Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Constanța

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Coastal city in Constanța County, Romania}}
{{other uses|Constanța (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Constanța
| other_name               = 
| native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| nickname                 = 
| settlement_type          = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
| motto                    = 
| image_skyline            = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 280
| image_style              = border
| perrow                   = 1/2/3
  | image1 = Cazino CT-II-m-A-02801 (7).jpg
  | image2 = Constanta Historisches Museum.JPG
  | image3 =  Biserica „Schimbarea la față” din Constanța.jpg
  | image4 = Constanța, Farul Genovez, 4.jpeg
  | image5 = Constanta Moschee.JPG
  | image6 = Fatada principala Casei cu Lei.JPG}}
| image_map                = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=280|frame-height=280|zoom=11|frame-lat=44.183|frame-long=28.634|frame-align=center|type=shape-inverse|stroke-width=1|stroke-color=#333333|fill=#ccdddd|fill-opacity=0.9|id=Q79808|title=Constanța}}
| map_caption              = Interactive map outlining Constanța
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = Top: The [[Constanța Casino]]<br />Second row: the [[Constanța History and Archaeology Museum|Museum of National History]], {{nowrap begin}}the [[Greek Church (Constanța)|Greek Church]]{{nowrap end}}<br />Third row: The [[Genoese Lighthouse]], the [[Grand Mosque of Constanța]], The house with Lions
| image_flag               = ROU CT Constanta Flag.svg
| flag_size                = 
| image_seal               = 
| seal_size                = 
| image_shield             = ROU_CT_Constanta_CoA.png
| shield_size              = 
| image_map1               = 
| mapsize1                 = 
| map_caption1             = 
| image_dot_map            = 
| pushpin_map              = Romania<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position   = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Romania
| pushpin_mapsize          = 
| pushpin_relief           = 1
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = {{ROU}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Counties of Romania|County]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Constanța County|Constanța]]
| subdivision_type2        = 
| subdivision_name2        = 
| subdivision_type3        = 
| subdivision_name3        = 
| subdivision_type4        = 
| subdivision_name4        = 
| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = Mayor {{no bold|(2020–2024)}}
| leader_name              = Vergil Chițac<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=15 June 2021 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009164915/https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |url-status=live }}</ref>
| leader_party             = [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]
| leader_title1            = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1             = 
| leader_title2            = 
| leader_name2             = 
| leader_title3            = 
| leader_name3             = 
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 7th century BC as '''Tomis'''
| established_title2       = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2        = 
| established_title3       = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3        = 
| area_magnitude           = 
| unit_pref                = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_total_km2           = 124.89
| area_land_km2            = 
| area_water_km2           = 
| area_total_sq_mi         = 
| area_land_sq_mi          = 
| area_water_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_percent       = 
| area_urban_km2           = 
| area_urban_sq_mi         = 
| area_metro_km2           = 1013.5
| area_metro_sq_mi         = 
| population_demonym       = ''constănțean'',&nbsp;''constănțeancă''&nbsp;([[Romanian language|ro]])
| population_as_of         = [[2021 Romanian census|2021 census]]
| population_footnotes     = <ref name="RPL2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls|title=Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]]|language=ro|date=31 May 2023|access-date=10 June 2023|archive-date=26 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626052140/https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_note          = 
| population_total         = 263,688
| population_density_km2   = 2,112
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| population_est           = 
| population_metro_footnotes= (2011)
| population_metro         = 425,916
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
| population_urban         = 
| population_density_urban_km2 = 
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 
| population_blank1_title  = 
| population_blank1        = 
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
| population_blank2_title  = Ethnic groups
| population_blank2        = [[Romanians]], [[Crimean Tatars in Romania|Tatars]], [[Turks of Romania|Turks]], [[Roma in Romania|Roma]], [[Lipovans]], [[Aromanians in Romania|Aromanians]], [[Greeks in Romania|Greeks]], [[Armenians of Romania|Armenians]]
| timezone                 = 
| utc_offset               = 
| timezone_DST             = 
| utc_offset_DST           = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|44|10|N|28|38|E|region:RO_type:city(283872)|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m              = 25
| elevation_ft             = 
| postal_code_type         = Postal code
| postal_code              = 900xxx
| area_code                = (+40) 41
| registration_plate       = CT
| blank_name               = Languages
| blank_info               = [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| blank1_name              = 
| blank1_info              = 
| website                  = {{URL|http://www.primaria-constanta.ro}}
| footnotes                = '''Sister cities:''' [[Sulmona]], [[Turku]], [[Yokohama]], [[Brest, France|Brest]], [[Istanbul]], [[Rotterdam]], [[Odesa]], [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]], [[Dobrich]], [[Thessaloniki]], [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], [[Trapani]], [[Sidon]], [[Lattakia]], [[Heraklion]], [[İzmir]], [[Alexandria, Egypt|Alexandria]], [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], [[Havana]], [[Shanghai]], [[Perugia]], [[Novorossiysk]].
| name                     = 
}}

'''Constanța''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|k|ɒ|n|ˈ|s|t|æ|n|t|s|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|k|ən|ˈ|s|t|ɑː|n|(|t|)|s|ə|}};<ref>{{cite American Heritage Dictionary|Constanta|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite Collins Dictionary|Constanţa|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190510203227/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Constanta "Constanţa"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Constan%C5%A3a |title=Constanţa |dictionary=[[Lexico|Oxford Dictionaries]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|Constanţa|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-ro|konˈstantsa|lang|Ro-Constanța.ogg}}; {{lang-crh|Qöstence}}; {{lang-rup|Custantsa}}; {{lang-bg|Кюстенджа|Kyustendzha}}, or {{lang-bg|Констанца|Konstantsa|label=none}}; {{lang-el|Κωνστάντζα|Kōnstántza}}, or {{lang-el|Κωνστάντια|Kōnstántia|label=none}}; {{lang-tr|Köstence}}), historically known as '''Tomis''' or '''Tomi''' ({{lang-grc|Τόμις}} or {{lang|grc|Τόμοι}}),<ref>Lewis and Short ''Latin Dictionary'', [https://logeion.uchicago.edu/Tomis Tomis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617130255/https://logeion.uchicago.edu/Tomis |date=2023-06-17 }}.</ref><ref name=Strabo>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0197:book=7:chapter=6&highlight=*to/mis|language=el|author=Strabo|author-link=Strabo|chapter=Book 7, Chapter 6|editor-first=A.|editor-last=Meineke|title=[[Geographica]]|place=Leipzig|publisher=Teubner|year=1877|access-date=2021-02-20|archive-date=2021-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606092814/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0197:book=7:chapter=6&highlight=*to/mis|url-status=live}}</ref> is a [[port city]] in the [[Dobruja]] [[Historical regions of Romania|historical region]] of [[Romania]]. As the country's [[Cities in Romania|fourth largest city]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-26058967-harta-interactiva-populatia-romaniei-fiecare-localitate-din-tara-recensamantul-2021-2011-cele-mai-mari-creseri-cele-mai-drastice-scaderi.htm|title=Populația României în fiecare localitate din țară – Recensământul 2021 vs. 2011|publisher=hotnews.ro|language=ro|date=2 February 2023|access-date=1 March 2023|archive-date=1 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301142741/https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-26058967-harta-interactiva-populatia-romaniei-fiecare-localitate-din-tara-recensamantul-2021-2011-cele-mai-mari-creseri-cele-mai-drastice-scaderi.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and principal port on the [[Black Sea]] coast, Constanța is the capital of [[Constanța County]]. It is also the oldest continuously inhabited city in the region, founded around 600 BC, and among the [[List of oldest continuously inhabited cities|oldest in Europe]].

As of the [[2021 Romanian census|2021 census]], Constanța has a population of 263,688. The [[Constanța metropolitan area]] includes 14 localities within {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} of the city.<ref name="RPL2021"/> It is one of the largest [[metropolitan areas in Romania]]. Ethnic [[Romanians]] became a majority in the city in the early 20th century. The city still has small [[Tatar]] and [[Greek people|Greek]] communities, which were substantial in previous centuries, as well as [[Turkish people|Turkish]] and [[Romani people|Romani]] residents, among others. Constanța has a rich multicultural heritage, owing to the fact that, throughout history, it has been part of different cultures, including Roman, Byzantine, Bulgarian and Ottoman. Following the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)]], Constanța became part of Romania, and the city, which at the time had a population of just over 5.000 inhabitants, increased exponentially throughout the 20th century.

The [[Port of Constanța]] has an area of {{convert|39.26|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and a length of about {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of Constanta (Constantza), Romania |url=http://ports.com/romania/port-of-constanta-constantza/ |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=Ports.com |archive-date=2022-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301235428/http://ports.com/romania/port-of-constanta-constantza/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the largest port on the Black Sea, and one of the largest ports in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.romaniatourism.com/constanta.html |title=Constanța |access-date=2009-04-18 |publisher=Romanian Tourist Office |archive-date=2009-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427044407/http://www.romaniatourism.com/constanta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Legend has it that [[Jason]] landed in Constanța with the [[Argonauts]] after finding the [[Golden Fleece]].

== History ==

{{See also|History of Dobruja}}

{{Quote box
| width = 24em
| align = right
| bgcolor = #B0C4DE
| title = Historical affiliations
| fontsize = 90%
| quote = [[Roman Republic]] 29 BC–27 BC<br />
[[Roman Empire]] 27 BC–5th century AD<br />
{{flagicon|Byzantine Empire}} [[Byzantine Empire]] 5th century–7th century<br />
[[First Bulgarian Empire]] 7th century–10th century<br />
{{flagicon|Byzantine Empire}} [[Byzantine Empire]] 10th century–12th century<br />
{{flagicon|Second Bulgarian Empire}} [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] 12th century–14th century<br />
[[Despotate of Dobruja]] 14th century–15th century<br />
{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman Empire]] 15th century–1878<br />
{{flagicon|Romania}} Romania 1878–1918 <small>(''de facto'' until Oct. 1916)</small><br/>
{{flagicon|German Empire}}{{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}}{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}}{{flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria}} [[Central Powers]] May 1918–Sept. 1918 <small>(''de facto'' from Oct. 1916)</small><br/>
{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] Sept. 1918–Nov. 1919 <small>(''de facto'' until Dec. 1918)</small><br/>
{{flagicon|Romania}} Romania 1919–present <small>(''de facto'' since Dec. 1918)</small>
|-
}}

According to [[Jordanes]] (after [[Cassiodorus]]), the foundation of the city was ascribed to [[Tomyris]], the queen of the [[Massagetae]] ([[the origin and deeds of the Goths]]):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#X |title=The origin and the deeds of the Goths, Chapter X |author=Jordanes |access-date=2015-08-03 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716102525/http://people.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#X |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{blockquote|After achieving this victory (against [[Cyrus the Great]]) and winning so much booty from her enemies, Queen [[Tomyris]] crossed over into that part of [[Moesia]] which is now called [[Scythia Minor (Roman province)|Lesser Scythia]] – a name borrowed from Great [[Scythia]] –, and built on the Moesian shore of the Black Sea the city of Tomi, named after herself.}}

[[File:Orasul antic Tomis - Therme.jpg|thumb|left|Ruins of Tomis]]
In 29 BC, the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] captured the region from the [[Odrysian kingdom]], and annexed it as far as the Danube, under the name of ''Limes Scythicus'' ("Scythian Frontier").

In AD 8, the Roman poet [[Ovid]] (43 BC–17AD) was banished here by Emperor [[Augustus]] for the last eight years of his life. He lamented his Tomisian exile in his poems ''[[Tristia]]'' and ''[[Epistulae ex Ponto]]''. Tomis was "by his account a town located in a war-stricken cultural wasteland on the remotest margins of the empire".<ref>The Cambridge Companion to Ovid ed. Philip Hardie p.235.</ref>
[[File:Casino de Constanța en 1944 (I).jpg|thumb|left|[[Constanța Casino|Casino]] after [[Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive|the occupation]] of the port of Constanța by Soviet sailors in 1944.]]
[[File:Statue of Ovid and National History Museum in Constantza.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of Ovid in front of the Museum of National History]]
A number of inscriptions found in and around the city show that Constanța stands over the site of Tomis.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Constantza|volume=7|page=11}}</ref> Some of these finds are now preserved in the [[British Museum]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=95085&peoA=95085-3-9|title=Collection search: You searched for|website=British Museum|access-date=2016-07-22|archive-date=2015-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017194816/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=95085&peoA=95085-3-9|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city was afterwards included in the Province of [[Moesia]], and, from the time of [[Diocletian]], in [[Scythia Minor (Roman province)|Scythia Minor]], of which it was the metropolis. After the 5th century, Tomis fell under the rule of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]. During [[Maurice's Balkan campaigns]], Tomis was besieged by the Avars in the winter of 597/598.

Tomis was also called Constantiana, possibly in honour of [[Flavia Julia Constantia|Constantia]], the half-sister of [[Roman Empire|Roman]] Emperor [[Constantine the Great]] (274–337), a name mentioned for the town by [[Procopius|Procopius of Caesarea]]. By the 14th century Italian nautical maps used the name Constanza.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andrews |first=Smaranda |title=Greek cities on the western coast of the Black Sea: Orgame, Histria, Tomis, and Kallatis (7th to 1st century BCE) |url=https://www.academia.edu/98870194/Greek_cities_on_the_western_coast_of_the_Black_Sea_Orgame_Histria_Tomis_and_Kallatis_7th_to_1st_century_BCE_}}</ref> The city lay at the seaward end of the [[Trajan's Wall|Great Wall of Trajan]], and was surrounded by fortifications of its own.

After over 500 years as part of the Bulgarian Empire, and becoming subsequently an independent principality of [[Dobrotitsa]]/Dobrotici and of [[Wallachia]] under [[Mircea I of Wallachia]], Constanța fell under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule around 1419.
[[File:Constanţa Generala 1909.jpg|thumb|right|Constanța panorama in 1910]]
[[File:Cercul Militar Constanta, fosta Prefectura.jpeg|thumb|right|Constanța Prefecture (nowadays the Constanța Military Circle) damaged during city's occupation by the Central Powers (1916{{ndash}}1918)]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv N 1603 Bild-027, Konstanza, Siebelfähren im Hafen.jpg|thumb|right|The [[port of Constanța]] in 1941]]
A railroad linking Constanța to [[Cernavodă]] was laid in 1860. In spite of damage done by railway contractors considerable remains of ancient walls, pillars, etc came to light.<ref name="EB1911"/> What is thought to have been a port building was excavated, and revealed the substantial remains of one of the longest [[mosaic]] pavements in the world.

In 1878, after the [[Romanian War of Independence]], Constanța and the rest of [[Northern Dobruja]] were ceded by the [[Ottoman Empire]] to Romania. The city became Romania's main seaport and the transit point for much of Romania's exports.  The [[Constanța Casino]], a historic monument and a symbol of the modern city, was the first building constructed on the shore of the Black Sea after Dobruja came under Romanian administration, with the cornerstone being laid in 1880.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cazino Constanta|url=https://www.litoralulromanesc.ro/cazino.htm|website=Litoralul Romanesc|access-date=27 March 2018|archive-date=29 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329121118/https://www.litoralulromanesc.ro/cazino.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 22 October 1916 (during [[Second Battle of Cobadin|World War I]]), the [[Central Powers]] (German, Turkish and Bulgarian troops) occupied Constanța.  According to the [[Treaty of Bucharest (1918)|Treaty of Bucharest]] of May 1918, article X.b.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/routreat.html|title=Article X of the Treaty|access-date=14 December 2018|archive-date=24 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324234829/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/routreat.html}}</ref> (a treaty never ratified by Romania), Constanța remained under the joint control of the Central Powers. The city came afterwards under Bulgarian rule after a [[wikisource:bg:Протокол за предаване на Северна Добруджа на България и за поправка на българо-турската граница по река Марица|protocol]] regarding the transfer of the jointly administered zone in Northern Dobruja to Bulgaria had been signed in Berlin on 24 September 1918, by Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.<ref name="entangled">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R3cEDgAAQBAJ&q=berlin+protocol+dobruja+september+1918&pg=PA358|title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans|author=Roumen Dontchev Daskalov|author2=Diana Mishkova|author3=Tchavdar Marinov|author4=Alexander Vezenkov|date=30 January 2017|page=358|volume=4|isbn=978-90-04-25075-8|access-date=3 March 2021|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922021045/https://books.google.com/books?id=R3cEDgAAQBAJ&q=berlin+protocol+dobruja+september+1918&pg=PA358|url-status=live}}</ref> The agreement was short-lived: five days later, on 29 September, Bulgaria capitulated after the [[Vardar Offensive|successful offensive]] on the [[Macedonian front]] (see the [[Armistice of Salonica]]), and the Allied troops liberated the city in 1918.

In the interwar years, the city became Romania's main commercial hub, so that by the 1930s over half of its exports were exiting via the port. During [[World War II]], when Romania joined the [[Axis powers]], Constanța was a major target for the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] bombers. While the town was left relatively unscathed, the port suffered extensive damage, recovering only in the early 1950s.

Following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]],  the blockading of the Ukrainian Black Sea ports led to renewed interest in the port of Constanta as one possible outlet for transporting grain to the rest of the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photos: Romanian port becomes key transit hub for Ukrainian grain |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/6/16/photos-romanian-port-becomes-key-transit-hub-for-ukrainian-grain |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619145705/https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/6/16/photos-romanian-port-becomes-key-transit-hub-for-ukrainian-grain |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Geography==
Constanța is the administrative center of the county with the [[Constanța County|same name]] and the largest city in the [[European Union|EU]] [[Sud-Est (development region)|Southeastern development region]] of Romania. The city is located on the [[Black Sea]] coast, with a beach length of {{convert|13|km|0|abbr=off}}. [[Mamaia]], an administrative district of Constanța, is the largest and most modern resort on the Romanian coast. [[Mineral springs]] in the surrounding area and [[beachgoing]] attract many visitors in summer.

==Climate==
[[File:Mamaia Beach (September 2013).JPG|thumb|Mamaia, view towards Constanța]]
Constanța has a [[humid subtropical climate]](''Cfa'' in [[Köppen climate classification]]). 
Summer (early June to mid September) is hot and sunny, with a July and August average of {{convert|23|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Most summer days see a gentle breeze refreshing the daytime temperatures. Nights are warm and somewhat muggy because of the heat stored by the sea.

Autumn starts in mid or late September with warm and sunny days. September can be warmer than June, owing to the warmth accumulated by the Black Sea during the summer. The first frost occurs on average in mid November.

Winter is milder than other cities in southern Romania. Snow is not abundant but the weather can be very windy and unpleasant. Winter arrives much later than inland and December weather is often mild with high temperatures reaching {{convert|8|°C|0|abbr=on}} – {{convert|12|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The average January temperature is {{convert|1|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Winter storms, which occur when the sea becomes particularly treacherous, are a common occurrence between December and March.

Spring arrives early but it is quite cool. Often in April and May the Black Sea coast is one of the coolest places in Romania found at an altitude lower than {{convert|500|m|0|abbr=on}}.

Four of the warmest seven years from 1889 to 2008 have occurred after the year 2000 (2000, 2001, 2007 and 2008). As of September 2009, the winter and the summer of 2007 were respectively the warmest and the second warmest in recorded history with monthly averages for January (+6.5&nbsp;°C) and June (+23.0&nbsp;°C) breaking all-time records. Overall, 2007 was the warmest year since 1889 when weather recording began.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Constanța (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901-2020)
|metric first= Yes 
|single line= Yes
|Jan record high C = 18.3
|Feb record high C = 24.5
|Mar record high C = 30.8
|Apr record high C = 31.9
|May record high C = 36.9
|Jun record high C = 36.9
|Jul record high C = 38.5
|Aug record high C = 36.8
|Sep record high C = 34.8
|Oct record high C = 31.8
|Nov record high C = 26.5
|Dec record high C = 21.0
|year record high C = 38.5
|Jan high C = 4.7
|Feb high C = 6.5
|Mar high C = 10.1
|Apr high C = 14.7
|May high C = 20.6
|Jun high C = 25.5
|Jul high C = 27.9
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 23.3
|Oct high C = 17.6
|Nov high C = 11.9
|Dec high C = 6.6
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 1.4
|Feb mean C = 2.7
|Mar mean C = 6.2
|Apr mean C = 10.8
|May mean C = 16.6
|Jun mean C = 21.5
|Jul mean C = 23.9
|Aug mean C = 23.9
|Sep mean C = 19.2
|Oct mean C = 13.8
|Nov mean C = 8.4
|Dec mean C = 3.2
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = -1.2
|Feb low C = 0.0
|Mar low C = 3.3
|Apr low C = 7.7
|May low C = 13.1
|Jun low C = 17.6
|Jul low C = 19.7
|Aug low C = 19.9
|Sep low C = 15.6
|Oct low C = 10.8
|Nov low C = 5.7
|Dec low C = 0.6
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -24.7
|Feb record low C = -25.0
|Mar record low C = -12.8
|Apr record low C = -4.5
|May record low C = 1.8
|Jun record low C = 6.4
|Jul record low C = 7.6
|Aug record low C = 8.0
|Sep record low C = 1.0
|Oct record low C = -12.4
|Nov record low C = -11.7
|Dec record low C = -18.6
|year record low C = -25.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 35.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 25.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 37.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 31.9
|May precipitation mm = 44.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 42.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 41.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 36.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 44.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 41.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 41.1
|year precipitation mm = 
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.6
|Feb precipitation days = 4.6
|Mar precipitation days = 5.5
|Apr precipitation days = 5.2
|May precipitation days = 5.9
|Jun precipitation days = 5.2
|Jul precipitation days = 4.2
|Aug precipitation days = 2.9
|Sep precipitation days = 4.1
|Oct precipitation days = 4.9
|Nov precipitation days = 5.2
|Dec precipitation days = 6.2
|year precipitation days = 
|Jan humidity = 86
|Feb humidity = 85
|Mar humidity = 85
|Apr humidity = 83
|May humidity = 81
|Jun humidity = 78
|Jul humidity = 76
|Aug humidity = 77
|Sep humidity = 79
|Oct humidity = 82
|Nov humidity = 86
|Dec humidity = 88
|year humidity = 82
|Jan sun = 89
|Feb sun = 112
|Mar sun = 143
|Apr sun = 198
|May sun = 270
|Jun sun = 294
|Jul sun = 331
|Aug sun = 305
|Sep sun = 229
|Oct sun = 157
|Nov sun = 100
|Dec sun = 86
|year sun = 
|source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA9120>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Romania/CSV/Constanta_15480.csv
| title = WMO Normals 91-20 Romania - Constanta
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
| access-date = October 20, 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 = Romanian National Statistic Institute (extremes 1901–2000),<ref name= extremes>{{cite web
| url = http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf
| title = AIR TEMPERATURE (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)
| work = Romanian Statistical Yearbook: Geography, Meteorology, and Environment
| publisher = Romanian National Statistic Institute
| year = 2007
| access-date = March 21, 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210503/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf
| archive-date = September 27, 2007
}}</ref> [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1973–1993)<ref name = DWD>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_154800_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Constanta (Konstanza), Dobrudscha / Rumänien
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = November 23, 2016
| archive-date = October 22, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211022120420/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_154800_kt.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|date= August 2010
}}

{{Weather box|width=auto |collapsed=y
|location = Constanța (1961–1990 normals)
|metric first= Yes 
|single line= Yes
| Jan high C  =3.7
| Feb high C  =4.9
| Mar high C  =8.1
| Apr high C  =13.8
| May high C  =19.3
| Jun high C  =23.8
| Jul high C  =25.9
| Aug high C  =25.8
| Sep high C  =22.4
| Oct high C  =17.0
| Nov high C  =11.6
| Dec high C  =6.4
| year high C =
| Jan mean C  =0.5
| Feb mean C  =1.6
| Mar mean C  =4.6
| Apr mean C  =9.9
| May mean C  =15.5
| Jun mean C  =20.0
| Jul mean C  =22.0
| Aug mean C  =21.8
| Sep mean C  =18.3
| Oct mean C  =13.1
| Nov mean C  =8.0
| Dec mean C  =3.2
| year mean C =
| Jan low C  =-2.3
| Feb low C  =-1.0
| Mar low C  =2.1
| Apr low C  =6.9
| May low C  =12.1
| Jun low C  =16.2
| Jul low C  =18.0
| Aug low C  =17.9
| Sep low C  =14.6
| Oct low C  =9.8
| Nov low C  =5.0
| Dec low C  =0.5
| year low C =
| Jan dew point C =-1.7
| Feb dew point C =-1.1
| Mar dew point C =2.0
| Apr dew point C =6.5
| May dew point C =11.7
| Jun dew point C =15.3
| Jul dew point C =17.0
| Aug dew point C =16.9
| Sep dew point C =14.1
| Oct dew point C =9.7
| Nov dew point C =5.2
| Dec dew point C =1.3

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm  =30
| Feb precipitation mm  =29
| Mar precipitation mm  =26
| Apr precipitation mm  =30
| May precipitation mm  =38
| Jun precipitation mm  =40
| Jul precipitation mm  =30
| Aug precipitation mm  =33
| Sep precipitation mm  =29
| Oct precipitation mm  =31
| Nov precipitation mm  =42
| Dec precipitation mm  =38
| year precipitation mm =
| Jan snow cm  = 7.0
| Feb snow cm  = 7.0
| Mar snow cm  = 4.2
| Apr snow cm  = 0.0
| May snow cm  = 0.0
| Jun snow cm  = 0.0
| Jul snow cm  = 0.0
| Aug snow cm  = 0.0
| Sep snow cm  = 0.0
| Oct snow cm  = 0.0
| Nov snow cm  = 5.5
| Dec snow cm  = 3.4
| year snow cm = 

| Jan sun  =83.4
| Feb sun  =85.7
| Mar sun  =133.9
| Apr sun  =179.7
| May sun  =264.1
| Jun sun  =282.2
| Jul sun  =319.9
| Aug sun  =311.7
| Sep sun  =241.1
| Oct sun  =182.3
| Nov sun  =101.1
| Dec sun  =80.7
| year sun =

| unit precipitation days =  1.0 mm
| precip days colour      =  
| Jan precipitation days  =5
| Feb precipitation days  =5
| Mar precipitation days  =5
| Apr precipitation days  =5
| May precipitation days  =6
| Jun precipitation days  =6
| Jul precipitation days  =5
| Aug precipitation days  =3
| Sep precipitation days  =3
| Oct precipitation days  =4
| Nov precipitation days  =6
| Dec precipitation days  =6
| year precipitation days =

| source = NOAA<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/RO/15480.TXT |title=Constanta Climate Normals for 1961-1990 |access-date=February 14, 2024 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA]] |no-pp=y}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==

{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:93%; width:200px; height:16px; border:0; text-align:left; line-height:120%;"
|-
| colspan="14"  style="text-align:center; background:#f4f4f4; height:24px;"|'''Historical population of Constanța'''
|-
! Year
! Population
! %±
|-
| 1853
| 5,204
| —
|-
| 1879<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spitalcfconstanta.ro/istoric.html |title=The history of Constanța |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914154017/http://www.spitalcfconstanta.ro/istoric.html |archive-date=2011-09-14 |language=ro}}</ref>
| 5,430
| 4.3%
|-
| 1900<ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]</ref>
| 12,725
| 134.3%
|-
| 1912 census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/handbookofrouman00grearich#page/60/mode/2up |title=A Handbook of Roumania |access-date=2012-06-30}}</ref>
| 27,201
| 113.7%
|-
| 1930 census
| 59,164
| 117.5%
|-
| 1941 census<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sas.unibuc.ro/storage/downloads/analize-regionale-9/AG48a.RECENSAMANT48.pdf|title=Populatia RPR la 25 ianuarie 1948|access-date=2020-04-11|archive-date=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410172753/https://sas.unibuc.ro/storage/downloads/analize-regionale-9/AG48a.RECENSAMANT48.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 80,028
| 35.2%
|-
| 1948 census
| 78,586
| −1.8%
|-
| 1956 census
| 99,676
| 26.8%
|-
| 1966 census
| 150,276
| 50.7%
|-
| 1977 census
| 256,978
| 71%
|-
| 1992 census
| 350,581
| 36.4%
|-
| 2002 census
| 310,471
| −11.4%
|-
| 2011 census
| 283,872
| −8.6%
|-
| 2021 census
| 263,688
| −7.1%
|}

{{As of|2021}}, 263,688 inhabitants live within the city limits,<ref name="RPL2021"/> a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2011 census.<ref name="INSSER">{{cite web| url = http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls| title = Population at 20 October 2011| date = 5 July 2013| access-date = 16 June 2016| publisher = [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]]| language = ro| archive-date = 18 January 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160118131243/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls}}</ref>

After [[Bucharest]], the capital city, Romania has a number of major cities that are roughly equal in size: Constanța, [[Iași]], [[Cluj-Napoca]], and [[Timișoara]].

The [[Constanța metropolitan area|metropolitan area of Constanța]] has a permanent population of 425,916 inhabitants (2011),<ref name="INSSER"/> i.e. 61% of the total population of the county, and a minimum average of 120,000 per day, tourists or seasonal workers, transient people during the high tourist season.

{| class="wikitable" align=center
|-
! Ethnicity
! 1853<ref>Robert Stănciugel and Liliana Monica Bălașa, ''Dobrogea în Secolele VII-XIX. Evoluție istorică'', Bucharest, 2005; pg. 202</ref>
! 1896<ref>[[Lucian Boia]], History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness, Central European University Press, 2001, p. 182</ref>
! 1912<ref>Ioan N Roman, ''La population de la Dobrogea d'après le recensement du 1er janvier 1913'' in ''La Dobrogea Roumaine'', Bucharest, 1919</ref>
!1930<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/romania-ethnic-comm1930.htm|title=Ethnic composition of Romania 1930|website=pop-stat.mashke.org|access-date=2019-05-13|archive-date=2022-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024231617/http://pop-stat.mashke.org/romania-ethnic-comm1930.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
!1956<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/romania-ethnic-comm1956.htm|title=Ethnic composition of Romania 1956|website=pop-stat.mashke.org|access-date=2019-05-13|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230544/http://pop-stat.mashke.org/romania-ethnic-comm1956.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
!1966<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/romania-ethnic-comm1966.htm|title=Ethnic composition of Romania 1966|website=pop-stat.mashke.org|access-date=2019-05-13|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206231655/http://pop-stat.mashke.org/romania-ethnic-comm1966.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2002<ref>2011 census results per county, cities and towns {{cite web |url=http://www.edrc.ro/recensamant.jsp?regiune_id=503&judet_id=634&localitate_id=635 |title=Structura Etno-demografică a României |publisher=Edrc.ro |date=2011-12-28 |access-date=2012-06-30 |archive-date=2022-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128135118/http://www.edrc.ro/recensamant.jsp?regiune_id=503&judet_id=634&localitate_id=635 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2011<ref name="ins2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls|title=Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune|publisher=Institutul Național de Statistică|access-date=2015-11-23|format=XLS|language=ro|archive-date=2016-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118131243/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls}}</ref>
|-
| All
| 5,204
| 10,419
| 27,201
|60,106
|99,676
|150,276
| 310,471
| 283,872
|-
| [[Romanian people|Romanian]]
| 279 (5.4%)
| 2,519 (24.1%)
| 15,663 (57.6%)
|40,857 (68.0%)
|90,232 (90.5%)
|138,955 (92.5%)
| 286,332 (92.2%)
| 235,925 (93.11%)
|-
| [[Tatar]]
| 1,853 (35.6%)
| rowspan=2 | 2,202 (21.1%)
| 277 (1%)
|573 (1.0%)
|1,968 (2.0%)
|2,682 (1.8%)
| 8,724 (2.8%)
| 7,367 (2.6%)
|-
| [[Turkish people|Turkish]]
| 104 (2.0%)
| 2,451 (9%)
|3,491 (5.8%)
|3,260 (3.3%)
|4,840 (3.2%)
| 9,018 (2.9%)
| 6,525 (2.3%)
|-
| [[Greek people|Greek]]
| 1,542 (29.6%)
| 2,460 (23.6%)
| 3,170 (11.6%)
|3,708 (6.2%)
|791 (0.8%)
|559 (0.4%)
| 546 (0.17%)
| 231 (0.08%)
|-
| [[Bulgarian people|Bulgarian]]
| 342 (6.5%)
| 1,060 (10.1%)
| 940 (3.4%)
|1,196 (2.0%)
|162 (0.2%)
|191 (0.1%)
| 48 (0.01%)
| 18 (0.01%)
|-
| [[Jewish]]
| 344 (6.6%)
| 855 (8.2%)
| 1,266 (4.6%)
|1,678 (2.8%)
|585 (0.6%)
|240 (0.2%)
| 44 (0.01%)
| 31 (0.01%)
|-
| [[Romani people|Roma]]/Gypsy
| 127 (2.5%)
| n/a
| n/a
|282 (0.5%)
|4 (0.0%)
|35 (0.0%)
| 2,962 (0.97%)
| 2,225 (0.78%)
|}

==Economy==
[[File:Le port de Kustendje.jpg|thumb|right|The port of Kustendje/Köstence in 1856. Drawing by Camille Allard]]
[[File:Constanta shipyard.JPG|thumb|right|View toward Constanța shipyard]]
As of 1878, Constanța was defined as a "poor Turkish [[fishing]] village." As of 1920, it was called "flourishing", and was known for exporting [[oil]] and [[cereal]]s.<ref name=Stoica1>{{cite book|last=Stoica|first=Vasile|title=The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands|year=1919|publisher=Pittsburgh Printing Company|location=Pittsburgh|page=77|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7314/view/1/77/|access-date=2013-10-09|archive-date=2014-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303183345/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7314/view/1/77/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Constanța is one of Romania's main industrial, commercial and tourist centers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghidulturistic.ro/zone.php?j=13|title=GhidTuristic.Ro: ''Județul Constanța''|access-date=2 December 2008|language=ro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211125639/http://www.ghidulturistic.ro/zone.php?j=13|archive-date=11 February 2009}}</ref> During the first half of 2008, some 3,144 new companies were established in Constanța and its neighbouring localities, a number surpassed only in Bucharest and Cluj County.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cugetliber.ro/1218661200/articol/24287/constanta-are-3144-de-firme-noi-in-primele-sase-luni-din-2008/|title=Cuget Liber: ''Constanța are 3.144 de firme noi, în primele șase luni din 2008''|access-date=2 December 2008|language=ro|archive-date=28 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111804/http://www.cugetliber.ro/1218661200/articol/24287/constanta-are-3144-de-firme-noi-in-primele-sase-luni-din-2008/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Port of Constanța is the largest on the Black Sea and the fourth largest in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eosnap.com/snapshots/port-of-constanta-romania-on-the-black-sea/ |title=Port of Constanța Ranking |publisher=www.eosnap.com |date=2010-10-19 |access-date=2010-10-19 |archive-date=2012-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306070028/http://www.eosnap.com/snapshots/port-of-constanta-romania-on-the-black-sea/ }}</ref> The city also boasts a comparably large shipyard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snc.ro/index.php?page=about_us|title=Șantierul Naval Constanța: ''Despre noi''|access-date=2 December 2008|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922021047/http://www.snc.ro/index.php?page=about_us|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tourism has been an increasingly important economic activity in recent years. Although Constanța has been promoted as a seaside resort since the time of [[Carol I of Romania]], the development of naval industry has had a detrimental effect on the city's beaches.<ref>{{cite book|last=Juler|first=Caroline|title=Rumunia|series=Przewodniki ''National Geographic''|publisher=National Geographic Polska|language=pl}}</ref> However a massive rehabilitation of the beaches was undertaken in 2020 with EU funds that has resulted in new hectares of beach both in downtown Constanta and Mamaia.
Due to its proximity to other major tourist destinations, Constanța receives a significant number of visitors every year, who discover and visit the city's monuments and attractions, as well as the increasingly popular festival Neversea. Also, Constanța is a centre of commerce and education, both of which significantly contribute to the local economy.

==Transport==

[[File:A2-A4-02.jpg|thumb|[[A2 motorway (Romania)|A2 motorway]], also known as "Sun's Highway"]]
The opening, in 1895, of the railway to [[Bucharest]], which crosses the [[Danube River]] at the [[King Carol I Bridge|bridge]] at [[Cernavodă]], brought Constanța considerable transit trade in grain and petroleum, which are largely exported; coal and [[coke (fuel)|coke]] head the list of imports, followed by machinery, iron goods, cotton and woollen fabrics.<ref name="EB1911"/>

The [[A2 motorway (Romania)|A2 motorway]] provides a rapid road link between Constanța and Bucharest, while the [[A4 motorway (Romania)|A4 motorway]] acts as the city's outer traffic ring, diverting heavy traffic to and from the [[Port of Constanța]] and to [[Mangalia]].

The [[Port of Constanța]] includes the North Port and the South Port, and is the fourth largest in Europe. It is protected by breakwaters, with a lighthouse at the entrance. The port is sheltered from the northerly winds, but southerly winds can prove dangerous at times. The Black Sea squadron of the [[Romanian Naval Forces|Romanian fleet]] is stationed here. A large canal (the [[Danube-Black Sea Canal]]) connects the Danube River to the Black Sea at Constanța.

The city is served by [[Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport]].

[[File:Constanta pink bus.jpg|thumb|right|One of Constanța's distinctive pink [[Minsk Automobile Plant|MAZ]] buses, running on Route 44]]
Constanța's public transport system is run by ''Regia Autonomă de Transport în Comun Constanța'' (RATC), and consists of 23 year-round bus lines, and one summer sightseeing [[Double-decker bus|double decker]] open top bus line to tourists.

In the early 2000s, the city bought 130 new [[Minsk Automobile Plant|MAZ]] buses to replace the aging fleet of [[DAC (vehicle manufacturer)|DAC]] buses. The entire fleet is now made up of buses from the 2000–2008 period, which are painted in distinctive bright colors, such as pink, yellow and green. There is also a fleet of double decker [[Volvo]] buses that run in the summer, providing access to and from the resort of [[Mamaia]]. As of October 2013, the cost of a return ticket is 3 lei.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratc.ro/|title=Regia Autonomă de Transport în Comun Constanța {{!}} Home|last=ILiNC|website=www.ratc.ro|access-date=2016-06-27|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922021052/https://www.ctbus.ro/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Trams were active until the late 2000s when they were decommissioned in favour of long-wheelbase buses. Two trolley bus lines were active until the early 2010s – now also decommissioned and replaced by buses.

At the end of March 2014, all public buses were upgraded with Wi-Fi for free use by all passengers. Speeds fall into the 3G [[HSDPA]] mobile range. Also, as an upgrade to the ticketing system, since the same time, tickets and per day all bus lines subscriptions can be bought via SMS, accepted by all national operators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Regional/Digi24+Constanta/Stiri/Internet+gratuit+in+autobuzele+RATC+Wireless+in+toate+mijloacele|title=Internet gratuit în autobuzele RATC. Wireless în toate mijloacele de transport din Constanţa|website=www.digi24.ro|access-date=2014-08-17|archive-date=2014-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084207/http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Regional/Digi24+Constanta/Stiri/Internet+gratuit+in+autobuzele+RATC+Wireless+in+toate+mijloacele|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2018 Constanța municipality signed an €18 million-contract to acquire new buses manufactured by the Turkish company [[Anadolu Isuzu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://seenews.com/news/anadolu-isuzu-signs-18-mln-euro-bus-supply-deal-with-romanias-constanta-620010|title=Anadolu Isuzu signs 18 mln euro bus supply deal with Romania's Constanta|website=seenews.com|date=13 July 2018|access-date=14 December 2018|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215065823/https://seenews.com/news/anadolu-isuzu-signs-18-mln-euro-bus-supply-deal-with-romanias-constanta-620010|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019 Constanta's new [[Mercedes-Benz]] minibusses entered service.

In October 2022 Constanta's new [[BYD Company|BYD]] electric buses entered service with RATC.

There are also plenty of private minibuses (similar to a [[share taxi]]) which run along longer and more intricate lines. 

Constanța is one of the main focuses of the [[Rail-2-Sea]] project which aims to connect it to the Polish [[Baltic Sea]] port of [[Gdańsk]] with a {{convert|3,663|km|abbr=off}} long railway line passing through Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://universul.net/rail-2-sea-and-via-carpathia-the-us-backed-highway-and-rail-links-from-the-baltic-to-the-black-sea/|title=Rail-2-Sea and Via Carpathia, the US-backed highway and rail links from the Baltic to the Black Sea|first=Alison|last=Mutler|newspaper=Universul.net|date=12 October 2020|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110070034/https://universul.net/rail-2-sea-and-via-carpathia-the-us-backed-highway-and-rail-links-from-the-baltic-to-the-black-sea/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347344614|title=The Three Seas Initiative as a new model of regional cooperation in Central Europe: A Polish perspective|first=Łukasz|last=Lewkowicz|journal=UNISCI Journal|volume=18|pages=177–194|year=2020|issue=54|doi=10.31439/UNISCI-101|doi-access=free|access-date=2021-07-13|archive-date=2022-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201032231/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347344614_The_Three_Seas_Initiative_as_a_new_model_of_regional_cooperation_in_Central_Europe_A_Polish_perspective|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Tourism==
[[file:Bucharest - The Thinker & The Sitting Woman of Cernavoda - white bg.jpg|thumb|''The Thinker'' and ''The Sitting Woman''; by [[Hamangia culture]] from Romania; circa 5000 BCE; terracotta; height of the man: 11.5&nbsp;cm, height of the woman: 11.4&nbsp;cm]]

Constanța is worth exploring for its [[archaeological]] treasures and the atmosphere of the older part of town. Its historical monuments, ancient ruins, grand but abandoned casino, museums, shops, and proximity to beach resorts make it the focal point of Romania's Black Sea coastal tourism. Open-air restaurants, nightclubs and cabarets offer a wide variety of entertainment.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

Regional attractions include traditional villages, vineyards, ancient monuments and the [[Danube Delta]], the best preserved delta in Europe.

===Main sights===
[[File:Cazinoul din Constanta vedere laterala.jpg|left|thumb|The Casino at sunrise]]
[[File:Constanta, lighthouse.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Genoese Lighthouse]]]]
[[File:Casa cu Lei 3.jpg|left|thumb|Details from the House with Lions]]
[[File:Moscheea Carol I, Constanta.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Grand Mosque of Constanța]], the centre of [[Islam in Romania]].]]
[[File:Constanța, Catedrala Sfinții Petru și Pavel, 5.jpeg|left|thumb|[[Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Constanța|The Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul]]]]
[[File:Geamia Hunchiar (Hünkar Mosque), Constanta.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Hunkar mosque in Constanța is still used by the Muslim minority]]

====Ovid's Square====

The [[Augustus|Emperor Augustus]] exiled the Roman poet [[Ovid]] to what was then Tomis in 8 AD.  In 1887 the sculptor [[Ettore Ferrari]] designed a statue of the poet which gave its name to this square in the old town.  In 1916, during the occupation of Dobruja by the [[Central Powers]], it was taken down by [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] troops, but was later reinstated by the [[German Empire|Germans]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/stergerea-memoriei-sau-rescrierea-istoriei-cand-a-daramat-romania-prima-statuie/30665862.html|title=Ștergerea memoriei sau rescrierea istoriei. Când a dărâmat România prima statuie|language=ro|first=Sabina|last=Fati|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Radio Free Europe]]|date=11 June 2020|access-date=3 July 2020|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611213109/https://romania.europalibera.org/a/stergerea-memoriei-sau-rescrierea-istoriei-cand-a-daramat-romania-prima-statuie/30665862.html|url-status=live}}</ref> There is an exact replica of the statue in [[Sulmona]], Ovid's hometown in Italy.

The statue stands in front of the [[Constanța History and Archaeology Museum|National History and Archaeology Museum]] which is housed in the old City Hall and contains a large collection of ancient art..

====Roman Mosaics (''Edificiul Roman cu Mozaic'')====

A vast complex of late Roman buildings on three levels once linked the upper town to the harbor and marked its commercial center. Today, only about a third of the original structures remain in Ovid's Square, including more than {{convert|9150|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} of colorful – if poorly maintained – mosaics. Archaeological traces point to the existence of workshops, warehouses and shops in the area. Remains of the Roman public baths can be seen nearby. Roman aqueducts once brought water {{convert|6|mi|0|abbr=out}} to the town.

====Genoese Lighthouse (''Farul Genovez'')====

Soaring {{convert|26|ft|m}}, the [[Genoese Lighthouse]] was built in 1860 by the Danubius and Black Sea Company to honor Genoese merchants who established a flourishing sea trade community here in the 13th century.

====Casino (''Cazinoul'')====

Commissioned by King Carol I in 1910 and designed by architects Daniel Renard and Petre Antonescu right on the seashore, the derelict [[Constanța Casino]] features sumptuous Art Nouveau architecture. Once a huge attraction for European tourists, the casino lost its customers after the collapse of Communism. In 2021 renovation of the building finally began.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-10 |title=Renovations for famous Constanta Casino in Romania can finally begin |url=https://heritagetribune.eu/romania/famous-constanta-casino-in-romania-can-finally-begin/ |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=European Heritage Tribune |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007103336/https://heritagetribune.eu/romania/famous-constanta-casino-in-romania-can-finally-begin/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Constanța Aquarium]] is nearby. 

====House with Lions (''Casa cu Lei'')====

Blending pre-Romanesque and Genoese architectural styles, this late 19th century building features four columns adorned with imposing sculptured lions. During the 1930s, its elegant salons hosted the Constanța Masonic Lodge.

====Archeology Park (''Parcul Arheologic'')====

In the heart of Constanța, the park displays dozens of vestiges of the city's past including columns, amphorae, capitals, fragments of 3rd and 4th-century buildings, and a 6th-century tower.

====National Opera and Ballet Theater Oleg Danovski====
Built in 1957 to host theatre productions and operas, the state-funded Dobrogean Musical Theater hosted a multitude of shows written by some of Romania's most prolific composers and playwrights. In 1978, master choreographer [[:ro:Oleg_Danovski|Oleg Danovski]] formed the Classical and Contemporary Ballet Ensemble, revitalising the theater's significance. After Danovski's death in 1996, the shows slowed down, and in 2004 the theater was closed by the Culture Department of the City Council.

====Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul====
Constructed in neo-Byzantine style between 1883 and 1885, the [[Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Constanța|church]] was severely damaged during World War II and was restored in 1951. The interior murals combine neo-Byzantine style with purely Romanian elements best observed in the iconostasis and pews, chandeliers and candlesticks (bronze and brass alloy), all designed by Ion Mincu and manufactured in Paris.

====Grand Mosque of Constanța (''Marea Moschee din Constanța'')====
Built in 1910 by King Carol I, the [[Grand Mosque of Constanța]] (originally the Carol I Mosque) is the seat of the Mufti, the spiritual leader of the 55,000 Muslims (Turks and Tatars by origin) who live along the coast of the Dobrogea region. The building combines Neo-Byzantine and Romanian architectural elements, making it one of the most distinctive mosques in the area. The highlight of the interior is a large Turkish carpet, a gift from [[Abdul Hamid II|Sultan Abdülhamid II]]; woven at the [[Hereke]] factory in Turkey, it is one of the largest carpets in Europe, weighing 1,080 pounds. The {{convert|164|ft|m|abbr=on}} minaret (tower) provides views of the old part of town and the harbor. Five times a day, the muezzin climbs 140 steps to the top to call the faithful to prayer.

====Hünkar Mosque (''Geamia Hunchiar''){{anchor|Hünkar Mosque}}====

Completed in 1869, the [[Hünkar Mosque, Constanța|Hünkar Mosque]] was commissioned by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Abdülaziz]] for Turks who were forced to leave [[Crimea]] after the [[Crimean War]] (1853–56) and settled in Constanța. It was restored in 1945 and 1992.

====Fantasio Theatre (''Teatrul Fantasio'')====

Originally called the Tranulis Theater after its benefactor, this theater was built in 1927 by Demostene Tranulis, a local philanthropist of Greek origin. A fine building featuring elements of neoclassical architecture, it's in the heart of the new city on Ferdinand Boulevard.

====Romanian Navy Museum (''Muzeul marinei române'')====

The largest institution of its kind in Romania, this museum showcases the development of the country's military and civil navy. The idea for the museum was outlined in 1919, but it only opened on 3 August 1969 during the regime of [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]. The collections include models of ships, knots, anchors and navy uniforms. It has also a special collection dedicated to figures who were important to the history of the Romanian navy. 

====Natural Sciences Museum Complex (''Complexul Muzeal de Științe ale Naturii'')====

The zoo-like complex consists of a dolphinarium, exotic birds exhibition, and a micro-Delta. There's a planetarium next door.

==Neighborhoods==
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
* Abator
* Anadalchioi
* Badea Cârțan
* Boreal
* Casa de Cultură
* Centru
* C.E.T.
* Coiciu
* Compozitorilor
* Dacia
* Energia
* Faleză Nord
* Faleză Sud (Poarta 6)
* Far
* Gară
* Groapă
* Halta Traian
* I.C.I.L.
* I.C. Brătianu (Filimon Sîrbu between 1948 and 1990)
* Inel I
* Inel II
* Km. 4 (Billa)
* Km. 4–5
* Km. 5
* Medeea
* [[Mamaia]]
* Palas
* Peninsulă
* Pescărie
* Piața Chiliei
* Piața Griviței
* Port
* Tăbăcărie
* Tomis I
* Tomis II
* Tomis III
* Tomis IV
* Tomis Nord
* Trocadero
* Unirii
* Victoria
* Viile Noi
* Zona Industrială
{{div col end}}

==Politics==

=== List of mayors (1990–present) ===

The current mayor of Constanța is Vergil Chițac ([[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]]).

The mayors elected since the [[Romanian Revolution|1989 revolution]] have been the following:<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ziuaconstanta.ro/stiri/deschidere-editie/cine-sunt-primarii-pe-care-constanta-i-a-avut-in-perioada-1990-2015-550853.html|title=Cine sunt primarii pe care Constanţa i-a avut în perioada 1990 – 2015|newspaper=Ziua de Constanța|date=9 June 2015|access-date=15 February 2021|language=Romanian|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922021049/https://www.ziuaconstanta.ro/stiri/deschidere-editie/cine-sunt-primarii-pe-care-constanta-i-a-avut-in-perioada-1990-2015-550853.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=1 | Nº
! colspan=1 | Name
! colspan=1 | Term start
! colspan=1 | Term end
! colspan=1 | Political party
|-
! 1
| Radu Marian
| 1 January 1990
| 10 January 1990
| [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] (FSN)
|-
! 2
| Călin Marinescu
| January 1990
| August 1990
| National Salvation Front (FSN)
|-
! 3
| Adrian Manole
| August 1990
| 1991
| National Salvation Front (FSN)
|-
! 4
| Tudor Baltă
| 1991
| 1992
| National Salvation Front (FSN)
|-
! 5
| Corneliu Neagoe
| 1992
| 1996
| [[Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party]] (PNȚCD)
|-
! 6
| Gheorghe Mihăeș
| 1996
| 2000
| [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]] (PD)
|-
! 7
| [[Radu Mazăre]]
| 2000
| 2015
| Independent, [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
|-
! 8
| Decebal Făgădău
| 2015
| 2020
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
|-
! 8
| Vergil Chițac
| 2020
| present
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL)
|-
|}

=== City Council ===

The Constanța Municipal Council is made up of 27 councilors, with the following party composition:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats in [[2004 Romanian local elections|2004]]
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats in [[2008 Romanian local elections|2008]]
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats in [[2012 Romanian local elections|2012]]
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats in [[2016 Romanian local elections|2016]]
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats in [[2016 Romanian local elections|2020]]
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="13" | Council following the 2020 local elections
|-
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''15'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''19'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''15'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''13'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''8'''
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''6'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''4'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''10'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''10'''
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| [[Save Romania Union]] (USR)
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''9'''
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| [[People's Movement Party]] (PMP)
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent}} &nbsp;
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''1'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]]/[[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|Democratic Liberal Party]] (PD/PDL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''5'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|National Union for the Progress of Romania}} &nbsp;
| [[National Union for the Progress of Romania]] (UNPR)
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|People's Party – Dan Diaconescu}} &nbsp;
| [[People's Party – Dan Diaconescu]] (PP-DD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''N/A'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party}} &nbsp;
| [[Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party]] (PNȚCD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''1'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Greater Romania Party}} &nbsp;
| [[Greater Romania Party]] (PRM)
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''0'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|}

==Media==
{{Main|Media in Constanța}}

==Sports==
Constanța is home to several [[Association football|football]] clubs, with [[FC Farul Constanța|FCV Farul Constanța]] playing in the [[Liga I|Romanian first division]]. There are two [[Rugby union|rugby]] teams in Constanța: [[Farul Constanța (rugby)|RC Farul Constanța]], who play in [[Divizia Națională (Rugby)|Divizia Națională]] BRD, and Constructorul Cleopatra Constanța, who play in Divizia A. One of the top Romanian [[Team handball|handball]] clubs, [[HCM Constanța|HCD Constanța]], is also based in the city. Olympic champion gymnasts [[Camelia Voinea]], [[Nicoleta Daniela Sofronie]], [[Simona Amânar]] and [[Cătălina Ponor]] were born in Constanța. [[Răzvan Florea]], swimmer who won bronze medal at [[2004 Summer Olympics]] was also born in Constanța. Former [[WTA rankings|World number 1]] in [[tennis]] [[Simona Halep]] is also a native of the city.

Constanța and [[Mamaia]], the neighboring summer holiday resort, are home to the Constanța-Mamaia [[European Triathlon Union|ETU]] Triathlon European Cup that was held there in 2014 and 2015 and is also planned to take place in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 2014 Constanta-Mamaia ETU Triathlon European Cup {{!}} Triathlon.org|url = http://www.triathlon.org/events/event/2014_constanta_mamaia_itu_triathlon_european_cup|website = www.triathlon.org|access-date = 2016-01-26|archive-date = 2016-02-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160201231110/http://www.triathlon.org/events/event/2014_constanta_mamaia_itu_triathlon_european_cup|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = 2016 Constanta-Mamaia ETU Triathlon Premium European Cup {{!}} Triathlon.org|url = http://www.triathlon.org/events/event/2016_constanta_mamaia_etu_triathlon_premium_european_cup|website = www.triathlon.org|access-date = 2016-01-27|archive-date = 2016-02-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184005/http://www.triathlon.org/events/event/2016_constanta_mamaia_etu_triathlon_premium_european_cup|url-status = live}}</ref>

==International relations==
===Twin towns – sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania}}
Constanța is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Orașe înfrățite|url=http://www.primaria-constanta.ro/oras/orase-infratite|website=primaria-constanta.ro|publisher=Constanța|language=ro|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2020-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021160339/http://primaria-constanta.ro/oras/orase-infratite|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
<!--Busan, Genoa, Logroño - not twinning, they don't list Constanța as their twin town-->
*{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Alexandria]], Egypt
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Brest, France|Brest]], France
*{{flagicon|PER}} [[Callao]], Peru
*{{flagicon|COL}} [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]], Colombia
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]], United States
*{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Havana]], Cuba
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Istanbul]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[İzmir]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Makassar]], Indonesia
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], United States
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Novorossiysk]], Russia
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Odesa]], Ukraine
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]], Brazil
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai]], China
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Silivri]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sulmona]], Italy
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Tepebaşı, Eskişehir|Tepebaşı]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Thessaloniki]], Greece
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Trapani]], Italy
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Turku]], Finland
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yokohama]], Japan
{{div col end}}

===Consulates===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|RUS}} Consulate General of Russia
*{{flagicon|TUR}} Consulate General of Turkey
*{{flagicon|ALB}} Honorary Consulate of Albania
*{{flagicon|AUT}} Honorary Consulate of Austria
*{{flagicon|CYP}} Honorary Consulate of Cyprus
*{{flagicon|EST}} Honorary Consulate of Estonia
*{{flagicon|FIN}} Honorary Consulate of Finland
*{{flagicon|FRA}} Honorary Consulate of France
*{{flagicon|ITA}} Honorary Consulate of Italy
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} Honorary Consulate of Kazakhstan
*{{flagicon|LBN}} Honorary Consulate of Lebanon
*{{flagicon|NLD}} Honorary Consulate of the Netherlands
*{{flagicon|MKD}} Honorary Consulate of North Macedonia
*{{flagicon|NOR}} Honorary Consulate of Norway
*{{flagicon|SYR}} Honorary Consulate of Syria
{{div col end}}

==Natives of Constanța==
{{main|List of people from Constanța}}

==Education==
* High schools
**Carol I Economic College
** [[Mircea cel Bătrân National College (Constanța)|Mircea cel Bătrân National College]]
** Constantin Bratescu National College
** Pontica Technical College of Constanta
** [[Mihai Eminescu National College (Constanța)|Mihai Eminescu National College]]
** Lucian Blaga High School
** Electrotechnics and Telecommunication High School
** George Călinescu High School
** [[Ovidius High School]]
** Decebal High School (Constanța)
** Traian High School (Constanța)
** International Computer Science High School of Constanța
** "Nicolae Rotaru" Sports High School
** Orthodox Theological Seminary
** National College of Arts "Queen Marie"
** Tomis Technical College
* Universities
** Mircea cel Bătrân Naval Academy
** Constanța Maritime University
** Ovidius University
** Andrei Șaguna University
** Tomis University
** Dimitrie Cantemir University
* International Schools
** Cambridge School of Constanța(CSC)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Studies==
* Livia Buzoianu and Maria Barbulescu, "Tomis," in Dimitrios V. Grammenos and Elias K. Petropoulos (eds), '' Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea'', Vol. 1 (Oxford,  Archaeopress, 2001) (BAR International Series; 1675 (1–2)), 287–336.

==External links==
{{commons category|Constanța}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Constanța}}
* {{official website|http://www.primaria-constanta.ro/}}
* [http://www.portofconstantza.com/apmc/index.jsp Constanța Seaport official site]

{{Constanța County}}
{{Cities in Romania}}
{{RoJudCapitals}}
{{Romanian Black Sea resorts}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Constanta}}
[[Category:Constanța| ]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Romania]]
[[Category:Populated places in Constanța County]]
[[Category:Localities in Northern Dobruja]]
[[Category:Aromanian settlements in Romania]]
[[Category:Cities in Romania]]
[[Category:Capitals of Romanian counties]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Romania]]
[[Category:Byzantine sites in Romania]]
[[Category:Pontic Greeks]]
[[Category:Greek colonies in Scythia Minor]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Romania]]
[[Category:Port cities of the Black Sea]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1st millennium BC]]
[[Category:Place names of Greek origin in Romania]]
[[Category:Moesia Inferior]]
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