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{{More citations needed|date=November 2009}}
{{use mdy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{climate chart
| San Diego
| 47.0 | 66.1 | 1.98
| 49.3| 67.0 | 2.27
| 53.2 | 67.6 | 1.81
| 55.9 | 67.5 | 0.78
| 59.4 | 68.5 | 0.12
| 62.0 | 70.8 | 0.07
| 65.4 | 75.0 | 0.03
| 66.7 | 76.0 | 0.02
| 65.0 | 76.0 | 0.15
| 61.0 | 72.8 | 0.57
| 54.0 | 69.0 | 1.01
| 45.4 | 64.7 | 1.53
| units = imperial
| float = right
| clear = none
| source = NWS<ref name = "NOAA">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/climate/san-san-month.htm |title=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency: San Diego climate by month |publisher=Wrh.noaa.gov |accessdate=May 4, 2011}}</ref>}}

The '''climate of [[San Diego, California]]''' is classified as a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csa''). The basic climate features hot, sunny, and dry summers, and cooler, wetter winters. However, San Diego is much more arid than typical Mediterranean climates, and winters are still dry compared with most other zones with this type of climate.<ref>{{cite journal|author=M. Kottek|author2=J. Grieser |author3=C. Beck |author4=B. Rudolf |author5=F. Rubel |title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorol. Z.|volume=15|pages=259–263|url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|accessdate=April 22, 2009|year=2006|issue=3 |bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K }}</ref> The climate at [[San Diego International Airport]], the location for official weather reports for San Diego, as well as the climate at most beach areas, straddles the border between [[BSh]] and [[BSk]] due to the mild winters and cool summers in these locations.

==Temperatures==
Average monthly temperatures range from {{convert|57.3|F}} in January to {{convert|72|F}} in August.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018|reason=Information not cited}} On average, 344 days a year are hotter than {{convert|60|F|C}}, but only 25 days are hotter than {{convert|80|F|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/California/Places/san-diego-temperatures-by-month-average.php|title=San Diego CA Average Temperatures by Month - Current Results|website=www.currentresults.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref>

Late summer and early autumn are typically the hottest times of the year with an average high of {{convert|78|F|C}} in August and {{convert|77|F|C}} in September.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.intellicast.com/Local/History.aspx?location=USCA0982|title=Intellicast - San Diego Historic Weather Averages in California (92147)|website=www.intellicast.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref> Temperatures occasionally reach {{convert|90|F|C}} or higher.<ref>National-Record High Temp: http://www.vroomvroomvroom.com/maximum-temperatures-in-usa/</ref> Snow and ice are rare in the wintertime, typically occurring only inland from the coast when present.

San Diego experiences [[marine layer]] clouds, most often between May and August, which cause cool temperatures, cloudy weather and [[fog]] in the morning. Marine layer conditions linger until the heat of the sun becomes strong enough to evaporate the clouds. The local sayings "May gray" and "June gloom" refer to the way in which San Diego has the most trouble shaking off the early morning fog during those months, and cool, cloudy conditions often last into the afternoon or even all day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-whither-our-weather-it-depends-on-whether-2010may07-story.html|title=Less May gray and June gloom, but more rain?|last=Union-Tribune|first=San Diego|work=sandiegouniontribune.com|access-date=2018-07-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~iacob/ml_seasonal.html|title=Marine Layer Information|website=meteora.ucsd.edu|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref>

Temperatures soar to very high readings only on rare occasions, chiefly when easterly winds (known as the "[[Santa Ana winds]]") bring hot, dry air from the inland deserts. Although confusing to tourists, newcomers, and out-of-the-region newscasters, this makes October the fire season for San Diego and the rest of Southern California due to low precipitation and sporadic heat waves that the average monthly temperatures do not immediately show. For example, the months with the highest record high temperatures are September at {{convert|111|F|C}} and October at {{convert|107|F|C}}.<ref name=":0" />

The record high temperature at the National Weather Service office in San Diego of {{convert|111|F|C}} was on September 26, 1963. The record low temperature was {{convert|25|F|C}} on January 7, 1913.<ref>http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca7740; http://www.city-data.com/forum/weather/155963-your-record-high-record-low-10.html</ref> The record high temperature was tied only once and happened on September 27, 2010, 47 years and two days after the set record. Several cities near San Diego, including Los Angeles, broke their all-time records that day.<ref name="september 27 2010">{{cite web|last=Enloe|first=Jesse|title=CA All-Time Highest Max Temperature Records set on September 27, 2010|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/records/all-time/maxt/2010/09/27?sts[]=CA#records_look_up|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]|accessdate= December 2, 2012|date=December 2, 2012}}</ref>

==Precipitation==
San Diego on average has 146 sunny days and 117 partly cloudy days a year. The average annual precipitation is less than {{convert|12|in|cm}}, resulting in a borderline [[arid]] climate. Rainfall is strongly concentrated in the cooler half of the year, particularly the months December through March, although precipitation is lower than any other part of the U.S. west coast. While the summer months are virtually rainless, subtropical moisture from the [[North American Monsoon]] usually results in increased humidity and [[thunderstorms]] for at least a few days each summer. Rainfall is highly variable from year to year and from month to month, and San Diego is subject to both [[drought]]s and [[flood]]s. While [[hurricane]]s are very rare, San Diego receives more tropical storms and remnants of tropical storms than anywhere else in California. Famous examples include the [[1858 San Diego Hurricane]] and the [[1939 California tropical storm]], as well as the remnants of [[Hurricane Kathleen (1976)|Hurricane Kathleen]] in 1976, all of which brought several inches of rain and high winds to San Diego. Inland areas like [[El Cajon]] can receive over {{convert|20|in|cm}} per year on average; further inland at higher elevations in the [[Cleveland National Forest]] receive more yet, and some areas like [[Palomar Mountain]] average more than {{convert|40|in|cm}} of rainfall per year.

At the National Weather Service office, there are an average of 41 days with measurable precipitation.  The wettest year was 1941 with {{convert|24.93|in|cm}} and the driest year was 1953 with {{convert|3.23|in|cm}}.  The most rainfall in one month was {{convert|9.09|in|cm}} in January 1993.  The most rainfall in 24 hours was {{convert|3.23|in|cm}} on April 5, 1926.<ref name="wrcc.dri.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca7740|title = SAN DIEGO LINDBERGH FLD, CALIFORNIA - Climate Summary}}</ref>

==Snow ==
Snow has been recorded falling on lowland San Diego communities only five times in over 125 years of record-keeping.<ref>[http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071213-9999-1n13snowday.html "Rowe, P.: "The Day it Snowed on San Diego" San Diego Union-Tribune, December 13, 2007.]</ref>  Snow flurries were last seen in San Diego on February 14, 2008 around {{convert|1700|to|1800|ft}}, and the last measurable snowfall to hit various neighborhoods and suburbs around the city fell on December 13, 1967. In winter, light snow is common in mountainous regions of east and north San Diego County (including Ramona and Julian) above {{convert|3000|–|4000|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/elcentro/recreation/poi/el_cajon.html |title="Snow play" a popular winter activity at Laguna Mountain Recreation Area, Palomar Mountain and Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (Feb 26 2011) |access-date=February 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511160620/http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/elcentro/recreation/poi/el_cajon.html |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Variation==
Climate in the San Diego area often varies dramatically over short geographical distances, due to the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons), thus exhibiting [[microclimate]]: frequently, particularly during the "May gray / June gloom" period, a thick "marine layer" [[cloud]] cover will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine between about {{convert|5|and|15|mi|0}} inland—the cities of [[El Cajon]] and [[Santee, California|Santee]] for example, rarely experience the cloud cover.

==Compared to national averages==
On average, San Diego sees 21 days with some [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] while the rest of the country sees about 110.  The national average for mostly sunny days is 213 while San Diego's is 267. San Diego's annual snowfall is 0&nbsp;inches per year while the nation usually sees an average of {{convert|24.2|in}} per year. The United States average for days above {{convert|90|F}} is 37.9 days while San Diego's is only 2.5 days, and there are, on average 0 days below {{convert|32|F}} in San Diego, while the national average is 88 days. The average low temperature in January for the country is {{convert|26.5|F}}, and for San Diego it is {{convert|50|F}}. The average high temperature in July for San Diego is {{convert|76|F}}. The national average is {{convert|86.8|F}}.<ref name="wrcc.dri.edu"/>

==Data==
{{San Diego weatherbox}}

{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=ncei.noaa.gov/weather/San Diego.tab
| title=San Diego monthly weather statistics
}}

==Sea temperatures==
Average annual temperature of sea is {{convert|65|°F|°C|abbr=on}}, from {{convert|59|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in January to {{convert|72|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in August.<ref name="beachcalifornia.com">[http://www.beachcalifornia.com/beach/california-ocean-temperature.html "Pacific Ocean Temperatures on California Coast"] - beachcalifornia.com</ref> Water temperatures have risen since 1950 as measured at Scripps Pier.<ref name="3degScripps"/>

{|class="wikitable"
|+Average sea temperature<ref name="beachcalifornia.com" />
|-
!'''Jan'''
!'''Feb'''
!'''Mar'''
!'''Apr'''
!'''May'''
!'''Jun'''
!'''Jul'''
!'''Aug'''
!'''Sep'''
!'''Oct'''
!'''Nov'''
!'''Dec'''
|-
|{{convert|59|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|61|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|61|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|62|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|64|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|67|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|70|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|72|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|70|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|68|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|65|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|62|°F|°C|abbr=on}}
|}

==Santa Anas==
The months of September through April bring warm winds from the desert called "[[Santa Ana winds|Santa Anas]]". Occurring about 10 days out of the year, these winds bring sometimes hot, but always dry conditions. Inland, and in mountain passes and canyons, they can burst out in gusts of {{convert|100|mph}} and can lower relative humidity to single digits, although by the coast they rarely see gusts of over {{convert|40|mph}}. They can spread and worsen wildfires. Because these winds blow from east to west, common perception is that they are pulling hot air from the desert. However, it is not uncommon during a Santa Ana condition for the coast to be even hotter than the desert regions. The Santa Ana winds are actually warm due to barometric pressure increases: As the air is pulled down to sea level from the higher altitudes of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains to the east, it is compressed and its temperature rises.<ref>Fovell, Robert, Professor of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, "The Santa Ana Winds FAQ http://people.atmos.ucla.edu/fovell/ASother/mm5/SantaAna/santa_ana_faq.html 2016-03-29</ref>

==Hurricanes==
{{See also|List of California hurricanes}}
Since the track of most hurricanes is well to the south of San Diego, and the cold [[California Current]] (normally sea temperatures are only in the upper 60's F off the CA coast) keeps ocean water significantly colder than in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and western [[Atlantic]] (often sea temperatures over 82 F), tropical cyclones rarely impact San Diego. Most northwestward moving tropical cyclones dissipate over Baja California and fail to bring any precipitation to San Diego. The only tropical cyclone known to impact San Diego as a hurricane in around 200 years of record-keeping was the [[1858 San Diego Hurricane]]. Two more cyclones managed to bring tropical storm-force winds to Southern California: the [[1939 California tropical storm]] and the [[Hurricane Kathleen (1976)]]. Average surface temperature of the water at Scripps Pier in the California Current has increased by almost 3 degrees since 1950, according to scientists at [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]].<ref name="3degScripps">{{cite news|author=Lee, Mike|title=Is global warming changing California Current?|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jun/18/taking-stock-california-current/|date=June 18, 2011|work=U-T (San Diego Union Tribune)|accessdate=June 20, 2011}}</ref>

==May and June clouds==
During the months of May and June, the [[marine layer]] brings cloudiness that covers coastal and nearby inland communities. Some call it "[[May Gray]]", or "[[June Gloom]]".

==Southern Oscillation==
San Diego's wet winter season is influenced by the [[El Niño Southern Oscillation]]. During the El Niño phase, San Diego receives more winter storms with warmer and more humid conditions. During the [[La Niña]] phase, San Diego becomes drier with cooler and less humid conditions.

==Ultraviolet index==
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|+[[Ultraviolet index]]<ref>[https://www.weather-us.com/en/california-usa/san-diego-climate#uv_index Average UV index San Diego, USA] – weather-atlas.com</ref>
|-
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!Year
|-
|style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|4
|style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;"|6
|style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;"|8
|style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;"|9
|style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;"|10
|style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;"|10
|style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;"| 10
|style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;"| 8
|style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;"|6
|style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|4
|style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|6.7
|}

==See also==
*[[Climate of California]]
*[[Horse latitudes]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115438/http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-california/san-diego-weather.asp USTravelWeather.com: San Diego Weather and Climate]

{{San Diego|state=expanded}}
{{ClimateUS}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Climate Of San Diego}}
[[Category:San Diego]]
[[Category:Geography of San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:Climate in the United States by populated place|San Diego, California]]
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