Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Dallas

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Dalles (disambiguation){{!}}Dalles|Dulles (disambiguation){{!}}Dulles}}
{{Redirect|D-town|the record label|D-Town Records}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Dallas <!--Do not add state, per Infobox:settlement.-->
| settlement_type    = City
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image|total_width = 300px|perrow = 1/3/2/3|border = infobox|caption_align = center
| image1 = View of Dallas from Reunion Tower August 2015 13.jpg
| alt1   = 
| caption1 = [[Downtown Dallas]]
| image2 = Big Tex 2013.jpg
| alt2   =
| caption2 = [[State Fair of Texas]]
| image3 = Old Red Museum of Dallas County History & Culture.png
| alt3   =
| caption3 = [[Dallas County Courthouse (Texas)|Old Red Museum]]
| image4 = Winspear Opera House 28.jpg
| alt4   = 
| caption4 = [[Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House|Winspear Opera House]]
| image5 = Perot Museum of Nature and Science pano 02.jpg
| alt5   = 
| caption5 = [[Perot Museum of Nature and Science|Perot Museum]]
| image6 = American Airlines Center August 2015.jpg
| alt6   = 
| caption6 = [[American Airlines Center]]
| image7  = South campus UTSW Nima.jpg
| alt7   =
| caption7 = [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center|UT Southwestern Medical Center]]
| image8  = Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge designed by Santiago Calatrava.jpg
| alt8   =
| caption8 = [[Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge]]
| image9  = John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial (14012260475).jpg
| alt9   =
| caption9 = [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial|JFK Memorial]] 
}}
| imagesize          = 50px
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Flag of Dallas.svg
| flag_size          = 100px
| image_seal         = Seal of Dallas.svg
| seal_size          = 90px
| seal_alt           = Seal of Dallas, Texas
| image_blank_emblem = 
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo
| nicknames          = Big D, D-Town, Triple D, 214
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=280|frame-height=280|frame-align=center|stroke-width=2|zoom=9|type=shape-inverse|stroke-color=#808080|fill=#808080|title=Dallas|id=Q16557|fill-opacity=0.4|frame-coordinates={{Coord|32.789167|-96.779889}}}}
| map_caption        = Interactive map of Dallas
| pushpin_map        = Texas#USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Texas##Location in the United States
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{Coord|32|46|45|N|96|48|32|W|type:city(1,300,000)_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Texas]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas]], [[Collin County, Texas|Collin]], [[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], [[Kaufman County, Texas|Kaufman]], [[Rockwall County, Texas|Rockwall]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Texas|Counties]]
| established_title  = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date   = {{Start date and age|1856|02|02}}
| parts_type         = [[List of counties in Texas|Counties]]
| parts_style        = para
| parts              = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
| government_type    = [[Council–manager]]
| governing_body     = [[Dallas City Council]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor of Dallas|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Eric Johnson (Texas politician)|Eric Johnson]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web|title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 23, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi   = 385.9
| area_total_km2     = 999.2
| area_land_sq_mi    = 339.604
| area_land_km2      = 879.56
| area_water_sq_mi   = 43.87
| area_water_km2     = 113.60
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 420
| population_as_of   = 2020
| population_total   = 1,304,379
| pop_est_as_of      = 2022
| population_est     = 1,299,544 {{decrease}}
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| population_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Dallas city, Texas |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/dallascitytexas/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 20, 2021}}</ref>
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021}}</ref>
| population_metro   = 7637387 (US: [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|4th]])
| population_rank    = [[List of North American cities by population|18th]] in North America<br />[[List of United States cities by population|9th]] in the United States<br />[[List of municipalities in Texas|3rd]] in Texas
| population_urban   = 5,732,354 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|6th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,267.0
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 3,281.5
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 8, 2023}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Dallasite
| demographics_type2       = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes  = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Total Gross Domestic Product for Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (MSA)|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP19100|website=fred.stlouisfed.org}}</ref>
|demographics2_title1     = Dallas (MSA)
|demographics2_info1      = $688.9 billion (2022)
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = {{collapsible list
|title      = ZIP Codes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |access-date=September 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104123722/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp |archive-date=November 4, 2010 }}</ref>
|framestyle = border:none; padding: 0;
|liststyle  = text-align:center;display:none
|75201-75212, 75214-75238, 75240-75244, 75246-75254, 75260-75267, 75270, 75275, 75277, 75283-75285, 75287, 75301, 75303, 75312-75313, 75315, 75320, 75326, 75336, 75339, 75342, 75354-75360, 75367-75368, 75370-75374, 75376, 75378-75382, 75389-75395, 75397-75398}}
| area_code          = [[Area codes 214, 469, 972, and 945|214, 469, 945, 972]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=682&frmNXX=&frmCity=Dallas&frmState=TX&frmZip=&frmCounty=Dallas&frmCompany=&search.x=0&search.y=0|title=Area Code Lookup (NPA NXX)|website=Area-codes.com|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=817&frmNXX=&frmCity=Dallas&frmState=TX&frmZip=&frmCounty=Dallas&frmCompany=&search.x=0&search.y=0|title=Area Code Lookup (NPA NXX)|website=Area-codes.com|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref>
| area_code_type     = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
| website            = {{URL|http://www.dallascityhall.com/|dallascityhall.com}}
| footnotes          = 
| pushpin_label      = Dallas
| timezone           = [[Central Time Zone|Central]]
| utc_offset         = −06:00
| timezone_DST       = [[Central Time Zone|Central]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −05:00
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info_sec1    = 48-19000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info_sec1   = 1380944<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1380944}}</ref>
}}

'''Dallas''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|æ|l|ə|s}}) is a city in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]] and the most populous city in the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]], the [[List of Texas metropolitan areas|most populous metropolitan area in Texas]] and the [[Metropolitan statistical area|4th most populous metropolitan area in the United States]] at 7.5&nbsp;million people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=U.S. Census |title=American FactFinder – Results |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2018/PEPANNCHG.US24PR |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213004937/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2018/PEPANNCHG.US24PR |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |access-date=May 29, 2019 |website=factfinder.census.gov |language=en}}</ref> It is the most populous city in and [[County seat|seat]] of [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]] with portions extending into [[Collin County, Texas|Collin]], [[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], [[Kaufman County, Texas|Kaufman]], and [[Rockwall County, Texas|Rockwall]] counties. With a [[2020 United States census|2020 census]] population of 1,304,379, it is the [[List of United States cities by population|ninth-most populous city in the U.S.]] and the [[List of cities in Texas by population|third-most populous city in Texas]] after [[Houston]] and [[San Antonio]].<ref name="Infoplease-2023">{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Cities in the U.S. by Population and Rank |url=https://www.infoplease.com/us/cities/top-50-cities-us-population-and-rank |website=www.infoplease.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 2017 |title=Facts |url=https://texasalmanac.com/topics/facts-profile |access-date=November 19, 2018 |website=Texas Almanac |language=en}}</ref> Located in the [[North Texas]] region, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the [[Southern United States]] and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea.{{efn|In ascending order from the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] ([[List of United States cities by population|in terms of metropolitan population]]): Chicago via [[Lake Michigan]], Los Angeles via the Pacific Ocean and New York City via the Atlantic Ocean. For attempts to render the Trinity River navigable to the Gulf of Mexico, see {{cite web |title=Trinity River Navigation Projects  |series=The Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) |last=Gard |first=Wayne |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ett01 |access-date=February 9, 2023}}; The Trinity River Authority of Texas (TRA), {{cite web |url=http://www.trinityra.org/ourhistory|title=The Trinity River Authority of Texas (TRA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130916213822/http://www.trinityra.org/ourhistory |archive-date=September 16, 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=September 16, 2013}} (last visited September 16, 2013); {{cite AV media |title=Living with the Trinity: The Trinity River in Dallas, Fort Worth, North Texas and Beyond |url=http://trinityrivertexas.org/video_full.php |access-date=September 16, 2013 |archive-date=August 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831105707/http://www.trinityrivertexas.org/video_full.php |url-status=dead }}. See also [[Trinity River (Texas)]].}}

Dallas and nearby [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]] were initially developed as a product of the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to [[cotton]], [[cattle]], and later [[Petroleum|oil]] in [[North Texas|North]] and [[East Texas]]. The construction of the [[Interstate Highway System]] reinforced Dallas's prominence as a [[Transport hub|transportation hub]], with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it. Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and [[Financial centre|financial center]] and a major [[inland port]], due to the convergence of major railroad lines, interstate highways and the construction of [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]], one of the largest and [[List of busiest airports by passenger traffic|busiest airports]] in the world.<ref name="handbook_dallas2">{{Handbook of Texas|id=hdd01|name=Dallas, TX|first1=Jackie |last1=McElhaney |first2=Michael V. |last2=Hazel|retrieved=April 20, 2006}}</ref> In addition, [[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] (DART) operates rail and bus transit service throughout the city and its surrounding suburbs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DART Rail System Map |url=https://dart.org/maps/printrailmap.asp |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=dart.org}}</ref>

Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include [[Arms industry|defense]], [[financial services]], [[information technology]], [[Communications in the United States|telecommunications]], and [[Transportation in Dallas|transportation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dallas: Economy – Major Industries and Commercial Activity, Incentive ProgramsNew and Existing Companies |url=http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-South/Dallas-Economy.html |access-date=June 30, 2018 |website=City-data.com |language=en}}</ref> The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex hosts 23 [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] companies, the second-most in Texas and fourth-most in the United States,<ref name="ODOnnell-2022">{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2022 |title=Led by Exxon Mobil, 23 Dallas-Fort Worth companies score spots on 2022's Fortune 500 |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/business/local-companies/2022/05/23/led-by-exxon-mobil-23-dallas-fort-worth-companies-score-spots-on-2022s-fortune-500/ |access-date=June 10, 2022 |website=The Dallas Morning News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Fortune-2022a">{{Cite web |title=Here are this year's Fortune 500 companies by region |url=https://fortune.com/2022/06/04/fortune-500-companies-by-region-west-midwest-south-northeast/ |access-date=June 10, 2022 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> and 11 of those companies are located within Dallas city limits.<ref name="Fortune-2022">{{Cite web |title=Fortune 500 |url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2022/search/?hqcity=Dallas&hqstate=TX |access-date=June 10, 2022 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> [[List of colleges and universities in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Over 41 colleges and universities]] are located within its metropolitan area, which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas. The city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and one of the largest [[LGBT demographics of the United States|LGBT communities in the U.S.]]<ref name="Lindsey-2019a">{{cite web |title=About Dallas LGBT Community |url=https://www.visitdallas.com/about/diverse-dallas/-lgbt.html |access-date=April 25, 2019 |website=www.visitdallas.com |publisher=Visit Dallas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2015 |title=Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey |url=http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205101241/http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf |archive-date=February 5, 2015 |access-date=June 29, 2020}}</ref> [[WalletHub]] named Dallas the fifth-most diverse city in the United States in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dallas deemed one of the country's 5 most diverse cities by new report |url=https://dallas.culturemap.com/news/city-life/04-11-19-most-diverse-cities-america-wallethub-rank-2019/ |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=CultureMap Dallas |date=April 11, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Dallas}}
{{For timeline}}
[[File:Cram Dallas, Texas 1890 UTA.jpg|thumb|George C. Cram's 1890 map of Dallas|left]]

Indigenous tribes in [[North Texas]] included the [[Caddo]], [[Tawakoni]], [[Wichita people|Wichita]], [[Kickapoo people|Kickapoo]] and [[Comanche]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/local/fort-worth/article267106456.html |title=Which indigenous tribes lived in North Texas? Find out with this interactive map |work=Fort Worth Star-Telegram |last=Cardona |first=Megan |date=October 10, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/curious-texas/2020/09/09/what-happened-to-native-american-tribes-that-once-existed-in-north-texas-curious-texas-investigates/ |title=What happened to Native American tribes that once existed in North Texas? Curious Texas investigates |work=The Dallas Morning News |first=Nataly |last=Keomoungkhoun |date=September 9, 2020 |access-date=February 9, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/frontburner/2021/11/tales-from-the-dallas-history-archives-honoring-native-american-heritage-month/ |title=Tales from the Dallas History Archives: Honoring Native American Heritage Month |work=D Magazine |last=Murray |first=Brandon |date=November 24, 2021 |access-date=February 9, 2023}}</ref> Spanish colonists claimed the territory of Texas in the 18th century as a part of the Viceroyalty of [[New Spain]]. Later, France also [[French colonial empire|claimed the area]] but never established much settlement. In all, six flags have flown over the area preceding and during the city's history: those of France, Spain, and Mexico, the flag of the Republic of Texas, the Confederate flag, and the flag of the United States of America.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Alvarado|first=Catherine|title=A brief history of the six flags over Texas — including the Confederate flag|url=https://www.statesman.com/news/20161012/a-brief-history-of-the-six-flags-over-texas--including-the-confederate-flag|access-date=August 14, 2020|website=Austin American-Statesman|language=en}}</ref>

In 1819, the [[Adams–Onís Treaty]] between the United States and Spain defined the [[Red River of the South|Red River]] as the northern boundary of New Spain, officially placing the future location of Dallas well within Spanish territory.<ref name="bolton">{{cite book |last = Bolton |first = Herbert E. |author-link = Herbert Eugene Bolton |title = Athanase de Mezieres and the Louisiana-Texas Frontier 1768–1780 |url = https://archive.org/details/athanasedemzire01mzgoog |publisher=Arthur H Clark Company |year = 1914 |location = Cleveland}}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2020}} The area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexico declared independence from Spain]], and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of [[Coahuila y Tejas]]. In 1836, [[Texians]], with a majority of [[Anglo-Americans|Anglo-American]] settlers, [[Texas Revolution|gained independence from Mexico]] and formed the [[Republic of Texas]].<ref name="handbook_republic_of_texas">{{Handbook of Texas|id=mzr02|name=Republic of Texas|author=Joseph Milton Nance|retrieved=September 25, 2006}}</ref>

Three years after Texas achieved independence, [[John Neely Bryan]] surveyed the area around present-day Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/dallas_history.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422183559/http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/dallas_history.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 22, 2006|title=Dallas Historical Society: Dallas History|date=April 22, 2006|access-date=November 19, 2018}}</ref> In 1839, accompanied by his dog and a Cherokee he called Ned, he planted a stake in the ground on a bluff located near three forks of the Trinity River and left.<ref>{{Cite news | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2017/05/17/dallas-became-dallas | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | via = dallasnews.com | date = May 17, 2017 | title = The story of how Dallas became Dallas you probably haven't heard | first = Edward | last = McPherson | access-date = May 23, 2019}}</ref> Two years later, in 1841, he returned to establish a permanent settlement named Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 22, 2006|title=Dallas Historical Society: Dallas History|url=http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/dallas_history.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422183559/http://www.dallashistory.org/history/dallas/dallas_history.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 22, 2006|access-date=August 14, 2020}}</ref> The [[History of Dallas (1839–1855)#Establishment|origin of the name]] is uncertain. The official historical marker states it was named after Vice President [[George M. Dallas]] of [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. However, this is disputed. Other potential theories for the origin include his brother, [[Alexander J. Dallas (United States Navy officer)|Commodore Alexander James Dallas]], as well as brothers Walter R. Dallas and James R. Dallas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.corsicanadailysun.com/news/local_news/stringer---how-did-dallas-get-its-name/article_10df5bb3-45e1-5e6d-abf4-cc5b233cab15.html|title=Stringer – How did Dallas get its name?|last=Stringer|first=Tommy|work=Corsicana Daily Sun|access-date=September 27, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Origin of the Name Dallas|author=Dallas City Hall|url=https://dallascityhall.com/government/citysecretary/archives/Pages/Archives_DallasNameOrigin.aspx|access-date=December 7, 2018}}</ref> A further theory gives the ultimate origin as the village of [[Dallas, Moray]], Scotland,{{efn|If this theory is correct, the name is derived from [[Scottish Gaelic]] ''Dalais'', the etymology of which is in turn uncertain but may be from a [[Pictish language|Pictish]] term that roughly translates to "meadow abode".}} similar to the way [[Houston]], Texas, was named after [[Sam Houston]], whose ancestors came from the Scottish village of [[Houston, Renfrewshire]].

The Republic of Texas was [[Texas annexation|annexed by the United States in 1845]] and Dallas County was established the following year. Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2, 1856.<ref name="handbook_dallas2"/> In the mid-1800s, a group of French Socialists established [[La Réunion (Dallas)|La Réunion]], a short-lived community, along the Trinity River in what is now West Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keranews.org/post/1800s-french-socialists-came-dallas-and-built-utopia-collapsed-immediately|title=In The 1800s, French Socialists Came To Dallas And Built A Utopia That Collapsed Immediately|last=Kuo|first=Stephanie|website=Keranews.org|date=October 23, 2017|language=en|access-date=May 2, 2019}}</ref>[[File:Postcard of crowd two hours after the lynching of Allen Brooks in 1910.jpg|thumb|A postcard of the [[lynching]] of Allen Brooks in [[Downtown Dallas]], 1910|left]]With the construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and was booming by the end of the 19th century. It became an industrial city, attracting workers from [[Texas]], the South, and the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]]. The [[Praetorian Building]] in Dallas of 15 stories, built in 1909, was among the first [[skyscrapers]] west of [[Mississippi River|the Mississippi]] and the tallest building in Texas for some time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dallas' Tallest|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/1996/october/dallas-tallest/|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=D Magazine|date=October 1996 |language=en}}</ref> It marked the prominence of Dallas as a city. A racetrack for [[thoroughbred]]s was built and their owners established the Dallas Jockey Club. Trotters raced at a track in Fort Worth, where a similar drivers club was based. The rapid expansion of population increased competition for jobs and housing.

In 1910, a white mob of hundreds of people [[Lynching|lynched]] a black man, [[Lynching of Allen Brooks|Allen Brooks]], accused of raping a little girl. The mob tortured Brooks, then killed him at the downtown [[Main Street District, Dallas|intersection of Main and Akard]] by [[hanging]] him from a decorative archway inscribed with the words "Welcome Visitors". Thousands of Dallasites came to gawk at the torture scene, collecting keepsakes and posing for photographs.<ref name="Minutaglio">{{cite book |last=Minutaglio |first=Bill |author-link=Bill Minutaglio |date=2021 |title=A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles: A History of Politics and Race in Texas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYcHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |location= |publisher=University of Texas Press |pages=85–86 |isbn=9781477310366}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timeline.com/allen-brooks-dallas-lynching-4fc9132ee422 |title=In downtown Dallas, a crowd of 5,000 watched this black man get lynched—and they took souvenirs |last=Dillard |first= Coshandra |date=October 15, 2017 |website=Timeline |access-date=July 17, 2021 }}
</ref>

In 1921, the Mexican president [[Álvaro Obregón]] along with the former revolutionary general visited Downtown Dallas's Mexican Park in [[Little Mexico]]; the small park was on the corner of Akard and Caruth Street, site of the current Fairmont Hotel.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Villasana|first1=Sol|title=Dallas's Little Mexico|year=2011|publisher=Arcadia|isbn=978-0-7385-7979-5|page=71}}</ref> The small neighborhood of Little Mexico was home to a Latin American population that had been drawn to Dallas by factors including the [[American Dream]], better living conditions,<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 31, 2015|title=In Dallas, A New Generation Learns The History Of Little Mexico And Pike Park|url=https://www.keranews.org/education/2015-07-31/in-dallas-a-new-generation-learns-the-history-of-little-mexico-and-pike-park|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=KERA News|language=en}}</ref> and the Mexican Revolution.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 14, 2018|title=Dallas' Little Mexico is nearly gone in Uptown, but here's what remains|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2018/03/14/dallas-little-mexico-is-nearly-gone-in-uptown-but-heres-what-remains/|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=Dallas News|language=en}}</ref>[[File:JFK limousine.png|thumb|President [[John F. Kennedy]] riding in a [[Convertible|convertible car]] outside Dallas, along with his wife, [[Jackie Kennedy|Jacqueline]], and others inside, minutes before [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|he was assassinated]]|left]]During [[World War II]], Dallas was a major manufacturing center for military automobiles and aircraft for the United States and Allied forces. Over 94,000 jeeps and over 6,000 military trucks were produced at the Ford plant in East Dallas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ford assembly plant in East Dallas |date=June 1998 |url=https://lakewood.advocatemag.com/1998/06/01/ford-influence/ |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021104749/https://lakewood.advocatemag.com/1998/06/01/ford-influence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> North American Aviation manufactured over 18,000 aircraft at their plant in Dallas, including the [[North American T-6 Texan|T-6 Texan]] trainer, [[North American P-51 Mustang|P-51 Mustang]] fighter, and [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator|B-24 Liberator]] bomber.<ref>{{cite web |title=CAF Webinar: The History of the North American Aviation Plant in Dallas |date=November 4, 2015 |url=http://warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/caf-webinarthe-history-north-american-aviation-plant-dallas.html |access-date=October 17, 2020}}</ref>

On November 22, 1963, [[President of the United States|United States President]] [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|John F. Kennedy was assassinated]] on Elm Street while his [[Presidential state car (United States)#Kennedy X-100 (1961–1977)|motorcade]] passed through [[Dealey Plaza]] in Downtown Dallas.<ref>[[Louis Stokes|Stokes, Louis]] (1979). [https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/ "Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives"]. (Pg. 21) Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.</ref> The upper two floors of the building from which the Warren Commission reported [[Assassination|assassin]] [[Lee Harvey Oswald]] shot Kennedy have been converted into a historical museum covering the former president's life and accomplishments.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 15, 2016|title=Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, Chapter 1: Summary and Conclusions|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/warren-commission-report/chapter-1|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=National Archives|language=en}}</ref> Kennedy was pronounced dead at Dallas [[Parkland Memorial Hospital]] just over 30 minutes after the shooting.

On July 7, 2016, [[2016 shooting of Dallas police officers|multiple shots were fired at a Black Lives Matter protest in Downtown Dallas]], held against the police killings of two black men from other states. The gunman, later identified as Micah Xavier Johnson, began firing at police officers at 8:58&nbsp;p.m., killing five officers and injuring nine. Two bystanders were also injured. This marked the deadliest day for U.S. law enforcement since the [[September 11 attacks]]. Johnson told police during a standoff that he was upset about recent police shootings of black men and wanted to kill whites, especially white officers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/dallas-county/five-officers-killed-in-downtown-dallas-ambush/287-266881573|title=Five officers killed in downtown Dallas ambush|website=WFAA|date=January 24, 2017 |access-date=March 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/08/dallas-police-shooting-gunman-kill-white-officers|title=Dallas shooting suspect stated he wanted to 'kill white officers'|last1=Dart|first1=Oliver Laughland Tom|date=July 8, 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=March 28, 2019|last2=Dallas|first2=Jon Swaine in|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|last3=Washington|first3=David Smith in}}</ref> After hours of negotiation failed, police resorted to a robot-delivered bomb, killing Johnson inside [[Dallas College El Centro Campus]]. The shooting occurred in an area of hotels, restaurants, businesses, and residential apartments only a few blocks away from [[Dealey Plaza]].

==Geography==
[[File:The Crescent Uptown Dallas.jpg|thumb|right|[[Uptown Dallas]] with [[Downtown Dallas]] on the end]]
[[File:Dallas bridge skyline.jpg|thumb|Named after a Dallas philanthropist, the [[Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge]] spans the [[Trinity River (Texas)|Trinity River]].]]
Dallas is situated in the [[Southern United States]], in [[North Texas]]. It is the [[county seat]] of [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]] and portions of the city extend into neighboring [[Collin County, Texas|Collin]], [[Denton County, Texas|Denton]], [[Kaufman County, Texas|Kaufman]], and [[Rockwall County, Texas|Rockwall]] counties. Many suburbs surround Dallas; three [[enclave]]s are within the city boundaries—[[Cockrell Hill, Texas|Cockrell Hill]], [[Highland Park, Texas|Highland Park]], and [[University Park, Texas|University Park]]. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|999.3|km2|order=flip}}; {{convert|881.9|km2|order=flip}} of Dallas is land and {{convert|117.4|km2|order=flip}} of it (11.75%) is water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/dallascitytexas/PST045217|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Dallas city, Texas|website=Census Bureau QuickFacts|language=en-US|access-date=November 19, 2018}}</ref> Dallas makes up one-fifth of the much larger urbanized area known as the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]], in which one quarter of all Texans live.

===Architecture===
{{See also|List of Dallas Landmarks|List of tallest buildings in Dallas}}
[[File:Downtown_skyline_from_the_design_district.jpg|thumb|Dallas skyline with [[Downtown Dallas]] in the background and [[Victory Park, Dallas|Victory Park]] and [[Uptown Dallas]] in the foreground (Early 2022)]]

Dallas's skyline has twenty buildings classified as [[skyscraper]]s, over {{convert|150|m|order=flip}} in height.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Skyscraper Center: Dallas, Texas|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/compare-data/submit?base_city=1554&base_company=All&base_country=0&base_height_range=0&base_max_year=9999&base_min_year=0&base_region=0&comp_city=0&comp_company=All&comp_country=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_max_year=2018&comp_min_year=1960&comp_region=0&dataSubmit=Show%20Results&output%5B%5D=list&skip_comparison=on&status%5B%5D=COM&type%5B%5D=building|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=Skyscrapercenter.com}}</ref> Despite its tallest building not reaching {{convert|300|m|order=flip}}, Dallas does have a signature building in [[Bank of America Plaza (Dallas)|Bank of America Plaza]] which is lit up in neon but falls outside the top two hundred tallest buildings in the world. Although some of Dallas's architecture dates from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of the notable architecture in the city is from the [[modern architecture|modernist]] and [[postmodern architecture|postmodernist]] eras. Iconic examples of modernist architecture include [[Reunion Tower]], the [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial]], [[I. M. Pei]]'s [[Dallas City Hall]] and the [[Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 5, 2020|title=Architect of Fountain Place who shaped Dallas, dies at 93|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/arts-entertainment/architecture/2020/03/05/architect-of-fountain-place-who-shaped-dallas-dies-at-93/|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=Dallas News|language=en}}</ref> Good examples of postmodernist skyscrapers are [[Fountain Place]], [[Bank of America Plaza (Dallas)|Bank of America Plaza]], [[Renaissance Tower (Dallas)|Renaissance Tower]], [[JPMorgan Chase Tower (Dallas)|JPMorgan Chase Tower]], and [[Comerica Bank Tower]]. [[Downtown Dallas]] also has residential offerings in downtown, some of which are signature skyline buildings.

Several smaller structures are fashioned in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style, such as the [[Kirby Building]], and the [[neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] style, as seen in the [[Davis Building|Davis]] and [[Wilson Building (Dallas, Texas)|Wilson]] Buildings. One architectural "hotbed" in the city is a stretch of historic houses along [[Swiss Avenue]], which has all shades and variants of architecture from [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] to neoclassical.<ref>[http://www.swissavenue.com/index.asp Swissavenue.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060703014046/http://www.swissavenue.com/index.asp |date=July 3, 2006 }} – Retrieved June 13, 2006.{{cite web|url=http://swissavenue.com/index.asp |title=Swiss Avenue |access-date=October 21, 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207024307/http://swissavenue.com/index.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=February 7, 2006}}</ref> The [[Dallas Downtown Historic District]] protects a cross-section of Dallas commercial architecture from the 1880s to the 1940s.

===Neighborhoods===
{{See also|List of neighborhoods in Dallas}}The city of Dallas is home to many areas, neighborhoods, and communities. Dallas can be divided into several geographical areas which include larger geographical sections of territory including many subdivisions or neighborhoods, forming macroneighborhoods.

====Central Dallas====
Central Dallas is anchored by [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]], the center of the city, along with [[Oak Lawn, Dallas|Oak Lawn]] and [[Uptown Dallas|Uptown]], areas characterized by dense retail, restaurants, and nightlife.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knightengale|first=Krista|title=Downtown Dallas|url=https://neighborhoods.dmagazine.com/dallas/central-dallas/downtown/|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=D Magazine Neighborhoods|language=en}}</ref> Downtown Dallas has a variety of named districts, including the [[West End, Dallas|West End Historic District]], the [[Arts District, Dallas|Arts District]], the [[Main Street, Dallas|Main Street District]], [[Farmers Market, Dallas|Farmers Market District]], the [[City Center District, Dallas|City Center Business District]], the [[Convention Center District, Dallas|Convention Center District]], and the [[Reunion, Dallas|Reunion District]]. This area includes Uptown, [[Victory Park, Dallas, Texas|Victory Park]], Harwood, Oak Lawn, [[the Design District Dallas, Texas|Dallas Design District]], [[Trinity Groves, Dallas|Trinity Groves]], [[Turtle Creek, Dallas|Turtle Creek]], [[Cityplace, Dallas|Cityplace]], [[Knox Park, Dallas|Knox/Henderson]], [[Lower Greenville, Dallas|Greenville]], and [[West Village, Dallas|West Village]].

====East Dallas====
[[East Dallas]] is the location of [[Deep Ellum]], an arts area close to Downtown, the [[Lakewood, Dallas|Lakewood]] neighborhood (and adjacent areas, including [[Lakewood Heights, Dallas|Lakewood Heights]], [[Wilshire Heights, Dallas|Wilshire Heights]], [[Lower Greenville, Dallas|Lower Greenville]], [[Junius Heights, Dallas|Junius Heights]], and [[Hollywood Heights, Dallas|Hollywood Heights/Santa Monica]]), [[Vickery Place]] and [[Bryan Place]], and the architecturally significant neighborhoods of Swiss Avenue and [[Munger Place]]. Its historic district has one of the largest collections of [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]-inspired [[Frank Lloyd Wright#Prairie Style houses (1900–1914)|prairie-style]] homes in the United States. In the northeast quadrant of the city is [[Lake Highlands]], one of Dallas's most unified middle-class neighborhoods.<ref name="lhaia">[http://www.lhaia.org/ Lake Highlands Area Improvement Association] – [http://www.lhaia.org/images/Map_March2006big.jpg Map]. Retrieved October 3, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811043858/http://www.lhaia.org/ |date=August 11, 2015 }}</ref>

====Oak Cliff====
Southwest of Downtown lies [[Oak Cliff]]. Once a separate city founded in the mid-1800s, Oak Cliff was annexed in 1903 by Dallas.<ref>[http://www.oakcliff.com/history.htm Oak Cliff, Texas – Early History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529053801/http://www.oakcliff.com/history.htm |date=May 29, 2008 }}. Retrieved August 1, 2008.</ref> As one of the oldest areas in Dallas, the hilly North Oak Cliff is home to 5 of the 13 conservation districts in Dallas including the architecturally significant [[Kessler, Dallas|Kessler Park]] neighborhood and trendy [[Bishop Arts District, Dallas|Bishop Arts District]].

====South Dallas====
[[South Dallas]] is the location of [[Cedars, Dallas|Cedars]], and [[Fair Park]], where the annual [[State Fair of Texas]] is held from late September through mid-October.  Also located here is [[Exposition Park, Dallas]], noted for having artists, art galleries, and bars along tree-lined Exposition Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Things To Do in Dallas: Find Dallas Events & Attractions: GuideLive|url = http://www.guidelive.com/hubs/state-fair|website = GuideLive|access-date = September 9, 2015|archive-date = September 10, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150910021549/http://www.guidelive.com/hubs/state-fair|url-status = dead}}</ref>

South Side Dallas is a popular location for nightly entertainment. The neighborhood has undergone extensive development and community integration. What was once an area characterized by high rates of poverty and crime is now one of the city's most attractive social and living destinations.<ref>{{bulletlist|{{Cite news | url = http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/dallas/dallas.html | title = Dallas at the Tipping Point: A Roadmap for Renewal | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070204051138/http://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/dallas/dallas.html | archive-date = February 4, 2007 | url-status = dead}}|{{Cite news | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/dallas/crime2.html | title = Dallas at the Tipping Point Going South: Costs of Crime | first = Tanya | last = Eiserer | date = 2004 | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | access-date = October 25, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061219042548/https://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/spe/2004/dallas/crime2.html | archive-date = December 19, 2006 | url-status = dead}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 25, 2018|title=Six Years Into GrowSouth, Developers Are Starting To Pay Attention To Southern Dallas|url=https://www.keranews.org/news/2018-05-25/six-years-into-growsouth-developers-are-starting-to-pay-attention-to-southern-dallas|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=KERA News|language=en}}</ref>

Further east, in the southeast quadrant of the city, is the large neighborhood of [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas|Pleasant Grove]]. Once an independent city, it is a collection of mostly lower-income residential areas stretching to [[Seagoville, Texas|Seagoville]] in the southeast. Though a city neighborhood, Pleasant Grove is surrounded by undeveloped land on all sides. Swampland and wetlands separating it from South Dallas are part of the [[Great Trinity Forest]],<ref name="The Great Trinity Forest-Dallas">{{cite web
 |title=The Great Trinity Forest-Dallas
 |work=The Great Trinity Forest
 |publisher=City of Dallas Trinity River Corridor Project
 |access-date=September 12, 2009 |url=http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/html/great_trinity_forest.html
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116152340/http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/html/great_trinity_forest.html
 |archive-date=January 16, 2009 }}</ref> a subsection of the city's [[Trinity River Project]], newly appreciated for habitat and [[flood control]].

===Districts===
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Bishop Arts District, Dallas|Bishop Arts District]]	
* [[Casa Linda Estates, Dallas|Casa Linda]] 
* [[Casa View, Dallas|Casa View]]
* [[Cedars, Dallas|Cedars]]
* [[Deep Ellum, Dallas|Deep Ellum]]
* [[Design District, Dallas|Design District]]
* [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]]
* [[Exposition Park, Dallas|Exposition Park]]
* [[Fair Park]]
* [[Highland Hills, Dallas|Highland Hills]]
* [[Kessler, Dallas|Kessler]]	
* [[Knox Park, Dallas|Knox-Henderson]]
* [[Lakewood, Dallas|Lakewood]]
* [[Lake Highlands]]
* [[Lower Greenville, Dallas|Lower Greenville]]
* [[Greenland Hills, Dallas|"M" Streets]]
* [[Oak Cliff]]	
* [[Oak Lawn, Dallas|Oak Lawn]]	
* [[Park Cities, Texas|Park Cities]]
* [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas|Pleasant Grove]]
* [[Preston Hollow, Dallas|Preston Hollow]]
* [[Southwestern Medical District]]
* [[Trinity Groves, Dallas|Trinity Groves]]
* [[Turtle Creek, Dallas|Turtle Creek]]	
* [[Uptown, Dallas|Uptown]]
* [[Victory Park, Dallas|Victory Park]]
* [[West End Historic District (Dallas)|West End]]
{{div col end}}
{{Wide image|Downtown Dallas WV banner.jpg|1200px|align-cap=center|Skyline of Dallas at night}}

=== Topography ===
[[File:Downtown Dallas TX 2013-06-08 087.jpg|thumb|right|[[West End Historic District (Dallas)|West End Historic District]]]]
[[File:Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden September 2017 04 (A Woman's Garden Pool).jpg|thumb|[[Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden]]]]
[[File:ISS067-E-170869 Dallas.jpg|thumb|Dallas on July 1, 2022, with north oriented down and to the left. Taken during [[Expedition 67]] of the International Space Station]]

{{Main|Geology of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex}}
Dallas and its surrounding area are mostly flat. The city lies at elevations ranging from {{convert|450|to|550|ft|m|0}} above sea level. The western edge of the Austin Chalk Formation, a [[limestone]] [[escarpment]] (also known as the "White Rock Escarpment"), rises {{convert|230|ft|m|0}} and runs roughly north–south through Dallas County. South of the [[Trinity River (Texas)|Trinity River]], the uplift is particularly noticeable in the neighborhoods of Oak Cliff and the adjacent cities of Cockrell Hill, [[Cedar Hill, Texas|Cedar Hill]], [[Grand Prairie, Texas|Grand Prairie]], and [[Irving, Texas|Irving]]. Marked variations in terrain are also found in cities immediately to the west in [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County]] surrounding Fort Worth, as well as along Turtle Creek north of Downtown.

Dallas, like many other cities, was founded along a river. The city was founded at the location of a "white rock crossing" of the Trinity River, where it was easier for wagons to cross the river in the days before ferries or bridges. The Trinity River, though not usefully navigable, is the major waterway through the city. [[Interstate 35E (Texas)|Interstate 35E]] parallels its path through Dallas along the [[Stemmons Corridor]], then south alongside the western portion of Downtown and past South Dallas and Pleasant Grove, where the river is paralleled by [[Interstate 45 (Texas)|Interstate 45]] until it exits the city and heads southeast towards [[Houston]]. The river is flanked on both sides by {{convert|50|ft|m|0}} tall earthen [[levee]]s to protect the city from frequent floods.<ref>{{cite web|author=John N. Furlong |author2=Greg Ajemian |author3=Tommie McPherson |year=2003 |title=History of the Dallas Floodway |url=http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/pdf/DallasFloodwayHistoryPaper.pdf |access-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325122856/http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/pdf/DallasFloodwayHistoryPaper.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2009 }}</ref>

Since it was rerouted in the late 1920s, the river has been little more than a drainage ditch within a floodplain for several miles above and below Downtown, with a more normal course further upstream and downstream, but as Dallas began shifting towards postindustrial society, public outcry about the lack of aesthetic and recreational use of the river ultimately gave way to the [[Trinity River Project]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Discover The Trinity-Dallas |work=Discover The Trinity |publisher=Discoverthetrinity.org |access-date=September 12, 2009 |url=http://www.discoverthetrinity.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925092304/http://www.discoverthetrinity.org/ |archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which was begun in the early 2000s.

The project area reaches for over {{convert|20|mi|km}} in length within the city, while the overall geographical land area addressed by the Land Use Plan is approximately {{convert|44000|acre|km2}} in size—about 20% of the land area in Dallas. Green space along the river encompasses approximately {{convert|10000|acre|km2}}, making it one of the largest and diverse urban parks in the world.<ref>{{cite web|author=Trinity River Corridor Project Management Office |title=Trinity River Corridor Project Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/html/faqs.html |access-date=October 19, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011061245/http://www.trinityrivercorridor.org/html/faqs.html |archive-date=October 11, 2006 }}</ref>

[[White Rock Lake]] and [[Joe Pool Lake]] are reservoirs that comprise Dallas's other significant water features. Built at the beginning of the 20th century, White Rock Lake Park is a popular destination for boaters, rowers, joggers, and bikers, as well as visitors seeking peaceful respite from the city at the {{convert|66|acre|m2|-3|adj=on}} [[Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden]], on the lake's eastern shore. [[White Rock Creek]] feeds into White Rock Lake and then exits into the Trinity River southeast of Downtown Dallas. Trails along White Rock Creek are part of the extensive Dallas County Trails System.

[[Bachman Lake]], just northwest of [[Dallas Love Field|Love Field Airport]], is a smaller lake also popularly used for recreation. Northeast of the city is [[Lake Ray Hubbard]], a vast {{convert|22745|acre|km2|0|adj=on}} reservoir in an extension of Dallas surrounded by the suburbs of [[Garland, Texas|Garland]], [[Rowlett, Texas|Rowlett]], [[Rockwall, Texas|Rockwall]], and [[Sunnyvale, Texas|Sunnyvale]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Bobby Farquhar and Mark McDonald |title=Lake Ray Hubbard |url=http://www.rtis.com/reg/lakes/rayhubba.htm |work=Set the Hook Guide to Lone Star Lakes and Lunkers |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-date=June 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606090611/http://www.rtis.com/reg/lakes/rayhubba.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> To the west of the city is [[Mountain Creek Lake]], once home to the [[Naval Air Station Dallas]] ([[Hensley Field]]) and a number of defense aircraft manufacturers.<ref>{{cite gnis|1342165|Mountain Creek Lake|Jan 10, 2024}}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{Handbook of Texas|id=qbn02|name=Naval Air Station, Dallas}}</ref>
[[North Lake (Dallas County, Texas)|North Lake]], a small body of water in an extension of the city limits surrounded by Irving and [[Coppell, Texas|Coppell]], initially served as a water source for a nearby power plant but is now being targeted for redevelopment as a recreational lake due to its proximity to [[Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]], a plan the lake's neighboring cities oppose.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aasen |first=Eric |date=May 18, 2005 |title=Foes say North Lake development a threat to lifestyle |newspaper=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |place=Coppell }}</ref>

=== Climate ===
{{Main|Climate of Dallas}}

{{climate chart
|Dallas, Texas
|37.9|57.7|2.59
|41.9|62.0|2.78
|49.4|69.9|3.45
|56.8|77.4|3.15
|66.0|84.9|4.57
|73.8|92.7|3.83
|77.7|96.9|1.71
|77.4|97.1|2.19
|70.1|90.0|3.10
|58.7|79.5|4.79
|47.8|67.8|2.93
|39.8|59.2|3.23
|float=right
|clear=both
|units=imperial
|source=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="Dallas Weatherbox NOAA txt" />
}}

Dallas has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Cfa) characteristic of the [[Great Plains|Southern Plains]] of the United States. It also has both continental and tropical characteristics, characterized by a relatively wide annual temperature range for the latitude. Located at the lower end of [[Tornado Alley]], it is prone to extreme weather, tornadoes, and hailstorms.

Summers in Dallas are very hot with high humidity, although extended periods of dry weather often occur. July and August are typically the hottest months, with an average high of {{convert|96.0|°F|°C|0|lk=on}} and an average low of {{convert|76.7|°F|°C|0}}. Heat indices regularly surpass {{convert|105|°F|°C|0}} due to elevated humidity during the summer months, making the summer heat almost unbearable. The all-time record high is {{convert|113|°F|0}}, set on June 26 and 27, 1980 during the [[Heat Wave of 1980]] at nearby [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]].<ref name="NOAA Online" /><ref name="NWS Records">{{cite web|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/?n=dgr8mxmn|title=Dallas/Fort Worth – All-Time Maximum and Minimum Temperatures|publisher=National Weather Service Fort Worth|access-date=December 5, 2011}}</ref>

Winters in Dallas are usually mild, with occasional cold spells. The average date of first frost is November 12, and the average date of last frost is March 12.<ref>"[https://www.weather.gov/fwd/d32info DFW – Freeze Summary]". ''National Weather Service''. Retrieved November 2, 2018.</ref> January is typically the coldest month, with an average daytime high of {{convert|56.8|°F|°C|0}} and an average nighttime low of {{convert|37.3|°F|°C|0}}. The normal daily average temperature in January is {{convert|47.0|°F|0}} but sharp swings in temperature can occur, as strong cold fronts known as "[[Texas Norther|Blue Norther]]s" pass through the Dallas region, forcing temperatures below the {{convert|40|°F|0}} mark for several days at a time and often between days with high temperatures above {{convert|80|°F|0}}. Snow accumulation is seen in the city in about 70% of winter seasons, and snowfall generally occurs 1–2 days out of the year for a seasonal average of {{convert|1.5|in|cm|0}}. Some areas in the region, however, receive more than that, while other areas receive negligible snowfall or none at all.<ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/CLIMO/dfw/normals/dfwann.html DFW Climate]. Retrieved on March 26, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010041657/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/CLIMO/dfw/normals/dfwann.html |date=October 10, 2008 }}</ref> The all-time record low temperature within the city is {{convert|-3|°F|°C|0}}, set on January 18, 1930.  The temperature at nearby [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]] reached {{convert|-2|°F|°C|0}} on February 16, 2021, during [[February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm|the February 2021 North American winter storm]].

Spring and autumn are transitional seasons with moderate and pleasant weather. Vibrant [[wildflower]]s (such as the [[bluebonnet (plant)|bluebonnet]], [[Castilleja|Indian paintbrush]] and other [[flora (plants)|flora]]) bloom in spring and are planted around the highways throughout Texas.<ref>[http://www.dot.state.tx.us/ TXDOT] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812041600/http://www.dot.state.tx.us/ |date=August 12, 2007 }} – [http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/flora_conditions.htm Wildflower and Fall Foliage] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408190352/http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/flora_conditions.htm |date=April 8, 2007 }}</ref> Springtime weather can be [[severe weather|quite volatile]], but temperatures themselves are mild. Late spring to early summer also tends to be the most humid, with humidity levels frequently exceeding 75%. The weather in Dallas is also generally pleasant from late September to early December and on many winter days. Autumn often brings more storms and tornado threats, but they are usually fewer and less severe than in spring.

Each spring, cold fronts moving south from the North collide with warm, humid air streaming in from the [[Gulf Coast]], leading to severe [[thunderstorm]]s with [[lightning]], torrents of rain, [[hail]], and occasionally, [[tornado]]es. Over time, tornadoes have probably been the most significant natural threat to the city, as it is near the heart of [[Tornado Alley]].

A few times each winter in Dallas, warm and humid air from the south will override cold, dry air, resulting in [[freezing rain]] or ice and causing disruptions in the city if the roads and highways become slick. Temperatures reaching {{convert|70|°F|0}} on average occur on at least four days each winter month. Dallas averages 26 annual nights at or below freezing,<ref name="NOAA Online">{{cite web|url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=fwd|title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date = November 30, 2012}}</ref> with the winter of 1999–2000 holding the record for the fewest freezing nights with 14. During this same span of 15 years,{{specify|date=August 2013}} the temperature in the region has only twice dropped below {{convert|15|°F|°C|0}}, though it will generally fall below {{convert|20|°F|0}} in most (67%) years.<ref name="NOAA Online" />

The [[USDA|U.S. Department of Agriculture]] places Dallas in [[USDA plant hardiness zone|Plant Hardiness Zone 8b]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-texas-usda-plant-zone-hardiness-map.php |title=Texas USDA Hardiness Zone Map |access-date=November 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ramon |last=Jordan |url=http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-sm1.html |title=Plant Hardiness Zone Map: South-Midwest US |publisher=Usna.usda.gov |date=January 24, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-date=May 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514085928/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-sm1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, mild winter temperatures in the past 15 to 20 years had encouraged the horticulture of more cold-sensitive plants such as ''[[Washingtonia filifera]]'' and ''[[Washingtonia robusta]]'' [[palm tree|palms]], nearly all of which died off during [[February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm|the February 2021 North American winter storm]]. According to the [[American Lung Association]], Dallas has the 12th highest air pollution among U.S. cities, ranking it behind Los Angeles and [[Houston]].<ref>[http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=50752#graph6 Lungusa.com]. Retrieved on March 2, 2006. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529071113/http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=50752 |date=May 29, 2009 }}</ref> Much of the air pollution in Dallas and the surrounding area comes from a hazardous materials incineration plant in the small town of [[Midlothian, Texas|Midlothian]] and from cement plants in neighboring [[Ellis County, Texas|Ellis County]].<ref>[http://www.downwindersatrisk.org/ Downwindersatrisk.org] – [http://www.downwindersatrisk.org/DownwindersAtRisk-MovingToMidlothian.htm Pollution in Midlothian]. Retrieved on April 17, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810122236/http://www.downwindersatrisk.org/ |date=August 10, 2015 }}</ref>

The average daily low in Dallas is {{convert|57.4|°F|°C|0}}, and the average daily high is {{convert|76.9|°F|°C|0}}. Dallas receives approximately {{convert|39.1|in|mm|0}} of rain per year. The record snowfall for Dallas was {{convert|11.2|in|cm|0}} on February 11, 2010.

{{Dallas weatherbox}}

==Demographics==

{{Main|Demographics of Dallas}}

{{US Census population
|1850= 1073
|1860= 698
|1870= 3000
|1880= 10358
|1890= 38069
|1900= 42639
|1910= 92104
|1920= 158976
|1930= 269475
|1940= 294734
|1950= 434462
|1960= 679684
|1970= 844401
|1980= 904078
|1990= 1006977
|2000= 1188580
|2010= 1197816
|2020= 1304379
|estyear= 2022
|estimate= 1299544
|estref= 
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts"/>
}}

Dallas is the [[List of United States cities by population|ninth-most-populous city in the United States]] and [[List of cities in Texas by population|third in Texas]] after the cities of [[Houston]] and [[San Antonio]].<ref name="Infoplease-2023"/> Its metropolitan area encompasses one-quarter of the population of Texas, and is the largest in the Southern U.S. and [[List of Texas metropolitan areas|Texas]] followed by the [[Greater Houston|Greater Houston metropolitan area]]. At the [[2020 United States census]] the city of Dallas had 1,304,379 residents, an increase of 106,563 since the [[2010 United States Census|2010 United States census]].<ref name="American Factfinder-2020">{{Cite web |title=Community Facts: Dallas city, Texas |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/cf/1.0/en/place/Dallas%20city,%20Texas/POPULATION/PEP_EST |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214004151/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/cf/1.0/en/place/Dallas%20city,%20Texas/POPULATION/PEP_EST |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |access-date=June 17, 2019 |website=American Factfinder |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |language=en-US |via=factfinder.census.gov}}</ref> However, as of July 1, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that Dallas in first years since the 2020 census lost 4,835 people, leaving the city with a population of 1,299,544.<ref name="QuickFacts"/>

There were 524,498 households at the 2020 estimates,<ref name="US Census-2020">{{Cite web |title=ACS 2020 Social Characteristics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20households&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP02 |access-date=February 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> up from 2010's 458,057 households, out of which 137,523 had children under the age of 18 living with them.<ref name="US Census-2020a">{{Cite web |title=ACS 2020 Households and Families Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20households&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1101 |access-date=February 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Approximately 36.2% of households were headed by married couples living together, 57.2% had a single householder male or female with no spouse present, and 35.6% were classified as non-family households with the householder living alone.<ref name="US Census-2020" /> In 2010, 33.7% of all households had one or more people under 18 years of age, and 17.6% had one or more people who were 65 years of age or older. The average household size in 2020 was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.41.<ref name="US Census-2020a" /> In 2018, the owner-occupied housing rate was 40.2% and the renter-occupied housing rate was 59.8%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2018 Housing Characteristics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20owner-occupied%20housing%20rate&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP04&t=Housing&layer=place |access-date=February 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> At the 2010 census, the city's age distribution of the population showed 26.5% under the age of 18 and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.8 years. In 2010, 50.0% of the population was male and 50.0% was female.<ref name="Census 20102">{{cite web |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Dallas city, Texas |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=January 12, 2012 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> In 2020, the median age 32.9 years; for every 100 females, there were 98.4 males.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2020 Age and Sex Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20median%20age&t=Age%20and%20Sex&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S0101 |access-date=February 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

According to the 2020 [[American Community Survey]], the median income for a household in the city was $54,747; families had a median household income of $60,895; married-couple families $81,761; and non-families $45,658.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2020 Income Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20median%20income&t=Income%20%28Households,%20Families,%20Individuals%29&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1901 |access-date=February 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> In 2003–2007's survey, male full-time workers had a median income of $32,265 versus $32,402 for female full-time workers. The per capita income for the city was $25,904. About 18.7% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those aged 65 or over. Per 2007's survey, the median price for a house was $129,600;<ref name="quickfacts.census.gov2">{{cite web |author=United States Census Bureau |title=Dallas (city) QuickFacts from the U.S. Census Bureau |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118233505/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html |archive-date=November 18, 2013 |access-date=November 13, 2013 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> by 2020, the median price for a house was valued at $252,300, with 54.4% of owner-occupied units from $50,000 to $299,999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2020 Characteristics For Households With Mortgages |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20home%20value&t=Income%20(Households,%20Families,%20Individuals)&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S2506 |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

The 2022 [[Point-In-Time Count|Point-In-Time]] Homeless Count found there were 4,410 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-27 |title=Dallas' mayor right to put homeless strategy under a microscope |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/2023/02/26/dallas-mayor-right-to-put-homeless-strategy-under-a-microscope/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227130733/https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/2023/02/26/dallas-mayor-right-to-put-homeless-strategy-under-a-microscope/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Troisi-2022">{{Cite web |title=Metro Dallas Homeless Alliance Continuum of Care 2022 Homeless Count & Survey Independent Analysis |url=https://housingforwardntx.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/FINAL-2022-PIT-Document-7.19.22-final.pdf |access-date=}}</ref> According to the Metro Dallas Homeless Alliance Continuum of Care 2022 Homeless Count & Survey Independent Analysis, "approximately 1 of 3 (31%) those experiencing homelessness were found on the streets or in other places not meant for human habitation."<ref name="Troisi-2022" />

The region surrounding Dallas is a habitat for mosquitoes, creating a pest problem for humans. Dallas and the surrounding area is sprayed regularly to control mosquito-borne diseases such as [[West Nile virus]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Stacia |date=June 9, 2023 |title=City of Dallas getting set for spraying after several positive West Nile virus samples |url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/city-of-dallas-getting-set-mosqutio-spraying-several-positive-west-nile-virus-samples/287-b04348b1-17ce-4c4c-a36f-1f636b130700}}</ref>

=== Race and ethnicity ===

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition 
!2020<ref name="US Census-2022">{{Cite web|title= P2 Hisapnic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4819000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=May 7, 2022|website=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html|title=Dallas (city), Texas|work=State & County QuickFacts|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118233505/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html|archive-date=November 18, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|archive-date=August 12, 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=December 18, 2011}}</ref>!! 1970<ref name="census1" />!! 1950<ref name="census1" />
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) 
|42.3%||42.4% ||20.9% ||7.5%{{efn|name="fifteen"}}||n/a
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|28.1%||28.8% ||47.7% ||66.9%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}}||n/a
|-
|[[African American|Black or African American]]
|22.9%||24.7% ||29.5% ||24.9% ||13.1%
|-
|[[Asian American|Asian]]
|3.7%||2.9% ||2.2% ||0.2% ||–
|}
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Dallas (5559904955).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Dallas, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]
Dallas's population was historically predominantly White (non-Hispanic Whites made up 82.8% of the population in 1930),<ref name="census12">{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |access-date=December 18, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> but its population has diversified due to immigration and [[white flight]] over the 20th century. Since then, the non-Hispanic White population has declined to less than one-third of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cordell, Dennis D., Southern Methodist University (Dallas) and Garcia y Griego, Manuel, University of Texas at Arlington, "The Integration of Nigerian and Mexican immigrants in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas", working paper, 2005 |url=http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51068 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030824/http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51068 |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref> According to the 2010 U.S. census, 50.7% of the population was White (28.8% non-Hispanic White), 24.8% was Black or African American, 0.7% [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] and [[Alaska Natives|Alaska Native]], 2.9% Asian, and 2.6% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]]; 42.4% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino American origin (they may be of any race).<ref>{{cite web |title=Dallas (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506223734/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html |archive-date=May 6, 2013 |access-date=May 11, 2013 |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov}}</ref>

At the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]'s 2019 estimates, 29.1% were [[Non-Hispanic Whites|non-Hispanic White]] 24.3% Black and African American, 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 3.7% Asian, and 1.4% from two or more races.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2019 Demographic Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811112513/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false |archive-date=August 11, 2021 |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> [[Native Hawaiians|Native Hawaiian]] and [[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islanders]] made up a total of 312 residents according to 2019's census estimates, down from 606 in 2017.<ref name="US Census-2019">{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=U. S. Census |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=March 28, 2019 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |language=en}}</ref> Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race made up 41.2% of the estimated population in 2019. Among the Hispanic or Latino American population in 2019, 34.6% of Dallas was [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]], 0.4% [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Rican]], 0.2% [[Cuban Americans|Cuban]] and 6.0% other Hispanic or Latino American. In 2017's American Community Survey estimates among the demographic 35.5% were Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, and 5.4% other Hispanic or Latino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2017 Demographic Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSDP1Y2017.DP05&hidePreview=false |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> By 2020, Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race continued to constitute the largest ethnic group in the city proper,<ref name="US Census-2022" /> reflecting nationwide demographic trends.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ura |first1=Alexa |last2=Kao |first2=Jason |last3=Astudillo |first3=Carla |last4=Essig |first4=Chris |date=August 12, 2021 |title=People of color make up 95% of Texas' population growth, and cities and suburbs are booming, 2020 census shows |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/12/texas-2020-census/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Passel |first1=Jeffrey S. |last2=Lopez |first2=Mark Hugo |last3=Cohn |first3=D'Vera |title=U.S. Hispanic population continued its geographic spread in the 2010s |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/02/03/u-s-hispanic-population-continued-its-geographic-spread-in-the-2010s/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frey |first=William H. |date=July 1, 2020 |title=The nation is diversifying even faster than predicted, according to new census data |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/new-census-data-shows-the-nation-is-diversifying-even-faster-than-predicted/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Dallas area is a major destination for [[Mexican Americans]] and other Hispanic and Latino American immigrants. The southwestern portion of the city, particularly [[Oak Cliff]] is chiefly inhabited by Hispanic and Latino American residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schutze |first=Jim |date=March 17, 2015 |title=Mexicans Saved Oak Cliff While They Saved American Cities. Bikos Came Later. |url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/mexicans-saved-oak-cliff-while-they-saved-american-cities-bikos-came-later-7126267 |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Dallas Observer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2019 |title=How Latino immigrants saved Oak Cliff: new book explores immigrants' contributions to Dallas |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/arts-entertainment/books/2019/12/05/how-latino-immigrants-saved-oak-cliff-new-book-explores-immigrants-contributions-to-dallas/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Dallas News |language=en}}</ref> The southeastern portion of the city [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas, Texas|Pleasant Grove]] is chiefly inhabited by African American and Hispanic or Latino American residents, while the [[South Dallas|southern portion]] of the city is predominantly black.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez|first=Miguel |date=January 8, 2020 |title=Dallas neighborhood established by freed slaves fights to keep its history alive |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2020/01/08/dallas-historically-black-neighborhood-tenth-street-history-preservati/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=South Dallas |url=https://blacksindallas.com/southdallas/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=BlacksInDallas.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The west and east sides of the city are predominantly Hispanic or Latino American; [[Garland, Texas|Garland]] also has a large Spanish-speaking population. [[North Dallas]] has many enclaves of predominantly white, black and especially Hispanic or Latino American residents.

The Dallas area is also a major destination for Black and African Americans. Between 2010 and 2020, the Dallas area had the second-most new Black and African American residents only behind the [[Atlanta metropolitan area|Atlanta area]] and slightly above the Houston area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/a-new-great-migration-is-bringing-black-americans-back-to-the-south/|title=A 'New Great Migration' is bringing Black Americans back to the South|first=William|last=H. Frey|date=September 12, 2022|website=brookings.edu}}
</ref> The notable influx of African Americans is partly due to the [[New Great Migration]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2017 |title=The New Black South |url=https://www.governing.com/gov-new-black-south.html |access-date=June 29, 2020 |website=Governing.com |language=en |archive-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729031923/https://www.governing.com/gov-new-black-south.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> There is a significant number of people from the [[Horn of Africa]], immigrants from [[Ethiopian Americans|Ethiopia]], [[Eritrean Americans|Eritrea]] and [[Somali Americans|Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reiss |first=Sarah |title=How Dallas Got So Many Ethiopian Restaurants |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2011/june/how-dallas-got-so-many-ethiopian-restaurants/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=D Magazine |date=May 25, 2011 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Dallas–Fort-Worth metroplex had an estimated 70,000 Russian-speakers (as of November 6, 2012) mostly immigrants from the former [[Soviet Bloc]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 18, 2017 |title=70,000 Russian-speakers in Dallas, According to Mayor of Dallas |language=en-US |work=Russian Dallas – Руский Даллас |url=http://www.dallastelegraph.com/70000-russian-speakers-dallas-accordding-mayor-dallas/ |access-date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> Included in this population are [[Russian Americans|Russians]], [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russian Jews]], [[Ukrainian Americans|Ukrainians]], [[Belarusian Americans|Belarusians]], [[Moldovan Americans|Moldavians]], [[Uzbek Americans|Uzbek]], [[Kyrgyz people|Kirghiz]], and others. The Russian-speaking population of Dallas has continued to grow in the sector of "American husbands-Russian wives". Russian DFW has its own newspaper, ''The Dallas Telegraph''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2012 |title=About ⋆ Russian Dallas - Русский Даллас |url=https://www.dallastelegraph.com/about/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Russian Dallas - Русский Даллас |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2018 |title=Dallas couple tell what it's like being Russian in America |url=https://cw33.com/news/what-its-like-being-a-russian-speaker-in-america/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=CW33 Dallas / Ft. Worth |language=en-US}}</ref>

In addition, Dallas and its suburbs are home to a large number of Asian Americans including those of [[Indian Americans|Indian]], [[Vietnamese Americans|Vietnamese]], [[Chinese Americans|Chinese]], [[Korean Americans|Korean]], [[Filipino Americans|Filipino]], [[Japanese Americans|Japanese]], and other heritage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dallas Population and Demographics |url=http://dallas.areaconnect.com/statistics.htm |access-date=November 21, 2016 |publisher=areaconnect.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schnyder |first1=Mark |title=Asian-American Growth Steady in North Texas |url=http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Asian-American-Growth-Steady-in-North-Texas-259670561.html |access-date=November 21, 2016 |website=nbcdfw.com |date=May 17, 2014 }}</ref> Among large-sized cities in the United States, [[Plano, Texas|Plano]], the northern suburb of Dallas, has the [[List of U.S. cities with significant Chinese-American populations#Large-sized cities|6th largest Chinese American population]] as of 2016. The Plano-Richardson area in particular had an estimated 30,000 [[Iranian Americans]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=IRANIAN COMMUNITY IN NORTH TEXAS |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/texasbaptists/intercultural-ministry/IRANIAN-COMMUNITY-IN-NORTH-TEXAS.pdf |access-date=October 19, 2020 |website=S3.amazonaws.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mobasher |first1=Mohsen M. |title=Iranians in Texas |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780292728592 |doi=10.7560/728592 |jstor=10.7560/728592|s2cid=249229343 }}</ref> With so many immigrant groups, there are often multilingual signs in the [[linguistic landscape]]. According to U.S. Census Bureau data released in December 2013, 23 percent of Dallas County residents were foreign-born, while 16 percent of Tarrant County residents were foreign-born.<ref>Corrie Maclaggan, [https://www.texastribune.org/2014/01/02/increasing-share-foreign-born-residents-texas/ Share of Foreign-Born Texans Growing], ''Texas Tribune'' (January 2, 2014).</ref> The 2018 census estimates determined that the city of Dallas's foreign-born population consisted of 25.4% naturalized citizens and 74.6% non-citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2018 Foreign-Born Statistics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20foreign-born&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S0502&t=Foreign%20born&layer=place&vintage=2018 |access-date=February 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

=== Sexual orientation and gender identity ===
{{main| LGBT culture in Dallas–Fort Worth|LGBT rights in Texas}}
[[File:Oak Lawn, Dallas, Texas.jpg|thumb|Oak Lawn, nicknamed the "[[Gayborhood]]" of Dallas]]
Recognized for having one of the largest [[LGBT|lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)]] populations in the nation, Dallas and the Metroplex are widely noted for being home to a vibrant and diverse [[LGBT community]].<ref name="Lindsey-2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.visitdallas.com/about/diverse-dallas/-lgbt.html |title=About Dallas LGBT Community |publisher=Visit Dallas |access-date=April 25, 2019 | website = www.visitdallas.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Mark|date=October 24, 2016|title=Fort Worth, Dallas get perfect score in LGBT inclusiveness|url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/local/fort-worth/article110091502.html|access-date=June 28, 2020|website=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]}}</ref> Throughout the year there are many well-established LGBT events held in the area, most notably the annual Alan Ross Texas Freedom (Pride) Parade and Festival in June which draws approximately 50,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dallasvoice.com/decision-is-made-pride-festival-is-moving-to-fair-park/|title=Decision is made: Pride festival is moving to Fair Park|date=November 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/news/metro/20140921-dallas-annual-gay-pride-parade-draws-thousands-spreads-the-love.ece | title = Dallas' annual gay pride parade draws thousands, spreads the love | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | date = September 21, 2014 | first = Meredith | last = Shamburger | access-date = August 27, 2017 | archive-date = April 30, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160430175837/http://www.dallasnews.com/news/metro/20140921-dallas-annual-gay-pride-parade-draws-thousands-spreads-the-love.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref> For decades, the [[Oak Lawn, Dallas|Oak Lawn]] and [[Bishop Arts District|Bishop Arts]] districts have been known as the epicenters of [[LGBT culture]] in Dallas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdallas.com/about/diverse-dallas/-lgbt.html |title=LGBT |access-date=January 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708145524/http://www.visitdallas.com/about/diverse-dallas/-lgbt.html |archive-date=July 8, 2016 }}</ref>

===Religion===
{{bar box|title=Religious affiliation (2020)<ref>{{cite web|date=August 11, 2021|title=PRRI – American Values Atlas|publisher=[[Public Religion Research Institute]]|url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/MetroAreas/religion/m/8|access-date=October 28, 2022|archive-date=April 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404161714/https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/MetroAreas/religion/m/8|url-status=dead}}</ref>|titlebar=#ccf|background-color=#f8f9fa|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|darkblue|77}}
{{bar percent|[[Protestantism in the United States|Protestant]]|mediumblue|50}}
{{bar percent|[[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholic]]|mediumblue|24}}
{{bar percent|Other Christian|mediumblue|3}}
{{bar percent|Unaffiliated|purple|19}}
{{bar percent|[[Judaism in the United States|Jewish]]|lightgreen|1}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in the United States|Muslim]]|lightgreen|1}}
{{bar percent|Other faiths|lightgreen|2}}}}
{{multiple image
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| footer            = From top, left to right: [[Cathedral Santuario de Guadalupe]], [[Cathedral Church of Saint Matthew (Dallas)|St. Matthew's Cathedral]], [[First Baptist Church (Dallas)|First Baptist Church of Dallas]], [[Saint Seraphim (Orthodox) Cathedral|Saint Seraphim Cathedral]]
| direction         = 
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}}

[[Christianity]] is the most prevalently practiced religion in Dallas and the wider metropolitan area according to a 2014 study by the [[Pew Research Center]] (78%),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |title=Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |title=America's Changing Religious Landscape |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]: Religion & Public Life |date=May 12, 2015}}</ref> and the [[Public Religion Research Institute]]'s 2020 study (77%).<ref>{{Cite web|title=PRRI – American Values Atlas|url=http://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/MetroAreas/religion/m/8|url-status=live|access-date=August 11, 2021|website=Public Religion Research Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404161714/http://ava.prri.org/ |archive-date=April 4, 2017 }}</ref> There is a large [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christian influence in the Dallas community, though the city of Dallas and Dallas County have more Catholic than Protestant residents, while the reverse is usually true for the suburban areas of Dallas and the city of Fort Worth.

Dallas has been called the "Prison Ministry Capital of the World" by the prison ministry community.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 13, 2014|title=Religious Retirement Communities in Dallas|url=https://www.senioradvisor.com/blog/2014/07/faith-based-assisted-living-in-dallas/|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=SeniorAdvisor.com Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> It is a home for the [[International Network of Prison Ministries]], the Coalition of Prison Evangelists, Bill Glass Champions for Life, Chaplain Ray's International Prison Ministry, and 60 other prison ministries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prison Ministry Directory — International Network of Prison Ministries|url=http://prisonministry.net/app/Mins/event/showCity/country/United%20States/state/Texas/city/Dallas.html|access-date=June 30, 2018|website=prisonministry.net|language=en}}</ref>

[[Methodism|Methodist]], [[Baptist]], and [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] churches are prominent in many neighborhoods and anchor two of the city's major private universities ([[Southern Methodist University]] and [[Dallas Baptist University]]). Dallas is also home to two [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] seminaries: the [[Dallas Theological Seminary]] and [[Criswell College]]. Many [[Bible college|Bible schools]] including [[Christ For The Nations Institute]] are also headquartered in the city. The [[Creationism|Christian creationist]] apologetics group [[Institute for Creation Research]] is headquartered in Dallas. According to the Pew Research Center, [[evangelical Protestantism]] constituted the largest form of Protestantism in the area as of 2014.<ref name="Pew Research-2020">{{Cite web|title=Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics|url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/dallasfort-worth-metro-area/|access-date=September 26, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> The largest single evangelical Protestant group were Baptists. The largest Baptist denomination was the [[Southern Baptist Convention]], followed by the [[Black church|historically black]] [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.|National Baptist Convention USA]].<ref name="Pew Research-2020" /> [[African-initiated church|African-initiated Protestant churches]] including [[P'ent'ay|Ethiopian Evangelical]] churches can be found throughout the metropolitan area.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 26, 2018|title=Local Ethiopian community finds a home in growing Garland church|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/faith/2018/05/26/local-ethiopian-community-finds-a-home-in-growing-garland-church/|access-date=September 26, 2020|website=Dallas News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopian Evangelical Baptist Church gets new Texas site|url=https://www.news-journal.com/features/religion/ethiopian-evangelical-baptist-church-gets-new-texas-site/article_1e806b9e-69c2-11e8-945c-878ef1147c82.html|access-date=September 26, 2020|website=Longview News-Journal|date=June 6, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Catholic Church]] is also a significant religious organization in the Dallas area and operates the [[University of Dallas]], a liberal-arts university in the Dallas suburb of Irving. The [[Cathedral Santuario de Guadalupe|Cathedral Santuario de la Virgen de Guadalupe]] in the [[Arts District, Dallas, Texas|Arts District]] is home to the second-largest Catholic church membership in the United States and overseas,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cathedralguadalupe.org/|title  =Cathedral Guadalupe |website=Cathedral Guadalupe|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627112329/https://www.cathedralguadalupe.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref> consisting over 70 parishes in the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas|Dallas Diocese]]. The [[Society of Jesus]] operates the [[Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas]]. Dallas is also home to numerous [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Oriental Orthodox]] churches including [[Saint Seraphim (Orthodox) Cathedral|Saint Seraphim Cathedral]], see of the [[Orthodox Church in America]]'s [[Orthodox Church in America Diocese of the South|Southern Diocese]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.superpages.com/dallas-tx/orthodox-churches|title=Orthodox churches in Dallas, Texas |publisher=Superpages.com |access-date=June 27, 2021}}</ref> The [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] ([[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]]) has one parish in the city of Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parishes - Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|url=https://www.goarch.org/parishes|access-date=September 26, 2020|website=Goarch.org|language=en-US}}</ref>

The city is home to a sizable [[Latter Day Saint movement|Latter Day Saint]] community. [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] has twenty-three [[Stake (Latter Day Saints)|stakes]] throughout Dallas and surrounding suburbs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/dallas-texas-temple/district/ |title=Dallas Texas Temple District |publisher=Ldschurchtemples.org |access-date=February 2, 2015}}</ref> The organization built the [[Dallas Texas Temple]], the first temple in Texas, in the city in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/dallas-texas-temple/ |title=Dallas Texas LDS (Mormon) Temple |publisher=Ldschurchtemples.com |access-date=May 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] also have a large number of members throughout the Dallas metropolitan division. In addition, there are several [[Unitarian Universalist]] congregations, including First Unitarian Church of Dallas, founded in 1899.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.dallasuu.org/our-stories/history/ | title = Our History | website = Dallasuu.org | publisher = First Unitarian Church of Dallas | access-date = June 20, 2019 | archive-date = November 23, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191123150149/https://www.dallasuu.org/our-stories/history/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> A large community of the [[United Church of Christ]] exists in the city. The most prominent UCC-affiliated church is the [[Cathedral of Hope (Dallas)|Cathedral of Hope]], a predominantly [[List of Christian denominations affirming LGBT|LGBT-affirming]] church.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Cathedral of Hope|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2010/january/the-cathedral-of-hope/|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=D Magazine|date=January 13, 2010 |language=en}}</ref>

Dallas's [[Judaism|Jewish]] population of 50,000-75,000 is the largest of any city in Texas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/largest-jewish-populated-metropolitan-areas-united-states|title=Largest Jewish Populated Metropolitan Areas in the United States|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> Since the establishment of the city's first Jewish cemetery in 1854 and its first congregation (which would eventually be known as [[Temple Emanu-El (Dallas, Texas)|Temple Emanu-El]]) in 1873, Dallasite Jews have been well represented among leaders in commerce, politics, and various professional fields in Dallas and elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ornish|first=Natalie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0QJKDwAAQBAJ&q=dallasite+jew&pg=PR12|title=Pioneer Jewish Texans|date=September 1, 2011|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-1-60344-423-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Jews Who Built Dallas|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2008/november/the-jews-who-built-dallas/|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=D Magazine|date=October 27, 2008 |language=en}}</ref> Furthermore, a large [[Islam|Muslim community]] exists in the north and northeastern portions of Dallas, as well as in the [[Islam in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|northern Dallas suburbs]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mosques and Islamic schools in Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas - Salatomatic - your guide to mosques & Islamic schools|url=https://www.salatomatic.com/sub/kpanEvSMHv|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Salatomatic.com}}</ref> The oldest mosque in Dallas is Masjid Al-Islam just south of Downtown.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History – Masjid Al-Islam Dallas|url=https://masjidalislam.org/history/|access-date=June 29, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=April 30, 2020|title=Retiring imam has steered North Texas' oldest mosque on a path of social justice|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/inspired/2020/04/30/retiring-imam-has-steered-north-texas-oldest-mosque-on-a-path-of-social-justice/|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Dallas News|language=en}}</ref>

Dallas has a large Buddhist community. Immigrants from [[East Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Nepal]], and [[Sri Lanka]] have all contributed to the Buddhist population, which is concentrated in the northern suburbs of [[Garland, Texas|Garland]], [[Plano, Texas|Plano]] and [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]]. Numerous Buddhist temples dot the Metroplex including The Buddhist Center of Dallas, Lien Hoa Vietnamese Temple of Irving, and Kadampa Meditation Center Texas and Wat Buddhamahamunee of [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]]. A large and growing Hindu Community lives in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Most live in Collin County and the northern portions of Dallas County. Over 28 Hindu Temples exist in the area. Some notable ones include the DFW Hindu Temple, the [[North Texas Hindu Mandir]], [[Radha Krishna Temple, Dallas]] and [[Karya Siddhi Hanuman Temple]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2012/01/12/asian-indian-population-booming-in-dallas-fort-worth/|website = dallasnews|title = Asian Indian Population Booming in Dallas–Fort Worth|date = January 12, 2012|access-date = February 8, 2020}}</ref> There are also at least three [[Sikh]] [[Gurudwara]]s in this metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhtempledallas.org/ |title=Sikh Temple of North Texas |publisher=Sikhtempledallas.org |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411074616/http://www.sikhtempledallas.org/ |archive-date=April 11, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gurdwararichardson.org/ |title=Gurdwara Singh Sabha of North Texas, Richardson |publisher=Gurdwararichardson.org |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417211406/http://www.gurdwararichardson.org/ |archive-date=April 17, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurdwara.us/south.html |title=Sikh Gurdwaras in USA – Sikh Gurdwara in USA |publisher=Gurdwara.us |access-date=May 23, 2010}}</ref> For irreligious people, the Winter Solstice Celebration is held in the Metroplex although some of its participants are also [[Modern Paganism|neo-pagans]] and [[New Age]]rs.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-solstice_21met.ART0.North.Edition1.37a06fc.html | title = Dallas solstice celebration fills a void for the nonreligious | date = December 21, 2007 | first = Jeffrey | last = Weiss | access-date = December 21, 2007 | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071225182354/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-solstice_21met.ART0.North.Edition1.37a06fc.html | archive-date = December 25, 2007}}</ref>

===Crime===

According to the FBI, a city to city comparison of crime rates can be misleading, because recording practices vary from city to city, citizens report different percentages of crimes from one city to the next, and the actual number of people physically present in a city is unknown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/06prelim/ |title=Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report, January–December, 2006 |publisher=Fbi.gov |date=June 4, 2007 |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114195803/http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/06prelim/ |archive-date=January 14, 2010}}</ref> With that in mind, Dallas's violent crime rate (12.06 per 1,000 people) is lower than [[St Louis]] (24.81), [[Detroit]] (24.22), [[Baltimore]] (16.96), [[Philadelphia]] (15.62), [[Cleveland]] (15.47), [[Miami]] (15.09), [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]]. (14.48), [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] (14.44) and [[Boston]] (13.39). However, [[Houston]] (11.69), [[Los Angeles]] (7.87), and [[New York City]] (6.38) have lower violent crime rates than Dallas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/06prelim/ucrtable4index.htm |title=Table 4, Offenses Reported to Law Enforcement by State by City 100,000 and over in Population, Index |publisher=Fbi.gov |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114195828/http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/06prelim/ucrtable4index.htm |archive-date=January 14, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=February 2024}}</ref>

Since 2020, Dallas' murder rate has seen a notable increase.  In 2020, Dallas recorded 251 murders which was a 20-year high. By 2022 it decreased to 214 but then increased to 246 in 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://lakewood.advocatemag.com/dallas-homicides-increase/ | title=Dallas homicides increased in 2023 even as other violent crime saw improvements, police say | date=January 5, 2024 }}</ref> As of 2020, the gang presence in Dallas has grown significantly and is heavily responsible for the spike in crime.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.khou.com/article/news/increased-gang-activity-leads-to-spike-of-violent-crime-in-dallas/285-442103737 | title=Increased gang activity leads to spike of violent crime in Dallas | date=May 23, 2017 }}</ref>

==Economy==
{{See also|List of companies in Dallas|List of shopping malls in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="6" style="background:tan;" |'''Top publicly traded companies<br />in Dallas for 2017'''<br />according to revenues<br />with Dallas and U.S. ranks.
|-
| style="background:#ccc;" |'''DAL'''|| style="background:#ccc;" |'''Corporation'''|| style="background:#ccc;" |'''US'''
|-
|1||[[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]]||9
|-
|2||[[Energy Transfer Equity]]|||79
|-
|3||[[Tenet Healthcare]]||134
|-
|4||[[Southwest Airlines]]||138
|-
|5||[[Texas Instruments]]||206
|-
|6||[[Jacobs Engineering]]||259
|-
|7||[[HF Sinclair]]||274
|-
|8||[[Dean Foods]]||351
|-
|9||Builders FirstSource||421
|-
| colspan="5" |{{Further|List of companies in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|l1=List of companies in Dallas–Fort Worth}}'''''Source:''''' ''Dallas Morning News''<ref name="Dallas Morning News">{{cite news | title = Dallas–Fort Worth lands 22 companies on this year's Fortune 500 | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/business/business/2017/06/07/dallas-fort-worthlands-22-companies-years-fortune-500 | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | first = Pat | last = O'Donnell | date = June 7, 2017 | access-date=June 7, 2017}}</ref>
|}
[[File:Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas 1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas]]]]
[[File:Comerica Bank Tower 01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Comerica Bank Tower]]]]
[[File:GalleriaMallBarreledSkyLight.jpg|thumb|[[Galleria Dallas]]]]
In its beginnings, Dallas relied on farming, neighboring [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]'s [[Fort Worth Stockyards|Stockyards]], and its prime location on Native American trade routes to sustain itself. Dallas' key to growth came in 1873 with the construction of multiple [[Rail road|rail]] lines through the city. As Dallas grew and technology developed, cotton became its boon and by 1900, Dallas was the largest inland cotton market in the world, becoming a leader in [[cotton gin]] machinery manufacturing.

By the early 1900s, Dallas was a hub for economic activity all over the Southern United States and was selected in 1914 as the seat of the [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas|Eleventh Federal Reserve District]]. By 1925, Texas churned out more than {{frac|1|3}} of the nation's cotton crop, with 31% of Texas cotton produced within a {{convert|100|mi|km|adj=on}} [[radius]] of Dallas. In the 1930s, petroleum was discovered east of Dallas, near [[Kilgore, Texas|Kilgore]]. Dallas' proximity to the discovery put it immediately at the center of the nation's petroleum market. Petroleum discoveries in the [[Permian Basin (North America)|Permian Basin]], the [[Texas Panhandle|Panhandle]], the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast]], and [[Oklahoma]] in the following years further solidified Dallas' position as the hub of the market.<ref name="paynechapV">{{cite book|last=Payne |first=Darwin |title= Dallas, an illustrated history |year=1982 |publisher=Windsor Publications |location=Woodland Hills, California |isbn= 0-89781-034-1 |pages=189–221 |chapter= Chapter VII: The Emergence of "Big D"}}</ref>

The end of [[World War II]] left Dallas seeded with a nexus of communications, engineering, and production talent by companies such as Collins Radio Corporation. Decades later, the telecommunications and information revolutions still drive a large portion of the local economy. The city is sometimes referred to as the heart of "[[Silicon Prairie]]" because of a high concentration of telecommunications companies in the region, the epicenter of which lies along the [[Telecom Corridor]] in [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]], a northern suburb of Dallas. The Telecom Corridor is home to more than 5,700 companies including [[Texas Instruments]] (headquartered in Dallas), [[Nortel Networks]], [[Alcatel Lucent]], [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]], [[Ericsson]], [[Fujitsu]], [[Nokia]], [[Rockwell Collins]], [[Cisco Systems]], [[T-Mobile US|T-Mobile]], [[Verizon Communications]], and [[CompUSA]] (which is now headquartered in [[Miami]], [[Florida]]).<ref>[http://www.telecomcorridor.com/ Telecom Corridor website]. Retrieved February 21, 2006.</ref> Texas Instruments, a major manufacturer, employs 10,400 people at its corporate headquarters and chip plants in Dallas.<ref>[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/factsheet.shtml Texas Instruments] – [http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/factsheet.shtml Fact Sheet]. Retrieved October 1, 2006.</ref>

In the 1980s Dallas was a real estate hotbed, with the increasing metropolitan population bringing with it a demand for new housing and office space. Several of [[Downtown Dallas]]' largest buildings are the fruit of this boom, but over-speculation, the [[savings and loan crisis]] and an oil bust brought the 1980s building boom to an end for Dallas as well as its sister city Houston. Between the late 1980s and the early 2000s, central Dallas went through a slow period of growth. However, since the early 2000s the central core of Dallas has been enjoying steady and significant growth encompassing both repurposing of older commercial buildings in Downtown Dallas into residential and hotel uses, as well as the construction of new office and residential towers. The opening of [[Klyde Warren Park]], built across [[Texas State Highway Spur 366|Woodall Rodgers Freeway]] seamlessly connecting the central Dallas CBD to Uptown/Victory Park, has acted synergistically with the highly successful Dallas Arts District, so both have become catalysts for significant new development in central Dallas.

The residential real estate market in the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] has not only been resilient but has once again returned to a boom status. Dallas and the greater metro area have been leading the nation in apartment construction and net leasing, with rents reaching all-time highs. Single family home sales, whether pre-owned or new construction, along with home price appreciation, were leading the nation since 2015.<ref name="Economic Snapshot">{{cite news|title=DFW Apartment Boom Hits Region|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2015/07/01/dfw-apartment-boom-hits-region-with-all-time.html|newspaper=Dallas Business Journal|access-date=July 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dallas Residential Real Estate">{{cite news | title = Dallas Area Home Price Growth Dwarfs National Gains | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/business/residential-real-estate/20150630-dallas-area-home-price-growth-dwarfs-national-gains.ece | first = Steve | last = Brown | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | date = June 30, 2015 | access-date = June 30, 2015 | archive-date = July 7, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150707010853/http://www.dallasnews.com/business/residential-real-estate/20150630-dallas-area-home-price-growth-dwarfs-national-gains.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref>

A sudden drop in the price of oil, starting in mid-2014 and accelerating throughout 2015, has not significantly affected Dallas and its greater metro area due to the highly diversified nature of its economy. Dallas and the metropolitan region continue to see strong demand for housing, apartment and office leasing, shopping center space, warehouse and industrial space with overall job growth remaining very robust. Oil-dependent cities and regions have felt significant effects from the downturn, but Dallas's growth has continued unabated, strengthening in 2015. Significant national headquarters relocations to the area (as exemplified by Toyota's decision to leave [[California]] and establish its new North American headquarters in the Dallas area) coupled with significant expansions of regional offices for a variety of corporations and along with company relocations to Downtown Dallas helped drive the boom in the Dallas economy. Dallas led Texas's largest cities in ''Forbes'' magazine's 2015 ranking of "The Best Place for Business and Careers".<ref name="Business">{{cite news|title=Forbes Reveals Best Places in America for Business and Careers|url=http://www.chron.com/business/article/Forbes-reveals-the-best-places-in-America-for-6415930.php#photo-2194273|newspaper=Houston Chronicle|access-date=July 30, 2015}}</ref> In 2020, Dallas ranked No. 2 in Forbes magazine's ranking of "The Best Place for Business and Careers".<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Best Places For Business and Careers|url=https://www.forbes.com/best-places-for-business/list/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218155942/https://www.forbes.com/best-places-for-business/list/|archive-date=February 18, 2021|access-date=February 18, 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

The Dallas–Fort Worth area has one of the largest concentrations of corporate headquarters for publicly traded companies in the United States. ''Fortune Magazine''{{'s}} 2022 annual list of the Fortune 500 in America indicates the city of Dallas had 11 Fortune 500 companies,.<ref name="Fortune-2022" /> and the DFW region as a whole had 23.<ref name="Fortune-2022a" /> As of 2022, Dallas–Fort Worth represents the second-largest concentration of Fortune 500 headquarters in Texas and fourth-largest in the United States, behind the metropolitan areas of [[Greater Houston|Houston]] (24), [[Chicago metropolitan area|Chicago]] (35) and [[New York metropolitan area|New York]] (62).<ref name="Fortune-2022a" />

In 2008, [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]] relocated their headquarters to Downtown Dallas;<ref>{{cite news|title=AT&T Making a Move|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/30/technology/30phone.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 30, 2008 |access-date=June 30, 2008}}</ref> AT&T is the largest telecommunications company in the world and was the ninth largest company in the nation by revenue for 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoinegara/2017/05/24/the-worlds-largest-telecom-companies-att-and-verizon-top-china-mobile/#f0a9a30a4523|title=The World's Largest Telecom Companies: AT&T And Verizon Top China Mobile|website=Forbes|access-date=May 24, 2017 |date=May 24, 2017 |first=Antoine |last=Gara}}</ref> Additional [[Fortune 500]] companies headquartered in Dallas in order of ranking include [[Energy Transfer Equity]], [[CBRE Group|CBRE]] (which moved its headquarters from Los Angeles to Dallas in 2020),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2020/10/28/cbre-headquarters-relocation.html|title=CBRE relocating headquarters to Dallas from Los Angeles, sources say|access-date=February 12, 2022|website=Dallas Business Journal |date=Oct 28, 2020 |first1=Ryan |last1=Salchert |first2=Taylor |last2=Tompkins |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201028181308/https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2020/10/28/cbre-headquarters-relocation.html |archive-date=Oct 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Real estate brokerage CBRE moves headquarters from Los Angeles to Dallas|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/real-estate-brokerage-cbre-moves-193907122.html|access-date=February 12, 2022|website=Yahoo Finance |date=October 29, 2020 |language=en-US |first=Roger |last=Vincent}}</ref> [[Tenet Healthcare]], [[Southwest Airlines]], Texas Instruments, [[Jacobs Engineering]], [[HollyFrontier]], [[Dean Foods]], and Builders FirstSource. In October 2016, Jacobs Engineering, one of the world's largest engineering companies, relocated from [[Pasadena, California]] to Downtown Dallas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2016/10/24/jacobs-engineering-global-hq-dallas-california.html|title=Global engineering firm to relocate headquarters from California to Dallas|website=Bizjournals.com|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref>

Nearby Irving is home to six Fortune 500 companies of its own, including [[McKesson Corporation|McKesson]], the country's largest pharmaceutical distributor and listed at number seven overall on the 2021 Fortune 500 list,<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 1, 2018|title=Largest Pharmaceutical Company in U.S. Moving its HQ from California to DFW|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/commercial-real-estate/2018/11/largest-pharmaceutical-company-in-u-s-moving-headquarters-from-california-to-dfw/|access-date=February 12, 2022|website=D Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2018/11/30/mckesson-relocates-headquarters-to-north-texas.html|title=Fortune 500 company to move headquarters from California to DFW|access-date=February 12, 2022|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fortune 500|url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2021/|access-date=February 12, 2022|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> [[Fluor Corporation|Fluor]] (engineering), [[Kimberly-Clark]], [[Celanese]], [[The Michaels Companies|Michaels Companies]], and [[TXU Energy|Vistra Energy]].<ref name="Fortune 500">{{cite magazine|title=Fortune 500|url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/|magazine=Fortune Magazine|access-date=June 7, 2017}}</ref> [[Plano, Texas|Plano]] is home to an additional four Fortune 500 companies, including [[J.C. Penney]], [[Alliance Data Systems]], [[Yum China]], and [[Keurig Dr Pepper|Dr. Pepper Snapple]].<ref name="Fortune 500" /> Fort Worth is home to two [[Fortune 500]] companies, including [[American Airlines]], the largest airline in the world by revenue, fleet size, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile and [[D.R. Horton]], the largest homebuilder in America.<ref name="Fortune 500" /> Westlake, TX, north of Fort Worth, now has two Fortune 500 companies: Financial services giant, [[Charles Schwab Corporation|Charles Schwab]], and convenience store distributor, [[Core-Mark]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 29, 2019|title=Charles Schwab's move to DFW shakes up leaderboard in region already undergoing changes|url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/charles-schwabs-move-to-dfw-shakes-up-leaderboard-in-region-already-undergoing-changes/287-36f72c12-37ae-4f7c-bce0-7d6eed949316|access-date=February 12, 2022|website=wfaa.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 6, 2018|title=Fortune 500 Company Relocating From California to DFW|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/commercial-real-estate/2018/09/fortune-500-company-relocating-to-dfw/|access-date=February 12, 2022|website=D Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> One Fortune 500 company, [[GameStop]], is based in [[Grapevine, Texas|Grapevine]].

Additional major companies headquartered in Dallas and its metro area include [[Comerica]], which relocated its national headquarters to Downtown Dallas from [[Detroit]] in 2007,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toledoblade.com/business/2007/03/06/Comerica-Inc-to-relocate-headquarters-from-Detroit-to-Dallas.html|title=Comerica Inc. to relocate headquarters from Detroit to Dallas|website=toledoblade.com|access-date=March 6, 2007}}</ref> NTT DATA Services, Regency Energy Partners, [[Atmos Energy]], [[Neiman Marcus]], [[AECOM]], [[Think Finance]], [[7-Eleven]], [[Brinker International]], Primoris Services, [[AMS Pictures]], [[id Software]], [[Mary Kay Cosmetics]], [[Chuck E. Cheese's]], [[Zale Corporation]], and [[Fossil, Inc.|Fossil, Inc]]. Many of these companies—and others throughout the DFW metroplex—comprise the [[Dallas Regional Chamber]]. [[Susan G. Komen for the Cure]], the world's largest breast cancer organization, was founded and is headquartered in Dallas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jerusalem.usconsulate.gov/pr-03272007b.html |title=Ambassador Nancy G. Brinker, Founder of the World's Largest (March 27, 2007) |publisher=Jerusalem.usconsulate.gov |date=March 27, 2007 |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817145240/http://jerusalem.usconsulate.gov/pr-03272007b.html |archive-date=August 17, 2009}}</ref>

In addition to its large number of businesses, Dallas has more shopping centers per capita than any other city in the United States and is also home to the second shopping center ever built in the United States, [[Highland Park Village]], which opened in 1931.<ref name="VisitDallas_Shopping">{{cite web |url=https://www.visitdallas.com/things-to-do/shopping/index.html|title=Shopping |access-date=June 27, 2021 |url-status=live |website=VisitDallas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404181001/http://www.visitdallas.com:80/things-to-do/shopping/index.html |archive-date=April 4, 2016 }}</ref> Dallas is home of the two other major malls in North Texas, the [[Dallas Galleria]] and [[NorthPark Center]], which is the second largest mall in Texas. Both malls feature high-end stores and are major tourist draws for the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northparkcenter.com/pages/northpark-history|title=NorthPark Center History – Luxury Shopping in Dallas|website=Northparkcenter.com|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.galleriadallas.com/shopping/|title=Shopping|website=Galleriadallas.com|access-date=August 27, 2017|archive-date=November 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122072055/http://www.galleriadallas.com/shopping/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine's annual list of "The Richest People in America" published September 21, 2011, the city is home to 17 billionaires, up from 14 in 2009. In 2009 (with 14 billionaires) the city placed sixth worldwide among cities with the most billionaires.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Richest People in America, September 21, 2011|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes-400/#p_34_s_astate_All%20industries_All%20states_All%20categories_|work=Forbes Magazine|access-date=October 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Top World Cities for Billionaires, April 22, 2009|url=http://www.overseaspropertymall.com/stats/top-world-cities-for-billionaires/|publisher=Overseas Property Mall, Guide to International Real Estate Investment|access-date=October 26, 2011|archive-date=April 26, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426051829/http://www.overseaspropertymall.com/stats/top-world-cities-for-billionaires/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Dallas is the third most popular destination for business travel in the United States, and the [[Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center]] is one of the largest and busiest convention centers in the country, at over {{convert|1000000|sqft|m2}}, and the world's single-largest column-free exhibit hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallascvb.com/meetings/why_dallas/ |title=Meeting Professionals – Why Dallas? |publisher=Dallascvb.com |access-date=August 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413060744/http://www.dallascvb.com/meetings/why_dallas/ |archive-date=April 13, 2008 }}</ref> [[Visitdallas|VisitDallas]] is the [[501(c)(6)]] organization contracted to promote tourism and attract conventions but an audit released in January 2019 cast doubts on its effectiveness in achieving those goals.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Rogers |first1=Tim |title=VisitDallas Audit Reveals a Well-Run Trough for Piggish Top Executives |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/frontburner/2019/01/visitdallas-audit-reveals-a-well-run-trough-for-piggish-top-executives/ |access-date=January 8, 2019 |magazine=D Magazine}}</ref>

==Arts and culture==
{{Main|Culture of Dallas}}
<gallery class="center" widths="180" heights="120">
File:Chandelier and stage inside the auditorium of the Margot & Bill Winspear Opera House, part of the AT&T Performing Arts Center complex in the Arts District of Dallas, Texas LCCN2015630583.tif|Internal view of [[Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House]]
File:Dallas Holocaust & Human Rights Museum Photo.png|[[Dallas Holocaust and Human Rights Museum]]
File:American Airlines Center August 2015.jpg|[[American Airlines Center]]
File:NorthPark Center March 2017 4.jpg|[[NorthPark Center]]
File:Dallas Museum of Art July 2015 02.jpg|[[Dallas Museum of Art]]
File:State Fair of Texas September 2019 02 (Centennial Hall).jpg|The [[State Fair of Texas|Texas State Fair]] in [[Fair Park]]
</gallery>

===Arts and museums===
The [[Arts District, Dallas|Arts District]] in the northern section of [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]] is home to several arts venues and is the largest contiguous arts district in the United States.<ref>{{cite news | title = ArtPlace names the Dallas Arts District one of the nation's top 12 ArtPlaces | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/arts/arts/2013/01/08/artplace-names-the-dallas-arts-district-one-of-the-nations-top-12-artplaces | first = Michael | last = Granberry | date = January 8, 2013 | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | access-date = September 7, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180403173645/https://www.dallasnews.com/arts/arts/2013/01/08/artplace-names-the-dallas-arts-district-one-of-the-nations-top-12-artplaces | archive-date = April 3, 2018 | url-status = live}}</ref> Notable venues in the district include the [[Dallas Museum of Art]]; the [[Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center]], home to the [[Dallas Symphony Orchestra]] and [[Dallas Wind Symphony]]; the [[Nasher Sculpture Center]]; and the [[The Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art|Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art]].

The [[Perot Museum of Nature and Science]], also in Downtown Dallas, is a [[Natural history museum|natural history]] and [[science museum]]. Designed by 2005 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate [[Thom Mayne]] and his firm Morphosis Architects, the {{convert|180,000|ft2|adj=on}} facility has six floors and stands about 14 stories high.

Venues that are part of the AT&T [[Dallas Center for the Performing Arts]] include [[Moody Performance Hall]], home to the [[Dallas Chamber Symphony]]; the [[Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre]], home to the [[Dallas Theater Center]] and the Dallas Black Dance Theater; and the [[Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House|Winspear Opera House]], home to the [[Dallas Opera]] and [[Texas Ballet Theater]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dallasopera.org/the_company/the_winspear.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215052732/http://www.dallasopera.org/the_company/the_winspear.php |url-status=dead |title=The Winspear Opera House |archive-date=December 15, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.dallasperformingarts.org/buildingthecenter.html | title = Building the Center | website = [[Dallas Center for the Performing Arts]] | via = www.dallasperformingarts.org | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080315224549/http://www.dallasperformingarts.org/buildingthecenter.html |  archive-date = March 15, 2008}}</ref>

Not far north of the area is the [[Meadows Museum]] at Southern Methodist University. In 2009, it joined up with Madrid's [[Museo del Prado|Prado Museum]] for a three-year partnership. The Prado focuses on Spanish visual art and has a collection of Spanish art in North America, with works by de Juanes, El Greco, Fortuny, Goya, Murillo, Picasso, Pkensa, Ribera, Rico, Velasquez, Zurbaran, and other Spaniards. These works, as well as non-Spanish highlights like sculptures by Rodin and Moore, have been so successful of a collaboration that the Prado and Meadows have agreed upon an extension of the partnership.<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://www.smu.edu/News/2012/meadows-prado-agreement-13july2012 | title = Prado and Meadows Museum announce expansion of partnership – SMU | date = July 13, 2012| work = [[Southern Methodist University]] | via = www.smu.edu | access-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref>

The Institute for Creation Research operates the [[ICR Discovery Center for Science & Earth History]], a creationism museum, in Dallas.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Panicker | first1=Jobin | title=Inside the Dallas museum where faith meets science | url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/inside-the-dallas-museum-where-faith-meets-science/287-253a5519-bd1b-4506-8362-af9d0c69f138 | date=April 18, 2019 | work=[[WFAA]] | access-date=January 21, 2021}}</ref> The former [[Texas School Book Depository]], from which, according to the [[Warren Commission]] Report, [[Lee Harvey Oswald]] [[JFK assassination|shot and killed]] President [[John F. Kennedy]] in 1963, has served since the 1980s as a [[Local government|county government]] office building, except for its sixth and seventh floors, which house [[Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza|the Sixth Floor Museum]].

[[The American Museum of the Miniature Arts]] is at the Hall of State in [[Fair Park]]. The Arts District is also home to [[Dallas Independent School District|DISD]]'s [[Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts]], a magnet school that was recently expanded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artsmagnet.org/ |title=Artsmagnet.org |publisher=Artsmagnet.org |access-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref> [[City Center District, Dallas, Texas|City Center District]], next to the Arts District, is home to [[the Dallas Contemporary]].

[[Deep Ellum]], immediately east of Downtown, originally became popular during the 1920s and 1930s as the prime [[jazz]] and [[blues]] hot spot in the [[Southern United States|South]].<ref name="paynechapVI">{{cite book |last=Payne |first=Darwin |title= Dallas, an illustrated history |year=1982 |publisher=Windsor Publications |location=Woodland Hills, California |isbn= 0-89781-034-1 |pages=157–185 |chapter= Chapter VI: The Spirit of Enterprise}}</ref> Artists such as [[Blind Lemon Jefferson]], [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]], Huddie "[[Lead Belly]]" Ledbetter, and [[Bessie Smith]] played in original Deep Ellum clubs such as the Harlem and the Palace. Today, Deep Ellum is home to hundreds of artists who live in lofts and operate in studios throughout the district alongside bars, pubs, and concert venues.<ref>[http://www.deepellumtx.com/ The Deep Ellum Association] – [http://www.deepellumtx.com/time_line.html Time Line]. Retrieved on October 19, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918203445/http://www.deepellumtx.com/ |date=September 18, 2015 }}</ref>

A major art infusion in the area results from the city's lax stance on [[graffiti]], and a number of public spaces, including tunnels, sides of buildings, sidewalks, and streets, are covered in murals. One major example, the Good-Latimer tunnel, was torn down in late 2006 to accommodate the construction of a [[Green Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|light rail line]] through the site.<ref>{{cite web|author=Hobson Real Estate Group |url=http://www.hgrouphomes.com/About_Dallas_Texas/page_2476195.html |title=Thinking of Relocating to Dallas |publisher=Hobson Real Estate Group |access-date=June 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121032504/http://www.hgrouphomes.com/About_Dallas_Texas/page_2476195.html |archive-date=January 21, 2013 }}</ref>

Like Deep Ellum before it, the [[Cedars, Dallas, Texas|Cedars]] neighborhood to the south of Downtown has also seen a growing population of studio artists and an expanding roster of entertainment venues. The area's art scene began to grow in the early 2000s with the opening of Southside on Lamar, an old Sears Roebuck and Company warehouse converted into lofts, studios, and retail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southsideonlamar.com/|title=Southside on Lamar Apartments Located in Downtown Dallas|website=South Side On Lamar}}</ref>

Current attractions include Gilley's Dallas and Poor David's Pub.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |website=Gilley's Dallas |url=http://www.gilleysdallas.com/PressRoom/pressreleases/PRrelease0911.pdf |title=The Legend Returns: Gilley's Brings New Life to Downtown Dallas |date=September 11, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403173814/http://www.gilleysdallas.com/PressRoom/pressreleases/PRrelease0911.pdf |archive-date=April 3, 2005 |access-date=October 19, 2006}} {{cite web|url=http://www.gilleysdallas.com/ |title=Gilleys :: Dallas |access-date=November 16, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403173814/http://www.gilleysdallas.com/ |archive-date=April 3, 2005 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.poordavidspub.com/ Poor David's Pub] – [http://www.poordavidspub.com/#find%20us Find Us]. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.</ref> [[Dallas Mavericks]] owner and local entrepreneur [[Mark Cuban]] purchased land along Lamar Street near [[Cedars Station]] in September 2005, and locals speculate he is planning an entertainment complex for the site.<ref>{{Cite news | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | date = September 6, 2005 | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/classifieds/news/homecenter/realestate/stories/DN-cuban_01bus.ART.State.Edition2.13bfde7f.html | title = Mark Cuban snaps up tracks near downtown | first = Steve | last = Brown | access-date = April 20, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050912011531/https://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/classifieds/news/homecenter/realestate/stories/DN-cuban_01bus.ART.State.Edition2.13bfde7f.html | archive-date = September 12, 2005 | url-status = dead}}</ref> South of the Trinity River, the Bishop Arts District in [[Oak Cliff]] is home to a number of studio artists living in converted warehouses. Walls of buildings along alleyways and streets are painted with murals, and the surrounding streets contain many eclectic restaurants and shops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bishopartsdistrict.com/ |title=Bishop Arts District |publisher=Bishop Arts District |access-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref>

Dallas has an Office of Cultural Affairs as a department of the city government. The office is responsible for six cultural centers throughout the city, funding for local artists and theaters, initiating public art projects, and running the city-owned [[classical music|classical]] radio station [[WRR (FM)|WRR]].<ref>[http://www.dallasculture.org/ City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs] – [http://www.dallasculture.org/culturalCenters.cfm Cultural Centers] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014062802/http://www.dallasculture.org/culturalCenters.cfm |date=October 14, 2006 }}</ref> The [[Los Angeles-class submarine]] [[USS Dallas (SSN-700)|USS ''Dallas'']] was planned to become a museum ship near the Trinity River after her decommissioning in September 2014, but this has since been delayed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Macon |first1=Alex |title=Could the Nuclear Submarine USS Dallas Finally Come to Dallas? |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/frontburner/2017/12/uss-dallas-maritime-museum-hunt-red-october-submarine/ |website=Could the Nuclear Submarine USS Dallas Finally Come to Dallas? – D Magazine |date=December 8, 2017 |publisher=A Magazine |access-date=October 15, 2018}}</ref> It will be taken apart into massive sections in Houston and be transported by trucks to the museum site and will be put back together.

===Libraries===
The city is served by the [[Dallas Public Library]] system. The system was created by the Dallas Federation of Women's Clubs with efforts spearheaded by then president [[May Dickson Exall]]. Her fundraising efforts led to a grant from philanthropist and steel baron [[Andrew Carnegie]], which allowed the library system to build its first branch in 1901.<ref>[http://dallaslibrary.org/ DallasLibrary.org] – [http://www.dallaslibrary.org/100/historySynopsis.htm History]. Retrieved May 1, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516160603/http://dallaslibrary.org/ |date=May 16, 2010 }}</ref>

Today, the library operates 30 branch locations throughout the city, including the 8-story [[J. Erik Jonsson Central Library]] in the [[Government District, Dallas|Government District]] of [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]].<ref>[http://dallaslibrary.org/ DallasLibrary.org]. Retrieved March 13, 2006.</ref>

===Places of interest===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Adolphus Hotel]]
* [[African American Museum (Dallas)|African American Museum]]
* [[American Airlines Center]]
* [[Arts District, Dallas|Arts District]]
* [[AT&T Performing Arts Center]]
* [[Bishop Arts District]]
* [[Cedars, Dallas|Cedars]]
* [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]]
* [[Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden]]
* [[Dallas Baptist University]]
* [[Dallas Chamber Symphony]]
* [[Dallas Hilton]], the world's first modern [[Hilton Worldwide|Hilton]]
* [[Dallas Holocaust Museum/Center for Education & Tolerance]]
* [[Dallas Municipal Building]]
* [[Dallas Museum of Art]]
* [[Dallas World Aquarium]]
* [[Dallas Zoo]]
* [[Dealey Plaza]]
* [[Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre]]
* [[Design District, Dallas|Design District]]
* [[Exposition Park, Dallas]]
* [[Fair Park]]
* [[Farmers Market, Dallas|Farmers Market]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas]]
* [[Frontiers of Flight Museum]]
* [[Galleria Dallas]]
* [[George W. Bush Presidential Center]]
* [[Highland Park Village]]
* [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial]]
* [[Kalita Humphreys Theater]], designed by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]
* [[Katy Trail (Dallas)|Katy Trail]]
* [[Kirby Building]]
* [[Klyde Warren Park]]
* [[Majestic Theatre (Dallas, Texas)|Majestic Theatre]]
* [[Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge]]
* [[Meadows Museum]]
* [[Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center]]
* [[Munger Place Historic District, Dallas|Munger Place Historic District]]
* [[Museum of Biblical Art (Dallas)|Museum of Biblical Art]]
* [[Nasher Sculpture Center|The Nasher Sculpture Center]]
* [[Neiman Marcus Building]]
* [[NorthPark Center]]
* [[Pioneer Plaza]]
* [[Perot Museum of Nature and Science]]
* [[Reunion Tower]]
* [[Ronald Kirk Bridge]]
* [[Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza]]
* [[South Boulevard-Park Row Historic District]]
* [[Southern Methodist University]]
* [[Southfork Ranch]] as seen on [[Dallas (1978 TV series)|''Dallas'' (1978)]] and [[Dallas (2012 TV series)|''Dallas'' (2012)]]
* [[Swiss Avenue, Dallas|Swiss Avenue]] historical district
* [[Texas School Book Depository]]
* [[Texas Theatre]]
* [[Thanks-Giving Square]]
* [[Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art]]
* [[Trinity River Audubon Center]]
* [[Two Bit Circus]]
* [[Victory Park, Dallas, Texas|Victory Park]]
* [[White Rock Lake]]
{{div col end}}

===Cuisine===
Dallas is known for its [[barbecue]], authentic [[Mexican cuisine|Mexican]], and [[Tex-Mex cuisine]]. Famous products of the Dallas culinary scene include the [[margarita|Frozen margarita machine]] by restaurateur [[Mariano Martinez (entrepreneur)]] in 1971.<ref>{{cite news | last = Nelson | first = Colleen McCain | title = One Man's Invention, Forever Frozen In Time – Dallas: Margarita Machine Takes Its Rightful Place In History | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | date = October 9, 2005 | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/news/city/lakewood/stories/DN-margarita_09met.ART.West.Edition2.4242abd.html | access-date = February 7, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070322204400/https://www.dallasnews.com/s/dws/news/city/lakewood/stories/DN-margarita_09met.ART.West.Edition2.4242abd.html | archive-date = March 22, 2007}}</ref>

===Events===
The [[State Fair of Texas]] has been held annually at [[Fair Park]] since 1886, and generates an estimated $50 million to the city's economy annually.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Steve |first1=Thompson |title=Big Tex's economic impact? Try $50 million, says new study on the State Fair |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2016/04/19/big-tex-s-economic-impact-try-50-million-says-new-study-on-the-state-fair/ |website=The Dallas Morning News |date=April 19, 2016 |access-date=April 19, 2016}}</ref> The [[Red River Shootout]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Red River Showdown: The history behind the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry|url=https://www.kvue.com/article/sports/ncaa/longhorns/red-river-showdown-history-behind-the-texas-oklahoma-rivalry/269-2ae1103e-2409-44c4-96fa-a3df41f24da7|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=kvue.com|date=October 8, 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> a football game that pits the [[University of Texas at Austin]] against the [[University of Oklahoma]] at the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]], also brings significant crowds to the city. The city also hosts the [[State Fair Classic]] and [[Heart of Dallas Bowl]] at the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]].

Other festivals include several [[Cinco de Mayo]] celebrations hosted by the city's large [[Mexican American]] population and a [[Saint Patrick's Day]] parade along [[Lower Greenville, Dallas, Texas|Lower Greenville Avenue]], [[Juneteenth]] festivities, Taste of Dallas, the Deep Ellum Arts Festival, the [[Greek Food Festival of Dallas]], the annual Halloween event "The Wake", and two annual events on Halloween, including a Halloween parade on [[Oak Lawn, Dallas, Texas|Cedar Springs Road]] and a "Zombie Walk" held in [[Downtown Dallas]] in the [[Arts District]].

With the opening of [[Victory Park, Dallas, Texas|Victory Park]], [[WFAA]] began hosting an annual New Year's Eve celebration in AT&T Plaza that the television station hoped would reminisce of celebrations in New York's [[Times Square]]; on New Year's Eve 2011 set a new record of 32,000 people in attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 30, 2019|title=What happened to Big D NYE? Curious Texas investigates|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/curious-texas/2019/12/30/what-happened-to-big-d-nye-curious-texas-investigates/|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Dallas News|language=en}}</ref>

After the discontinuance of the "Big D NYE" festivities a few years later, a new end-of-year event was started downtown, with a big fireworks show put on at [[Reunion Tower]], which has since aired on [[KXAS]] and other TV stations around the state and region. Also, several Omni hotels in the Dallas area host large events to welcome in the new year, including murder mystery parties, rave-inspired events, and other events.

===Sports===
[[File:Cowboys Stadium full view.jpg|thumb|[[AT&T Stadium]], home of the [[Dallas Cowboys]]]]
[[File:NowitzkiWizards3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dirk Nowitzki]] with the Mavericks]]
[[File:Script Texas at Red River Shootout 2007.jpg|thumb|The [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] hosts the annual [[Red River Showdown]].]]
{{Main|Sports in Dallas}}
{{See also|U.S. cities with teams from four major league sports}}
[[Downtown Dallas]] is home to two major league sports teams that play at the [[American Airlines Center]]: the [[Dallas Mavericks]] ([[NBA]]), who won the [[NBA Championship]] in [[2011 NBA Finals|2011]], and the [[Dallas Stars]] ([[National Hockey League|NHL]]), who won the [[Stanley Cup Finals|Stanley Cup]] in [[1999 Stanley Cup Finals|1999]]. Nearby [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] is home to three professional sports teams: the [[Dallas Cowboys]] ([[NFL]]), who play at the [[AT&T Stadium]] and have won five [[Super Bowl]]s, the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] ([[Major League Baseball|MLB]]), who play at [[Globe Life Field]]<ref>{{cite web |date=April 1, 1994 |title=Rangers Ballpark in Arlington &#124; texasrangers.com: Ballpark |url=http://texas.rangers.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/tex/ballpark/index.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517153830/http://texas.rangers.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/tex/ballpark/index.jsp |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |access-date=May 11, 2013 |publisher=Texas.rangers.mlb.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=April 1, 1994 |title=Rangers Ballpark in Arlington &#124; texasrangers.com: Ballpark |url=http://texas.rangers.mlb.com/tex/ballpark/index.jsp |access-date=May 11, 2013 |publisher=Texas.rangers.mlb.com}}</ref> and won the [[World Series]] in [[2023 World Series|2023]], and the [[Dallas Wings]] ([[WNBA]]), who play at [[College Park Center]]. [[Mls|MLS]] team [[FC Dallas]] plays at [[Toyota Stadium (Texas)|Toyota Stadium]] in [[Frisco, Texas|Frisco]] and won the [[Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup]] in 1997 and 2016. Additionally, there are several minor league and college sports programs in the area.

Since joining the league as an expansion team in 1960, the Cowboys have enjoyed substantial success, advancing to eight [[Super Bowls]] and winning five. The Cowboys are financially the most valuable sports franchise in the world, worth approximately $4 billion.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2016/07/13/dallas-cowboys-head-the-worlds-50-most-valuable-sports-teams-of-2016/#4c73ecfd6bd7 |title=Dallas Cowboys Head The World's 50 Most Valuable Sports Teams Of 2016 |magazine=Forbes |date=July 16, 2016 |access-date=August 31, 2016 |first=Kurt |last=Badenhausen}}</ref> In 2009, they relocated to their new 80,000-seat stadium in Arlington, which was the site of [[Super Bowl XLV]]<ref>[http://www.dallascowboys.com/history_year.cfm Dallas Cowboys History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308062403/http://www.dallascowboys.com/history_year.cfm |date=March 8, 2008 }}. Retrieved on October 20, 2006.</ref> and is set to host the most matches during the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/news/dallas-will-host-9-games-in-upcoming-2026-world-cup/#:~:text=A%20silver%20lining%20in%20Sunday%27s,on%20the%20pitch%20in%20Arlington | title=AT&T Stadium will host 9 games in upcoming 2026 World Cup - CBS Texas | website=[[CBS News]] | date=February 5, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/media-releases/media-release-greater-than-fwc-2026-greater-than-host-cities-announcement|title=FIFA unveils stellar line-up of FIFA World Cup 2026 Host Cities|publisher=FIFA|date=June 16, 2022|access-date=June 16, 2022|archive-date=June 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616223211/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/media-releases/media-release-greater-than-fwc-2026-greater-than-host-cities-announcement|url-status=live}}</ref> The Cowboys are currently part of the [[NFC East|East Division]] of the [[National Football Conference]] (NFC).

The Texas Rangers won the American League pennant in 2010, 2011 and 2023, and won the [[World Series]] in 2023. The franchise relocated from [[Washington, D.C.|Washington D.C.]] in 1972. They play in the [[American League West|West Division]] of the [[American League]].

The Dallas Mavericks joined the league as an expansion team in 1980.  They won their first [[National Basketball Association]] championship in 2011 led by [[Dirk Nowitzki]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 NBA Finals – Mavericks vs. Heat|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/2011-nba-finals-mavericks-vs-heat.html|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=Basketball-Reference.com|language=en}}</ref> They play in the [[Southwest Division (NBA)|Southwest Division]] of the [[Western Conference (NBA)|Western Conference]].

The Dallas Stars moved to North Texas in 1993 as a relocation from the former team, the [[Minnesota North Stars]]. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two [[Presidents' Trophy|Presidents' Trophies]] as the top regular season team in the NHL, the [[Western Conference (NHL)|Western Conference]] championship three times, and in [[1998–99 NHL season|1998–99]], the [[Stanley Cup]]. The team plays in the [[Central Division (NHL)|Central Division]] of the [[Western Conference (NHL)|Western Conference]].

[[FC Dallas]] play at [[Toyota Stadium (Texas)|Toyota Stadium]] (formerly FC Dallas Stadium and Pizza Hut Park), a stadium that opened in 2005.<ref>[http://fc.dallas.mlsnet.com/t104/about/ FC Dallas About] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070702090035/http://fc.dallas.mlsnet.com/t104/about/ |date=July 2, 2007 }}. Retrieved on October 20, 2006.</ref> They currently play in MLS's [[Western Conference (MLS)|Western Conference]]. The team was originally called the Dallas Burn and used to play in the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]]. Although FC Dallas has not yet won a MLS Cup, they won the [[Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup]] in 1997 and 2016 and the [[Supporters' Shield]] in 2016. Previously, the [[Dallas Tornado]] played in the [[North American Soccer League (1968–84)|North American Soccer League]] from 1968 to 1981.

The Dallas Wings came to [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|The Metroplex]] in 2016 after relocating from [[Tulsa Shock|Tulsa]].

There are many notable minor league teams in the Dallas-Fort Worth. The [[Allen Americans]] are a professional ice hockey team headquartered at the [[Credit Union of Texas Event Center]] in [[Allen, Texas]], which currently plays in the [[ECHL]]. They are the minor league affiliate of the [[NHL]]'s [[Seattle Kraken]]. The team was founded in 2009 in the [[Central Hockey League]](CHL). They have won 4 straight championships, 2 in the CHL ([[2012–13 CHL season|2012–13]], [[2013–14 CHL season|2013–14]]) and 2 in the ECHL([[2014–15 ECHL season|2014–15]], [[2015–16 ECHL season|2015–16]]).

The [[Dallas Renegades]] are a professional football team in the relaunched [[XFL (2020)|XFL]] that plays their home games at [[Globe Life Park in Arlington|Globe Life Park]], the former home of the Texas Rangers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=XFL Dallas Team to Call Arlington's Globe Life Park Home|url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/xfl-dallas-team-to-call-arlingtons-globe-life-park-home/260537/|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=NBC 5 Dallas–Fort Worth|date=December 5, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Dallas Sidekicks (2012)]] are an American professional [[indoor soccer]] team based in [[Allen, Texas]], a suburb of Dallas. They play their home games in the [[Credit Union of Texas Event Center]]. The team is named after the original [[Dallas Sidekicks (1984–2004)|Dallas Sidekicks]] that operated from 1984 to 2004. The MLS-affiliated [[North Texas SC]] team is a member of [[MLS Next Pro]] and plays in Frisco at Toyota Stadium; it is the reserve team of FC Dallas. The Dallas Mavericks own an [[NBA G League]] team, the [[Texas Legends]].

[[Rugby union|Rugby]] is a developing sport in Dallas and Texas in general. The multiple clubs, ranging from men's and women's clubs to [[College rugby|collegiate]] and high school, are part of the [[Western Rugby Football Union|Texas Rugby Football Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasrugbyunion.com/ |title=Rugby Football Union |publisher=Texasrugbyunion.com |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref> Dallas was one of only 16 cities in the United States included in the [[Rugby Super League (United States)|Rugby Super League]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usarugbysuperleague.com/|title=2008 Rugby Super League|date=September 5, 2008|access-date=August 27, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905045920/http://www.usarugbysuperleague.com/|archive-date=September 5, 2008}}</ref> represented by [[Dallas Harlequins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quins.com|title=Dallas Harlequins – Welcome|website=Quins.com|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref> In 2020, [[Major League Rugby]] announced the [[Dallas Jackals]] as a new franchise.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 5, 2020|title=Major League Rugby unveils Dallas Jackals as second new franchise in a week|url=https://www.rugbypass.com/news/major-league-rugby-unveils-dallas-jackals-as-second-new-franchise-in-a-week/|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=RugbyPass|language=en}}</ref> [[Australian rules football]] is also growing in Dallas. The [[Dallas Magpies]], founded in 1998, compete in the [[United States Australian Football League]].

The only [[NCAA Division I|Division I]] sports program within the Dallas political boundary is the [[Dallas Baptist University]] [[Dallas Baptist Patriots|Patriots baseball team]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Super season places Dallas Baptist baseball on national radar | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/sports/college-sports/20110614-super-season-places-dallas-baptist-baseball-on-national-radar.ece | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | date = June 14, 2011 | first = Damin | last = Esper | access-date = September 3, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121021041755/http://www.dallasnews.com/sports/college-sports/20110614-super-season-places-dallas-baptist-baseball-on-national-radar.ece | archive-date = October 21, 2012 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dbu.edu/ Dallas Baptist University] – [http://www.dbu.edu/about/quick_facts.asp Facts and Statistics].</ref> Although outside the city limits, the [[SMU Mustangs|Mustangs]] of [[Southern Methodist University]] are in the enclave of [[University Park, Texas|University Park]]. Neighboring cities [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], Arlington, and [[Denton, Texas|Denton]] are home to the [[Texas Christian University]] [[TCU Horned Frogs|Horned Frogs]], [[University of Texas at Arlington|UT Arlington]] [[UT Arlington Mavericks|Mavericks]], and [[University of North Texas]] [[North Texas Mean Green|Mean Green]] respectively. The Dallas area hosted the Final Four of the [[2014 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament]] at AT&T Stadium. The college [[Cotton Bowl Classic]] football game was played at the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] through its [[2009 Cotton Bowl Classic|2009 game]], but has moved to AT&T Stadium.

The [[Red River Showdown]] is an American [[college football]] [[College rivalry|rivalry]] game played annually at the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl Stadium]] during the second weekend of the [[State Fair of Texas]] in October. The game is played by the [[Oklahoma Sooners football]] team of the [[University of Oklahoma]] and the [[Texas Longhorns football]] team of the [[University of Texas at Austin]]. The 10,000-capacity Forester Stadium, which is used mainly for football and soccer, is also located in Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forester Athletic Complex: Dallas, TX 75227: Visit Dallas|url=https://www.visitdallas.com/things-to-do/venue/view/7620/Forester-Athletic-Complex.html|access-date=June 26, 2020|website=Forester Athletic Complex: Dallas, TX 75227: Visit Dallas|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dallas Sports Commission|url=https://www.dallassports.org/venue/view/7620/Forester-Athletic-Complex.html|access-date=June 26, 2020|website=Forester Athletic Complex: Dallas, TX 75227: DSC|language=en}}</ref>

==Parks and recreation==
[[File:Stevens Park Golf Course In 2023.jpg|thumb|[[Stevens Park Golf Course]], in the [[Kessler, Dallas|Kessler Park]] neighborhood, with the view of [[Downtown Dallas]] on the end]]
Dallas maintains and operates 406 parks on {{convert|21000|acre|km2|0}} of parkland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urban Forestry {{!}} Dallas Parks, TX - Official Website|url=http://www.dallasparks.org/114/3559/Urban-Forestry|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=Dallasparks.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Outdoor Activities in Dallas Fort Worth|date=November 26, 2019 |url=https://www.visitdallas-fortworth.com/top-outdoor-activities/|access-date=September 16, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref>
The city's parks contain 17 separate lakes, including [[White Rock Lake|White Rock]] and [[Bachman Lake|Bachman]] lakes, spanning a total of {{convert|4400|acre|km2|2}}.  In its 2023 ParkScore ranking, [[The Trust for Public Land]] reported that among the park systems of the 100 most populous U.S. cities, Dallas' park system received a ranking of 43.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/commentary/2023/05/24/dallas-leaps-10-spots-in-coveted-parkscore-best-cities-list-plano-still-tops-in-texas/#:~:text=Dallas%20jumped%2010%20spots%2C%20from,the%20100%20largest%20U.S.%20cities.&text=The%20nonprofit%20Trust%20for%20Public,a%20rigorous%20data%2Ddriven%20analysis.&text=Get%20the%20latest%20breaking%20news%20from%20North%20Texas%20and%20beyond. |title=Dallas leaps 10 spots in coveted ParkScore 'best cities' list. Plano still tops in Texas |work=The Dallas Morning News |last=Grigsby |first=Sharon |date=May 24, 2023 |access-date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> In addition, Dallas is traversed by {{convert|61.6|mi|km|1}} of biking and jogging trails, including the [[Katy Trail of Dallas|Katy Trail]], and is home to 47 community and neighborhood recreation centers, 276 sports fields, 60 swimming pools, 232 playgrounds, 173 basketball courts, 112 volleyball courts, 126 play slabs, 258 neighborhood tennis courts, 258 picnic areas, six 18-hole golf courses, two driving ranges, and 477 athletic fields as of 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasparks.org/Facilities/facilitiesmain.aspx |title=Facilities |publisher=Dallasparks.org |access-date=May 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405161643/https://dallasparks.org/Facilities/facilitiesmain.aspx |archive-date=April 5, 2013 }}</ref>

===Fair Park===
Dallas's flagship park is [[Fair Park]]. Built in 1936 for the [[Texas Centennial Exposition]] [[world's fair]], Fair Park is the world's largest collection of [[Art Deco]] exhibit buildings, art, and sculptures; Fair Park is also home to the [[State Fair of Texas]], the largest state fair in the United States. In November 2019, consultants presented to the public a master plan to revitalize the area.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Simek |first1=Peter |title=Here's a First Look at the New Fair Park Master Plan |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/frontburner/2019/11/heres-a-first-look-at-the-new-fair-park-master-plan/ |website=D Magazine |date=November 21, 2019 |access-date=November 21, 2019}}</ref>

===Klyde Warren Park===
{{multiple images
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Named after Klyde Warren, the young son of billionaire [[Kelcy Warren]], [[Klyde Warren Park]] was built above [[Texas State Highway Spur 366|Woodall Rodgers Freeway]] and connects [[Uptown, Dallas|Uptown]] and Downtown, specifically the Arts District. Klyde Warren Park is home to an [[amphitheater]], jogging trails, a children's park, a dog park, a putting green, [[croquet]], ping pong, chess, an outdoor library, and two restaurants. Food trucks give another option of dining and are lined along the park's Downtown side. There are also weekly planned events, including [[yoga]], [[Zumba]], skyline tours, [[tai chi]], and [[meditation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.klydewarrenpark.org/things-to-do/index.html|title=Things to Do – Klyde Warren Park|website=Klydewarrenpark.org|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref> Klyde Warren Park is home to a free trolley stop on Olive St., which riders can connect to Downtown, McKinney Avenue, and [[West Village, Dallas|West Village]].

=== Turtle Creek Parkway park ===
[[File:Dallas - snow at Turtle Creek.jpg|thumb|[[Turtle Creek, Dallas|Turtle Creek]] Park during a snowfall of winter]]
Built in 1913, Turtle Creek Parkway park is a {{convert|23.7|acre|adj=on}} linear park in between Turtle Creek and Turtle Creek Boulevard in the aptly named [[Turtle Creek, Dallas|Turtle Creek]] neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Turtle Creek Parkway|url = http://www.dallasparks.org/Facilities/Facility/Details/Turtle-Creek-Parkway-686|website = Dallas Parks, TX|access-date = September 25, 2015|archive-date = September 26, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150926082219/http://www.dallasparks.org/Facilities/Facility/Details/Turtle-Creek-Parkway-686|url-status = dead}}</ref> Archaeological surveys discovered dart points and flint chips dating 3,000 years to 1,000 BCE. This site was later discovered to be home to Native Americans who cherished the trees and natural spring water. The park is across Turtle Creek from [[Kalita Humphreys Theater]], designed by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]].

===Lake Cliff Park===
[[File:Lake Cliff Park September 2016 03.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Cliff]] Park]]
Opened on July 4, 1906, Lake Cliff Park was called "the Southwest's Greatest Playground". The park was home to an amusement park, a large pool, waterslides, the world's largest skating rink, and three theaters, the largest being the 2,500-seat Casino Theater. After the streetcar bridge that brought most of the park visitors collapsed, Lake Cliff Park was sold. The Casino Theater moved and the pool was demolished after a polio scare in 1959. The pool was Dallas's first municipal pool.<ref name="lakehighlands.advocatemag.com">{{Cite web|title = Untangling the White Rock area trail system updates: Katy Trail Extension and SoPac – Lake Highlands|date = August 4, 2015|url = http://lakehighlands.advocatemag.com/2015/08/untangling-the-white-rock-area-trail-system-updates-katy-trail-extension-and-sopac/|access-date = September 26, 2015}}</ref>

===Reverchon Park===
In 1935, Dallas purchased {{convert|36|acres|0|abbr=on}} from John Cole's estate to develop [[Reverchon Park]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Neighborhood|url = https://www.turtlecreekassociation.org/neighborhood|website = www.turtlecreekassociation.org|access-date = September 25, 2015}}</ref> Reverchon Park was named after botanist Julien Reverchon, who left France to live in the La Reunion colony, which was founded in the mid-1800s<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keranews.org/post/1800s-french-socialists-came-dallas-and-built-utopia-collapsed-immediately|title=In The 1800s, French Socialists Came To Dallas And Built A Utopia That Collapsed Immediately|last=Kuo|first=Stephanie|website=Keranews.org|date=October 23, 2017|language=en|access-date=May 1, 2019}}</ref> and was situated in present-day West Dallas. Reverchon Park was planned to be the crown jewel of the Dallas park system and was even referred to as the "[[Central Park]]" of Dallas. Improvements were made throughout the years, including the Iris Bowl, picnic settings, a baseball diamond, and tennis courts. The Iris Bowl celebrated many Greek pageants, dances, and other performances. The Gill Well was installed for nearby residents and drew people all across Texas who wanted to experience the water's healing powers.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The History of Reverchon Park & the Iris Bowl {{!}} Arborilogical|url = http://www.arborilogical.com/uncategorized/the-history-of-reverchon-park-and-the-iris-bowl/|website = www.arborilogical.com|access-date = September 26, 2015}}</ref> The baseball diamond was host to a 1953 exhibition game for the [[New York Giants (baseball team)|New York Giants]] and the [[Cleveland Indians season 1936|Cleveland Indians]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Neighborhood|url = https://www.turtlecreekassociation.org/neighborhood|website = www.turtlecreekassociation.org|access-date = September 26, 2015}}</ref>

===Trinity River Project===
[[File:View of the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge, a Santiago Calatrava-designed bridge over the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas LCCN2014632135.tif|thumb|Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the [[Trinity River Project]]]]
As part of the ongoing [[Trinity River Project]], the Great Trinity Forest, at {{convert|6000|acres|km2}}, is the largest urban hardwood forest in the United States and is part of the largest urban park in the United States.<ref name="The Great Trinity Forest-Dallas" /> The Trinity River Audubon Center is a new addition to the park. Opened in 2008, it serves as a gateway to many trails and other nature-viewing activities in the area. The Trinity River Audubon Center is the first LEED-certified building built by the City of Dallas Parks and Recreation Department.

===Katy Trail===
Named after its former railroad name, the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad (or "MKT" Railroad), the {{convert|3.5|mi|adj=on}} stretch of railroad was purchased by the city of Dallas and transformed into the city's premier trail. Stretching from [[Victory Park, Dallas|Victory Park]], the {{convert|30|acre|adj=on}} [[Katy Trail (Dallas)|Katy Trail]] passes through the [[Turtle Creek, Dallas|Turtle Creek]] and Knox Park neighborhoods and runs along the east side of [[Highland Park, Texas|Highland Park]]. The trail ends at [[Central Expressway (Dallas)|Central Expressway]], but extensions are underway to extend the trail to the White Rock Lake Trail in [[Lakewood, Dallas|Lakewood]].<ref name="lakehighlands.advocatemag.com" /> In 2015, the Katy Trail was awarded "Best Public Place" from the [[Urban Land Institute]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/business/2015/03/20/dallas-katy-trail-and-downtown-plano-developments-among-projects-honored/|last=Brown|first=Steve|title=Dallas' Katy Trail and downtown Plano developments among projects honored|work=The Dallas Morning News|date=March 20, 2015|access-date=December 22, 2023}}</ref>

===Preserves===
Dallas hosts three of the twenty-one preserves of the extensive {{convert|3200|acre|km2}} Dallas County Preserve System. The Joppa Preserve, the McCommas Bluff Preserve, and the Cedar Ridge Preserve are within the Dallas city limits. The Cedar Ridge Preserve was known as the Dallas Nature Center, but the Audubon Dallas group now manages the {{convert|633|acre|km2|adj=on}} natural habitat park on behalf of the city of Dallas and Dallas County. The preserve sits at an elevation of {{convert|755|ft|m}} above sea level and offers a variety of outdoor activities, including {{convert|10|mi}} of hiking trails and picnic areas.

===Dallas Zoo===
The city is also home to Texas's first and largest zoo, the {{convert|106|acre|km2|2|adj=on}} [[Dallas Zoo]], which opened at its current location in 1888.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.dallaszoo.com/news/dallas-zoo-among-the-nations-top-10/ | title = Dallas Zoo Among Nation;s Top 10 | date = May 23, 2014 | website = [[Dallas Zoo]] | access-date = May 12, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190512224238/https://www.dallaszoo.com/news/dallas-zoo-among-the-nations-top-10/ | archive-date = May 12, 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.dallaszoo.com/about-us/ | title = About Us | website = [[Dallas Zoo]] | access-date = May 12, 2019}}</ref>

==Government==
===Local representation===
[[File:Flag of Dallas in front of City Hall. - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Flags at City Hall Plaza, Dallas]]
{{Main|Government of Dallas}}
{{See also|Mayor of Dallas}}
[[File:DallasCityHallB.jpg|thumb|[[Dallas City Hall]]]]
[[File:Dallas - Municipal Building 01A.jpg|thumb|Built in 1913, the [[Dallas Municipal Building]] was Dallas's old City Hall facility.]]
[[File:Dallas County Courthouse - Old Red.jpg|thumb|The former [[Dallas County Courthouse (Texas)|Dallas County Courthouse]] houses the [[Old Red Museum]], displaying artifacts from Dallas County history.]]
[[File:President Ronald Reagan Giving His Acceptance Speech at The Republican National Convention in Dallas Texas - DPLA - 9fdcd0b050951535fa48df8b9c632741.jpg|thumb|right|President [[Ronald Reagan]] giving his acceptance speech at the [[Republican National Convention]] in Dallas]]
The city uses a [[council-manager government]], with [[Eric Johnson (Texas politician)|Eric Johnson]] serving as mayor,<ref>{{cite news | url = https://dfw.cbslocal.com/video/4106496-eric-johnson-sworn-in-as-new-mayor-of-dallas/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190617165135/https://dfw.cbslocal.com/video/4106496-eric-johnson-sworn-in-as-new-mayor-of-dallas/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = June 17, 2019 | title = Eric Johnson Sworn In As New Mayor Of Dallas | work = [[KTVT]] | via = cbslocal.com | date = June 17, 2019 | access-date = June 17, 2019 | first = Jack | last = Fink}}</ref> T.C. Broadnax serving as city manager,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Martinez|first1=Krystina|title=New City Manager T.C. Broadnax Says 'It's A Great Time' To Come To Dallas|url=http://keranews.org/post/new-city-manager-tc-broadnax-says-it-s-great-time-come-dallas|access-date=February 24, 2017}}</ref> and 14 council members serving as representatives to the 14 council districts in the city.<ref name="mayor">[http://www.dallascityhall.com/ City of Dallas] – [http://www.dallascityhall.com/government/mayor/mayor.html Mayor] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129171051/http://www.dallascityhall.com/government/mayor/mayor.html |date=January 29, 2008 }}. Retrieved October 16, 2006.</ref><ref name="manager">[http://www.dallascityhall.com/ City of Dallas] – [http://dallascityhall.com/government/CityManager/city_manager_gonzalez.html City Manager] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724171037/http://dallascityhall.com/government/CityManager/city_manager_gonzalez.html |date=July 24, 2013 }}. Retrieved January 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.dallascityhall.com/ City of Dallas] – [http://www.dallascityhall.com/government/government.html Government] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019075417/http://www.dallascityhall.com/government/government.html |date=October 19, 2006 }}. Retrieved October 16, 2006.</ref> This organizational structure was contested by some in favor of a strong-mayor city charter,<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2, 2015|title=Ask John Neely Bryan: Why's the Dallas City Manager Strong While the Mayor Is Weak?|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/frontburner/2015/04/ask-john-neely-bryan-whys-the-dallas-city-manager-strong-while-the-mayor-is-weak/|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=D Magazine|language=en}}</ref> only to be rejected by Dallas voters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2005|title=What's the Matter With Dallas?|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/whats-the-matter-with-dallas/|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=Texas Monthly|language=en}}</ref> In 1969, Anita N. Martínez become the first Latin American to sit as a councilwoman in Dallas's city council.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Villasana|first1=Sol|title=Dallas's Little Mexico|year=2011|publisher=Arcadia|isbn=978-0-7385-7979-5|pages=116}}</ref>

In the 2017–2018 fiscal year, the city's total [[government budget|budget]] (the sum of [[operating budget|operating]] and capital budgets) was $3.3 billion.<ref name="0607budget">[https://www.dallascityhall.com/departments/budget/financialtransparency/AnnualBudget/1819-0-Adopted-Budget.pdf City of Dallas FY18-19 Adopted Budget Overview]. ('''[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]'''). Retrieved February 14, 2019.</ref> The city has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth: the budget was $1.7 billion in 2002–2003,<ref name="0304budget">[http://dallascityhall.org/pdf/FY04AdoptedBudget/Introduction/Introduction.pdf City of Dallas FY03-04 Adopted Budget Overview] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524010506/http://dallascityhall.org/pdf/FY04AdoptedBudget/Introduction/Introduction.pdf |date=May 24, 2006 }}. ('''[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]'''). Retrieved May 9, 2006.</ref> $1.9 billion in 2003–2004,<ref name="0304budget" /> $2.0 billion in 2004–2005,<ref name="0506budget">[http://dallascityhall.org/pdf/FY06AdoptedBudget/Overview/Overview.pdf City of Dallas FY05-06 Adopted Budget Overview] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524010442/http://dallascityhall.org/pdf/FY06AdoptedBudget/Overview/Overview.pdf |date=May 24, 2006 }}. ('''[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]'''). Retrieved May 9, 2006.</ref> and $2.2 billion in 2005–2006.<ref name="0506budget" />

===Federal and state representation===
National and state legislators representing Dallas:
{{Dallas politics}}

The [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas]], which exercises original jurisdiction over 100 counties in North and West Texas, convenes in the [[Earle Cabell Federal Building and Courthouse]] in the [[Government District, Dallas, Texas|Government District]] of [[Downtown Dallas|Downtown]]. The same building additionally houses [[United States Bankruptcy Court|United States Bankruptcy]] and Magistrate Courts and a [[United States Attorney]] office. Dallas also is the seat of the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas.

===Politics===
Since 2023, Dallas has been the largest city in the United States with a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] mayor after Eric Johnson switched parties after [[2023 Dallas mayoral election|winning re-election]]. He ran and was elected as a Democrat.{{Efn|Dallas elects mayors in nonpartisan races, however, mayor [[Eric Johnson (Texas politician)|Eric Johnson]] switched parties to the Republicans after winning re-election in [[2023 Dallas mayoral election|2023]].}} However, the city is normally a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] stronghold, with over 69% of voters supporting [[Joe Biden]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]] and 67% of voters supporting [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]] (excluding write-ins).<ref name="Dallas - Election Results">{{cite web|url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/TX/Dallas/63891/183923/Web01/en/summary.html |title=Dallas – Election Results |publisher=Dallas County Elections |date=November 21, 2016 |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] voters dominate the majority of the city, especially the [[Downtown Dallas|central]] [[Urban area|urban core]] and [[South Dallas|southern]] sectors, with [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] spreading a sliver of suburban neighborhoods in [[North Dallas]]. In the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 U.S. presidential election]], 57% of Dallas voters voted for [[John Kerry]] over [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pages.sbcglobal.net/tom.blackwell/ |title=DemocraticResearch Blog |publisher=Pages.sbcglobal.net |date=July 4, 2001 |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508071804/http://pages.sbcglobal.net/tom.blackwell/ |archive-date=May 8, 2010 }}</ref> Dallas County was closely divided, with 50% of voters voting for Bush and 49% voting for Kerry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/statesub.php?year=2004&fips=48113&f=0&off=0&elect=0 |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections – State Data |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref> Results in the 2008 and 2012 elections favored [[Barack Obama]], with the 44th President receiving 57% of Dallas County voters in both years, with greater margins in the city of Dallas. In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, approximately 66% of Dallas voters voted for [[Hillary Clinton]], with 28% of city voters voting for [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="Dallas - Election Results" /> Dallas County as a whole saw 61% of voters voting for Clinton, with 35% support for Trump.<ref name="Dallas - Election Results" /> In 2004, [[Lupe Valdez]] was elected Dallas County [[Sheriff]]. An open lesbian, Valdez was the only female sheriff in the state of Texas until her resignation. Despite controversies in her handling of county jails, she won re-election in 2008 with a 10-point victory over Republican challenger Lowell Cannaday.<ref>{{Cite news | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/politics/local/stories/DN-dalsheriff_05met.ART.State.Edition2.4a497e1.html | title = Valdez triumphant in bid for 2nd term as Dallas County sheriff | date = November 5, 2008 | access-date = November 5, 2008 | first = Kevin | last = Krause | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091228054810/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/politics/local/stories/DN-dalsheriff_05met.ART.State.Edition2.4a497e1.html | archive-date = December 28, 2009}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"  style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
|+ Dallas city vote<br /> by party in Presidential elections
<ref name="Dallas County Election Results">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dallascountyvotes.org/|title=Dallas County, TX Elections &#124; Elections Information|website=www.dallascountyvotes.org}}</ref><ref name="collincountytx.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|title=Election Results|website=www.collincountytx.gov|access-date=May 20, 2022|archive-date=May 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524214410/https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Denton County Election Results">{{Cite web|url=https://www.votedenton.gov/election-results/|title=Denton County, TX Elections|website=www.votedenton.gov}}</ref>
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! Year
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Third party (United States)|Third Parties]]
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2020 United States presidential election in Texas|2020]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''69.3%''' ''315,166''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|28.4% ''129,086''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|2.2% ''10,351''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2016 United States presidential election in Texas|2016]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''67.2%''' ''247,424''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|28.7% ''105,814''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|4.1% ''15,169''
|}
{| class="wikitable"  style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"
|+ Dallas city vote<br /> by party in Senate elections
<ref name="Dallas County Election Results"/><ref name="collincountytx.gov"/><ref name="Denton County Election Results"/>
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! Year
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Third party (United States)|Third Parties]]
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2020 United States Senate election in Texas|2020]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''65.4%''' ''293,817''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|32.0% ''143,861''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|2.6% ''11,506''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2018 United States Senate election in Texas|2018]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''71.2%''' ''255,236''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|28.1% ''100,633''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.7% ''2,636''
|-
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2014 United States Senate election in Texas|2014]]
|align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''57.9%''' ''107,549''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|42.1% ''78,094''
|align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.0% ''0''
|}
{{Clear}}

==Education==
[[File:Dallas Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Dallas Hall at [[Southern Methodist University]] in [[University Park, Texas]]]]
[[File:Duck Pond, Dallas Baptist University.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dallas Baptist University]]]]
[[File:UTSW Nima Sep 2021 03.jpg|thumb|right|[[UT Southwestern]]]]
[[File:Residence Hall (University of Texas at Dallas).jpg|thumb|right|Residence Hall at the [[University of Texas at Dallas]]]]
[[File:UTAPlanetarium.PNG|thumb|Chemistry & Physics Building with planetarium at [[University of Texas at Arlington|The University of Texas at Arlington]]]] [[File:SB Hall with Braniff Tower.jpg|thumb|SB Hall with Braniff Tower in the background at the [[University of Dallas]]]]
[[File:Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts.jpg|thumb|right|[[Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts]] in the [[Arts District, Dallas|Arts District]]]]
{{Main|Education in Dallas}}
There are 337 public schools, 89 private schools, 38 colleges, and 32 libraries in Dallas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mywikicity.com/wiki/index.php?title=Dallas |title=suva wiki content software at |publisher=Mywikicity.com |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115123404/http://mywikicity.com/wiki/index.php?title=Dallas |archive-date=January 15, 2010 }}</ref> Dallas–Fort Worth is also home to six Nobel Laureates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dallasinnovates.com/dallas-fort-worth-is-home-to-six-nobel-laureates/|title = Dallas–Fort Worth Is Home to Six Nobel Laureates|date = December 22, 2015 |first1=Patrick |last1=Kobler |website=Dallas Innovates }}</ref>

===Colleges and universities===
{{further|List of colleges and universities in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex}}
The Dallas area has a high number of colleges and universities. In addition to those in the city, the surrounding cities also have a number of universities, colleges, trade schools, and other educational institutions. The following describes the universities and their proximity to the city:

The [[Texas Legislature]] defines all areas in Dallas County and in the [[Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District]] as being in the service area of [[Dallas College]] (formerly Dallas County Community School District or DCCCD). Areas in Collin County are assigned to [[Collin College]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.130.htm|title=Education Code Chapter 130. Junior College Districts|website= Texas Constitution and Statutes }}</ref>

====Colleges and universities within Dallas city limits====
*[[UT Southwestern Medical Center]] ("UTSW") is a prominent academic medical center north of downtown Dallas in the [[Southwestern Medical District]], ranked in the top 30 nationally by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' every year (in both ''Research'' and ''Clinical'' categories).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/university-of-texas-southwestern-medical-center-at-dallas-04116 |title=University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center |website=U.S. News & World Report }}</ref> Six Nobel laureates have been among its faculty,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://utswmed.org/legacy-research-discovery/nobel-prizes/|title=Nobel Prizes &#124; A Legacy of Research & Discovery |website= UT Southwestern Medical Center}}</ref> and UTSW was ranked #1 in the world among healthcare institutions in biomedical sciences by ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2019-biomedical-sciences/tables/healthcare|work=Nature Index 2019 Biomedical Sciences |publisher=Nature Index|title=Top 200 healthcare institutions in biomedical sciences }}</ref> The main teaching hospital of the university also ranks among the top 3 hospitals in the state of Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/tx|title=Best Hospitals in Texas|website=U.S. News Best Hospitals |access-date=October 19, 2020}}</ref> UTSW is part of the [[University of Texas System]].
*[[Texas Woman's University]] has operated a nursing school in Dallas at [[Parkland Memorial Hospital]] since 1966. The T. Boone Pickens Institute of Health Sciences-Dallas Center (IHSD) was opened in 2011 and is a purpose-built educational facility that replaced the building TWU had used since 1966. TWU also operated an occupational therapy school at [[Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas]] from 1977 through 2011 before consolidating those functions into the new IHSD building at Parkland.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.twu.edu/administration/brief-history.asp |title=Brief History of TWU |website=Texas Woman's University |date=Mar 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329232145/http://www.twu.edu/administration/brief-history.asp |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=April 3, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Paul Quinn College]] is a private, historically [[Black (people)|black]] college in southeast Dallas. Originally located in [[Waco, Texas]], it moved to Dallas in 1990 and is housed on the campus of the former [[Bishop College]], another private, historically black college. Dallas billionaire and entrepreneur [[Comer Cottrell|Comer Cottrell Jr.]], founder of ProLine Corporation, bought the campus of Bishop College and bequeathed it to Paul Quinn College in 1990 making it the only historically black college in the Dallas area.<ref>[http://www.thehistorymakers.com/ The History Makers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702144743/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/ |date=July 2, 2010 }} – [http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=942&category=styleMakers Comer Cottrell, Jr.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910001529/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=942&category=styleMakers |date=September 10, 2006 }}. Retrieved October 18, 2006.</ref>
* The [[University of North Texas at Dallas]] is along Houston School Road.<ref name="untdallas">[http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/ University of North Texas Dallas Campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412175820/http://dallas.unt.edu/ |date=April 12, 2012 }}. [http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/newcampus/index.htm New Campus]. Retrieved October 4, 2006. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815223825/http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/ |date=August 15, 2000 }}</ref> In 2009 UNT at Dallas became the first public university within Dallas city limits.<ref name="untdtemp">[http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/ University of North Texas Dallas Campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412175820/http://dallas.unt.edu/ |date=April 12, 2012 }} – [http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/location.htm Location]. Retrieved October 4, 2006. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815223825/http://www.unt.edu/unt-dallas/ |date=August 15, 2000 }}</ref> The [[University of North Texas System]] requested approval from the Texas Legislature and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board for the state's first new public law school in more than 40 years. The [[University of North Texas at Dallas College of Law]] was planned to be based at the Old Municipal Building in Downtown Dallas.<ref>{{Cite news | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/education/stories/041609dnmetlawschool.3a25c13.html | first = Terrence | last = Stutz | location = Austin | date = April 16, 2009 | access-date = April 24, 2009 | url-status = dead | title = Bill creating University of North Texas law school in Dallas goes to state House | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090418114030/https://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/education/stories/041609dnmetlawschool.3a25c13.html | archive-date = April 18, 2009}}</ref>
*[[Dallas Baptist University]] is a private, coeducational university in the Mountain Creek area of southwest Dallas. Originally in [[Decatur, Texas]], the school moved to Dallas in 1965.<ref>[http://www.dbu.edu/ Dallas Baptist University] – [http://www.dbu.edu/about/history.asp History]. Retrieved October 18, 2006.</ref> The school enrolls over 5,600 students,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbu.edu/|title=Christian University, Christian College, Undergraduate Degree Online|website=Dbu.edu|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref> and offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees. Popular subjects include Biblical studies, business, and music degrees. DBU has been recognized by the National Council on Teacher Quality for their high-quality teacher preparatory degrees.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://educationblog.dallasnews.com/2013/06/dallas-baptist-university-earns-high-marks-for-teacher-prep-program-texas-tech-criticized.html/ | title = Dallas Baptist University earns high marks for teacher prep program, Texas Tech criticized | date = June 18, 2013 | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | first = Eva-Marie | last = Ayala | via = Educationblog.dallasnews.com | access-date = August 27, 2017 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130718110843/http://educationblog.dallasnews.com/2013/06/dallas-baptist-university-earns-high-marks-for-teacher-prep-program-texas-tech-criticized.html/ | archive-date = July 18, 2013}}</ref> The school also maintains an Intensive English Program for international students wishing to enhance their knowledge of the English language. The campus is a [[Arbor Day Foundation|Tree Campus USA]] and is recognized as one of the most beautiful university campuses in the Southwest U.S.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.dallasnews.com/lifestyles/home-and-gardening/headlines/20121031-dallas-baptist-campus-is-recognized-as-a-botanical-beauty.ece | title = Dallas Baptist campus is recognized as a botanical beauty | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | date = October 31, 2012 | first = Todd W. | last = Davis | access-date = August 27, 2017 | archive-date = April 30, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160430134411/http://www.dallasnews.com/lifestyles/home-and-gardening/headlines/20121031-dallas-baptist-campus-is-recognized-as-a-botanical-beauty.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref> The school has also become nationally recognized for its baseball team which has made several playoff runs.
*[[Dallas Theological Seminary]], also within the city limits, is recognized as one of the leading seminaries in [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Protestantism]]. Situated {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} east of Downtown Dallas, it has over 2,000 graduate students and has graduated over 12,000 alumni.
*[[Criswell College]] is within two blocks of Dallas Theological Seminary. Criswell was started by First Baptist Church of Dallas in the early 1970s.
*[[Dallas County Community College District|Dallas College (formerly Dallas County Community College District)]], the 2-year educational institution of Dallas County, has seven campuses throughout the area with branches in Dallas as well as the surrounding suburbs.

====Colleges and universities within Dallas County====
*[[Southern Methodist University]] is a [[private university|private]], [[mixed-sex education|coeducational]] university in [[University Park, Texas|University Park]], an independent city that, together with the adjacent town of Highland Park, Dallas surrounds entirely. SMU was founded in 1911 by the [[Methodist Episcopal Church, South|Southern Methodist Church]], and is now run by [[R. Gerald Turner]]. According to sources such as the ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', SMU is the best overall undergraduate college in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and the third best in the State of Texas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Southern Methodist University|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/smu-3613|website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref>
*[[University of Texas at Dallas|The University of Texas at Dallas]] is a part of the [[University of Texas System]]. It is in the city of [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]], about {{convert|15|mi}} north of [[Downtown Dallas]]. It is in the heart of the [[Telecom Corridor]]. UT Dallas is an [[List of research universities in the United States|R1 or Tier-1 University]], classified by the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education as a doctoral-granting university with the highest research activity (it is among 115 universities in the U.S. with this classification). UTD was ranked #3 (2013, 2015), #1 (2017), and #2 (2019) in the United States in the [[Times Higher Education]] "Young University Rankings" of the best universities that are 50 years old or younger.<ref>
* {{Cite web | url = https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2013/young-university-rankings#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats | title = Young University Rankings 2013 | date = 2013 | website = [[Times Higher Education]] | access-date = July 11, 2019}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2015/young-university-rankings#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats | title = Young University Rankings 2015 | date = 2015 | website = [[Times Higher Education]] | access-date = July 11, 2019}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/young-university-rankings#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats | title = Young University Rankings 2017 | date = 2017 | website = [[Times Higher Education]] | access-date = July 11, 2019}}
* {{Cite web | url = https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/young-university-rankings#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats | date = 2019 | title = Young University Rankings 2019 | website = [[Times Higher Education]] | access-date = July 11, 2019}}</ref> The university has many collaborative research relationships with [[UT Southwestern Medical Center]].
*[[University of Dallas|The University of Dallas]], in the suburb of [[Irving, Texas|Irving]], is an enclave of Roman Catholicism in the majority Protestant religious landscape of Dallas–Fort Worth. St. Albert the Great Dominican Priory and [[Holy Trinity Seminary]] are on campus, while the [[Cistercian]] Monastery and Cistercian Preparatory School are just north of the UD campus across [[Texas State Highway 114]]. [[The Highlands School]], a PK–12 [[Legionaries of Christ|Legionary]] school, is just west of the UD campus and connects to campus by jogging trails. As a center for religious study, the Cistercian Monastery continues to be notable for scholastic developments in theology.
* Located in Downtown Dallas, [[El Centro College]] is the flagship institution of the [[Dallas County Community College District]]. El Centro first opened its campus doors in 1966 and now enrolls over 10,000 students. El Centro was the first college of the DCCCD to offer a nursing program and has established relationships with several top-notch hospitals in the Dallas area. The college is also the only campus within DCCCD that offers a Food & Hospitality Program as well as renowned programs in fashion design and fashion marketing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcentrocollege.edu/about/|title=About El Centro|work=El Centro College}}</ref>

====University Research Center====
*[[Texas A&M AgriLife|Texas A&M-Dallas Research and Extension Center]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://urbansolutionscenter.tamu.edu/ |title=TAMU-Dallas |publisher=Urbansolutionscenter.tamu.edu |access-date=May 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525024554/http://urbansolutionscenter.tamu.edu/ |archive-date=May 25, 2011 }}</ref>

====Other area colleges and universities====
{{div col}}
*[[University of Texas at Arlington|The University of Texas at Arlington]]
*[[University of North Texas|The University of North Texas]] in [[Denton, Texas|Denton]]
*[[Texas Woman's University]] in Denton
*[[Tarleton State University]] in Fort Worth
*[[University of Phoenix]] in Dallas, Irving, Plano, Arlington, [[Hurst, Texas|Hurst]], and [[Cedar Hill, Texas|Cedar Hill]]
*[[Dallas Christian College]] in [[Farmers Branch, Texas|Farmers Branch]]
*[[Arlington Baptist College]] 
*[[Collin College]] in Collin County
*[[Remington College]] in Garland
*[[Remington College]] in Fort Worth
*[[Texas Christian University]]
*[[Texas Wesleyan University]]
*[[University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth]]
*[[Austin College]] in [[Sherman, Texas|Sherman]]
*[[Texas A&M University–Commerce]]
*[[Southwestern Assemblies of God University]] in nearby [[Waxahachie, Texas|Waxahachie]]
*[[Navarro College]] in [[Corsicana, Texas|Corsicana]]
*[[Tarrant County College]] in [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County]]
{{div col end}}

===Primary and secondary schools===

Most people in the city of Dallas are within the [[Dallas Independent School District]], the 12th-largest school district in the United States and second largest in Texas.<ref name="insidedisd">[http://www.dallasisd.org/ DallasISD.org] – [http://www.dallasisd.org/inside_disd/ Inside DISD] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510020735/http://www.dallasisd.org/inside_disd/ |date=May 10, 2006 }}. Retrieved May 1, 2006.</ref> The school district operates independently of the city and enrolls over 161,000 students.<ref name="insidedisd" /> As of 2003 DISD has the majority of K–12 students in the city of Dallas, and a proportionately larger number of students who are not [[non-Hispanic White|non-Hispanic white]].<ref name="Hansonp82">Hanson, Royce. ''Civic Culture and Urban Change: Governing Dallas''. [[Wayne State University Press]], April 1, 2003. {{ISBN|0814337473}}, 9780814337479. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yP7oQYjzE4MC&pg=PA82 82].</ref> One of the district's [[magnet school]]s, the [[School for the Talented and Gifted]] in Oak Cliff, is consistently named the best public school in the United States by ''[[Newsweek]]'', retaining the title for five consecutive years (2012–2016).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tagmagnet.org/recognition/|title=Recognition – TAG Magnet School for the Talented and Gifted}}</ref> Another one of DISD's schools, the [[Science and Engineering Magnet]], consistently ranks in the top 10 in the same publication.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/national-rankings|title=Best U.S. High Schools|date=2018|website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref><ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12532678/sit Newsweek America's Best High Schools – MSNBC.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616141947/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12532678/sit |date=June 16, 2006 }}. Retrieved May 1, 2006.</ref> Other Dallas high schools named to the list were [[Hillcrest High School (Dallas)|Hillcrest]], [[W. T. White High School|W. T. White]], Williams Preparatory, and [[Woodrow Wilson High School (Dallas)|Woodrow Wilson]] high schools. In 2015, Woodrow Wilson was also named the top comprehensive high school in Dallas by local publication ''[[D Magazine]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=D Magazine Names Woodrow Wilson Top High School and Feeder Pattern in North Texas|url=https://lakewood.bubblelife.com/community/lakewood_reporter/library/3560722/key/351436782/D_Magazine_Names_Woodrow_Wilson_Top_High_School_and_Feeder_Pattern_in_North_Texas|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Lakewood BubbleLife The Online Home for Lakewood}}</ref>

A few areas of Dallas also extend into other school districts, including [[Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District|Carrollton-Farmers Branch]], [[Coppell Independent School District|Coppell]], [[Duncanville Independent School District|Duncanville]], [[Garland Independent School District|Garland]],<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20050207025142/http://www.garlandisd.net/district/contact.asp Contact]". [[Garland Independent School District]]. February 7, 2005. Retrieved on August 24, 2009.</ref> [[Highland Park Independent School District|Highland Park]], [[Mesquite Independent School District|Mesquite]], [[Plano Independent School District|Plano]], and [[Richardson Independent School District|Richardson]]. The Plano and Richardson school districts<!--Hanson p. 82 lists Wilmer-Hutchins but that district is gone--> have the largest numbers of public school students in Dallas who are not in Dallas ISD.<ref name="Hansonp82" /> The [[Wilmer-Hutchins Independent School District]] once served portions of southern Dallas, but it was shut down for the 2005–2006 year. WHISD students started attending other Dallas ISD schools during that time. Following the close, the [[Texas Education Agency]] consolidated WHISD into Dallas ISD.

Many school districts in [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]], including Dallas ISD, were formerly served by a governmental agency called [[Dallas County Schools]]. The system provided busing and other transportation services, access to a massive media library, technology services, strong ties to local organizations for education/community integration, and staff development programs.<ref>[http://www.dcschools.com/info/ServeYou.asp?City=Dallas Dallas Count Schools ISD] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927161605/http://www.dcschools.com/info/ServeYou.asp?City=Dallas |date=September 27, 2007 }} . Retrieved May 29, 2006.</ref>

====Private schools====
<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
Students from Dallas attend many private schools in Dallas, and in nearby areas. These schools include:

{{div col}}
*[[Alcuin School]]
*[[Bishop Dunne Catholic School]]
*[[Bishop Lynch High School]]
*[[Greenhill School (Addison, Texas)|Greenhill School]] in nearby [[Addison, Texas|Addison]]
*[[Episcopal School of Dallas]]
*[[First Baptist Academy of Dallas]]
*[[The Hockaday School]]
*[[Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas]]
*[[June Shelton School]]
*[[Lakehill Preparatory School]]
*[[The Lamplighter School]]
*[[Parish Episcopal School]] in nearby [[Farmers Branch]]
*[[St. Mark's School of Texas]]
*[[Trinity Christian Academy (Addison, Texas)|Trinity Christian Academy]] in nearby [[Addison, Texas|Addison]]
*[[Ursuline Academy of Dallas]]
*[[The Winston School]]
{{div col end}}

==Media==
[[File:Facade of Dallas Morning News office in Dallas.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of ''The Dallas Morning News'']]
[[File:WFAAalternatestudiosatVictoryPark2.jpg|thumb|right|Satellite studio of WFAA]]
{{See also|Newspapers of Dallas, Texas|List of radio stations in Texas|List of television stations in Texas#Dallas/Fort Worth|List of movies set in Dallas, Texas|List of television shows set in Dallas}}

Dallas has several local newspapers, magazines, television stations and radio stations that serve the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, which is the fifth-largest [[media market]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm001050.asp |title=Fall 2006 Market Ratings |publisher=Arbitron.com |access-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref> Dallas has one major daily newspaper, ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'', which was founded in 1885 by [[A. H. Belo]] and is A. H. Belo's flagship newspaper.

The ''[[Dallas Times Herald]]'', started in 1888, was the ''Morning News''' major competitor until Belo purchased it on December 8, 1991, and closed the paper down the next day. Other daily newspapers are ''[[Al Día (Dallas)|Al Día]]'', a Spanish-language paper published by Belo, and a number of ethnic newspapers printed in languages such as [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Korean language|Korean]], and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]].

Other publications include the ''Dallas Weekly'' and the ''Elite News'', all weekly news publications. The ''[[Dallas Observer]]'' and the ''North Texas Journal'' are also alternative weekly newspapers. ''The Dallas Morning News'' formerly had a weekly publication, ''[[Neighborsgo]]'', which came out every Friday and focused on community news. Readers could post stories and contribute content to the website.

''[[D Magazine]]'' is a notable monthly magazine about business, life, and entertainment in Dallas–Fort Worth. Local visitor magazines include "WHERE Magazine" and "Travelhost"–available at hotel desks or in guest rooms. In addition, the park cities and suburbs such as Plano also have their own community newspapers. Also, ''THE Magazine'' covers the contemporary arts scene.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE Magazine DFW|url=https://artandseek.org/calendar/organization/2284/the-magazine-dfw|access-date=September 16, 2020|website=artandseek.org}}</ref>

In terms of the larger metro area, the ''[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]'' is another major daily newspaper, covering [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]'s metropolitan division. It also publishes a major Spanish-language newspaper for the entire metro area known as ''La Estrella''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La Estrella|url=https://www.star-telegram.com/la-estrella/|website=Fort Worth Star-Telegram}}</ref> To the north of Dallas and Fort Worth, the ''[[Denton Record-Chronicle]]'' primarily covers news for the [[Denton, Texas|city of Denton]] and [[Denton County]].

Area television stations affiliated with the major broadcasting networks (network [[Owned-and-operated station|O&O's]] highlighted in '''bold''') include '''[[KDFW|KDFW 4]]''' ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]), '''[[KXAS-TV|KXAS 5]]''' ([[NBC]]), [[WFAA-TV|WFAA 8]] ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]) (which for many years was owned by [[Belo Corporation|Belo]] alongside the ''Morning News''), '''[[KTVT|KTVT 11]]''' ([[CBS]]), [[KERA-TV|KERA 13]] ([[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]), '''[[KUVN-TV|KUVN 23]]''' ([[Univisión|UNI]]), '''[[KDFI|KDFI 27]]''' ([[My Network TV|MNTV]]), '''[[KDAF|KDAF 33]]''' ([[The CW]]), and '''[[KXTX-TV|KXTX 39]]''' ([[Telemundo|TMD]]). [[KTXA|KTXA-21]] is an [[independent station]] formerly affiliated with the now-defunct [[UPN]] network.

Over 101 radio stations operate within range of Dallas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio stations within Dallas, Texas|url=http://www.radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&city=dallas&state=tx&x=17&y=5|access-date=May 11, 2013|publisher=Radio-locator.com}}</ref> The city of Dallas operates [[WRR (FM)|WRR]] 101.1 FM, the area's main classical music station, from city offices in [[Fair Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallascityhall.com/FairParkNews/FPStory5.html |title=Dallas' Fair Park Newsletter |publisher=Dallascityhall.com |access-date=May 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121045254/http://www.dallascityhall.com/FairParkNews/FPStory5.html |archive-date=January 21, 2013 }}</ref> Its original sister station, licensed as [[WRR (AM)|WRR-AM]] in 1921, is the oldest commercially operated radio station in Texas and the second-oldest in the United States, after [[KDKA (AM)]] in Pittsburgh.<ref>[http://www.wrr101.com/about.shtml WRR Classical 101.1 FM: The First Radio Station In Texas, est. 1921 – About WRR]. Retrieved on May 9, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704131443/http://www.wrr101.com/about.shtml |date=July 4, 2008 }}</ref>

Because of the city's central geographical position and lack of nearby mountainous terrain, high-power [[List of broadcast station classes#AM|class A]] [[medium-wave]] stations [[KRLD (AM)|KRLD]] and [[WBAP (AM)|WBAP]] can broadcast as far as southern Canada at night and can be used for emergency messages when broadcasting is down in other major metropolitan areas in the United States.

[[Slavic Voice of America]] media group serves Russian-speaking Americans out of Dallas. Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation (HBC), the largest company in the Spanish-language radio station business, is based in Dallas.<ref>[http://www.emailwire.com/ Emailwire.com] – "[http://www.emailwire.com/cgi-bin/news/db.cgi?db=ads&uid=default&ID=3355&C1=Radio&view_records=1&full_view=1 Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation Announces Renan Almendarez Coello, El Cucuy De La Mañana, 'is Taking His Career to New Heights'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927095448/http://www.emailwire.com/cgi-bin/news/db.cgi?db=ads&uid=default&ID=3355&C1=Radio&view_records=1&full_view=1 |date=September 27, 2007 }}".</ref> In 2003, HBC was acquired by Univision and became Univision Radio Inc., but the radio company remains headquartered in the city.<ref>[http://www.business.com/ Business.com] – [http://www.business.com/directory/media_and_entertainment/radio/hispanic_broadcasting_corporation/index.asp Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation]. Retrieved on October 19, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824222151/http://www.business.com/ |date=August 24, 2015 }}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Public safety===
[[File:Dallas Police Department Headquarters.jpg|thumb|The [[Dallas Police Department|Dallas Police]] headquarters in the [[Cedars, Dallas, Texas|Cedars]] neighborhood]]
The [[Dallas Police Department]] provides most policing in Dallas. The Dallas chief of police is Eddie Garcia.<ref name="dmn109429">{{cite web|url=http://www.dallaspolice.net/abouts/biography|title=About – Biography|website=Dallaspolice.net}}</ref> The police headquarters are in the Cedars neighborhood of southern Dallas.

Fire protection and [[emergency medical services]] in the city are provided by the [[Dallas Fire-Rescue Department]]. The Dallas Fire & Rescue chief is Dominique Artis.<ref name="dallasgovernment">{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasfirerescue.com/leadership_chief.html|title=City of Dallas: Dallas Fire-Rescue Department|website=Dallasfirerescue.com|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref> The department operates the Dallas Firefighter's Museum built in 1907 along Parry Avenue near Fair Park. Dallas's oldest remaining fire station building still stands at the corner of McKinney Ave. and Leonard and was built in 1892. It was the home of Engine Co. Number 1, and is now a picture framing shop.

===Health care===
[[File:Parkland Nima 1.jpg|thumb|left|Parkland Memorial Hospital]]
Dallas has many hospitals and several medical research facilities within its city limits. One major research center is the Dallas Medical District with the [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center|UT Southwestern Medical Center]] in the [[Stemmons Corridor]], along with the affiliated [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical School|UT Southwestern Medical School]]. The health care complex includes within its bounds [[Parkland Memorial Hospital]], [[Children's Medical Center (Dallas)|Children's Medical Center]], [[William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital]] (formerly St. Paul University Hospital), and the [[William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital]].

Dallas also has a [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|VA]] hospital in the southern portion of the city, the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The center is home to a [[Consolidated Mail Outpatient Pharmacy]] (CMOP), part of an initiative by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide mail-order prescriptions to veterans using computerization at strategic locations throughout the United States.

Other hospitals in the city include [[Baylor University Medical Center]] in [[East Dallas]], Methodist Dallas Medical Center in Oak Cliff, Methodist Charlton Medical Center near [[Duncanville, Texas|Duncanville]], [[Medical City Dallas Hospital]] and [[Presbyterian Hospital (Dallas)|Presbyterian Hospital]] in [[North Dallas]], and the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children in Oak Lawn.

=== Utilities ===
Dallas is served by [[Dallas Water Utilities]], which operates several waste treatment plants and pulls water from several area reservoirs.<ref>[http://www.dallascityhall.com/dwu/water_utilities.html Dallas Water Utilities] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107201042/http://www.dallascityhall.com/dwu/water_utilities.html |date=November 7, 2006 }} – [http://www.dallascityhall.com/dwu/water_utilities_functions.html Functions] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108032109/http://www.dallascityhall.com/dwu/water_utilities_functions.html |date=January 8, 2007 }}. Retrieved October 15, 2006.</ref> Several companies maintain the city's electric system, including [[Stream Energy]], Cirro Energy and [[Oncor Electric Delivery]],<ref>[http://www.txuelectricdelivery.com/ TXU Electric Delivery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811012442/http://www.txuelectricdelivery.com/ |date=August 11, 2015 }} – [http://www.txuelectricdelivery.com/electricity/territory/default.asp Service Territory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811012442/http://www.txuelectricdelivery.com/ |date=August 11, 2015 }}. Retrieved October 14, 2006.</ref> whose parent company, [[Energy Future Holdings Corporation]], has headquarters in the city.<ref>[http://www.txucorp.com/ Energy Future Holdings Corporation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111211739/http://www.txucorp.com/ |date=November 11, 2006 }} – [http://www.txucorp.com/contact/default.aspx Contact Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111212036/http://www.txucorp.com/contact/default.aspx |date=November 11, 2006 }}. Retrieved October 14, 2006.</ref>

The city offers garbage pickup and recycling service weekly through its Sanitation Services department.<ref>[http://www.dallascityhall.com/html/faq_s.html City of Dallas Sanitation Services FAQ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019080551/http://www.dallascityhall.com/html/faq_s.html |date=October 19, 2006 }} . Retrieved October 14, 2006.</ref> Telephone networks, broadband internet, and cable television service are available from several companies, including [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]], [[Time Warner Cable]], and [[Verizon FiOS]].

== Transportation ==
[[File:High Five.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=High Five Interchange in Dallas|The [[Central Expressway (Dallas)|Central Expressway]] and I-635 interchange, commonly known as the [[High Five Interchange]]]]
{{Main|Transportation in Dallas}}

Like many other major cities in the United States, the automobile is the primary mode of local transportation, though efforts have been made to increase the availability of alternative modes of transportation, including the construction of light rail lines, biking and walking paths, wide sidewalks, a trolley system, and buses. [[Walk Score]] ranked Dallas the twenty-third most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/|title=2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings |publisher=Walk Score |year=2011 |access-date=August 28, 2011}}</ref>

In 2009, 78.5% of Dallas (city) commuters drive to work alone. The 2009 [[modal share|mode share]] for Dallas (city) commuters are 10.7% for carpooling, 3.9% for transit, 1.9% for walking, and .1% for cycling.<ref>{{cite web|author=Yonah Freemark|url=https://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/10/13/transit-mode-share-trends-looking-steady-rail-appears-to-encourage-non-automobile-commutes/|access-date=October 31, 2017|date= October 13, 2010|title=Transit Mode Share Trends Looking Steady; Rail Appears to Encourage Non-Automobile Commutes|website=Transport Politic}}</ref> In 2015, the American Community Survey estimated modal shares for Dallas (city) commuters of 75.4% for driving alone, 12.8% for carpooling, 3.5% for riding transit, 1.9% for walking, and .2% for cycling.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|series=American Fact Finder|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=October 31, 2017|title=2015 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates: Commuting Characteristics by Sex}}</ref>

The city of Dallas has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 10.2 percent of Dallas households lacked a car, and decreased to 9.1 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Dallas averaged 1.59 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map|journal=Governing|date=December 9, 2014|url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html|access-date=May 4, 2018}}</ref>

===Highways===
Dallas is at the confluence of four major [[interstate highway system|interstate highways]]—Interstates [[Interstate 20 (Texas)|20]], [[Interstate 30 (Texas)|30]], [[Interstate 35E (Texas)|35E]], and [[Interstate 45 (Texas)|45]]. The Dallas area freeway system is set up in the popular [[Spoke-hub distribution paradigm|hub-and-spoke]] system, shaped much like a wagon wheel. Starting from the center of the city, a small freeway loop surrounds Downtown, followed by the [[Interstate 635 (Texas)|Interstate 635]] loop about {{convert|10|mi|0}} outside Downtown, and ultimately the tolled [[President George Bush Turnpike]].

Inside these freeway loops are other [[boulevard]]- and [[parkway]]-style loops, including [[Texas State Highway Loop 12|Loop 12]] and [[Belt Line Road (Texas)|Belt Line Road]]. Another beltway around the city upwards of {{convert|45|mi|km|0}} from Downtown is under plan in Collin County.

Radiating out of Downtown Dallas's freeway loop are the spokes of the area's highway system—Interstates 30, 35E, and 45, [[U.S. Highway 75 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 75]], [[U.S. Route 77 in Texas|U.S. Highway 77]], [[U.S. Highway 175 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 175]], [[Texas State Highway Spur 366|State Spur 366]], the [[Dallas North Tollway]], [[Texas State Highway 114|State Highway 114]], [[U.S. Route 80 in Texas|U.S. Highway 80]], and [[U.S. Highway 67 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 67]]. Other major highways around the city include [[Texas State Highway 183|State Highway 183]] and [[Texas State Highway Spur 408|State Spur 408]].

The recently completed interchange at the intersection of Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway ([[Interstate 635 (Texas)|Interstate 635]]) and [[Central Expressway (Dallas)|Central Expressway]] (U.S. Highway 75) has five stacks and is aptly called the [[High Five Interchange]]. It is one of the few five-level interchanges in Dallas and is one of the largest freeway interchanges in the United States.

The following is a list of the freeways and tollways in the Dallas and Fort Worth area:
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[File:I-20 (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 20 (Texas)|Interstate 20]]'''
* [[File:I-30 (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 30 (Texas)|Interstate 30]]'''
* [[File:I-35E (TX).svg|25px]] '''[[Interstate 35E (Texas)|Interstate 35E]]'''
* [[File:I-35W (TX).svg|25px]] '''[[Interstate 35W (Texas)|Interstate 35W]]'''
* [[File:I-45 (TX).svg|20px]] '''[[Interstate 45]]'''
* [[File:I-635 (TX).svg|25px]] '''[[Interstate 635 (Texas)|Interstate 635]]'''
* [[File:I-820 (TX).svg|25px]] '''[[Interstate 820 (Texas)|Interstate 820]]'''
* [[File:US 67.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Route 67 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 67]]'''
* [[File:US 75.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Route 75 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 75]]'''
* [[File:US 77.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Route 77 in Texas|U.S. Highway 77]]'''
* [[File:US 80.svg|20px]] '''[[U.S. Route 80 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 80]]'''
* [[File:US 175.svg|25px]] '''[[U.S. Route 175|U.S. Highway 175]]'''
* [[File:US 287.svg|25px]] '''[[U.S. Route 287 (Texas)|U.S. Highway 287]]'''
* [[File:Texas 114.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 114|State Highway 114]]'''
* [[File:Texas 121.svg|20px]] [[File:Toll Texas 121.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 121|State Highway 121]]'''
* [[File:Texas 161.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 161|State Highway 161]]'''
* [[File:Texas 183.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 183|State Highway 183]]'''
* [[File:Texas 190.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 190|State Highway 190]]'''
* [[File:Texas 360.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway 360|State Highway 360]]'''
* [[File:Texas Loop 12.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway Loop 12|Loop 12]]'''
* [[File:Texas Spur 366.svg|20px]] '''[[State Highway Spur 366 (Texas)|Spur 366]]'''
* [[File:Texas Spur 408.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway Spur 408|Spur 408]]'''
* [[File:Texas Spur 482.svg|20px]] '''[[Texas State Highway Spur 482|Spur 482]]'''
* [[File:Toll Texas DNT new.svg|20px]] '''[[Dallas North Tollway]]'''
* [[File:Toll Texas PGBT new.svg|20px]] '''[[President George Bush Turnpike]]'''
* [[File:Toll Texas SRT new.svg|20px]] '''[[Sam Rayburn Tollway]]'''
* [[File:Toll Texas CTP new.svg|20px]] '''[[Chisholm Trail Parkway]]'''
{{div col end}}

===Airports===
[[File:DFWAirportOverview.jpg|thumb|In 2020, [[Dallas Fort Worth International Airport]] was the busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cntraveler.com/story/how-dallas-forth-worth-became-the-busiest-airport-in-the-world|title=The Pandemic Has Made This Airport the World's Busiest|date=July 30, 2020|website=Condé Nast Traveler}}</ref>]]
Two commercial airports serve Dallas: [[Dallas Fort Worth International Airport]] and [[Dallas Love Field]]. In addition, [[Dallas Executive Airport]] (formerly Redbird Airport), serves as a [[general aviation]] airport for the city, and [[Addison Airport]] functions similarly just outside the city limits in the suburb of Addison. Two more general aviation airports are about {{convert|35|mi|0}} north of Dallas in [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]], and another two are in [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], on the west side of the Metroplex. [[Fort Worth Alliance Airport|Alliance Airport]], in far North Fort Worth, is a cargo reliever airport to DFW and general aviation facility.

DFW International Airport is in the suburbs slightly north of and equidistant to Downtown Fort Worth and Downtown Dallas. In terms of size, DFW International is the largest airport in the state, the second largest in the United States, and ninth largest in the world; DFW International Airport is larger than the island of [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DIA is the second biggest airport in the world, and that means it's bigger than Manhattan|url=https://www.9news.com/article/travel/denver-international-airport/how-big-is-dia-denver-airport/73-01b2cee0-03c4-4317-9e55-dd0537cf2239|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=KUSA.com|date=February 21, 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In terms of traffic, DFW International is the [[List of airports in Texas#Busiest Texan airports|busiest airport in the state]], [[List of the busiest airports in the United States|fourth-busiest in the United States]], and [[List of the busiest airports|eleventh-busiest in the world]]. The headquarters of [[American Airlines]], the largest air carrier in the world ahead of [[United Airlines]] and [[Delta Air Lines]], is less than {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} from DFW International within Fort Worth's city limits. Similarly, Love Field is within Dallas's city limits, about {{convert|6|mi|0}} northwest of Downtown, and is headquarters to [[Southwest Airlines]], the largest domestic airline in the United States.

===Transit systems===
[[File:Dallas Area Rapid Transit New Flyer Xcelsior (50981556156).jpg|thumb|[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]]]
[[File:Transit Station (49328548206).jpg|thumb|[[DFW Skylink]]]]
[[File:TEXRail DFW Airport Terminal B Nov 2019 2.jpg|thumb|[[TEXRail]]]]
[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] (DART) is the Dallas-area public transportation authority that provides rail, buses and [[HOV]] lanes to commuters. DART began operating the first [[light rail]] system in Texas in 1996, and it is now the largest operator of light rail in the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irvingblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2010/12/dart-becomes-nations-largest-l.html |title=DART becomes nation's largest light rail system today &#124; Irving Blog |publisher=Irvingblog.dallasnews.com |date=December 6, 2010 |access-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323110609/http://irvingblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2010/12/dart-becomes-nations-largest-l.html |archive-date=March 23, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Today, the system is the [[List of United States light rail systems by ridership|seventh-busiest]] light rail system in the country with approximately 55 stations on {{convert|72|mi}} of light rail, and 10 stations on {{convert|35|mi}} of commuter rail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dart.org/about/expansion/otherprojects.asp|title=DART.org – Expansion Information|website=dart.org|access-date=August 27, 2017}}</ref> It includes four light rail lines and a commuter line: the {{DART R}}, the {{DART B}}, the {{DART G}}, the {{DART O}}, and the {{DART TRE}}.

The {{DART R}} travels through [[Oak Cliff]], [[South Dallas]], [[downtown Dallas|Downtown]], [[Uptown Dallas|Uptown]], [[North Dallas]], [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]] and [[Plano, Texas|Plano]], while the {{DART B}} goes through Oak Cliff, Downtown, Uptown, [[East Dallas]], [[Lake Highlands]], and [[Garland, Texas|Garland]]. The {{DART R|style=nl}} and {{DART B|style=nl}} lines are conjoined between [[8th & Corinth Station]] in Oak Cliff through [[Mockingbird Station]] in [[North Dallas]]. The two lines service [[Cityplace Station]]. The Green Line serves [[Carrollton, Texas|Carrollton]], [[Farmers Branch, Texas|Farmers Branch]], [[Dallas Love Field|Love Field Airport]], [[Stemmons Corridor, Dallas, Texas|Stemmons Corridor]], [[Victory Park, Dallas, Texas|Victory Park]], Downtown, [[Deep Ellum, Dallas, Texas|Deep Ellum]], [[Fair Park]], South Dallas, and [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas|Pleasant Grove]].

The Orange Line initially operated as a peak-service line providing extra capacity on portions of the Green and Red Lines ([[Bachman Station]] on the Green Line, through the Downtown transit mall, to [[Parker Road Station]] on the Red Line making a "U"-shape). However, the first stage of the Orange Line opened on December 6, 2010, extending its west end from Bachman to [[Belt Line Station]] in Irving. The second and final phase opened in August 2014 and provided [[Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport|DFW Airport]] with rail service. [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Station|DFW Airport Station]] is the terminus for the Orange Line and connects [[DFW Skylink|Skylink]].<ref name="dart.org">{{cite web|url=http://dart.org/about/expansion/orangeline.asp |title=Orange Line Expansion Information |publisher=DART.org |access-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref>

This provides passengers the convenience of disembarking the DART rail, proceeding to security check-in and immediately boarding [[DFW Skylink|Skylink]] to be quickly transported to their desired terminal. The Blue Line has also been extended by {{convert|4.5|mi}} to serve [[Rowlett, Texas|Rowlett]] at the [[Rowlett Park & Ride]] facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dart.org/about/expansion/blueline.asp |title=Blue Line Expansion Information |publisher=DART.org |access-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref>

In August 2009, the Regional Transportation Council agreed to seek $96&nbsp;million in federal stimulus dollars for a trolley project in Dallas and Fort Worth. The Oak Cliff Transit Authority took the lead with leaders envisioning a streetcar line that would link [[Dallas Union Station|Union Station]] and the [[Dallas Convention Center]] in Downtown to Oak Cliff, Methodist Medical Center, and the [[Bishop Arts District]] via the Houston Street Viaduct.<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://oakcliffblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2009/08/proposed-streetcar-route-for-o.html | title = Proposed streetcar route for Oak Cliff scaled back | first = Roy | last = Appleton | date = August 17, 2009 | newspaper = [[The Dallas Morning News]] | via = oakcliffblog.dallasnews.com | access-date = September 27, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110114202204/http://oakcliffblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2009/08/proposed-streetcar-route-for-o.html | archive-date = January 14, 2011}}</ref>

Dallas was awarded a $23&nbsp;million TIGER grant towards the $58&nbsp;million Dallas Streetcar Project in February 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilonsky |first=Robert |url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2010/02/owntown_dallas_streetcar_proje.php |title=Downtown Dallas Streetcar Project Takes the TIGER By the Tail to Tune of $23 Million – Dallas – News – Unfair Park |publisher=Blogs.dallasobserver.com |date=February 17, 2010 |access-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-date=May 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513012148/http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2010/02/owntown_dallas_streetcar_proje.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In addition to light rail, [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Texas Eagle]]'' also serves Union Station, providing daily service east to [[Chicago]] and west to [[San Antonio station (Texas)|San Antonio]], and thrice-weekly service west to [[Los Angeles]]. The Trinity Rail Express terminates at Union Station and [[T&P Station]].

==Notable people==
{{main|List of people from Dallas}}

==International relations==
The city of Dallas has worked to build Sister & Friendship City relationships around the globe. These relationships help create and strengthen partnerships between Dallas and the [[international community]]. The program aims to build global cooperation at the municipal level by promoting cultural understanding and stimulating [[economic development]] between Dallas and its foreign counterparts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dallasecodev.org/465/Sister-Friendship-Cities|title=Sister & Friendship Cities &#124; City of Dallas Office of Economic Development|website=www.dallasecodev.org|access-date=October 26, 2020|archive-date=September 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922080614/https://www.dallasecodev.org/465/Sister-Friendship-Cities|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Sister cities===
Dallas's [[Sister city|sister cities]] are:<ref name=sistercities>{{cite web|title=Sister & Friendship Cities|url=https://www.dallasecodev.org/465/Sister-Friendship-Cities|publisher=City of Dallas Office of Economic Development|access-date=October 26, 2020|archive-date=September 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922080614/https://www.dallasecodev.org/465/Sister-Friendship-Cities|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagdeco|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
*{{Flagdeco|France}} [[Dijon]], France
*{{Flagdeco|India}} [[Kolkata]], India<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-11-17 |title=A tale of two cities: Will Kolkata learn from her sister? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/A-tale-of-two-cities-Will-Kolkata-learn-from-her-sister/articleshow/25916888.cms |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*{{Flagdeco|Mexico}} [[Monterrey]], Mexico
*{{Flagdeco|Latvia}} [[Riga]], Latvia
*{{Flagdeco|Russia}} [[Saratov]], Russia (ties suspended in 2022)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-04 |title=Dallas formally condemns invasion of Ukraine, suspends ties with Russian sister city Saratov |url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/dallas-mayor-proposes-suspending-ties-russian-sister-city-saratov/287-72490026-e849-44c8-8319-60fda3d52d53 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=WFAA |language=en-US}}</ref>
*{{Flagdeco|Japan}} [[Sendai]], Japan
*{{Flagdeco|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], Taiwan
*{{Flagdeco|China}} [[Tianjin]], China<!--does not consider Dallas as its sister city-->
*{{Flagdeco|Spain}} [[Valencia]], Spain<!--does not consider Dallas as its sister city-->
{{div col end}}


===Friendship cities===
Dallas has friendly relations with:<ref name=sistercities/>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{Flagdeco|China}} [[Dalian]], China
*{{Flagdeco|China}} [[Nanjing]], China
*{{Flagdeco|China}} [[Qingdao]], China
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Texas|United States|Cities}}
*[[List of museums in North Texas]]
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas]]
*[[Texas Triangle]]
*[[USS Dallas|USS ''Dallas'']], 3 ships
*[[2015 attack on Dallas police]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* [[Herbert E. Bolton]], ''Athanase de Mezieres and the Louisiana-Texas Frontier 1768–1780'', Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1914. {{ISBN|1290690731}}
* Patricia Evridge Hill, ''Dallas: The Making of a Modern City'', Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 1996. {{ISBN|0292731043}}
* Maxine Holmes, ''The WPA Dallas Guide and History'', Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 1992. {{ISBN|0929398319}}
* Darwin Payne, ''Big D: Triumphs and Troubles of an American Supercity in the 20th Century'', Dallas: Three Forks Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1893451046}}
* John William Rogers, ''The Lusty Texans of Dallas'', E. P. Dutton, 1951. 
* Jim Schutze, ''The Accommodation: The Politics of Race in an American City'', New York: Citadel Press, 1987. {{ISBN|0806510463}}
* Nancy Smith, ''Dallas International with J.R. Ewing: History of Real Dallasites in the Spotlight of "Dallas", Southfork and the 1980s Gold Rush'', Outskirts Press, 2012. {{ISBN|1432756990}}
* Nancy Smith, ''Dallas Celebrity in the Glamorous 1980s Era of Ronald and Nancy Reagan'', Denver: Outskirts, 2016. {{ISBN|147876242X}}
* Roy H. Williams and Kevin James Shay, ''And Justice for All! The Untold History of Dallas'', Fort Worth: CGS, 1999. {{ISBN|0965050572}}

{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Dallas|voy=Dallas}}

*[http://www.dallascityhall.com/ Official website]
*{{Handbook of Texas|id=hdd01|name=Dallas}}
*[https://texashistory.unt.edu/explore/partners/DAPL/browse/?fq=str_location_county:Dallas+County,+TX Dallas Public Library Search Results for Dallas County]

{{Dallas}}
{{Geographic Location (8-way)
| Centre    = Dallas
| North     = [[Addison, Texas|Addison]], [[Plano, Texas|Plano]], & [[Richardson, Texas|Richardson]]
| Northeast = [[Garland, Texas|Garland]]
| East      = [[Mesquite, Texas|Mesquite]] & [[Balch Springs, Texas|Balch Springs]]
| Southeast = [[Seagoville, Texas|Seagoville]] & [[Hutchins, Texas|Hutchins]]
| South     = [[Lancaster, Texas|Lancaster]] & [[DeSoto, Texas|DeSoto]]
| Southwest = [[Duncanville, Texas|Duncanville]] & [[Cedar Hill, Texas|Cedar Hill]]
| West      = [[Grand Prairie, Texas|Grand Prairie]] & [[Irving, Texas|Irving]]
| Northwest = [[Farmers Branch, Texas|Farmers Branch]] & [[Carrollton, Texas|Carrollton]]
}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Articles relating to Dallas and [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County]]
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{{Collin County, Texas}}
{{Dallas County, Texas}}
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{{Rockwall County, Texas}}
{{Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex}}
{{Texas}}
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{{Texas cities and mayors of 100,000 population}}
}}
{{USPopulousCities}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dallas| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Cities in Collin County, Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Dallas County, Texas]]
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[[Category:County seats in Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]]
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