Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Chula Chakrabongse

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Member of the Thai royal family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name            = Chula Chakrabongse
| image           =  พระองค์เจ้าจุลจักรพงษ์.png
| caption         = Prince Chula Chakrabongse in 1920
| othertitles     =
| spouse          = {{marriage|Elisabeth Curling Hunter|1938}}
| issue           = [[Narisa Chakrabongse]]
| royal house     = {{c|Chakrabongse family}} {{small|([[Chakri dynasty]])}}
| father          = [[Chakrabongse Bhuvanath]]
| mother          = [[Catherine Desnitski]]
| birth_date      = {{birth date|df=yes|1908|03|28}}
| birth_place     = [[Paruskavan Palace]], [[Bangkok]], [[Siam]]
| death_date      = {{death date and age|1963|12|30|1908|03|28|df=yes}}
| death_place     = [[Cornwall]], [[England]]
| signature       =
| module          = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
| allegiance      = {{flag|Thailand}}
| branch          = [[Royal Thai Army]]
| rank            = [[File:RTA OF-7 (Major General).svg|10px]] [[Military ranks of the Thai armed forces|Major General]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2502/D/087/2148_1.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810174140/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2502/D/087/2148_1.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 August 2018|format=PDF|title=PDF File|website=Ratchakitcha.doc.go.th|access-date=6 July 2022}}</ref>
}}
}}

'''Chula Chakrabongse''' ({{lang-th|จุลจักรพงษ์}}; {{RTGS|Chunlachakkraphong}}; 28 March 1908 – 30 December 1963), was a member of the family of the [[Chakri dynasty]] of [[Thailand]] and of the House of Chakkraphong. He was the only child of Prince [[Chakrabongse Bhuvanath]] and his Ukrainian wife [[Catherine Desnitski]] (later Mom Catherine Na Phitsanulok). He was a grandson of King [[Chulalongkorn]].

== Early life and education ==
[[File:Chakrabongse Bhuvanath, Chula Chakrabongse and Ekaterina.jpg|thumb|left|Chakrabongse Bhuvanath, Prince of Phitsanulok, Prince Chula Chakrabongse and Ekaterina Ivanovna Desnitskaya]]

Prince Chula Chakrabongse was born on 28 March 1908 in [[Paruskavan Palace]], [[Bangkok]], with the title [[Mom Chao]] (''His Serene Highness''). [[Saovabha Phongsri]], his grandmother, gave him the name ''Phongchak'' (พงษ์จักร; {{rtgs|Phongchak}}). Later his uncle, [[Vajiravudh|King Vajiravudh]], raised him the higher rank of ''Phra Chao Worawong Thoe Phra Ong Chao'' (''His Royal Highness'' Prince) and changed his name to ''Chunlachakkraphong''. Palace officials affectionately called him "the Little Prince" ({{linktext|ท่าน|พระองค์|หนู}} ''Than Phraong Nu'').

When very young, Prince Chula was sent to study in the [[United Kingdom]], where he spent his teenage years, attending [[Harrow School]]. He graduated with Bachelor and Master from [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College, University of Cambridge]].

There is a granite drinking bowl at Mitchem's Corner in Cambridge, donated in 1934 in memory of Prince Chula's dog called Tony.

==Possibility of crown==
King [[Prajadhipok]] ([[Rama (King of Thailand)|Rama]] VII) abdicated in 1935 due to political quarrels with the new quasi-democratic government as well as health problems. The king decided to abstain from exercising his prerogative to name a successor to the throne. By that time, the crown had already passed from Prince Mahidol's line to that of his half-brother's when his eldest full brother, [[Crown Prince of Thailand|Crown Prince]] Maha [[Vajirunhis]], died as a teenager during King [[Chulalongkorn]]'s reign. A half-brother, Prince [[Vajiravudh]] (as the next eldest) replaced Prince Vajirunhis as the crown prince. He eventually succeeded to the throne in 1910 as King Rama VI. In 1924 the king instituted the [[1924 Palace Law of Succession|Palace Law of Succession]] in order to govern subsequent successions. The law gave priority to the children of his mother Queen Regent [[Saovabha Phongsri]] over the children of King Chulalongkorn's two other royal wives. The law was enacted on the death of King Vajiravudh in 1925 and the crown passed to his youngest brother, Prince [[Prajadhipok]] of [[Sukhothai Province|Sukhothai]].

Offering the throne to Prince [[Prajadhipok]] was not without a debate. In doing so, another candidate was bypassed: Prince Chula Chakrabongse, son of the late Field Marshal Prince [[Chakrabongse Bhuvanath]] of [[Phitsanulok]], who before his death had been the heir-apparent to King [[Vajiravudh]]. It was questioned whether the Succession Law enacted by King Vajiravudh actually barred Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath (and for that matter, Prince Chula Chakrabongse) from succession on the grounds that he married a foreigner ([[Russians|Russian]]). However, his marriage had taken place before this law was enacted and had been endorsed by King Chulalongkorn himself. There was no clear resolution, but in the end the many candidates were passed over and Prince Prajadhipok was enthroned.

When King Prajadhipok later abdicated, since he was the last remaining son of Queen Saovabha, the crown went back to the sons of the queen whose rank was next to hers: Queen [[Savang Vadhana]], mother of the late Crown Prince Vajirunahis. Besides the late crown prince, she had two more sons who survived to adulthood: Prince Sommatiwongse Varodaya of [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]], who had died without a son in 1899, and Prince Mahidol who, although deceased, had two living sons. It thus appeared that Prince [[Ananda Mahidol]] would be the first person in the royal line of succession.

Nevertheless, the same debate over the half-foreign Prince Chula Chakrabongse occurred again. It was argued that King Vajiravudh had virtually exempted the prince's father from the ban in the Succession Law, and the crown might thus be passed to him.

However, since the kingdom was now governed under a constitution, it was the [[Cabinet of Thailand|cabinet]] that would decide. Opinion was split on the right to succession of Prince Chula Chakrabongse. A key figure was [[Pridi Phanomyong]], who persuaded the cabinet that the Law should be interpreted as excluding the prince from succession, and that Prince Ananda Mahidol should be the next king. It also appeared more convenient for the government to have a monarch who was only nine years old and studying in Switzerland. On 2 March 1935, Prince Ananda Mahidol was elected by the National Assembly and the Thai government to succeed his uncle, King [[Prajadhipok]], as the eighth king of the Chakri dynasty.

== Later life ==
[[File:Chula Chakrabongse and Elizabeth Hunter 1936.jpg|thumb|230px|left|Prince Chula with Elizabeth Hunter in 1936]]
In 1938 he married Elizabeth Hunter, an English woman (known as Lisba). Their daughter, [[Narisa Chakrabongse|Mom Rajawongse Narisa Chakrabhongse]], was born in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soravij.com/chakrabongse.html|title=Chakrabongse|last=Soravij|website=Soravij.com|access-date=24 May 2009|archive-date=27 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927120408/http://www.soravij.com/chakrabongse.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~royalty/thailand/i30.html HRH Prince Chula CHAKRABONGSE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306225849/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~royalty/thailand/i30.html |date=6 March 2018 }}. genealogy.rootsweb.com</ref> They lived at [[Tredethy]], [[St Mabyn]], in Cornwall, in the 1940s and 1950s.<ref>{{cite web |url =  http://www.busby.net/nzca/NZCA_NLvol380Jan09.pdf |title=New Zealand Cornish Association newsletter|access-date=24 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913112035/http://www.busby.net/nzca/NZCA_NLvol380Jan09.pdf|archive-date=13 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

When Prince Chula's cousin Prince [[Birabongse Bhanudej]] ("B. Bira") went to England in 1927, Chula was supervising a racing team called ''[[:File:BiraMouse.jpg|White Mouse Racing]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soravij.com/bira.html|title=His Highness (Pra Worawongse Ther Pra Ong Chao) Prince Birabongse Bhanutej|website=Soravij.com|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=13 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413165257/http://www.soravij.com/bira.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Prince Bira decided to drive for him.

In 1936 Chula's White Mouse team purchased an [[English Racing Automobiles|ERA]] for Bira, and he quickly became one of the leading exponents of this class of international racing. Bira's partnership with Chula ended in late 1948.

Prince Chula was the author of thirteen books, including a history of the Chakri dynasty, a biography about the race-car driver [[Richard Seaman]] and an autobiography.
One notable book Prince Chula wrote in 1935, “Wheels At Speed,” recorded his cousin Bira's first try as a race-car driver. The book was originally intended as a book for only friends and family, but after a few copies went public, interest in the book, increased. Publishers G. T. Foulis re-issued the book ten years after it was first written. MG aficionados will enjoy Wheels at Speed.

== Death ==
Prince Chula died of cancer in 1963 at the age of 55.

==Honours==
===Thai===
* [[File:Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]]  [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri|Knight of The Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri]] (19 February 1933)
* [[File:Order of Chula Chom Klao - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]]  [[Order of Chula Chom Klao|Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao]]
* [[File:Order of the White Elephant - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]] [[Order of the White Elephant|Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Order of the White Elephant]]
* [[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]] [[Order of the Crown of Thailand|Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Order of the Crown of Thailand]]
* [[File:King Rama VI Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]]  King Rama VI Royal Cypher Medal, Third Class
* [[File:King Rama VII Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]]  King Rama VII Royal Cypher Medal, First Class
* [[File:King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]]  King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal, First Class
* [[File:King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|80px]]  King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal, First Class

===Foreign===
* [[File:CZE Rad Bileho Lva 3 tridy BAR.svg|80px]] [[Order of the White Lion|Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion]] ([[Czechoslovakia]], 20 January 1938)
* [[File:UK Royal Victorian Order honorary member ribbon.svg|80px]] [[Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]] ([[United Kingdom]], 2 February 1938<ref>{{cite news |title = PRINCE OF SIAM VISITS KING, Invested With Order |url = https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/70579618 |access-date=4 September 2018 |work=Central Queensland Herald |date=10 February 1938 }}</ref>)
* [[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|80px]] [[Venerable Order of St John|Associate Officer Brother of the Order of St John]] ([[United Kingdom]], 15 January 1960<ref>{{cite news |title = London Gazette |url = https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/41930/page/445 |access-date=12 June 2021 |date=15 January 1960|website=Thegazette.co.uk }}</ref>)

== Works ==
; Autobiography
* {{cite book|url=http://dl.parliament.go.th/bitstream/handle/lirt/361254/2532_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C.pdf|author=Chula Chakrabongse|title=Koet Wang Parut|script-title=th:เกิดวังปารุสก์|trans-title=Born in Parut Palace|year=1989|edition=10th|language=th|location=Bangkok|publisher=Phitsanulok Publishing|isbn=9748693856|access-date=16 July 2015|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014010752/https://dl.parliament.go.th/bitstream/handle/lirt/361254/2532_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|author=Chula Chakrabongse|title=The Twain Have Met: Or, an Eastern Prince Came West |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ic8LAAAAIAAJ |year=1957 |publisher=Foulis|oclc=11760365 }}

; Other works
* {{cite book|url=http://dl.parliament.go.th/bitstream/handle/lirt/386542/2536_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C.pdf|author=Chula Chakrabongse|title=Chao Chiwit Sayam Kon Yuk Prachathipatai|script-title=th:เจ้าชีวิตสยามก่อนยุคประชาธิปไตย|trans-title=Siamese Lords of Life Prior to Democratic Age|year=1993|edition=4th|language=th|location=Bangkok|publisher=River Books|isbn=9748358844}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book |author=Chula Chakrabongse |title=Dick Seaman, Racing Motorist |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yv_RnQEACAAJ |edition=4th|year=1945|publisher=G. T. Foulis & Company}}
* {{cite book|author=Chula Chakrabongse|author-link=Chula Chakrabongse|title=Lords of Life: A History of the Kings of Thailand |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mT0CnQEACAAJ |year=1967|publisher=Alvin Redman}}
* {{cite book |author=Chula Chakrabongse (writing as Prince Chula of Siam). |author-link=Chula Chakrabongse |title=Road Racing 1936: Being an Account of One Season of B. Bira, the Racing Motorist |year=1946|edition=2nd|language=en |location=London|publisher=G. T. Foulis & Company}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Prince Chula Chakrabongse of Thailand'''
|2= 2. [[Chakrabongse Bhuvanath|Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath, Prince of Bishnulok]]
|3= 3. [[Catherine Desnitski]]
|4= 4. [[Chulalongkorn|King Chulalongkorn, Rama V of Siam]]
|5= 5. [[Saovabha Phongsri|Princess Saovabha Phongsri of Siam]]
|6= 6. Ivan Stepanovich Desnitsky
|7= 7. Maria Mikhailovna Khizhnyakova
|8= 8. (=10.) [[Mongkut|King Mongkut, Rama IV of Siam]] 
|9= 9. [[Debsirindra|Princess Ramphoei Sirivongse]]
|10= 10. (=8.) [[Mongkut|King Mongkut, Rama IV of Siam]]
|11= 11. [[Piyamavadi|Piam Sucharitakul]]
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Chula Chakrabongse}}

{{Thai princes}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Thai sort key not needed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chula Chakrabongse}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Thai historians]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Chakrabongse family]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao]]
[[Category:People educated at Harrow School]]
[[Category:Thai male Mom Chao]]
[[Category:Thai male Phra Ong Chao]]
[[Category:Thai people of Ukrainian descent]]
[[Category:20th-century Chakri dynasty]]
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