Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Déclaration d'utilité publique

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
A '''''déclaration d'utilité publique''''', or '''declaration of public utility''', is a formal recognition in [[French law]] that a proposed project has public benefits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.easydroit.fr/codes-et-lois/Section-1-Declaration-d-utilite-publique-du-Code-de-l-expropriation-pour-cause-d-utilite-publique/S35376/|accessdate=2011-02-14|title=Section 1 : Déclaration d'utilité publique. du Code de ... - LEGISCTA000006159476}}</ref> The declaration must be obtained for many large construction projects in [[France]] or its old colonies, especially for infrastructure, before work can begin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lexique|newspaper=Le Monde|date=2007-12-20}}</ref>

==Process==
The first part of the declaration is a [[public inquiry]], usually started by a [[prefect (France)|prefect]], to collect the views of all affected parties. Responses from affected parties are considered by a commissioner, who assesses whether the proposal has an overall benefit for the public.

If the finding is favourable, the declaration is granted by decree.

==Legal basis==
The ''déclaration d'utilité publique'' was initially required by article 545 of the [[Napoleonic Code|Civil Code]], which stipulates that property cannot be confiscated except for public purposes and with fair compensation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006428866&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070721|accessdate=2011-02-14|title=Article 545}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
The public inquiry, when it enables informed debate, is considered one of the means of participatory democracy.<ref>Blatrix C (1996) ''Vers une démocratie participative ? Le cas de l'enquête publique.'' La gouvernabilité, 299-313.</ref>

But one of the main criticisms levelled at the DUP (Declaration of Public Utility) procedure is that it comes at the end of the process, often when the decision is considered to have already been taken. Opponents of projects have accused prefectures of "salami-slicing" investigations, preventing a global vision of the project, or even providing misleading data.<ref name="Le Monde">"Les limites décriées des enquêtes publiques" d'[[Hervé Kempf]], ''Le Monde'', du dimanche 30 juin-lundi 1<sup>er</sup> juillet, page 8.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Eminent domain]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Declaration D'utilite Publique}}
[[Category:Law of France]]
[[Category:Eminent domain]]
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