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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Campaign of the Second World War}}
{{about|Axis campaign during World War II|the later Soviet campaign|Crimean Offensive|other uses|Crimean War (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Crimean campaign
| image             = 01941 Sowjetische Kriegsgefangene auf der Krim am 6. 11.jpg
| image_size        = 300px
| caption           = Soviet prisoners of war in the Crimea, 6 November 1941
| partof            = the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] of [[World War II]]
| place             = [[Crimea in the Soviet Union|Crimean ASSR]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
| date              = 18 October 1941 – 4 July 1942
| territory         = Axis forces capture the Crimean Peninsula
| result            = Axis victory
| combatant1        = {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}<br>{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}<br>'''Naval support:'''<br>{{flagcountry|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)}}
| combatant2        = {{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| commander1        = {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} '''[[Erich von Manstein]]'''<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Erick-Oskar Hansen]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Maximilian Fretter-Pico]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Hans Graf von Sponeck]]<br>{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Romania}} {{ill|Florea Mitrănescu|ro|}}<br>{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Romania}} [[Gheorghe Avramescu]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen|Wolfram von Richthofen]]}}

| commander2        = {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} '''[[Gordey Levchenko]]'''<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} '''[[Ivan Yefimovich Petrov|Ivan Petrov]]'''<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} '''[[Filipp Oktyabrsky]]'''<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} '''[[Pyotr Georgyevich Novikov|Pyotr Novikov]]'''{{POW}}<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} '''[[Dmitry Timofeyevich Kozlov|Dmitry Kozlov]]'''<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} '''[[Lev Mekhlis]]'''<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} {{ill|Alexey Pervushin|ru|Первушин, Алексей Николаевич}}{{WIA}}<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} {{ill|Konstantin Kolganov|ru|Колганов, Константин Степанович}}<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} {{ill|Vladimir Lvov (officer)|lt=Vladimir Lvov|ru|Львов, Владимир Николаевич (генерал)}}{{KIA}}<br>{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} [[Sergey Gorshkov]]}}

| units1            = {{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} '''[[11th Army (Wehrmacht)|11th Army]]'''
* {{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[LIV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|LIV Corps]]
* {{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[XXX Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXX Corps]]
* {{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[XXXXII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXXXII Corps]]
* {{flagdeco|Kingdom of Romania}} [[7th Army Corps (Romania)|7th Corps]]
* {{flagdeco|Kingdom of Romania}} [[Vânători de munte|Mountain Corps]]
* {{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[8th Air Corps (Germany)|VIII Air Corps]]

| units2            = {{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} '''[[Crimean Front]]'''
* {{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} [[44th Army (Soviet Union)|44th Army]]
* {{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} [[47th Army]]
* {{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} [[51st Army (Russia)|51st Army]]
* {{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} {{ill|Crimean Front VVS|ru|ВВС Кавказского фронта}}
{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} '''[[Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)|Sevastopol Defence Region]]'''}}
* {{flagdeco|Soviet Union|1936}} [[Separate Coastal Army|Coastal Army]]
{{flagdeco|Soviet Union|naval-1935}} '''[[Black Sea Fleet]]'''
* {{flagdeco|Soviet Union|naval-1935}} [[Azov Flotilla]]
| strength1         = 
| strength2         = 
| casualties1       = 30,000 dead, wounded or missing
| casualties2       = 65,000 captured<br />212 vehicles destroyed<br />672 guns
}}
{{Campaignbox Axis-Soviet War}}
{{Campaignbox Barbarossa}}
{{Campaignbox Black Sea campaigns (1941–44)}}
{{Campaignbox Crimea and Caucasus}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F016223-0024, Russland, Krim, Panzer IV im Einsatz.jpg|German [[Panzer IV]] tank and soldiers in the Crimea, 1942.|thumb|right]]

The '''Crimea campaign''' was an eight-month-long campaign by [[Axis forces]] to conquer the [[Crimea|Crimean Peninsula]], and was the scene of some of the bloodiest battles on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] during [[World War II]].{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} The [[Nazi Germany|German]], [[Romania in World War II|Romanian]], and defending [[Soviet Union in World War II|Soviet]] troops suffered heavy casualties as the Axis forces tried to advance through the [[Isthmus of Perekop]] linking the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland at [[Perekop]], from summer of 1941 through to the first half of 1942.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

From 26&nbsp;September 1941 the German [[11th Army (Wehrmacht)|11th Army]] and troops from the [[Romania]]n [[Third Army (Romania)|Third Army]] and [[Fourth Army (Romania)|Fourth Army]] were involved in the fighting,<ref name=Atlas>p.&nbsp;62, Keegan</ref> opposed by the Red Army's [[51st Army (Soviet Union)|51st&nbsp;Army]] and elements of the [[Black Sea Fleet]]. After the campaign, the peninsula was occupied by [[Army Group&nbsp;A]] with the [[17th Army (Wehrmacht)|17th&nbsp;Army]] as its major subordinate formation.<ref>p.&nbsp;71, p.&nbsp;79, Bishop</ref>

Once the Axis (German and Romanian troops) broke through, they occupied most of Crimea, with the exception of the city of [[Sevastopol]], which was given the title of [[Hero City (Soviet Union)|Hero City]] for its resistance, and [[Kerch]], which was recaptured by the Soviets during an amphibious operation near the end of 1941 and then taken once again by the Germans during [[Battle of the Kerch Peninsula|Operation Bustard Hunt]] on 8&nbsp;May.<ref name=Atlas/><ref>see Kerch in Osvobozhdeniye gorodov on www.soldat.ru</ref> The [[Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)|Siege of Sevastopol]] lasted 250&nbsp;days from 30&nbsp;October 1941 until 4&nbsp;July 1942, when the Axis finally captured the city.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

In the early hours of 6 November, the Romanian submarine [[NMS Delfinul|''Delfinul'']], commanded by [[Constantin Costăchescu]], torpedoed and sank the Soviet 1,975-ton cargo ship ''Uralets'' four miles South of [[Yalta]]. The submarine was subsequently attacked by Soviet forces but she followed a route along the Turkish coast and managed to evade up to 80 depth charges, before safely arriving in the port of [[Constanța]] on 7 November.<ref>Antony Preston, ''Warship 2001-2002'', Conway Maritime Press, 2001. p. 76</ref><ref>Richard Compton-Hall, ''Submarines at War 1939-1945'', Periscope Publishing, 2004, p. 127</ref><ref>Florian Bichir, ''Corsarii uitați ai adâncurilor'', p. 101 (in Romanian)</ref>

Sevastopol, the main object of the campaign, was surrounded by German forces and assaulted on 30&nbsp;October 1941. German troops were repulsed by a Soviet counterattack. Later, many troops who had been [[Siege of Odessa (1941)#Aftermath|evacuated]] from [[Odessa]] contributed to the defence of Sevastopol. The Germans then began an encirclement of the city. Other attacks on 11&nbsp;November and 30&nbsp;November, in the eastern and southern sections of the city, failed. German forces were then reinforced by several artillery regiments, one of which included the railway gun ''[[Schwerer Gustav]]''.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} Another attack on 17&nbsp;December was repulsed at the last moment with the help of reinforcements and Soviet troops landed on the Kerch peninsula the day after [[Christmas]], to relieve Sevastopol. The Soviet forces remained on the peninsula until a 9&nbsp;April German counterattack. They held on for another month before being eliminated on 18&nbsp;May. With the distraction removed, German forces renewed their assault on Sevastopol, penetrating the inner defensive lines on 29&nbsp;June.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} Soviet commanders had been flown out or evacuated by submarine towards the end of the siege and the city surrendered on 4&nbsp;July 1942, although some Soviet troops held out in caves outside of the city until 9 July.<ref name=Atlas/>{{additional citation needed|date=June 2021}}

In 1944, Crimea was recaptured by troops of the [[4th&nbsp;Ukrainian Front]] during the [[Crimean Offensive]] (8&nbsp;April 1944&nbsp;– 12&nbsp;May 1944) and its three sub-operations:{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}
* [[Kerch–Eltigen Operation]] (31 October 1943 – 11 December 1943)
* Perekop–Sevastopol Offensive Operation (8 April 1944 – 12 May 1944)
* Kerch–Sevastopol Offensive Operation (11 April 1944 – 12 May 1944)

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Bishop, Chris, The Military Atlas of World War II, Igloo Books, London, 2005 {{ISBN|1-904687-53-9}}
* http://www.soldat.ru/spravka/freedom/1-ssr-3.html Dudarenko, M.L., Perechnev, Yu.G., Yeliseev, V.T., et.el., Reference guide "Liberation of cities": reference for liberation of cities during the period of the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945, Moscow, 1985 (Дударенко, М.Л., Перечнев, Ю.Г., Елисеев, В.Т. и др., сост. Справочник «Освобождение городов: Справочник по освобождению городов в период Великой Отечественной войны 1941–1945»)
* Keegan, John, The Times Atlas of the Second World War, Crescent Books, New York

{{Subject bar
| portal2=Soviet Union
}}
{{World War II}}
{{WWII history by nation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Crimea (1941), The Battle Of}}
[[Category:World War II sites in Ukraine]]
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[[Category:Military campaigns involving Germany]]
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[[Category:Military history of Romania during World War II]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1941]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1942]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War]]
[[Category:Romania–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Naval battles of World War II involving Romania]]
[[Category:October 1941 events]]
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