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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Ruling party of the Republic of the Congo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
| country = the Republic of the Congo
| name = Congolese Party of Labour
| native_name = Parti congolais du travail
| colorcode = {{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}
| logo = Roundel of Congo 1970.svg
| logo_size = 
| president = [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]]
| secretary_general = [[Pierre Ngolo]]
| founder = [[Marien Ngouabi]]
| foundation = {{start date|1969|12|29|df=y}}
| dissolution = 
| headquarters = 5, rue Léon Jacob, Quartier Mpila, [[Brazzaville]]
| newspaper = 
| youth_wing = 
| membership_year = 
| membership = 
| ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap
 | [[Social democracy]]
 | '''Historical:'''
 | [[Communism]]
 | [[Marxism–Leninism]]
}}
| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]<br>'''Historical:'''<br>[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] to [[Far-left politics|far-left]]
| national = 
| international = 
| seats1_title = [[Senate (Republic of the Congo)|Senate]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|44|72|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
| seats2_title = [[National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)|National Assembly]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|112|151|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
| flag = [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of the Congo.svg|180px]]
| colours = [[Red]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.pct.cg/}}
| footnotes = 
}}

The '''Congolese Party of Labour''' ({{lang-fr|Parti congolais du travail}}, PCT) is the [[ruling party]] of the [[Republic of the Congo]]. Founded in 1969 by [[Marien Ngouabi]], it was originally a pro-[[Soviet Union|Soviet]], [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] [[vanguard party]] which founded the [[People's Republic of the Congo]]. It took a more moderate [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] stance following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991 and adopted [[social democracy]] as its principal ideology in 2006. [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] is the President of the PCT Central Committee, and [[Pierre Moussa]] is the Secretary-General of the PCT.

== One-party rule ==
{{see also|People's Republic of the Congo}}

The PCT was founded by President [[Marien Ngouabi]] on 29 December 1969, and was Congo-Brazzaville's sole ruling party from its inception. From the outset, it was heavily dominated by military officers from the sparsely populated north of Congo-Brazzaville. Although the PCT regime was designed as a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-style socialist [[one-party state]], it was essentially a military regime with a strongly ethno-regional character. Members of the southern ethnic groups, who were far more numerous than northerners, were included in the power structure, but the top leaders were consistently northerners.

Ideologically, the party represented a spectrum of Marxist–Leninist views and suffered from internecine struggles in the 1970s, which sometimes turned violent. Some leaders on the left-wing of the party, such as [[Ange Diawara]] and [[Claude-Ernest Ndalla]], favored a radical [[People's Republic of China|pro-Chinese]] position; they unsuccessfully attempted a ''coup d'etat'' against Ngouabi in February 1972. The right wing of the party, which was derided as having only a superficial commitment to Marxism–Leninism, was represented by [[Joachim Yhombi Opango]]; the 1972 plot was inspired by the left wing's loathing for Yhombi Opango.

Ngouabi was assassinated under unclear circumstances in March 1977 and succeeded by Yhombi Opango, whose opponents in the PCT were angered by his rightist [[deviationism]] and perceived marginalization of the party, and they ousted him in a February 1979 [[technical coup]], installing [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]]—another career officer from the north—in power. The elevation of Sassou Nguesso, who represented the PCT's left-wing, marked a return to party orthodoxy. Sassou Nguesso was neither a radical leftist nor an ideologue; his policies were generally marked by pragmatism, and he sought warm relations with the West as well as the [[Eastern Bloc]].

As Sassou Nguesso consolidated power, PCT factionalism was less pronounced during the 1980s, although internal power struggles continued. [[Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya]], a leftist ideologue who was one of the PCT's top-ranking leaders, was accused of organizing a bomb plot and removed from the leadership at the 1984 party congress. A powerful faction in the party, led by [[François-Xavier Katali]], favored a hard-line pro-[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] position; Sassou Nguesso was able to marginalize the Katali faction at the 1984 congress.<ref>"President wins decisive victory over pro-Soviets", ''Africa Confidential'', 17 October 1984, pages 1–3.</ref> Katali was demoted to a minor government ministry, but suffered no further punishment; when he died of a heart attack in 1986, he was considered a national hero.

Serious unrest in 1990 resulted in the collapse of the PCT regime. Sassou Nguesso was forced to introduce multi-party politics in 1990 and then call a National Conference in 1991. The National Conference saw severe criticism of Sassou Nguesso and repudiated PCT rule; it set up a non-PCT transitional government and reduced Sassou Nguesso to figurehead status.

== Multi-party era ==
The PCT was in opposition from 1992 to 1997, during the presidency of [[Pascal Lissouba]]. Although Marxist–Leninist ideology was abandoned, the party remained loyal to Sassou Nguesso and it continued to be dominated by key figures from the one-party era. Sassou Nguesso ultimately returned to power in the [[Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–99)|June–October 1997 civil war]].

Denis Sassou Nguesso, presidential candidate of both the PCT and the [[United Democratic Forces (Congo)|United Democratic Forces]] coalition, won the [[2002 Republic of the Congo presidential election|March 2002 presidential election]] with 89.4% of the vote; there were no serious opposition candidates. The PCT won 53 out of 137 seats in the [[National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)|National Assembly]] in the [[2002 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|May–June 2002 parliamentary election]]; together with smaller, allied parties, it held a parliamentary majority.

At the party's Fifth Extraordinary Congress in December 2006, Sassou-Nguesso was re-elected as President of the Central Committee of the PCT and [[Ambroise Noumazalaye]] was re-elected as Secretary-General of the PCT;<ref name=Direction/><ref>Willy Mbossa, [http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=14234&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=12&select_year=2006 "Denis Sassou Nguesso reconduit à la tête du comité central du Parti congolais du travail"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708093050/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=14234&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=12&select_year=2006 |date=8 July 2011 }}, ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 30 December 2006 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> the Central Committee elected at the 2006 congress included more than 500 members (there were previously less than 150 members), while the Political Bureau elected on the same occasion included more than 60 members and the Permanent Secretariat included 15 members.<ref name=Direction/> Social democracy was also adopted as the party's new principal ideology.<ref name="socdem">{{cite web|title=LA SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIE: Nouvelle Doctrine du Parti Congolais du Travail.|url=http://www.particongolaisdutravail.org/doctrine.html|publisher=Congolese Party of Labour|access-date=18 July 2020|language=fr}}</ref>

The political landscape in Congo-Brazzaville has been highly fractured since the early 1990s. In an effort to consolidate support for Sassou Nguesso, an initiative to "refound" the PCT as a broader party was attempted in 2006. Although backed by Secretary-General Noumazalaye, the effort encountered firm opposition from PCT "conservatives", led by [[Justin Lekoundzou]], who wanted to preserve the PCT as a distinct party.

Noumazalaye died in November 2007,<ref>[http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=19289 "Le président du Sénat, Ambroise Edouard Noumazalay est décédé à Paris"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708092610/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=19289 |date=8 July 2011 }}, ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 18 November 2007 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> and Prime Minister [[Isidore Mvouba]] became Interim Secretary-General of the PCT.<ref>[http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=19365&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=0&select_year=0 "La dépouille mortelle du président du Sénat attendue le 23 novembre à Brazzaville"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708092818/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=19365&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=0&select_year=0 |date=8 July 2011 }}, ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 22 November 2007 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

In the [[2007 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|parliamentary election]] held on 24 June and 5 August 2007, the PCT won 46 seats; although it was again the largest party, the fractionalization of the political landscape ensured that it fell well short of a parliamentary majority. The combined parties of the Presidential Majority supporting Sassou Nguesso won an overwhelming majority: 125 out of 137 seats. After the election, a large grouping of parties, including the PCT, was launched in December 2007: the [[Rally of the Presidential Majority]] (RMP). While the member parties of the RMP preserved their distinct identities, the grouping provided for some degree of consolidation and improved organization among Sassou Nguesso's supporters. In the [[2008 Republic of the Congo local elections|2008 local elections]], the RMP parties ran joint candidate lists.

At the PCT's Sixth Extraordinary Congress, held in Brazzaville in July 2011, [[Pierre Ngolo]] was elected as Secretary-General of the PCT.<ref>[http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20110726111950/chine-pct-congres-communismea-brazzaville-le-parti-congolais-du-travail-a-la-recherche-d-un-second-souffle.html "À Brazzaville, le Parti congolais du travail à la recherche d'un second souffle"], ''Jeune Afrique'', 25 July 2011 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref><ref>Roger Ngombé, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120612221624/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=51226&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=07&select_year=2011 "Vie des partis : Pierre Ngolo élu secrétaire général du Parti congolais du travail"], ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 26 July 2011 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref><ref name=Joel>Joël Nsoni, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120317080029/http://www.lasemaineafricaine.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1331%3Adenis-sassou-nguesso-aux-congressistes-du-pct-lles-elections-ne-se-gagnent-pas-dans-les-bureaux-elles-se-gagnent-sur-le-terrainr&catid=4%3Anational&Itemid=3 "Denis Sassou Nguesso aux congressistes du P.c.t : «Les élections ne se gagnent pas dans les bureaux. Elles se gagnent sur le terrain»"], ''La Semaine Africaine'', 30 July 2011 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> His election as Secretary-General was considered surprising.<ref name=Joel/><ref name=Surprise>[http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Articles/Dossier/ARTJAJA2640p080-082.xml1/congo-denis-sassou-nguesso-pct-isidore-mvoubacongo-la-surprise-pierre-ngolo.html "Congo : la surprise Pierre Ngolo"], ''Jeune Afrique'', 1 September 2011 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> It had been widely expected that the post would go to a more prominent figure, but Sassou Nguesso chose Ngolo, reportedly viewing him as a skilled organizer and as relatively uncontroversial. He was reportedly viewed as a "man of compromise": "an open conservative, anxious to preserve the identity of the party, while understanding the need for change".<ref name=Surprise/>

In the [[2012 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|July–August 2012 parliamentary election]], the PCT won a parliamentary majority for the first time in the multiparty era, obtaining 89 out of 139 seats.<ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gHfBl6_QXGKFySuZEDK63jmiL-mA?docId=CNG.14490e9872f857859c953af60f59f45a.11 "Congo ruling party wins majority in parliament"], AFP, 7 August 2012.</ref><ref name=Final>[http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=62040&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=08&select_year=2012 "Élections législatives – PCT 89 sièges, Indépendants 12, Upads 7, MCDDI 7, autres partis 20"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130102063151/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=62040&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=08&select_year=2012 |date=2 January 2013 }}, ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 9 August 2012 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref> The party has since remained the largest in the National Assembly, increasing its share of seats both in the [[2017 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|2017]] and [[2022 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|2022]] parliamentary elections.

== Membership ==
The party had about 70,000 members in 1990; by 2005, it had about 250,000 members.<ref name=Direction>Emmanuel Mbengue, [http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=14235&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=0&select_year=0 "La direction du Parti Congolais du Travail s'ouvre aux jeunes et aux femmes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223211800/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=14235&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=0&select_year=0 |date=23 February 2012 }}, ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 30 December 2006 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

== Electoral history ==

=== Presidential elections ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Election
! rowspan="2" |Candidate
! colspan="2" |'''First round'''
! colspan="2" |'''Second round'''
! rowspan="2" |Results
|-
! '''Votes''' 
! '''%'''
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
|-
|[[1992 Republic of the Congo presidential election|1992]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|131,346
|16.75%
| colspan="2" |—
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
|[[2002 Republic of the Congo presidential election|2002]]
|1,075,247
|89.41%
| colspan="2" |—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2009 Republic of the Congo presidential election|2009]]
|1,055,117
|78.61%
| colspan="2" |—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2016 Republic of the Congo presidential election|2016]]
|838,922
|60.19%
| colspan="2" |—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2021 Republic of the Congo presidential election|2021]]
|1,539,725
|88.40%
| colspan="2" |—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|}

=== National Assembly elections ===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election
!Party leader
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
!Position
!Result
|-
|[[1973 People's Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|1973]]
|[[Marien Ngouabi]]
|375,382
|100%
|{{Composition bar|115|115|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{increase}} 115
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1979 People's Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|1979]]
| rowspan="10" |[[Denis Sassou Nguesso]]
|725,981 
|100%
|{{Composition bar|153|153|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{increase}} 38
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1984 People's Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|1984]]
|853,168
|100%
|{{Composition bar|153|153|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1989 People's Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|1989]]
|870,460
|100%
|{{Composition bar|133|133|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{decrease}} 20
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Sole legal party}}
|-
|[[1992 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|1992]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|18|125|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{decrease}} 115
|{{decrease}} 3rd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[1993 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|1993]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|15|101|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2002 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|2002]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|53|137|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{increase}} 38
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|PCT–[[United Democratic Forces (Republic of the Congo)|FDU]] coalition government}} 
|-
|[[2007 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|2007]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|47|137|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{decrease}} 6
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|PCT–[[Club 2002 – Party for the Unity of the Republic|Club 2002]]–[[Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development|MCDDI]]–[[Movement for Solidarity and Development|MSD]]–
[[Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress|UPDP]]–[[Action and Renewal Movement|MAR]]–[[Take Action for Congo|AGIR]] coalition government}}
|-
|[[2012 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|2012]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|89|139|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{increase}} 42
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|PCT-[[Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development|MCDDI]]-[[Rally for Democracy and Social Progress|RDPS]]-[[Movement for Action and Renewal|MAR]]-[[Citizen Rally (Republic of the Congo)|RC]]-
[[Union of Democratic Forces (Republic of the Congo)|UFD]]-[[Union for the Republic (Republic of the Congo)|UR]]-[[Club 2002 - Party for the Unity and the Republic|Club 2002]] 
coalition government}}
|-
|[[2017 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|2017]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|96|151|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{increase}} 7
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|PCT–[[Action and Renewal Movement|MAR]]-[[Rally for Democracy and Social Progress|RDPS]]-[[Citizen Rally (Republic of the Congo)|RC]]-[[Republican and Liberal Party|PRL]]-
[[Club 2002 - Party for the Unity and the Republic|Club 2002]]-[[Union of Democratic Forces (Republic of the Congo)|UFD]] coalition government}} 
|-
|[[2022 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election|2022]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|112|151|hex={{party color|Congolese Party of Labour}}}}
|{{increase}} 16
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|PCT–[[Action and Renewal Movement|MAR]]-[[Club 2002 - Party for the Unity and the Republic|Club 2002]]–[[Rally for Democracy and Social Progress|RDPS]] coalition government}} 
|}

== Notable members ==<!--- Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ---> 
<!--- Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME --->
* [[Benoît Bati]]
* [[Fernand Sabaye]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120209085235/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=936&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=60&select_month=06&select_year=2002 "Elections législatives : les 51 élus du premier tour"], ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 5 June 2002 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.pct.cg/}}

{{Republic of the Congo political parties}}
{{Eastern Bloc parties}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Labour parties]]
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
[[Category:Formerly ruling communist parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1969]]
[[Category:Political parties in the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Africa]]
[[Category:Communism in the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in the Republic of the Congo]]
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