Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|1931 drug control treaty}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox Treaty
| name                = 1931 Limitation Convention
| long_name           =Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs
| image               =
| image_width         =
| caption             =
| type                =
| date_drafted        =
| date_signed         = 13 July 1931
| location_signed     = [[Geneva]]
| date_sealed         =
| date_effective      = 9 July 1933
| condition_effective = Ratifications or accessions of twenty-five Members of the [[League of Nations]] or non-member States, including any four of the following: France, Germany, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Japan, [[Netherlands]], [[Switzerland]], [[Turkey]], and the United States of America.
| date_expiration     =1968
| signatories         =
| parties             = 
| depositor           =[[League of Nations]]
| language            =
| languages           =
| website             =
| wikisource          =
}}
The '''Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs''' was a drug control treaty promulgated in [[Geneva]] on 13 July 1931 that entered into force on 9 July 1933.

== History ==
The conference was held in Geneva on or about 27 May 1931.<ref>Pub.Res. 71–130, {{USStat|46|1516}}, enacted 3 March 1931</ref><ref>Pub.Res. 71–136, {{USStat|46|1628}}, enacted 4 March 1931</ref>

After [[World War II]], the 1931 convention's scope was broadened considerably by the 1948 [[Protocol Bringing under International Control Drugs outside the Scope of the Convention of 13 July 1931 for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs]]. In 1968, the Convention was superseded by the 1961 [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]], as it entered into force.

== Overview ==

=== Schedules ===
It established two groups of drugs.

Group I consisted of:
*Sub-group (a), which consisted of:
**[[Morphine]] and its salts, including its ester salts like [[Heroin|morphine diacetate]] (heroin) and preparations made directly from raw or medicinal [[opium]] and containing more than 20 percent of morphine;
**[[Cocaine]] and its salts, including preparations made direct from the [[coca]] leaf and containing more than 0.1 percent of cocaine, all the esters of [[ecgonine]] and their salts;
**[[Dihydrohydrooxycodeinone]] (of which the substance registered under the name of [[eucodal]] is a salt), [[dihydrocodeinone]] (of which the substance registered under the name of [[dicodide]] is a salt), [[dihydromorphinone]] (of which the substance registered under the name of [[dilaudide]] is a salt), [[acetyldihydrocodeinone]] or [[acetyldemethylodihydrothebaine]] (of which the substance registered under the name of [[acedicone]] is a salt); [[dihydromorphine]] (of which the substance registered under the name of [[paramorfan]] is a salt), their esters and the salts of any of these substances and of their esters, [[morphine-N-oxide]] (registered trade name [[genomorphine]]), also the morphine-N-oxide derivatives, and the other pentavalent nitrogen morphine derivatives.
*Sub-group (b), which consisted of:
**Ecgonine, [[thebaine]] and their salts, [[benzylmorphine]] and the other ethers of morphine and their salts, except methylmorphine ([[codeine]]), [[ethylmorphine]] and their salts.

Group II consisted of:
*Methylmorphine (codeine), ethylmorphine and their salts.

Group I was subject to stricter regulations than Group II. For instance, in estimating the amount of drugs needed for medical and scientific needs, the margin allowed for demand fluctuations was wider for Group II drugs than for Group I drugs. Also, in certain reports, a summary statement would be sufficient for matters related to Group II drugs. The establishment of these rudimentary groups foreshadowed the development of the drug scheduling system that exists today. Both the 1961 [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]] and the 1971 [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances]] have schedules of controlled substances. The 1988 [[United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances]] has two tables of controlled [[wiktionary:Precursor|precursor]] chemicals.

=== Drug Supervisory Body ===
The Drug Supervisory Body (sometimes called "Opium Supersiory Body", and in French "''Organe de Contrôle''") was established under the 1931 Convention to compile estimates of the amount of drugs to be consumed, manufactured, converted, exported, imported, or used by each country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnamoorthy |first=E. S. |date=1962 |title=Comparative analysis of the Permanent Central Opium Board and Drug Supervisory Body and their functions, on the one hand, and of the future International Control Board and its functions, on the other" ''Bulletin on Narcotics'' |url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1962-01-01_3_page002.html |url-status=live |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=[[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228180459/https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1962-01-01_3_page002.html |archive-date=28 February 2022 }}</ref> 

One member of the Body was nominated by the [[Office international d'hygiène publique]] (general health advisory council of the [[League of Nations]]' Health Organization).<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Office international d'Hygiène publique |url=https://www.who.int/library/collections/publique_hygiene_1909_1933.pdf |title=Vingt-cinq ans d'activité de l'Office international d'Hygiène publique (1909-1933) |date=1933 |publisher=Office international d'hygiène publique |year=1933 |location=Paris |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cannabis amnesia – Indian hemp parley at the Office International d'Hygiène Publique in 1935 [preprint] |url=https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.165237542.24089054/v1 |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=www.authorea.com |doi=10.22541/au.165237542.24089054/v1|doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref>

The Body should not be confused with the [[International Opium Convention|Permanent Central Opium Board]] established under the 1925 Opium Convention, although both the Body and the Board were merged onto the [[International Narcotics Control Board]] when the [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]] entered into force in 1968.

==References==
{{wikisourcepar|Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1934/9.html |title=Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs |website=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade ~ Australian Treaty Series 1934 No. 9 |date=April 24, 1934 |publisher=Australasian Legal Information Institute}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000003-0001.pdf |title=Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs |website=Law Library ~ United States Treaties |date=July 13, 1931 |publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}
* [http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=VI-8-a&chapter=6&lang=en Ratification status] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227163225/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=VI-8-a&chapter=6&lang=en |date=27 December 2010 }}

[[Category:Drug control treaties]]
[[Category:League of Nations treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1931]]
[[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1933]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United States]]
[[Category:Treaties of Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Argentina]]
[[Category:Treaties of the First Austrian Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Belgium]]
[[Category:Treaties of Vargas-era Brazil]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties of Canada]]
[[Category:Treaties of Australia]]
[[Category:Treaties of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Union of South Africa]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Irish Free State]]
[[Category:Treaties of British India]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Colombia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Chile]]
[[Category:Treaties of Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Treaties of Cuba]]
[[Category:Treaties of Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Denmark]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt]]
[[Category:Treaties of Estonia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Finland]]
[[Category:Treaties of the French Third Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Second Hellenic Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Treaties of Haiti]]
[[Category:Treaties of Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)]]
[[Category:Treaties of Pahlavi Iran]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Empire of Japan]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq]]
[[Category:Treaties of Latvia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Treaties of Liechtenstein]]
[[Category:Treaties of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Treaties of Mexico]]
[[Category:Treaties of Monaco]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Treaties of Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Treaties of Norway]]
[[Category:Treaties of Panama]]
[[Category:Treaties of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Treaties of Peru]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Second Polish Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Ditadura Nacional]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania]]
[[Category:Treaties of El Salvador]]
[[Category:Treaties of San Marino]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Second Spanish Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]
[[Category:Treaties of Sweden]]
[[Category:Treaties of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey]]
[[Category:Treaties of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Bahamas]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Treaties of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties of Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:1931 in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Surinam (Dutch colony)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Dutch East Indies]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Belgian Congo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Ruanda-Urundi]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Honduras]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Ceylon]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Cyprus]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Gold Coast (British colony)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Kenya]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Leeward Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Dominica]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Mauritius]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Northern Rhodesia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Nyasaland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Somaliland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Straits Settlements]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Kingdom of Tonga (1900–1970)]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Southern Rhodesia]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Barbados]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Guiana]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Federated Malay States]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Unfederated Malay States]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Mandatory Palestine]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Emirate of Transjordan]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the British Windward Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Burma]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Dominion of Newfoundland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Norfolk Island]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Nauru Trust Territory]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Territory of New Guinea]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to Greenland]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Cameroon]]
[[Category:Treaties extended to British Togoland]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]