Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Colgan Air Flight 9446

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|2003 aviation accident near Massachusetts, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| occurrence_type = Accident
| name = Colgan Air Flight 9446
| date = August 26, 2003
| type = Maintenance and pilot error<ref name="ANN 09.02.04">{{cite web |url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=f3b2f5f2-09b1-453e-ad95-76e8b00abc42 |title=Errors Piled Up To Doom Colgan Cape Cod Flight |publisher=aero-news.net |date=September 2, 2004 |access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref><ref name="NTSB Full Narrative">{{cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/brief2.aspx?ev_id=20030904X01459&ntsbno=NYC03MA183&akey=1 |title=Full narrative (Colgan Air Flight 9446) |publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |id=NYC03MA183 |date=August 31, 2004 |access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref>
| image = Colgan Air Flight 9446（N240CJ） wreckage.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Wreckage of N240CJ
| site = Near [[Barnstable Municipal Airport]], [[Yarmouth, Massachusetts|Yarmouth]], [[Massachusetts]]
| coordinates = {{coord|41|37|N|70|15|W|type:event|display=inline,title}}<!-- coordinates from NTSB report -->
| origin = [[Barnstable Municipal Airport]], [[Yarmouth, Massachusetts]]
| stopover = 
| stopover0 = 
| last_stopover = 
| destination = [[Albany International Airport]], [[Albany, New York]]
| occupants = 2
| passengers = 0
| crew = 2
| fatalities = 2
| injuries = 
| survivors = 0
| aircraft_type = [[Beechcraft 1900D]]
| aircraft_name = 
| operator = [[Colgan Air]] dba [[US Airways Express]]
| tail_number = N240CJ
| IATA = 9L9446
| ICAO = CJC9446
| callsign = COLGAN 9446
}}
'''Colgan Air Flight 9446''' was a repositioning flight operated by [[Colgan Air]] for [[US Airways Express]]. On August 26, 2003, the [[Beechcraft 1900D]] crashed into water {{convert|300|ft|m}} offshore from [[Yarmouth, Massachusetts]], shortly after taking off from [[Barnstable Municipal Airport]] in [[Hyannis, Massachusetts|Hyannis]].<ref name="ANN 09.02.04"/> Both pilots were killed.<ref name="NTSB Statement 11.21.03">{{cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/Update_on_NTSB_Investigations_into_Recent_Beech_1900D_Accidents_and_Incidents.aspx |title=Update on NTSB Investigations into Recent Beech 1900D Accidents and Incidents |publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |date=November 21, 2003 |access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gouveia|first=Aaron|date=February 13, 2009|title=Buffalo crash airline had Cape crash in 2003|work=[[Cape Cod Times]]|url=http://capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090213/NEWS11/90213002/-1/NEWSMAP|url-status=dead|access-date=February 13, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045706/http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090213%2FNEWS11%2F90213002%2F-1%2FNEWSMAP|archive-date=February 22, 2012}}</ref><ref name="NTSB AAR-04-01 (Air Midwest Flight 5481) Final Report"><!-- This is the NTSB final report for Air Midwest Flight 5481, which describes Colgan Air Flight 8446 as a related accident --> {{cite book|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR0401.pdf|title=Aircraft Accident Report, Loss of Pitch Control During Takeoff, Air Midwest Flight 5481, Raytheon (Beechcraft) 1900D, N233YV, Charlotte, North Carolina, January 8, 2003|publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|id=NTSB/AAR-04/01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217155524/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR0401.pdf|archive-date=February 17, 2015}}</ref>{{rp|85}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Beechcraft 1900D N240CJ Hyannis, MA|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20030826-0|access-date=2020-07-24|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>

==Aircraft and crew==
[[File:Boston - aircraft 03.JPG|thumb|A Colgan Air [[Beechcraft 1900D]], similar to the aircraft involved in the accident]]
Flight 9446 was an unscheduled [[dead mileage|deadhead]] flight of a [[Beechcraft 1900D]] ([[Aircraft registration|registration]] ''{{Airreg|N|240CJ}}'').<ref name="NTSB Statement 11.21.03" /><ref name="Chron 02.13.09">{{cite news |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6262086.html |title=Records show Colgan flights had been fatality free |last1=Babineck |first1=Mark |last2=Hensel |first2=Bill Jr. |newspaper=Houston Chronicle
|date=February 13, 2009 |access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> The aircraft had just finished receiving maintenance and was being repositioned to [[Albany, New York]] to return to revenue service.<ref name="ANN 09.02.04"/><ref name="Chron 02.13.09"/> The two occupants of the plane were its pilots, Captain Scott Knabe (39) and First Officer Steven Dean (38).<ref name="NTSB AAR-04-01 (Air Midwest Flight 5481) Final Report"/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dooley|first=Emily C.|date=2004-06-09|title=Fatal Colgan plane had a troubled past|work=Cape Cod Times|url=https://www.capecodtimes.com/article/20040609/news01/306099984|access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pitta|first=Matt|date=2003-06-27|title=Bodies Recovered in Cape Cod Plane Crash|work=AP NEWS|url=https://apnews.com/d981b057b025ab41fa1522e3d449188b|access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref> Captain Knabe had been with Colgan Air for two years and had 2,891 flight hours, including 1,364<!-- 451 hours as captain + 913 hours as first officer. --> hours on the Beechcraft 1900. Dean had been with the airline for less than a year and had 2,489 flight hours, 689 of which were on the Beechcraft 1900.<ref name="NTSB Aircraft Accident Report" />

==Accident==
Flight 9446 departed Barnstable Municipal Airport on August 26, 2003, at 15:40 [[eastern daylight time|EDT]].<ref name="NTSB Full Narrative"/> Shortly after takeoff, the crew declared an emergency and reported a trim problem. The aircraft entered into a left turn and reached an altitude of {{convert|1,100|ft|m}}. The pilots requested a return to Barnstable, and [[air traffic control]] cleared the flight to land on any runway.<ref name="NTSB Statement 11.21.03"/><ref name="NTSB AAR-04-01 (Air Midwest Flight 5481) Final Report"/>{{rp|86}} The airplane continued its left turn in a nose-up attitude, and then pitched down and crashed into water near the airport.<ref name="NTSB Statement 11.21.03"/>

==Investigation and aftermath==
The [[National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB) investigated the accident.<ref name="NTSB Aircraft Accident Report">{{cite web |url=https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20030904X01459&AKey=1&RType=Final&IType=MA |title=Aircraft accident report (Colgan Air Flight 9446) |publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |id=NYC03MA183 |date=August 31, 2004 |access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> 

The NTSB determined that Flight 9446 was the first flight after maintenance personnel had replaced the forward [[elevator (aeronautics)|elevator]] [[trim tab|trim cable]]. The maintenance personnel had skipped a step in the maintenance process. In addition, the aircraft maintenance manual depicted the elevator trim drum backwards.<ref name="NTSB Aircraft Accident Report"/><ref name="ANN 09.02.04"/> As a result, the trim system was configured in a manner that caused the trim wheels in the cockpit to move in the correct direction. However, the actual trim tab (which controlled the flight control surfaces) moved in the opposite direction.<ref name="NTSB Aircraft Accident Report"/> 

The NTSB also determined that the pilots did not notice the maintenance error because the captain failed to perform a [[preflight checklist]], which included an elevator trim check. The pilots manually set nose-up trim prior to departure. However, because of the improper maintenance, this set the elevator trim to the full nose-down position.<ref name="NTSB Aircraft Accident Report"/>

The NTSB determined that it would have taken 250 pounds of force on the control yoke for the pilots to keep the plane airborne, making a safe landing nearly impossible. Investigators programmed a flight simulator with the improper trim settings and made six simulated flights. Five attempts resulted in crashes shortly after takeoff; in one attempt, the simulator pilot could circle for a landing but impacted terrain while attempting to land.<ref name="ANN 09.02.04"/> 

The NTSB published its findings and determination of probable cause on August 31, 2004. The NTSB determined that the probable causes of the accident were the maintenance crew's improper replacement of the forward elevator trim cable and the subsequent inadequate functional check of the maintenance performed. The NTSB also identified the flight crew's failure to follow the checklist procedures and the aircraft manufacturer's erroneous depiction of the elevator trim drum in the maintenance manual as contributing to the accident.<ref name="NTSB Aircraft Accident Report"/>

After the NTSB's final report was published, ''Aero News Network'' observed that Beechcraft 1900D maintenance manuals were considered accident factors in two previous fatal accidents. However, Raytheon, the owner of Beechcraft, denied blame for the crash of Flight 9446, and a company spokesman said that the accident would not have happened without the Colgan Air maintenance crew's mistakes.<ref name="ANN 09.02.04"/>

== Dramatization ==
This accident will be featured in season 24 of the Canadian television series [[Mayday (Canadian TV series)|''Mayday'']], titled "Pitch Battle".<ref>{{Citation |last=Daniel |title=Daniel Briere - Captain Knabe |date=2023-06-11 |url=https://vimeo.com/835279879 |access-date=2023-08-24}}</ref>

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{reflist}}

'''Sources'''
*{{NTSB}}

== External links ==
{{external media|float=right|width=|image1=[https://www.airliners.net/photo/US-Airways-Express-Colgan-Air/Beech-1900D/371742 Pre-accident picture of aircraft at Airliners.net]|image2=[https://www.jetphotos.com/photo/142826 Pre-accident picture of aircraft at JetPhotos.com]}}
* [https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=57787 NTSB investigation docket]
* [https://tailstrike.com/database/26-august-2003-colgan-air-9446/ Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary]

{{Aviation incidents and accidents in 2003}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in the 2000s}}
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 2003]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Beechcraft 1900]]
[[Category:Colgan Air accidents and incidents|9446]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Yarmouth, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:History of Barnstable County, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:2003 in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by maintenance errors]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error]]
[[Category:August 2003 events in the United States]]
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