chinese (proper noun mark, wavy book title mark, and emphasis mark) rotate and shift to the left side of the text in vertical script (shifting to the right side of the text is also possible, but this is outmoded and can clash with the placement of other punctuation marks).

==Marks similar to European punctuation==
Marks imported from Europe are fullwidth instead of halfwidth like their original European counterparts, thus incorporating more space, and no longer need to be followed by an additional space in typesetting:<ref name="UFF00">{{Citation |title=Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFF00.pdf |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222001703/https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFF00.pdf |publisher=The Unicode Consortium |language=en |access-date=9 February 2016 |archive-date=2016-02-22}}</ref><ref name="U3000">{{Citation |title=CJK Symbols and Punctuation |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3000.pdf |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182655/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3000.pdf |publisher=The Unicode Consortium |language=en |access-date=9 February 2016 |archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref>

* {{lang|zh|，}} (U+FF0C {{sc|FULLWIDTH COMMA}}) is the [[Comma (punctuation)|comma]] (,). It cannot be used for enumerating a list; see "enumeration comma" below.
* {{lang|zh|！}} (U+FF01 {{sc|FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK}}) is the [[exclamation mark]] (!).
* {{lang|zh|？}} (U+FF1F {{sc|FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK}}) is the [[question mark]] (?).
* {{lang|zh|；}} (U+FF1B {{sc|FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON}}) is the [[semicolon]] (;).
* {{lang|zh|：}} (U+FF1A {{sc|FULLWIDTH COLON}}) is the [[colon (punctuation)|colon]] (:).
* {{lang|zh|（ ）}} (U+FF08 {{sc|FULLWIDTH LEFT PARENTHESIS}}), (U+FF09 {{sc|FULLWIDTH RIGHT PARENTHESIS}}) are [[Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (round brackets).
* There are two kinds of [[Bracket#Square brackets|square bracket]]s:
** {{lang|zh|［］}} (U+FF3B {{sc|FULLWIDTH LEFT SQUARE BRACKET}}), (U+FF3D {{sc|FULLWIDTH RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET}})
** {{lang|zh|【 】}} (U+3010 {{sc|LEFT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET}}), (U+3011 {{sc|RIGHT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET}})

==Other punctuation{{anchor|Other punctuation marks}}==
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2016}}
Other punctuation symbols are more different, in shape or usage:<ref name=U3000 /><ref name="UFE30">{{Citation |title=CJK Compatibility Forms |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFE30.pdf |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222091653/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFE30.pdf |publisher=The Unicode Consortium |language=en |access-date=9 February 2016 |archive-date=2016-02-22}}</ref>

===Punctuation marks{{anchor|Punctuations}}===
; Period ( {{lang|zh|。}} ){{anchor|Full stop}}
: The Chinese [[full stop|period]] (U+3002 {{sc|IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP}}) is a fullwidth small circle ({{zh|t=句號|p=jùhào|first=t|c=|s=|l=Sentence Mark}}). In horizontal writing, the period is placed in the middle <span style="border: 1px dotted red;">{{lang|zh-tw|。&#xFE01;}}</span>, however in Mainland China it is placed in the bottom left <span style="border: 1px dotted red;">{{lang|zh-cn|。&#xFE01;}}</span>; in vertical writing, it is placed below and to the right of the last character <span style="border: 1px dotted red;">︒</span>(U+FE12 {{sc|PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP}}) in [[Mainland China]], and in the middle <span style="border: 1px dotted red;">{{lang|zh-tw|。&#xFE01;}}</span> in [[Taiwan]], [[Hong Kong]], and [[Macau]].<ref name=U3000 />
; Quotation marks ( {{lang|zh-Hans|「...」 , ﹁...﹂ , "..."}} ){{anchor|Quotation marks}}
: [[Traditional Chinese]] does '''not''' use European quotation marks. Its double and single [[quotation mark]]s are fullwidth {{lang|zh-Hant|『 』}} (U+300E {{sc|LEFT WHITE CORNER BRACKET}}, U+300F {{sc|RIGHT WHITE CORNER BRACKET}}) and {{lang|zh-Hant|「 」}} (U+300C {{sc|LEFT CORNER BRACKET}}, U+300D {{sc|RIGHT CORNER BRACKET}}). The double quotation marks are used when embedded within single quotation marks: {{lang|zh-Hant|「...『...』...」}}. In vertical text, quotation marks are rotated 90° clockwise ({{lang|zh-Hant|﹁﹂}} (U+FE41 {{sc|PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT ANGLE BRACKET}}, U+FE42 {{sc|PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT CORNER BRACKET}})).<ref name=U3000 /><ref name=UFE30 /><ref>{{lang|zh|中華民國教育部國語推行委員會，《重訂標點符號手冊》，中華民國八十六年三月台灣學術網路三版。}}</ref>
: [[Simplified Chinese]] '''officially''' prescribes European-style quotation marks for horizontal text and Chinese quotation marks for vertical text. Single quotation marks are used when embedded within double quotation marks: {{lang|zh-Hans|"...'...'..."}}. 
: These quotation marks are fullwidth in printed matter but share the same codepoints as the European quotation marks in [[Unicode]], so they require a Chinese-language font to be displayed correctly. In vertical text, corner brackets rotated 90° clockwise ({{lang|zh-Hans|﹁﹂}}), are used as in Traditional Chinese. However, corner brackets are commonly encountered in situations that normally necessitate European punctuation, including in official contexts and media.<ref name="cn">{{lang|zh|中華人民共和國國家標準，《標點符號用法》，1995年12月13日發布，1996年6月1日實施。}}</ref>
; Enumeration comma ( {{lang|zh|、}} ){{anchor|Enumeration comma}}
: [[File:Yeli-Island-Plant-collecting-prohibited-0716.jpg|thumb|A sign in a [[Zhuhai]] park, which, if we reproduce enumeration commas in English, can be rendered nearly word-for-word as: "It is strictly forbidden to pick flowers{{lang|zh|、}} fruit{{lang|zh|、}} leaves, [or to] dig out roots{{lang|zh|、}} medicinal plants!"]] The [[enumeration comma]] (U+3001 {{sc|IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA}}) or "dun comma" ({{zh|t=頓號|p=dùnhào|l=pause mark|first=t}}) must be used instead of the regular comma when separating words constituting a list. 
: Chinese language does not traditionally observe the [[England|English]] custom of a [[serial comma]] (the comma before conjunctions in a list), although the issue is of little consequence in Chinese at any rate, as the English "A, B, and C" is more likely to be rendered in Chinese as "{{lang|zh|A、B及C}}" or more often as "{{lang|zh|A、B、C}}", without any word for "and", see picture to the right.<ref name="U3000" />
; Middle dot ( {{lang|zh|·}} ){{anchor|Middle dot}}
: Chinese uses a [[Interpunct|middle dot]] to separate characters in non-Han personal names, such as Tibetan, Uyghur, etc. For example "Nur Bekri" ({{lang|ug|نۇر بەكرى}}), the name of a Chinese politician of Uyghur descent is rendered as "{{lang|zh-hant|努爾·白克力}}". "[[Leonardo da Vinci]]" is often transcribed to [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] as: {{lang|zh-hant|李奧納多·達·文西}}. The middle dot is also fullwidth in printed matter, while the halfwidth middle dot ({{lang|zh-Hani|·}}) is also used in computer input, which is then rendered as fullwidth in Chinese-language fonts.
: In Taiwan, the hyphenation point ({{lang|zh-Hani|‧}}) (U+2027 {{sc|HYPHENATION POINT}}) is used instead for the same purpose.<ref name="U2000">{{Citation |title=General Punctuation |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175510/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf |publisher=The Unicode Consortium |language=en |access-date=9 February 2016 |archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2021|talk=Middle dot encoding}} They can also be used to represent decimal points in Chinese. For example "3.5" becomes {{lang|zh-Hant|「三‧五」}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=《重訂標點符號手冊》修訂版－－間隔號 |url=https://language.moe.gov.tw/001/upload/files/site_content/m0001/hau/h14.htm}}</ref>
; Title marks ( {{lang|zh|《...》, 〈...〉, ﹏﹏﹏}} ){{anchor|Book title marks}}
: For titles of books, films, and so on, Simplified Chinese officially uses fullwidth double angle brackets<ref>{{Citation |title=CJK Symbols and Punctuation |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3000.pdf |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407061216/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3000.pdf |publisher=[[The Unicode Consortium]] |access-date=6 November 2009 |archive-date=2009-04-07}}</ref> {{lang|zh|《...》}} (U+300A {{sc|LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET}}, U+300B {{sc|RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET}}), and fullwidth single angle brackets, {{lang|zh|〈...〉}} (U+3008 {{sc|LEFT ANGLE BRACKET}}, U+3009 {{sc|RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET}}). 
: The latter is used when embedded within the former: {{lang|zh|《...〈...〉...》}}. Although {{lang|zh|﹏﹏﹏}} (wavy underline, U+FE4F {{sc|WAVY LOW LINE}}) is the '''officially prescribed''' title mark by Taiwan's Ministry of Education (especially for handwriting), when typing, square brackets【 】 and double quotation marks 『 』are also de facto used, if not prescribed by dictionaries in a manner akin to Korean and Japanese; Simplified Chinese often does likewise for song titles. In practice, [[Traditional Chinese]], single title marks are also used for articles in or sections of a book, a rule that is also officially prescribed for [[Simplified Chinese]]. 
: Furthermore, unsanctioned and alternate usage of Western or Chinese quotation marks is rather common, especially so for Chinese quotation marks in Traditional Chinese newspapers; this "unsanctioned practice" is also commonly found in Japanese and Korean.<ref name="U3000" /><ref name="UFE30" />
; Ellipsis ( {{lang|zh-Hans|……}} ){{anchor|Ellipsis}}
: In Chinese, the [[ellipsis]] is written with six dots (not three) occupying the same space as two characters in the center of a line.<ref name="gbt15834" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shānjié hào |script-title=zh:刪節號 |url=http://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/FILES/SITE_CONTENT/M0001/HAU/h11.htm |access-date=2018-03-01 |website="Chóng dìng biāodiǎn fúhào shǒucè" xiūdìng bǎn |publisher=Jiaoyu bu |language=zh |script-website=zh:《重訂標點符號手冊》修訂版}}</ref>
: Unicode provides an explicitly centered {{unichar|22EF|Midline Horizontal Ellipsis}} character<ref>{{Citation |title=Mathematical Operators |url=https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2200.pdf |page=7 |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219074426/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2200.pdf |publisher=Unicode Consortium |language=en |access-date=2018-03-01 |archive-date=2018-02-19}}</ref> in addition to the inexplicit {{unichar|2026|Horizontal Ellipsis}} character.<ref>{{Citation |title=General Punctuation |url=https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf |page=4 |postscript=. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219155450/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf |publisher=Unicode Consortium |language=en |access-date=2018-03-01 |archive-date=2018-02-19}}</ref>
; Two-em dash ( {{lang|zh-Hans|⸺}} ){{anchor|Em dash}}
: Similarly, the two-em dash ({{unichar|2E3A|TWO-EM DASH}}) is written so that it occupies the space of two [[em dash]] characters in the center of the line. There should be no breaking in the line.<ref name="gbt15834" /> To represent the two-em dash character ({{lang|zh-Hans|⸺}}), one can write two consecutive em dashes ({{lang|zh-Hans|——}}, U+2014 U+2014). Chinese {{lang|en|{{linktext|dash|}}}} is {{zh|t=破折號|p=pòzhéhào|first=t|c=|s=|l=Break/Fold Mark}}.
; En dash ( {{lang|zh-Hans|–}} ){{anchor|En dash}}
: When connecting two words to signify a range, Chinese generally uses an [[En Dash|en dash]] occupying the space of one character (e.g. {{lang|zh-Hani|1月—7月}} "January to July", which can also be written 1月到7月, with the character 到 in place of the dash). A single em dash character or a [[tilde]] may also be used.<ref name="w3c-clreq">{{Cite web |last=Chinese Layout Task Force |title=Requirements for Chinese Text Layout |url=https://www.w3.org/TR/clreq/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419150639/http://www.w3.org/TR/clreq/ |archive-date=2016-04-19 |access-date=1 May 2016 |publisher=W3C |language=en}}</ref>
; Wave dash ( {{lang|zh-Hans|～}} ){{anchor|Wavy dash}}
: The [[wave dash]] ({{unichar|301C|WAVE DASH}}, {{zh|t=浪紋|p=làng wén|first=ts|c=|s=浪纹|l=}}) is used in the Chinese language to signify a range (e.g. 5～20個字 "5 to 20 words"). Additionally, there is another Unicode character called the [[Halfwidth and fullwidth forms|fullwidth]] [[tilde]] ({{unichar|FF5E|FULLWIDTH TILDE}}, {{zh|t=全形波浪號|p=quán xíng bōlàng hào|first=t|c=|s=|l=}}) which is often used as an alternative form of the wave dash symbol. The wave dash is more commonly but not exclusively used when the numbers are estimates (e.g. [[Wiktionary:circa|circa]] dates and temperatures in weather forecasts). 
: For the most part, however, the en dash and wavy dash are interchangeable; usage is largely a matter of personal taste or institutional style. Note that the wave dash ( {{lang|zh-Hans|〜}} ) and the fullwidth tilde ( {{lang|zh-Hans|～}} ) should not be confused with the [[wavy dash]] character ({{unichar|3030|WAVY DASH}}, {{zh|t=浪線|p=làng xiàn|first=ts|c=|s=浪线|l=}}). In [[Japanese punctuation|Japanese]], the wavy dash is used as an emphatic form of the [[chōonpu|katakana-hiragana prolonged sound mark]].
: In informal use (such as [[texting]]), wavy dashes are also used to indicate a prolonged vowel similar to informal English's repeated letters (e.g. {{lang|zh-Hani|哇～～}} "waaah") or to indicate stress in places where English would employ an emphatic tone marked variously by italics or bolding (e.g. {{lang|zh-Hani|要～～}} "I ''want'' it!").<ref name=U3000 />
; Spacing{{anchor|Spacing}}
: Similar to the [[Letter-spacing|spacing between letters]] ([[kerning]]) in European languages, Chinese writing uses a very narrow space between characters, though it does not observe the equivalent to the wider [[Space (punctuation)|space between words]] except on rare occasions. Chinese{{snd}} particularly classical Chinese{{snd}} is thus a form of ''[[scriptio continua]]'' and it is common for words to be split between lines with no marking in the text equivalent to the English [[hyphen]].
: When a space is used, it is also fullwidth (U+3000 {{sc|IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE}}). 
: One instance of its usage is as an [[Tai tou|honorific marker]]. A modern example in 20th century Taiwan, is found in the reference to [[Chiang Kai-shek]] as {{lang|zh|先&zwnj;總&zwnj;統&#x3000;蔣&zwnj;公}} (Former President, Lord Chiang), in which the preceding space serves as an honorific marker for {{lang|zh-Hant|蔣公}}. This use is also still current in very formal letters or other old-style documents,<ref name="U3000" /> as well as religious scripture.
: When Chinese is [[romanization of Chinese|romanized]], spaces are used to assist in reading. Rules vary between systems but most commonly{{snd}} as in [[Hanyu Pinyin]]{{snd}} the spaces properly occur between ''[[semantics|semantic]]'' divisions (i.e., words) but in practice are often placed between ''[[phonetics|phonetic]]'' divisions (i.e., individual characters). In the [[Wade–Giles|Wade–Giles system]], separate characters within a word were noted by hyphens but this is increasingly uncommon.
; Asterisk ( {{lang|zh|*}} ){{anchor|Asterisk}}
: Mainland Chinese supply chains often use an [[asterisk]] in place of a [[multiplication sign]] (×) to specify product dimensions. For example "10×200×350" becomes "10*200*350".
[[File:Battery-product-dimensions.png|thumb|Example of Chinese products using asterisks as punctuation for product dimensions.]]

===Typographic styles===
The following are commonly suggested typographical styles; however, they are rarely carried out in practice and often only used when necessary. Proper name marks and title marks are primarily used in textbooks and official documents in [[Hong Kong]], [[Macau]], and [[Taiwan]].

; Proper name mark ( {{lang|zh|__}} )
: A [[proper name mark]] (an [[underline]]) is occasionally used, especially in teaching materials and some [[Film|movie]] [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]. When the text runs vertically, the appropriate name mark is written as a line to the characters' left (to the right in some older books).
; Title mark ( {{lang|zh|﹏﹏}} )
: A [[title mark]] is a wavy underline ({{lang|zh|﹏﹏}}, U+FE4F {{sc|WAVY LOW LINE}}) used instead of the regular book title marks whenever the proper noun mark is used in the same text.
; [[Emphasis point|Emphasis mark]]
: For emphasis, Chinese uses [[Emphasis point|emphasis marks]] instead of [[italic type]]. Each emphasis mark is a single dot placed under each character to be emphasized (for vertical text, the dot is placed to the right-hand side of each character). Although frequent in printed matter, emphasis marks are rare online, as most word processors do not support them. However, support in HTML has been possible by adding the CSS property <code>text-emphasis-style</code>.
; Death-indication mark ({{box|{{lang|zh|姓　名}}}})
: A death-indication mark [zh] ([[Simplified Chinese characters|simplified Chinese]]: 示亡号; [[Traditional Chinese characters|traditional Chinese]]: 示亡號; [[pinyin]]: ''shìwánghào'') marks a person's recent death. Typographically, it consists of a black border around the person's name. It is supported by most word processors and is supported in CSS through the border property. It is used in lists or bibliographical data, for example. Lin Suifang 林穗芳 suggests that this practice may have entered the Chinese language in the fifties when it was supposedly adopted from translations from Russian; he does not cite any sources for this statement, however.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lin|first=Suifang|script-title=zh:标点符号学习与应用|title=Biāodiǎn fúhào xuéxí yǔ yìngyòng|trans-title=The Study and Application of Punctuation Marks|date=2000|publisher=[[People's Press (Beijing)|People's Press]]|isbn=7-01-003043-X|edition=1|location=Beijing|oclc=45138497|quote-page=397|script-quote=zh:50年代初通过翻译俄语书刊进入汉语|language=zh|url=https://book.duxiu.com/bookDetail.jsp?dxNumber=000000029107&d=4C2BE0115B560DA61474A00CE5F41DE8|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===Apostrophe===
There is no equivalent of the apostrophe in Chinese. Therefore, it is omitted in translated foreign names such as "[[O'Neill (surname)|O'Neill]]." Likewise, the hyphen is used only when writing translated foreign names with hyphens. Otherwise, it is not used in Chinese and is omitted when translating compound words.

==Use of punctuation marks==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2013}}
Several punctuation marks have ranges of use that differ from the way they are used in English, though some functions may overlap.

* {{lang|zh|，}} The comma is used to join clauses that deal with a certain topic or line of thinking. As such, what would appear to an English speaker to be a [[comma splice]] is very commonly seen in Chinese writing. Often, the entirety of a long paragraph can consist of clauses joined by commas, with the sole period coming only at the end. Unlike in English, a comma is allowed between a subject and its predicate.
* {{lang|zh|；}} The semicolon is frequently used to demarcate parallel structures in a paragraph.
* {{lang|zh|「...」}} Quotation marks, in addition to being used around quotations, are also commonly used for emphasis and to indicate proper nouns and titles, and also to enclose metaphors that do not explicitly state it is a metaphor. (e.g. 「毛球」跑出來了, i.e. The 'hairball' ran out.)
* {{lang|zh|— —}} The use of a second em dash to close a parenthetical thought is rare. Instead, a comma is usually used, or sometimes no punctuation at all.
* In [[Pinyin#Approximation from English pronunciation|Pinyin]], the apostrophe (') ({{linktext|隔音符號}}, géyīn fúhào, 'syllable-dividing mark') is before a syllable starting with a vowel (a, o, or e) in a multiple-syllable word when the syllable does not start the word. It is commonly thought that this apostrophe should be used when there could be ambiguity regarding the syllables used (e.g. xian and Xi'an or bing'an and bin'gan).

==See also==
* [[East Asian punctuation (disambiguation)|East Asian punctuation]]
* [[Japanese punctuation]]
* [[Korean punctuation]]
* [[Line breaking rules in East Asian languages]]

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150810181025/http://www.edu.tw/FILES/SITE_CONTENT/M0001/HAU/c2.htm {{lang|zh|《重訂標點符號手冊》修訂版}}] – official website of the Revised Handbook of Punctuation, December 2008 Edition
* [http://english.moe.gov.tw/public/Attachment/972816435771.doc {{lang|zh|重訂標點符號手冊}}]{{snd}} Chinese punctuation marks manual, published by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China
* [http://www.edu.tw/files/site_content/m0001/hau/Revised_Handbook_of_Punctuation.pdf Revised Handbook of Punctuation]{{snd}} was published in December 2008 by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
* [https://archive.today/20120724145825/http://www.cmi.hku.hk/Ref/Article/article08/index.html {{lang|zh|中華人民共和國國家標準標點符號用法}}] – The [[People's Republic of China|PRC]]'s National Standards on the Usage of Punctuation Marks {{in lang|zh}}
* [http://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/ The Unicode Consortium]

{{Chinese language}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chinese Punctuation}}
[[Category:Punctuation of specific languages]]
[[Category:Chinese orthography|Punctuation]]
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