Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Christian egalitarianism

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Belief in gender equality based in Christianity}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Religious text primary|date=October 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{original research|date=August 2021}}
}}
{{Christianity and gender|positions}}
'''Christian egalitarianism''', also known as '''biblical equality.''' Christian egalitarians believe that the [[Bible]] advocates for [[gender equality]] and often allows women to be a part of the [[clergy]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Roat|first=Alyssa|date=5 July 2019|title=What Are Complementarianism and Egalitarianism? What's the Difference?|url=https://www.christianity.com/wiki/christian-terms/what-are-complementarianism-and-egalitarianism-what-s-the-difference.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-15|website=Christianity.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130204827/https://www.christianity.com/wiki/christian-terms/what-are-complementarianism-and-egalitarianism-what-s-the-difference.html |archive-date=2020-01-30 }}</ref> In contrast to other views such as [[complementarianism|complementarianisim]] and [[Biblical patriarchy|Christian patriarchy]] Egalitarians believe in a form of mutual submission in which all people submit to each other in relationships and institutions as a code of conduct without a need for [[hierarchy|hierarchical]] authority.<ref>Padgett, Alan G. "What Is Biblical Equality?" ''Priscilla Papers'', Summer 2002: 16:3 Padgett is professor of Systematic Theology at Luther Seminary, St. Paul, MN.</ref>

==Gender equality==
It refers to a biblically-based belief that gender, in and of itself, neither privileges nor curtails a believer's gifting or calling to any ministry in the church or home. It does not imply that [[women]] and [[men]] are identical or undifferentiated, but affirms that God designed men and women to complement and benefit one another.<ref>Groothuis, Rebecca Merrill. "The Bible and Gender Equality." [http://www.cbeinternational.org Christians for Biblical Equality Web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221060055/http://www.cbeinternational.org/ |date=2015-02-21 }}</ref><ref name="Linda Belleville">{{cite book|author1=Linda Belleville|author-link1=Women in Ministry: an egalitarian perspective|editor1-last=Beck|editor1-first=James R.|title=Two views on women in ministry|date=2009|publisher=Zondervan Academic |isbn=978-0-310-86451-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXcMvBsrMLgC&q=biblical+views+of+women|accessdate=4 May 2018}}</ref>

Egalitarian beliefs are held by many denominations including but not limited to [[Quaker]]s, [[The United Methodist Church|United Methodist Churches]], The Presbyterian Church (USA), The Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians (ECO), [[American Baptist Churches USA|Northern Baptists]], [[Church of the Nazarene]], [[Wesleyan Church]], [[The Salvation Army]], [[Evangelical Covenant Church|The Evangelical Covenant Church]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.covchurch.org/wc/2011/07/what-do-you-think/|title="What do you think?" - Worship Connect|date=2011-07-15|work=Worship Connect|access-date=2017-10-19|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019220703/http://blogs.covchurch.org/wc/2011/07/what-do-you-think/|archive-date=2017-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref> and some Pentecostal churches such as the [[Assemblies of God]], [[The Foursquare Church]], and [[United Church of God]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

== Biblical justifications ==
All three Synoptic Gospels record Jesus as saying:
{{Quotation|You know that the rulers of the Gentiles ''lord it over'' them, and their high officials ''exercise authority'' over them. But it shall not be so among you.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|20:25–26||Mt 20:25–26a}}, {{bibleverse|Mk|10:42}}, {{bibleverse|Lk|22:25}}</ref>}} 

According to Clive Marsh and Steve Moyise, while "lord it over" implies abusive leadership, Jesus' words "exercise authority" have no connotation of abuse of authority.<ref>Marsh, Clive, Steve Moyise. ''Jesus and the Gospels.'' Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006. {{ISBN|0-567-04073-9}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=August 2021}}

The [[Apostle Paul]] wrote:
{{quotation|There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.|{{Bibleref2|Galatians|3:28}}}}

Christian egalitarians' interpretation of scriptures and spiritual convictions bring them to the conclusion that the manner and teaching of Jesus ''abolished'' [[discrimination]] against racial minorities, slaves, and women in both the church and marriage. They believe that the Bible teaches the fundamental equality of believers of all racial and ethnic groups and all economic classes.<ref>http://www.spiritrestoration.org/Church/ministry-profile-christians-for-biblical-equality.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527122358/http://spiritrestoration.org/Church/ministry-profile-christians-for-biblical-equality.htm |date=2010-05-27 }} Christians for Biblical Equality</ref>{{Primary inline|date=October 2015}}{{Self-published inline|date=October 2015}} They consider overarching principles of the [[Bible]] to be that [[Gender equality|men and women are equally created]] in God's image, equally responsible for sin, equally redeemed by Christ, and equally gifted by God's Spirit for service and held responsible for using their God-given gifts.<ref>Edwards, B. (2011) ''Let My People Go: A Call to End the Oppression of Women in the Church.'' Charleston, SC: Createspace. {{ISBN|978-1-4664-0111-2}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=August 2021}}

Each of the six times [[Aquila and Priscilla|Aquila and his wife Priscilla]] are mentioned by name in the New Testament, they are listed together as a couple. Their order of appearance alternates in a perfect odd-even equality, with each mentioned first three times. Aquila appears first in the first, third and fifth mentions, and Priscilla (Prisca) first in the second, fourth and sixth mentions.<ref>{{bibleverse||Acts|18:2|KJV}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Acts|18:18|KJV}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Acts|18:26|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Romans|16:3|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|16:19|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|2|Timothy|4:19|KJV}} Authorized Version</ref>{{Original research inline|date=August 2021}} Some revisions of the Bible put Priscilla rather than Aquila first, in Acts 18:26, following the Vulgate and a few Greek texts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://studybible.info/compare/Acts%2018:26 |title=Acts 18:26 multi-version |access-date=2014-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729031752/http://studybible.info/compare/Acts%2018:26 |archive-date=2014-07-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Original research inline|date=August 2021}} Some scholars suggest that Priscilla was the head of the family unit.<ref>{{cite book |last=Achtenmeier |first=P.J. |title=HarperCollins Bible Dictionary |publisher=HarperCollins |edition=revised |year=1996 |page=882 |isbn=0-06-060037-3}}</ref>

Christian egalitarianism holds that all people are equal in fundamental worth and moral status. It is influenced by the Christian belief that humankind were created in the living [[image of God]] ''(Imago Dei)''.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

Egalitarians argue that Jesus Christ did not conform to a mentality unfavorable to women, but reacted against inequalities based on sexual differences.<ref>Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. ''Woman in the World of Jesus.'' Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978</ref>{{Page needed|date=August 2021}}

Illustrative of efforts to institutionalize this belief  are these excerpts from the organizational ''Statement of Faith'' of [[Christians for Biblical Equality]], a major Christian Egalitarian organization:
{{quotation|
* We believe in the equality and essential dignity of men and women of all ethnicities, ages, and classes. We recognize that all persons are made in the image of God and are to reflect that image in the community of believers, in the home, and in society.
* We believe that men and women are to diligently develop and use their God-given gifts for the good of the home, church and society.|[[Christians for Biblical Equality]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbeinternational.org/new/about/who_we_are.shtml#statement |title=Statement of Faith |accessdate=2007-02-11 |publisher=Christians for Biblical Equality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203015318/http://www.cbeinternational.org/new/about/who_we_are.shtml#statement |archive-date=2007-02-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

==History==
[[File:Anna Oliver.jpg|thumb|right|Anna Oliver, a Methodist who demanded full clergy rights for women in 1880<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gcah.org/history/biographies/anna-oliver |title=Anna Oliver - GCAH |access-date=2019-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124405/http://www.gcah.org/history/biographies/anna-oliver |archive-date=2019-02-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

The first organization whose purpose was advocating Christian egalitarianism was "Men, Women and God", established in the United Kingdom in 1984. The American organization [[Christians for Biblical Equality]] was established by [[evangelicals]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|title=CBE's History|url=http://www.cbeinternational.org/content/cbes-history|website=CBE International|accessdate=4 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125032157/http://www.cbeinternational.org/content/cbes-history|archive-date=25 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2021}}

== Egalitarian anthropologies ==
Titled in accordance with [[Rosemary Radford Ruether]]'s work in Christian theology, Egalitarian anthropologies explore varying views of gender equality in Christianity. These include [[Eschatology|eschatological]] feminism, [[liberal feminism]], and romantic feminism. According to Ruether, the commonality among these anthropologies is the belief that gender equality was the original intention of God and that it was somehow skewed by humanity. Ruether goes on to point out that the belief in the ideal of gender equality "leaves room for considerable variation in relating this equality to woman's present subjugated state in history under patriarchy."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Sexism and God-Talk|last=Ruether|first=Rosemary Radford|publisher=Beacon Press|year=1986|isbn=0-8070-1205-X|location=Boston, MA|pages=99–109}}</ref> In the preceding statement, Ruether qualifies the need for further exploration into the following anthropologies.<ref name=":0" />

=== Eschatological feminism ===
Ruether connects eschatological feminism to [[mysticism]] and [[asceticism]] by way of its roots in [[transcendentalism]]. Her assertion is that the original human, Adam, was androgynous and that "[[Fall of man|the fall]]" was the initial creation of gender.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Ruether|first=Rose Radford|date=2014|title=Sexism and Misogyny in the Christian Tradition: Liberating Alternatives|journal=Buddhist-Christian Studies|volume=34|pages=83–94|doi=10.1353/bcs.2014.0020|s2cid=170368449}}</ref> She reaffirms this point in a later article, "Sexism and [[Misogyny]] in the Christian Tradition: Liberating Alternatives", referencing [[Galatians 3:28]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+3:28&version=NIV|title=Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 3:28 - New International Version|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=2017-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026110430/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+3:28&version=NIV|archive-date=2017-10-26|url-status=live}}</ref> saying that through baptism androgyny is restored.<ref name=":1" /> Sexuality, the main division between genders, is said to be the root of female subordination. Relationships that are typically rooted in sexuality (marriage and motherhood) place women in roles that are subordinate in accordance with society's patriarchal norms. The path to equality is believed to be found when women transcend these roles—traditionally through celibacy (as seen in the life of Paul<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Corinthians%207|title=Bible Gateway passage: 1 Corinthians 7 - New International Version|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=2017-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026162635/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Corinthians%207|archive-date=2017-10-26|url-status=live}}</ref>). Transcending worldly norms, which the [[Bible]] instructs Christians to do,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+12:2&version=ESV|title=Bible Gateway passage: Romans 12:2 - English Standard Version|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=2017-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111348/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+12:2&version=ESV|archive-date=2017-10-26|url-status=live}}</ref> brings men and women to the state of [[androgyny]] that eliminates gender subordination; thus, Christianity is intended to manifest [[gender equality]]. Ruether says that [[Transcendence (religion)|transcendence]] is the core of eschatological feminism; women reach equality with men by separating from the world, rather than changing it.<ref name=":0" />

=== Liberal feminism ===
Liberal feminism rejects the notion that creation established the patriarchy; Ruether asserts that gender equality originally existed, but was distorted by historical injustices against women. This branch of egalitarianism dictates that gender equality must be restored rather than introduced. This restoration will be accomplished by economic, political, social, and systemic reformation. Ruether includes the church in her discussion of social reform, displaying its participation in gender subordination. Ruether continues saying, "The Church as a bearer of redeemed humanity ought especially to represent this equality of men and women in its institutional life. But it does so as a paradigm of what all social institutions should become, not as a representative of an eschatological humanity outside of and beyond history."<ref name=":0" /> Here she distinguishes liberal from eschatological feminism stating that liberal feminism calls for liberation within society, rather than removal from it.<ref name=":0" />

=== Romantic feminism ===
Ruether states that in romantic feminism the distinction between genders is found primarily in "spiritual" traits. Ruether references a sixteenth century humanist, [[Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa|Cornelius Agrippa]], saying that women have an "affinity with divine Wisdom that gives them moral and spiritual superiority".<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Montanist Oracles and Testimonia|last=Heine|first=Ronald E.|publisher=Mercer University Press|year=1989|location=Macon, Georgia|pages=130}}</ref> Women are perceived to be innately altruistic, sensitive, and pure—traits that are considered morally superior compared to "male traits". Ruether continues saying that men and women are both inherently capable of goodness, but because of the patriarchy placing men into positions of power, more negative character traits are manifested (pride, aggression, dominance, etc.). Since women are not allowed into positions of power, Ruether supposes that they retain humanity's natural goodness.<ref name=":0" /> Romantic feminism contains varying ideologies in itself which are as follows.

==== Conservative romanticism ====
According to Ruether, conservative romanticism suggests that women remain in the home in order to maintain their goodness. Ruether says, "If a woman leaves the home to take up a traditional male occupation, she will straightaway lose this good femininity and become a she-male, a monstrous virago, or will become debased to carnal femaleness, fallen woman." In one survey conducted in 1999, a researcher concluded based on participants' responses, "Even though husbands were not always the sole providers, for the majority of men they remained symbolically so, such that women's employment was nearly always described as secondary, even expendable, in light of wives' responsibility to rear and nurture children."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gallagher|first1=Sally K.|last2=Smith|first2=Christian|date=1999|title=Symbolic Traditionalism and Pragmatic Egalitarianism: Contemporary Evangelicals, Families, and Gender|jstor=190389|journal=Gender and Society|volume=13|issue=2|pages=211–233|doi=10.1177/089124399013002004|s2cid=146555827}}</ref> Conservative romanticism opposes gender equality in the work force in order to better preserve traditional roles in the home. Women's innate goodness makes her the ideal candidate to raise children and to support the husband. In turn, this spousal support allows the husband to perform better in the workforce; this trickle effect of women sending good husbands and sons into the world is how conservative romantics suppose women make an impact.<ref name=":0" />

==== Reformist romanticism ====
Reformist romanticism aligns with conservative romanticism except in the reformist belief that the inherent goodness of women cannot be lost by equality in society. Ruether says that this ideology prescribes women to morally reform men and male-centric institutions, but to do so they require education, voting rights, and political power. Reformist romanticism believes that the innate goodness of women is needed in leadership positions to improve the nature of the world. It is also believed that the nature of women is incompatible with war and that under female leadership, the world would be at peace.<ref name=":0" />

==== Radical romanticism ====
Radical feminism rejects the entirety of male culture and debates whether males can be redeemed at all. Ruether says that radical feminists desire a utopian society completely independent from males in which women's inherent goodness is unimpeded by male inferiority.<ref name=":0" />

==Criticism==

===Roman Catholic Church===
The [[Roman Catholic Church]] has formally opposed ''[[radical egalitarianism]]'' and has stated that the differences between men and women are not merely phenomenal but are in fact ontological in nature.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/update/bn073104.htm |title=National Catholic Reporter |access-date=2009-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516221850/http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/update/bn073104.htm |archive-date=2008-05-16 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In his 2004 ''Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Collaboration of Men and Women in the Church and in the World'', Cardinal [[Joseph Ratzinger]] warned against a related tendency to see gender as culturally constructed, which has generated "a new model of polymorphous sexuality", which reflects an "attempt to be free from one’s biological conditioning".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vis.pcn.net/doc/040731x_en.htm |title=VIS |access-date=2009-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005113224/http://www.vis.pcn.net/doc/040731x_en.htm |archive-date=2008-10-05 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Complementarianism ===
While Christian egalitarians believe that the [[Bible]] portrays mostly egalitarian views, with the exception of a few contextually relativized patriarchal texts, [[Complementarianism|complementarians]] oppose this viewpoint. As a response to the upcoming of evangelical feminism and egalitarianism in the 20th century, prominent theologians and scholars such as [[John Piper (theologian)|John Piper]], [[Wayne Grudem]], [[Raymond C. Ortlund Jr.]], [[James A. Borland]], [[Thomas R. Schreiner]], [[D. A. Carson]], [[S. Lewis Johnson]], [[George W. Knight III]], [[Douglas J. Moo]], [[John Frame (theologian)|John Frame]] and [[Vern Sheridan Poythress]] contributed to [[Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood]], in which they discuss and rebut most egalitarian viewpoints, such as the use of [[Galatians 3:28]] to defend fundamental equality.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77531152|title=Recovering biblical manhood & womanhood : a response to Evangelical feminism|date=2006|others=John Piper, Wayne A. Grudem|isbn=978-1-58134-806-4|location=Wheaton, Ill.|oclc=77531152}}</ref>

In 1988, the [[Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood|Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (CBMW)]] published the [[Danvers Statement]] as a response to the "widespread uncertainty and confusion in our culture regarding the complementary differences between masculinity and femininity", directly opposing feminist egalitarian beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 1988|title=The Danvers Statement|url=https://cbmw.org/about/danvers-statement/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-11|website=CBMW|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929021257/http://cbmw.org/about/danvers-statement/ |archive-date=2015-09-29 }}</ref> Similar to the [[Danvers Statement]], CBMW published the 2017 [[Nashville Statement]], affirming [[Sex differences in humans|differences between male and female]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nashville Statement|url=https://cbmw.org/nashville-statement/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=CBMW}}</ref> In its ''Foundation Documents'', [[The Gospel Coalition]] confesses that "men and women are not simply interchangeable, but rather they complement each other in mutually enriching ways".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foundation Documents of The Gospel Coalition|url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/about/foundation-documents/|access-date=2021-08-11|website=The Gospel Coalition|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Prominent Christian egalitarians ==
* [[William Booth|William]] and [[Catherine Booth]], founders of the [[The Salvation Army|Salvation Army]]. William Booth once said of the Salvation Army's workforce "Some of my best men are women!"
* [[Aimee Semple McPherson]], founder of [[Angelus Temple]]
* [[Gilbert Bilezikian]], author of ''Beyond Sex Roles'' (1985), ''Christianity 101'' (1993)
* [[Greg Boyd (theologian)|Greg Boyd]], theologian and Senior Pastor of the Woodland Hills Church in [[St. Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]], [[Minnesota]], author of ''Myth of a Christian Religion: Losing your Religion for the Beauty of a Revolution'' (2009)
* [[F. F. Bruce]], biblical scholar and professor of biblical criticism and exegesis
* [[Shane Claiborne]]
* [[Catherine Clark Kroeger]], co-founder of CBE International; co-editor of ''The IVP Women's Bible Commentary'' (2002); co-author of ''Women, Abuse and the Bible'' (1996), ''I suffer not a Woman'' (1998)
* [[Gordon Fee]], contributing editor to ''Discovering Biblical Equality'' (2004)
* [[George Fox]]
* [[Kevin Giles]], vicar of St. Michael's Church in North Carlton, Australia, in the [[Anglican Church of Australia]]; author of ''Jesus and the Father: Modern Evangelicals Reinvent the Doctrine of the Trinity'' (2006)
* [[Stanley Grenz]], author of ''Women in the Church'' (1995)
* Mimi Haddad, President of CBE International,<ref>[https://www.cbeinternational.org/persons/mimi-haddad Mimi Haddad]</ref> (2009-present), adjunct associate professor of historical theology at [[Fuller Theological Seminary]]; co-author of ''Is Gender Equality a Biblical Ideal?'' (2015), editor and contributing author of ''Global Voices on Biblical Equality: Women and Men Serving Together in the Church'' (2008)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbeinternational.org/content/dr-mimi-haddad |title=Dr. Mimi Haddad &#124; CBE |access-date=2019-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702160033/https://www.cbeinternational.org/content/dr-mimi-haddad |archive-date=2019-07-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Trevor Huddleston]]
*Eddie L. Hyatt, D.Min., author of ''Paul, Women and the Church'' (2016)
* [[Craig S. Keener]], author of ''Paul, Women and Wives'' (1992)
* [[Paul King Jewett]], author of ''Man as Male and Female'' (1975) and ''The Ordination of Women'' (1980)
* [[Scot McKnight]], Karl A. Olsson professor in religious studies at [[North Park University]]; author of ''The Blue Parakeet: Rethinking How you Read the Bible'' (2008)
* [[Roger Nicole]], emeritus professor of theology at [[Reformed Theological Seminary]], [[Orlando, Florida]].
* [[Roger Olson]], professor of theology at George W. Truett Theological Seminary of Baylor University
* [[Carroll D. Osburn]], professor of New Testament language and literature at [[Abilene Christian University]]; author of ''Women in the Church: Reclaiming the Ideal'' (2001)
* [[Joseph Parker (theologian)|Joseph Parker]], author of ''The People's Bible''
* [[Frank Stagg (theologian)|Frank Stagg]], co-author of ''[[Woman in the World of Jesus]]'' (1978) 
* [[William J. Webb]], author of ''Slaves, Women and Homosexuals'' (2001)
* [[Ben Witherington III]], professor of New Testament interpretation at [[Asbury Theological Seminary]]; author of ''Women in the Earliest Churches'' (1988) and ''Women and the Genesis of Christianity'' (1990)
* [[N.T. Wright]], English New Testament scholar, Pauline theologian and Anglican bishop

== See also ==
* [[Catharism#Role of women]]
* [[Christian views on marriage]]
* [[Ordination of women#Christianity|Christian views on the ordination of women]]
* [[Christians for Biblical Equality]], an egalitarian organization
* [[Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood]], a complementarian organization
* [[Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus]]
* [[Quaker views on women]]
* [[Women in Christianity]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.cbeinternational.org Christians for Biblical Equality, promoter of Christian Egalitarianism]

[[Category:Christian ethics|Marriage, Christian view of]]
[[Category:Christian feminism|Egalitarianism]]
[[Category:Egalitarianism]]
[[Category:Gender and Christianity]]
[[Category:Marriage in Christianity]]
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