Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Dalian Metro

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{for|Tram Routes 201 and 202|Trams in Dalian}}
{{short description|Rapid transit system of Dalian, Liaoning, China}}
{{Infobox Public transit
|name            = Dalian Metro
|image           =
|imagesize       = 80px
|image2          = Dalian Metro Line 3 Train.jpg
|imagesize2      = 300px
|locale          = [[Dalian]], [[Liaoning]], China
|transit_type    = [[Rapid transit]]
|began_operation = {{Start date and age|2002|11|08|df=yes}}
|ended_operation =
|system_length   = {{convert|213.26|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=dm201910>{{cite web|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/R_Hps0KRPbW06UlMRsgZ_A|title=你关心的大连地铁建设情况来了|work=Dalian Metro|date=2019-10-20}}</ref>
|el              = 1,500 V DC
|lines           = 6
|vehicles        =
|stations        = 107
|ridership       = 431,000 (2017 Daily Avg.)<ref name = "ridership"/>
|annual_ridership= 157.2 million (2017)<ref name = "ridership">{{cite web|url=http://www.camet.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=18&id=13532|date=2018-04-19|title=2017年统计报告|access-date=2018-04-28|publisher=中国城市轨道交通协会|archive-date=2019-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502180226/http://www.camet.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=18&id=13532|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|track_gauge     =
|reporting marks =
|operator        = Dalian Metro Group Co., Ltd. (All lines)
|owner           =
|map             = [[File:Dalian Metro System Map.svg|250px]]
|website         = http://www.dlmetro.com
|alt             = |caption=|area served=|line_number=|start=|end=|chief_executive=|character=|map_state=}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title=Dalian Mass Transit System
|float=
|pic=
|piccap=
|picsize=
|s=大连轨道交通
|t=大連軌道交通
|p=Dàlián Gǔidào Jiāotōng
|altname= Dalian Metro
|altname3= Dalian Rapid Transit (DRT)
|s2=大连地铁
|t2=大連地鐵
|p2=Dàlián Dìtiě
|s3=大连快轨
|t3=大連快軌
|p3=Dàlián Kuàiguǐ
|order=st
}}
The '''Dalian Metro''' is a [[rapid transit]] system in the city of [[Dalian]], [[Liaoning]], China. The metro system opened on 1 May 2003. The system currently in operation consists of 6 lines: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 5, Line 12, and Line 13.

==Lines in operation==
[[File:Dalian Metro System Map.svg|thumb|center|Map of Dalian Metro.|800px]]
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="cell-padding:1.5; font-size:96%; text-align:center;"
! data-sort-type="text"style="width:120px;" |Line
! class="unsortable" colspan="2" style="width:450px; line-height:1.05"|Terminals<br><small>(District)</small>
! Commencement
! Newest<br>Extension
! style="line-height:1.05"| Length<br><small>km</small>
! style="line-height:1.05"| [[List of Dalian Metro stations|Stations]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | {{rint|dalian|1}}
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Yaojia}}'''<small><br>([[Ganjingzi District|Ganjingzi]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Hekou}}'''<small><br>([[Ganjingzi District|Ganjingzi]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 2015
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 2017
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 28.34<ref name=dm201910 />
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 22
|-
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | {{rint|dalian|2}}
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Dalian North Railway Station}}'''<small><br>([[Ganjingzi District|Ganjingzi]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Haizhiyun}}'''<small><br>([[Zhongshan District, Dalian|Zhongshan]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 2015
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 2022
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 37.97<ref name=dm201910 />
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 29
|-
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" rowspan="2"| {{rint|dalian|3}}
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Dalian}}'''<small><br>([[Zhongshan District, Dalian|Zhongshan]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Golden Pebble Beach}}'''<small><br>([[Jinzhou District|Jinzhou]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" rowspan="2"| 2003
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" rowspan="2"| 2008
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" rowspan="2"| 63.45<ref name=dm201910 />
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" rowspan="2"| 18
|-
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Dalian Development Area}}'''<small><br>([[Jinzhou District|Jinzhou]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Jiuli}}'''{{efn|name=through|Through operation between Line 3 Branch and Line 13 is currently provided}}<small><br>([[Jinzhou District|Jinzhou]])</small>
|-
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | {{rint|dalian|5}}
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Hutan Xinqu}}'''<small><br>([[Zhongshan District, Dalian|Zhongshan]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Houguan}}'''<small><br>([[Ganjingzi District|Ganjingzi]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 2023
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | -
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 24.48<ref name=dm201910 />
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 18
|-
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | {{rint|dalian|12}}
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Hekou}}'''<small><br>([[Ganjingzi District|Ganjingzi]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Lüshun New Port}}'''<small><br>([[Lüshunkou District|Lüshunkou]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 2013
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 2017
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 40.35<ref name=dm201910 />
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 8
|-
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | {{rint|dalian|13}}
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Jiuli}}'''{{efn|name=through}}<small><br>([[Jinzhou District|Jinzhou]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; width:225px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|DLM|Pulandian Zhenxing Street}}'''<small><br>([[Pulandian District|Pulandian]])</small>
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 2021
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | -
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 43.15<ref name=dm201910 />
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" | 12
|-class="sortbottom"
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" colspan="5"|'''Total'''
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" |'''237.74'''
|style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05" |'''107'''
|}

===Line 1===
[[File:Xinghai Square Station Platform 20190621.jpg|thumb|[[Xinghai Square station]] of Line 1]]
{{main |Line 1 (Dalian Metro)}}
Line 1, which opened in 2015, connects east southeast central Dalian with north Dalian. The total length is {{convert|28.34|km|mi|2|abbr=on}},<ref name=dm201910 /> with 22 underground stations.

This line will run from Phoenix Peak to the Development Zone. Stations are Phoenix Peak (interchange with the Line 3 branch), Sidalin Avenue, Wuyi Road, Sujia, Maoyingzi, Houguan, Yaojia, Nanguanling (interchange with Line 2), Zhonghua Square, Dongwei Road (interchange with Line 4), [[Shahekou]], Xi'an Road (interchange with Line 2), Convention and Exhibition Center, Heishijiao, Xueyuan Square, Xinghai Park, Maritime University, Gaoxinyuanqu, Hekou, Huangnichuan, Longwangtan, College Town, [[Shuishiying]] (interchange with Line 4), Shibanqiao, Tieshanzhen, and the Development Zone. A branch will be constructed from Wuyi Road to Jinbo Coast. There will be one station in between (Jinzhou West). The line will be constructed in three phases. Phase 1 will run from Yaojia to the Convention and Exhibition Center, Phase 2 to Hekou and the remainder in Phase 3. After the completion of this line, there will be tram and metro services from Shahekou to Hekou. Line 1's color is <span style="color:#{{rcr|DLM|1}};">'''green'''</span>.{{clear}}

===Line 2===
{{main |Line 2 (Dalian Metro)}}
[[File:Gangwan Square Station Platform 20190621.jpg|thumb|[[Gangwan Square station]] of Line 2]]
Line 2, opened in 2015, connects east central Dalian with west central Dalian. Currently, the line is {{convert|25.74|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}<ref name=dm201910 /> long with 21 stations. The line is C-shaped.

The line will run from Haizhiyun to {{stl|DLM|Dalian North}} when fully completed. The line will be constructed in two phases: Phase 1 from Airport to Haizhiyun, and the remainder in Phase 2. Line 2's color is <span style="color:#{{rcr|DLM|2}};">'''blue'''</span>.{{clear}}

===Line 3===
[[File:Dalian Metro, Kaifaqu Station.JPG|thumb|[[Dalian Development Area station]] of Line 3]]
{{main|Line 3 (Dalian Metro)}}
Line 3, also known as [[Jinzhou District|Jinzhou]] Eastern Line, connects the Dalian Development Zone and {{stl|DLM|Golden Pebble Beach}} with the Dalian city center. It is a serpentine line, mostly elevated or at grade, and runs from the {{stl|DLM|Dalian}} to {{stl|DLM|Golden Pebble Beach}}. The northern area of the city, where the Economic and Technology Development Zone is located, is not well-served by buses. The metro line beginning at the downtown commercial center (near the {{stl|DLM|Dalian}}) runs through five administrative districts of the city and serves as an express transport between the northern (developing) region and the downtown area. The line extends northward to {{stl|DLM|Golden Pebble Beach}} (Jinshitan Scenic Area), a national scenic park {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the city center. A branch line was opened in 2008 and this line connects central Dalian with [[Jinzhou District]] (金州区) with seven stations from south to north. The branch line begins at {{stl|DLM|Dalian Development Area}} and stretches northwest ending at {{stl|DLM|Jiuli}}.

All stations have side platforms. Tracks in the platform area have no [[Track ballast|ballast]] (gravel); however, tracks outside the station are on ballast. All stations are covered by a combination of transparent corrugated sheets and a concrete roof. Line 3's color is <span style="color:#{{rcr|DLM|3}};">'''magenta'''</span>.{{clear}}

===Line 5===
{{main|Line 5 (Dalian Metro)}}
Line 5 runs from Houguan to [[Dalian railway station]] and then to Hutan Xinqu. Interchange stations are Houyan (interchange with Line 3), Dalian railway station (interchange with Line 3), Qingniwaqiao (interchange with Line 2). The line opened on 17 March 2023.<ref name=open5>{{cite web|url=https://cj.sina.com.cn/articles/view/1686546714/6486a91a02001un8m|title=大连地铁5号线将于3月17日10时38分开通运营}}</ref> Line 5's color is <span style="color:#{{rcr|DLM|5}};">'''red'''</span>.

===Line 12===
[[File:Tahewan Station Platform 20190621.jpg|thumb|[[Tahewan station]] of Line 12]]
{{main|Line 12 (Dalian Metro)}}
Line 12, also known as Tram Route 202 Extension Line, was opened in 2013 and connects central Dalian with [[Lüshunkou District]]. The total length is {{convert|40.35|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=dm201910 /> with 8 stations from west to east. This line begins at Lüshun New Port station and stretches east ending at Hekou station, which is the interchange station with [[Line 1 (Dalian Metro)|Line 1]]. Line 12's color is <span style="color:#{{rcr|DLM|12}};">'''purple'''</span>.{{clear}}

===Line 13 (Phase I)===
{{main|Line 13 (Dalian Metro)}}
The first phase of Line 13 runs from Jiuli to Pulandian Zhenxing Street.<ref name=Line13>{{cite web|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/bs7pFhyTnEoNIX3q2o_lZg|title=地铁13号线最新消息！|author=大连地铁|date=2021-01-29}}</ref> It opened on 28 December 2021.<ref name=Line13 /> Line 13's color is <span style="color:#{{rcr|DLM|13}};">'''yellow'''</span>.

==Future development==
===Under construction===
[[File:Dalian Metro System Map.svg|thumb|center|Map of Dalian Metro with under construction lines.|800px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
| align=center | '''Line'''<br/>
| align=center | '''Phase/extension'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''Terminals'''
| align=center | '''Scheduled Opening'''
| align=center | '''Total Length'''<br/><small>in [[Kilometre|km]]</small>
| align=center | '''Stations'''
|- style = "background:#606060; height: 2pt"
| colspan = "8" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{rint|dalian|4}}
| style="text-align: center;" | Phase 1
| [[Yingchengzi station|Yingchengzi]]
| [[Suoyuwan station|Suoyuwan]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2027<ref name=m4-2022 />
| style="text-align: center;" | 23.01<ref name=m4-2022 />
| style="text-align: center;" | 17
|}

====Line 4====
Phase 1 of Line 4 will be 23.01&nbsp;km in length with 17 stations, from Yingchengzi to Suoyuwan. It is expected to open in 2027.<ref name=m4-2022 >{{cite web|url=https://dalian.runsky.com/2022-06/30/content_6201548.html |date=2022-06-30| title=大连地铁4号线新突破！ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230316010128/https://dalian.runsky.com/2022-06/30/content_6201548.html |archive-date=2023-03-16}}</ref> Proposed stations are Suoyuwan (interchange with Line 5), Dongfang Road, Jinjia Street (interchange with Line 3), Jinsanjiao, Songjiang Road (interchange with Line 1), Xibei Road, Xinda Street, Zelong Lake, Polytechnic University, Xinzhaizi (interchange with Line 2), Xinping Street, Yinxing Avenue, Zhoujiagou, Dongnanshan, Qianmu, Xingfucun, Yingchengzi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dalian.runsky.com/2020-12/04/content_6096889.html |date=2020-12-04 |title=大连地铁4号线线路一期工程规划方案公示 }}</ref>

===Planned===
[[File:Dalian Rail Transit.svg|thumb|400px|Dalian Metro long-term plan|alt=Schematic map of Dalian Metro, with color-coded lines]]
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
| align=center | '''Line'''<br/>
| align=center | '''Phase/extension'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''Terminals'''
| align=center | '''Scheduled Opening'''
| align=center | '''Total Length'''<br/><small>in [[Kilometre|km]]</small>
| align=center | '''Stations'''
|- style = "background:#606060; height: 2pt"
| colspan = "8" |
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{rint|dalian|1}}
| style="text-align: center;" | Phase III
| [[Yaojia station|Yaojia]]
| Dalian New Airport ([[Dalian Jinzhouwan International Airport|Dalian Jinzhouwan Airport]])
| {{tba}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 14.1<ref name=sina2022>{{cite web|url=https://k.sina.cn/article_7517400647_1c0126e4705902d85o.html |title=大连地铁13号线二期（金普南线）拟设站11座 }}</ref>
| style="text-align: center;" | 4<ref name=sina2022 />
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{rint|dalian|13}}
| style="text-align: center;" | Phase II
| [[Dalian North railway station|Dalian North Railway Station]]
| [[Jiuli station|Jiuli]]
| {{tba}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 22.92<ref name=sina2022 />
| style="text-align: center;" | 11<ref name=sina2022 />
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{rint|dalian|7}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| [[Baiheshanzhuang station|Baiheshanzhuang]]
| [[Gangwan Square station|Gangwan Square]]
| {{tba}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 16.5<ref name=dm201910 />
| style="text-align: center;" | 17
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | {{rint|dalian|11}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| [[Yingchengzi station|Yingchengzi]]
| [[Shimao station (Dalian Metro)|Shimao]]
| {{tba}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 14.0
| style="text-align: center;" | 4
|- style = "background:#606060; height: 2pt"
| colspan = "8" |
|}

In 2009 the Dalian government announced plans for nine metro lines spanning a total of {{convert|262.9|km}}, which would include the existing Line 3 and the branch of Line 3.

Four lines have been finalized as of 2012. The expansion project (in accordance with Chinese standards for the design and construction of [[Rapid transit|metros]]) will use around 70 percent local labor and materials. Trains will be equipped with [[Automatic Train Control|ATO]], and stations will use an automatic fare-collection system. When lines open, they will initially operate at 38,000 p/h/d;<!-- Passenger hours per day? --> over time, with the addition of more trains and decreasing [[headway]], a capacity of 43,200 p/h/d is planned. The expansion program will ease traffic in Dalian (improving travel around the city for the 12th [[National Games of China]], which will be held in [[Liaoning]] in 2013).

According to a National Development and Reform Foundation (2009) document, the urban rail transit construction plan (2009–2016) in Dalian was approved. According to the plan, the Dalian transit project is expected to invest ¥22&nbsp;billion from 2009 to 2016 to build lines 1-5.

===Long-term plan===
* [[Line 6 (Dalian Metro)|Line 6]]
* [[Line 8 (Dalian Metro)|Line 8]]
* [[Line 9 (Dalian Metro)|Line 9]]
* [[Line 10 (Dalian Metro)|Line 10]]
* [[Line 14 (Dalian Metro)|Line 14]]
* [[Line 15 (Dalian Metro)|Line 15]]
* [[Line 16 (Dalian Metro)|Line 16]]
* [[Line 17 (Dalian Metro)|Line 17]]
* [[Line 18 (Dalian Metro)|Line 18]]
* [[Line 19 (Dalian Metro)|Line 19]]
* [[Line 20 (Dalian Metro)|Line 20]]

==Tickets==
The lowest fare between two stations is one [[Chinese yuan|yuan]]; the fare between more than two stations is two yuan. The full fare between Dalian Station and Golden Pebble Beach is eight yuan; between Dalian Station and Jiuli the fare is seven yuan. The Pearl Card is a discounted, monthly [[smart card]].

==Rolling stock==
The trains were developed and manufactured by DLoco, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company. As of 2012, 10 trains are running on line 3 at an average speed of {{convert|60|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.

;Specification:<ref>{{cite news|title=Dalian metro railway car}}<!--|access-date=2013-06-29--></ref>
*1500 volts DC voltage
*Train length: 78 meters
*Train width {{convert|2.8|m}}
*Train height {{convert|3.8|m}}
*Axle load: 14 tons
*Capacity: 800 passengers (176 seated)
*Seats: 176
*Traction power for AC drive: 1,440 kilowatts (180&nbsp;kW × 8)
*Maximum speed: {{convert|100|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
*Full range of cars equipped with 20 seats (FG0001-0020—includes 0001-0010 as the first batch, 0011-0020 for the second batch; two groups of slightly-different vehicles)

Dalian Metro ordered 38 type B trainsets in six-car formations. 18 and 20 sets will run on the future lines 1 and 2 respectively. They will have a similar lightweight, corrosion-resistant stainless-steel body. The design speed is set to {{convert|80|km/h|0|abbr=on}}; each train will have a capacity of 1,440 passengers.<ref name="runskyrollingstock">{{cite web | url=http://dalian.runsky.com/2012-08/26/content_4422047.htm | script-title=zh:大连自造地铁列车 车型与北京沈阳地铁相同 | publisher=大连天健网 | date=2012-08-26 | access-date=2012-08-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830000920/http://dalian.runsky.com/2012-08/26/content_4422047.htm | archive-date=2012-08-30 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Naming==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:1.05"
|-
!Operation name
!Plan name
|-
| Line 1 || M1
|-
| Line 2 || M2
|-
| Line 3 || R3
|-
| Line 4 || M4
|-
| Line 5 || M5
|-
| Line 6 || M6
|-
| Line 7 || M7
|-
| Line 8 || M8
|-
| Line 9 || M9
|-
| Line 10 || M10
|-
| Line 11 || R1, R9, R10
|-
| Route 202 Ext. Line → Line 12 || R2
|-
| Line 13 || R4
|-
| Line 14 || R5
|-
| Line 15 || R6
|-
| Line 16 || R7
|-
| Line 17 || R8
|-
| Line 18 || P1
|-
| Line 19 || P2
|-
| Line 20 || P3
|}

== Network map ==
{{Rapid transit OSM map
| system_qid   = Q1660254
| frame-lat    =  
| frame-long   = 
| frame-width  = 600
| frame-height = 500
| zoom         = 9
| length       = yes
}}

==See also==
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in China]]
*[[Trams in Dalian]] (Tram Route 201 and 202)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}
{{notelist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.dlmetro.com Official Website (1) of Dalian Metro Group Co., Ltd]
* [http://www.dlsubway.com.cn Official Website (2) of Dalian Metro Group Co., Ltd]
* [http://www.urbanrail.net/as/cn/dalian/dalian.htm UrbanRail.net's page on the Dalian Metro]
{{Liaoning transit}}
{{Dalian Metro Station|1=yes|2=yes|3=yes|5=yes|12=yes|13=yes}}
{{Rapid transit in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Dalian}}
{{Rapid transit in Asia}}

{{Coord|38.9882|121.6592|type:landmark_source:enwiki-googlemaplink|display=title}}

[[Category:Dalian Metro]]
[[Category:Projects established in 1987]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2003]]
[[Category:1500 V DC railway electrification]]
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