Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Class of enzymes}}
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{{infobox enzyme
| Name       = Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase
| EC_number  = 1.14.99.38
| CAS_number =
| GO_code    = 
| image      = 
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}}

In [[enzymology]], a '''cholesterol 25-hydroxylase''' ({{EC number|1.14.99.38}}) is an [[enzyme]] that [[catalysis|catalyzes]] the [[chemical reaction]]

:cholesterol + AH<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H<sub>2</sub>O

The 3 [[substrate (biochemistry)|substrates]] of this enzyme are [[cholesterol]], an [[electron acceptor]] AH<sub>2</sub>, and [[oxygen|O<sub>2</sub>]], whereas its 3 [[product (chemistry)|products]] are [[25-Hydroxycholesterol|25-hydroxycholesterol]] (25HC), the reduction product A, and [[water|H<sub>2</sub>O]].

This enzyme belongs to the family of [[oxidoreductase]]s, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derive from O miscellaneous.  The [[List of enzymes|systematic name]] of this enzyme class is '''cholesterol, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (25-hydroxylating)'''. This enzyme is also called '''cholesterol 25-monooxygenase'''.

Transcripts for this enzyme have been identified in macrophages from the testis.

CH25H is an [[interferon]]-stimulated gene, and its primary product 25HC may have broad-spectrum [[Antiviral protein|antiviral]] activity, demonstrated in mice against [[HIV]], [[ebola]], [[Henipavirus#Nipah virus|Nipah virus]], [[Rift Valley Fever virus]], and SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, 25HC blocks membrane fusion between the cell and virus, and may "implicate membrane-modifying oxysterols as potential antiviral therapeutics.” Recently, upregulation of CH25H has been shown to play a role in effectively restricting infection of lung epithelial cells with SARS-Cov-2 through its enzymatic product, 25HC, which depletes accessible membrane cholesterol so that the virus is unable to achieve fusion with the cell membrane necessary for entry and infection.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang S, Li W, Hui H, Tiwari SK, Zhang Q, Croker BA, Rawlings S, Smith D, Carlin AF, Rana TM | display-authors = 6 | title = Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses by depleting membrane cholesterol | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 39 | issue = 21 | pages = e106057 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 32944968 | pmc = 7537045 | doi = 10.15252/embj.2020106057 | url = }}</ref>

It has been proposed, based on experimental research in both mice and human cell culture, that 25HC is a potent [[senolytic]]. Further research needs to elaborate on this research and reveal its true significance to aging.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Limbad|first1=Chandani|last2=Doi|first2=Ryosuke|last3=McGirr|first3=Julia|last4=Ciotlos|first4=Serban|last5=Perez|first5=Kevin|last6=Clayton|first6=Zachary S.|last7=Daya|first7=Radha|last8=Seals|first8=Douglas R.|last9=Campisi|first9=Judith|last10=Melov|first10=Simon|date=February 2022|title=Senolysis induced by 25-hydroxycholesterol targets CRYAB in multiple cell types|journal=iScience|volume=25 |issue=2 |language=en|pages=103848|doi=10.1016/j.isci.2022.103848|pmid=35198901 |pmc=8851282 |bibcode=2022iSci...25j3848L |s2cid=246502031 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lund EG, Kerr TA, Sakai J, Li WP, Russell DW | title = cDNA cloning of mouse and human cholesterol 25-hydroxylases, polytopic membrane proteins that synthesize a potent oxysterol regulator of lipid metabolism | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 273 | issue = 51 | pages = 34316–27 | date = December 1998 | pmid = 9852097 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34316 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen JJ, Lukyanenko Y, Hutson JC | title = 25-hydroxycholesterol is produced by testicular macrophages during the early postnatal period and influences differentiation of Leydig cells in vitro | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 66 | issue = 5 | pages = 1336–41 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 11967195 | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod66.5.1336 | doi-access =  | s2cid = 22637279 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lukyanenko Y, Chen JJ, Hutson JC | title = Testosterone regulates 25-hydroxycholesterol production in testicular macrophages | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 67 | issue = 5 | pages = 1435–8 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12390873 | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod.102.007575 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fox BG, Shanklin J, Ai J, Loehr TM, Sanders-Loehr J | title = Resonance Raman evidence for an Fe-O-Fe center in stearoyl-ACP desaturase. Primary sequence identity with other diiron-oxo proteins | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 33 | issue = 43 | pages = 12776–86 | date = November 1994 | pmid = 7947683 | doi = 10.1021/bi00209a008 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Russell DW | title = The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis | journal = Annual Review of Biochemistry | volume = 72 | pages = 137–74 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12543708 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712 }}
{{refend}}

{{Dioxygenases}}
{{Enzymes}}
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[[Category:EC 1.14.99]]
[[Category:Enzymes of unknown structure]]


{{1.14-enzyme-stub}}
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